Refernce Material
description
Transcript of Refernce Material
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SUBMITTED BY: Jisha George
Reg No: 18114386006
Natural Science,
Batch: 2014-2015
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INDEX
S.No Topic Page No
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. ENCYCLOPEDIA 4
3. NEWSLETTER 5
4. MAGAZINE 6
5. JOURNAL 7
6. CONCLUSION 8
7. REFERENCE 9
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INTRODUCTION
Reference materials are various sources that provide background information or quick facts on any given
topic. While there are many different types of resources here are a few - Atlases, Biographical Resources,
Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias - General and by Subject, Handbooks, Guides.
Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to
connect to another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object.
The second object, the one to which the first object refers is called the referent of the first object.
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF REFERENCE MATERIALS
ENCYCLOPEDIA
A work containing information on all subjects, or limited to a special field or subject, arranged in systematic
(usually alphabetical), order.
Dictionary entries, focus on linguistic information about words, encyclopaedia articles focus on
factual information.
Encyclopaedias have existed for around 2,000 years; the oldest still in existence, Naturalis Historia,
was written by Pliny the Elder
Historically, some encyclopaedias were contained in one volume, whereas others, such as the
encyclopaedias Britannica, the Encyclopaedia Italiana (62 volumes, 56,000 pages)
The world's largest, Encyclopaedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana (118 volumes, 105,000
pages), became huge multi-volume works.
Some modern encyclopaedias, such as Wikipedia, are electronic and often freely available.
In 2001, Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger launched Wikipedia.
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Encyclopaedias General
Contain an alphabetically organized listing of a broad range of subjects with basic information for each entry.
General encyclopaedias provide a good basis for the beginning stages of research. They are also helpful
resources for ready reference questions. Example - World Book Encyclopaedia.
Encyclopaedias, Subject
Contain the same type of information and organized like a general encyclopaedia. The entries are limited to
those that fall within the subject encyclopaedia’s scope of the coverage. Example - The Grolier Encyclopaedia
of Science and Technology.
Advantages
Facts about a topic
Quality checked
Brief overview of a topic
Disadvantages
Print copies may go out of date
May not include a lot of detail
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NEWSLETTER
A newsletter is a regularly distributed publication that is generally about one main topic of interest to its
subscribers. Newspapers and leaflets are types of newsletters. For example, newsletters are distributed at
schools to inform parents about things that happen in that school.
Newsletters are published by clubs, churches, societies, associations, and businesses—especially
companies—to provide information of interest to members, customers, or employees. A newsletter may be
considered "grey literature". Newsletters delivered electronically via email (e-Newsletters) have gained rapid
acceptance for the same reasons email in general has gained popularity over printed correspondence.
Advantages
Up to date coverage of events, news and opinion
Include images
Can include reliable information as well as some facts and figures
Disadvantages
Can be biased.
May be influenced by political loyalties.
Some items may be written to entertain rather than to portray facts.
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MAGAZINE
Magazines are publications, usually periodical publications, that are printed or electronically published. (The
online versions are called online magazines.) They are generally published on a regular schedule and contain
a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by prepaid
subscriptions, or a combination of the three. At its root, the word "magazine" refers to a collection or storage
location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles.
Magazines can be distributed through the mail, through sales by newsstands, bookstores, or other vendors,
or through free distribution at selected pick-up locations.
The subscription business models for distribution fall into three main categories.
Paid circulation
In this model, the magazine is sold to readers for a price, either on a per-issue basis or by subscription,
where an annual fee or monthly price is paid and issues are sent by post to readers.
Non-paid circulation
This means that there is no cover price and issues are given away, for example in street dispensers, airline
in-flight magazines, or included with other products or publications.
Controlled circulation
This is the model used by many trade magazines (industry-based periodicals) distributed only to qualifying
readers, often for free and determined by some form of survey.
Advantages
Indicate areas of professional interest
Up to date coverage of news and opinion
Opportunity for communities to engage
Feature new services, resources or areas of interest
Disadvantages
Not as extensively quality reviewed as journals
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JOURNAL
A newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or professional activity. Periodical publication
of magazine, review, newsletter, news-sheet, bulletin. A collection of articles relating to a particular topic
published regularly (eg once a month, quarterly, annually)
A journal has several related meanings:
A daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary
A newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day
Many publications issued at stated intervals, such as academic journals, or the record of the
transactions of a society, are often called journals. In academic use, a journal refers to a serious,
scholarly publication that is peer-reviewed. A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated
audience about an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a trade magazine.
Advantages
Include the latest research
Up to date
Cover very specific topics
Quality checked during peer review process
List references used - good source for further research
Disadvantages
Don’t go into as much detail as books
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CONCLUSION
Teachers are encouraged to use a wide range of learning and teaching resources, such as reference books
or printed learning materials (e.g. supplementary reading and information materials, newspapers, articles,
journals, periodicals, workbooks, exercises) to allow students to explore issues of interest, stimulate enquiry,
apply/ consolidate their learning or encourage them to undertake further learning.
Teachers could also make good use of authentic resources (e.g. information leaflets, pamphlets, magazines,
songs, posters) that are not written for classroom purposes, but could bring real-world issues into their
classrooms.
Teachers should consider factors such as availability, affordability and copyright issues before using
reference materials in the classrooms.
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REFERENCE
cd1.edb.hkedcity.net/cd/cns/sscg_web/html/english
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki