Reflexes, nervous system ppt
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ELAINE N. MARIEB
EIGHTH EDITION
7
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University
ESSENTIALSOF HUMANANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY
The Nervous System
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Functional Classification of Neurons Sensory (afferent) neurons
Carry impulses from the sensory receptors Cutaneous sense organs
Motor (efferent) neurons
Carry impulses from the central nervous system
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Functional Classification of Neurons Interneurons (association neurons)
Found in neural pathways in the central nervous system
Connect sensory and motor neurons
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Neuron Classification
Figure 7.6
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The Reflex Arc Reflex – rapid, predictable, and involuntary
responses to stimuli
Reflex arc – direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector
Figure 7.11a
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc
Figure 7.11b–c
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Types of Reflexes and Regulation Autonomic reflexes
Smooth muscle regulation
Heart and blood pressure regulation
Regulation of glands
Digestive system regulation
Somatic reflexes
Activation of skeletal muscles
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Autonomic Reflexes Abdominal Reflex
Stimulus: light stroking of the abdomen
Response: Contraction of the abdominal muscles that pull navel towards stimulus
Spinal Segment: T7 - T12
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Somatic Reflexes Biceps Reflex
Stimulus: tap to tendon of biceps brachii muscle
Response: Flexion at elbow
Spinal Segment: C5, C6
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Somatic Reflexes Triceps Reflex
Stimulus: Tap to tendon of triceps brachii muscle
Response: Extension at elbow
Spinal Segment: C6, C7
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Somatic Reflexes Patellar Reflex
Stimulus: tap to patellar tendon
Response: extension at knee
Spinal Segment: L2-L4
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Somatic Reflexes Ankle-jerk Reflex
Stimulus: Tap to calcaneal tendon
Response: extension (plantar flexion) at ankle
Spinal Segment: S1-S2