REDD+ and LULUCF as INDC Strategies

REDD+ and LULUCF as INDC

Strategies

Conference of the Parties Le Bourget, Paris December 1, 2015

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The session will address the use of REDD+ policy and LULUCF approach

and project types, in Intended Nationally Determined Contributions.

INDC's are a significant requirement for developing economies – but they

also present a key opportunity. By incorporating REDD+ strategies,

INDCs can provide a system for capacity building and revenue generation

for conserving and managing valuable natural resources. For countries

that hold significant mitigation opportunity through land use and forest

conservation, the most valuable steps to mitigate the effects of GHG

emissions are to implement REDD+ strategies. REDD+ and LULUCF can

provide a cost-effective climate action tool as well as generating important

social and infrastructure development, including advancing the rule of law

and international markets.

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REDD+ and LULUCF as INDC Strategies

La session abordera l'utilisation de types de politiques et de projets

REDD+ et LULUCF en escomptés Contributions déterminés au niveau

national. INDC de sont une exigence importante pour les économies en

développement - mais ils présentent aussi une occasion clé. En intégrant

des stratégies REDD+ INDCs peuvent fournir un système de renforcement

des capacités et la génération de revenus pour la conservation et la

gestion des ressources naturelles précieuses. Pour les pays qui

détiennent d'importantes perspectives de l'atténuation à travers l'utilisation

des terres et de la conservation des forêts, les étapes les plus précieux

pour atténuer les effets des émissions de GES sont à mettre en œuvre

des stratégies REDD+. REDD+ et LULUCF peut fournir un outil d'action

climatique rentable ainsi que de générer le développement social et des

infrastructures importantes, y compris la promotion de la primauté du droit

et de marchés internationaux

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REDD+ et LULUCF Stratégie INDC

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12/1/2015

Moderator:

Jeffrey C. Fort , Director Climate Change Practice, 大成 DENTONS

Panelists:

• Honorable Anne Slaughter Andrew, Former U.S. Ambassador to Costa Rica and currently

serving on the Boards of NRDC and EARTH University in Costa Rica

• Chhun Delux, Chief of Forest and Climate Change Office, Forestry Administration,

Cambodia

• Michael Schneider, Assistant Director, Carbon Offset Business Development, International

Air Transport Association

• Robert O. Sullivan, Deputy Senior Director, Environmental Group, Winrock International

• John Van D. Lewis, Ph.D, Managing Director, Terra Global Capital, LLC

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Moderator & Panelists

• Offices in over 50 countries

• Largest law firm ---

• In the world (over 125 offices and 6600 lawyers today)

• In China (17 provinces and 25 cities)

• In Arica (18 offices and affiliates)

• The leading law firm in the Middle East

• Offices throughout US, Europe, UK, Canada, CIS and Southeast Asia

• In process of combining with Australia and Singapore based law firms

• Recognized by American Lawyer as global Citizen of the Year for global pro

bono project in 2014, “Umbrella ERPA” for REDD+ project in Cambodia

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Dentons

Who we are--

COP21 - Paris

REDD+ as an INDC Strategy: Understanding

Cambodia REDD+ strategy and its INDC

December 1, 2015

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By: Chhun Delux

Chief of Forest Carbon Credits and Climate Change Office,

Forestry Administration, Cambodia

E.mail: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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Cambodia’s INDC

• Followed “ Lima Call for Action”- COP20-Lima

• Cambodia’s INDC submitted to UNFCCC on Oct 2015

Adaption:

• Vulnerability to climate change ( agriculture,

Infrastructure, Forestry, Human health, and Coastal

zones).

• Conducting an assessment on Loss and Damage

from climate change.

Priority action :

• Implementation of the Cambodia Climate Change

Strategic Plan ( 2014-2023)

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Cambodia INDC

Mitigation

• Followed “ Lima Call for Action”- COP20, para.11

• Contribution: Cambodia propose GHG mitigation

contribution (2020-2030)- conditional upon the available

resource from international community

( Art.4.3 UNFCCC).

o Energy industrial, manufacturing industrial,

transport, and other sectors: Maximum reduction

3,100 Gg CO2 eq. compare to Baseline Emission of

11,600 Gg CO2e. by 2030.

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o LULUCF: undertake voluntary and conditional action to

achieve target to.

In the absence of any actions the net seq.

from LULUCF is expected to reduce to

7,897 GgCO2 eq. in 2030 compared to

projected sequestration of 18, 492 GgCO2e

Mitigation action plan under LULUCF.

Implementation of Cambodia National

REDD+ strategy

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Overview on Cambodia National REDD+ Strategy

GOALS

1. Strengthened sustainable management and the

conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks

while reducing deforestation and forest degradation

through REDD+ mechanisms.

2. Compliance with Cambodia’s requirements under the

UNFCCC to be eligible to receive results-based

payments for implemented REDD+ policies and

measures (PAMs) and concomitant widespread public

awareness and participation in climate mitigation actions.

3. Expansion of integrated inter-sectoral strategic plans and

policies associated with the utilization and management of

forests and natural resources and land management.

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Overview on Cambodia National

REDD+ Strategy

Cambodia REDD+ strategic Objectives:

1. Improve effectiveness of forest resources

and land use monitoring and management

2. Encourage implementation of sustainable

forest management activities

3. Promote stakeholder participation and

enhance capacities, knowledge and

awareness to implement the national

strategy

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Cambodia National REDD+ Strategy

Implementation plan

In the short term (2016):

• A detailed and prioritised action plan for 2016-2020

• A specific action plan for strategic knowledge

management and coordination functions.

• Institutional and financial arrangements for the

implementation of the National REDD+ strategy

• The development of a national M&E framework.

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Overview on Cambodia National REDD+

Strategy

In the medium term (2017-2022)

• Implementation of the REDD+ Action Plan.

• Only those that are addressing deforestation will be

assessed for RBP given current technical scopes

and feasibilities of Cambodia’s initial FREL/FRL.

In the longer term (Post 2022/ RBP Phase):

• By the start of 2021, the NFMS, FREL/ FRL and

SIS methods and data will be improved, and full

operation

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Thank you !

Prey Long Landscape, Kompong Thom Province Cambodia.

(FA, 2015)

REDD+ as INDC Strategy Presented by: Anne Andrew Honorable Anne Slaughter Andrew, Former U.S. Ambassador

to Costa Rica and currently serving on the Boards of NRDC

and EARTH University in Costa Rica

Global Coffee Growing Regions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carte_Coffea_robusta_arabic.svg

http://www.dentons.com/~/media/Audio/2015/REDDaudio1.wav

INDC Target Types

Marshall Islands

New Zealand

Absolute target

Singapore

BAU Target

San Marino

Trinidad and Tobago

Comoros

Grenada

Others

Seychelles

Kiribati

Mauritius

Maldives

Barbados

Vanuatu

Cape Verde

Dominica

Sao Tome and

Principe Solomon Islands

Monaco

Samoa

www.ieta.org

Emissions intensity

INDC not yet submitted


INDC Market Interest

Marshall Islands

New Zealand

INDC domestic focus

Singapore

INDC includes the use of

International markets

San Marino

Trinidad and Tobago

Comoros

Grenada

Country will consider

using markets

Seychelles

Kiribati

Mauritius

Maldives

Barbados

Vanuatu

Cape Verde

Dominica

Sao Tome and

Principe Solomon Island

Monaco

Samoa

INDC Not Submitted

www.ieta.org


Forest Carbon Partnership

REDD+ Countries • A REDD+ Country Participant is a developing country located in a subtropical or

tropical area that has signed a Participation Agreement to participate in the Readiness

Fund. Forty-seven developing countries have been selected to join the FCPF (18 in

Africa, 18 in Latin America, and 11 in the Asia-Pacific region).

• Argentina

• Belize

• Bolivia

• Plurinational State of Bhutan

• Burkina Faso

• Cambodia

• Cameroon

• Central African Republic

• Chile

• Colombia

• Congo, Democratic Republic of

Congo

• Republic of Costa Rica

• Côte d'Ivoire

• Dominican Republic

• El Salvador

• Ethiopia

• Fiji

• Gabon

• Ghana

• Guatemala

• Guyana

• Honduras

• Indonesia

• Kenya

• Lao People's Democratic

Republic

• Liberia

• Madagascar

• Mexico

• Mozambique

• Nepal

• Nicaragua

• Nigeria

• Pakistan

• Panama

• Papua New Guinea

• Paraguay

• Peru

• Sudan

• Suriname

• Tanzania

• Thailand

• Togo

• Uganda

• Uruguay

• Vanuatu

• Vietnam


IETA Statement

LONGER TERM…

• The emissions markets should mature and grow, to evolve and provide wide GHG coverage:

• sector-by-sector

• geography-by-geography

• This will lead to a global price for carbon and a trading system as exists in currency, commodity and debt markets. Ensuring that carbon has the proper links in all of these markets will require:

• Harmonized benchmarks, ambitions, rules, monitoring and enforcement within an array of approaches

• Structures and regulations to link different approaches and systems, directly or by exchange rates or market instruments

• Worldwide offset mechanisms based on verifiable emission reduction projects and programs


Rule of Law Statement

• To Be Sustainable by Design, REDD and

Emissions Trading require smart

investments in Rule of Law reform


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Michael Schneider

Assistant Director, Carbon Offset Business

Development, IATA

Our climate action plan

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Three goals…

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Four pillars of climate action

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Working to develop a global market-based measure

2009: industry presents Governments at ICAO with climate plan.

2013: Governments agree to develop global MBM for sector.

Currently: parties at ICAO are undertaking political and technical work

to design MBM for agreement at 2016 ICAO Assembly and

implementation from 2020.

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Land-use and INDCs – initial analysis for Asia and LAC

Robert O’Sullivan [email protected]


Asia

Asian Context:

• Largest global source of AFOLU emissions

• IPCC estimates SE Asia technical ER potential is 550 – 1,300 million tCO2e by 2030; – 28% @ $20/t and 46% @

$50/t

7 countries reviewed:

• Bangladesh

• Cambodia

• India

• Indonesia

• Laos

• Thailand

• Vietnam

Results: Asia

Asia results cont.

• Scope for increased ambition, but need:

– More recent GHG data

– Financial / cost assessments

– Consultation and feasibility assessments

• Low Emission Development Strategies can help with this

LAC

• Currently analyzing INDCs for 21 LAC countries

– 18 have contributions from AFOLU

– 15 include REDD+ activities

– 8 include agriculture (1 has agriculture only)

Winrock International

A mission-driven nonprofit business. Global reach: ~125 Projects, ~71 Countries

• Apply latest science to generate and distil information for use in low emission and climate resiliency development and spatial planning, GHG emission estimation, and habitat mapping and restoration.

• Develop tools, methodologies, and perform capacity building to make science-based sustainable natural resource management accessible to broad audiences

• Expert scientists provide technical guidance to IPCC, CDM, ARWG, FCPF, VCS

JURISDICTIONAL REDD+ AND SUSTAINABLE

ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO

UNFCCC COP 21

Paris

1 November 2015

Proposed Emissions Reduction (ER) Program Area Departments of Likouala and Sangha: 12.6

million hectares

Proposed Emissions Reduction (ER) Program Area Land Use Breakdown

LULC Class Sangha (ha) Likouala (ha) Total Hectares

Primary Forest 2,693,803 2,120,707 4,814,510

Degraded Forest 537,874 121,154 659,028

Secondary Forest 450 325 775

Deforested Since 2003 67,681 58,141 125,822

Crops/Plantation 43,442 12,331 55,773

Grassland/Savannah 27,381 289,950 317,331

Wetland (Forested) 2,385,060 4,051,813 6436,873

Wetland (Other) 5,4123 90,724 144,847

Water 19,736 20,717 40,453

Congo’s “Intended, Nationally Determined Forest Emissions Reduction Commitment”

(INDC)

Source: Republic of Congo 2015

Program Costs: Typology of Economic Activities in ER Program Management Areas

Typology/Management Areas

Reflected in Historical Period Expected in Future WITHOUT the ER Program

ER Program Measures Summary of Methodological Approach to Forward REL

Forest Concessions in the Production Areas as defined in the management plan

Different dates of granting/activating of concessions and different timber management practices that influence DF and DG rates in the historical period

Concession would adopt harvesting practices that reflect the legally allowable methods and extraction rates of the average concession holder under similar conditions.

Adopt Reduced Impact Logging that are designed to minimize DF and DG in the production areas OR to protect areas that could have been logged

Quantify the legal DF and DG for the typical concession holder and apply to current concessions in the ER Program Area into the future

Palm Plantations with existing concession contracts

Different dates of signing concessions agreement (all post 2011) and DF that reflects only a small fraction of what is legally allowable was deforested and virtually none is planted with palm

The maximum allowable forest areas in concessions would be cleared and planted with palm over a schedule the reflects a typical clearing and harvesting schedule for similar concessions

Beyond what is legally allowable DF, set aside HCV areas that will not be deforested and planted with palm

Based on the legally allowable clearing amount and suitable locations, model the deforestation that would occur into the future

Mining Concessions While in the historical period an enormous amount of mining concessions have been granted, only one in the ER Program Area has been authorized for le permis d’exploitation. That means that very limited DG and DF associated directly with mining has occurred.

For a portion of the mine concessions that are able to 1) find proven reserves and 2) raise the billons of investment capital needed to start exploitation, these will clear areas using typical method that are needed to extract minerals

Mines would adopt improved mining techniques to reduce the direct DF of operationalizing the mine, and/or they would adopt a mitigation/compensation scheme hectare for hectare to protect another area.

Quantify DF areas for the standard mine practices in the country/region and use as a proxy for each type of mine in the ER Program Area. Project based on factors related to the company holding the concession, type of permit, type mineral, and other factors, the probability of these mines coming on line.

Reducing unplanned DF and DG in all ER Program Areas (not included above, note that only one REL scenario can be applied single area)

The rate of DF and DG in the historical reference period associated with unplanned agents is a function of a number of factors including population (growth, distribution, migrants, access to jobs) and access to forests (roads, rails, bridges)

The rate of DF and DG in the future as well as the location of DF and DG (which impacts emissions), will be impacted by changes in the population (growth, migrants, access to jobs) and access to forests (roads, rails)

There are numerous ER Program measures that will reduce unplanned DF and DG. These include i) smallholder cacao and palm which improve livelihoods, ii) improved governance of protected areas, and iii) programs addressing illegal timber (FLEGT), iv) conservation agriculture

Use the historical DF and DG (if available) rates, after removing those associated with the areas covered under other typologies to project in the future. These rates adjusted for the impact associated with of factors including population (growth, distribution, migrants, access to jobs) and access to forests (roads, rails, bridges)

Forest Concession Metrics


Reflected in Historical Period

Expected in Future WITHOUT the ER Program


Forest Concessions in the Production Areas as defined in the management plan

Different dates of granting/activating of concessions and different timber management practices that influence DF and DG rates in the historical period

Concession would adopt harvesting practices that reflect the legally allowable methods and extraction rates of the average concession holder under similar conditions.

Adopt Reduced Impact Logging that are designed to minimize DF and DG in the production areas OR to protect areas that could have been logged

Quantify the legal DF and DG for the typical concession holder and apply to current concessions in the ER Program Area into the future

Palm Concession Metrics





Palm Plantations with existing concession contracts

Different dates of signing concessions agreement (all post 2011) and DF that reflects only a small fraction of what is legally allowable was deforested and virtually none is planted with palm

The maximum allowable forest areas in concessions would be cleared and planted with palm over a schedule the reflects a typical clearing and harvesting schedule for similar concessions

Beyond what is legally allowable DF, set aside HCV areas that will not be deforested and planted with palm

Based on the legally allowable clearing amount and suitable locations, model the deforestation that would occur into the future

Mining Concession Metrics





Mining Concessions While in the historical period an enormous amount of mining concessions have been granted, only one in the ER Program Area has been authorized for le permis d’exploitation. That means that very limited DG and DF associated directly with mining has occurred.

For a portion of the mine concessions that are able to 1) find proven reserves and 2) raise the billons of investment capital needed to start exploitation, these will clear areas using typical method that are needed to extract minerals

Mines would adopt improved mining techniques to reduce the direct DF of operationalizing the mine, and/or they would adopt a mitigation/compensation scheme hectare for hectare to protect another area.

Quantify DF areas for the standard mine practices in the country/region and use as a proxy for each type of mine in the ER Program Area. Project based on factors related to the company holding the concession, type of permit, type mineral, and other factors, the probability of these mines coming on line.

Unplanned Deforestation & Degredation





Reducing unplanned DF and DG in all ER Program Areas (not included above, note that only one REL scenario can be applied single area)

The rate of DF and DG in the historical reference period associated with unplanned agents is a function of a number of factors including population (growth, distribution, migrants, access to jobs) and access to forests (roads, rails, bridges)

The rate of DF and DG in the future as well as the location of DF and DG (which impacts emissions), will be impacted by changes in the population (growth, migrants, access to jobs) and access to forests (roads, rails)

There are numerous ER Program measures that will reduce unplanned DF and DG. These include i) smallholder cacao and palm which improve livelihoods, ii) improved governance of protected areas, and iii) programs addressing illegal timber (FLEGT), iv) conservation agriculture

Use the historical DF and DG (if available) rates, after removing those associated with the areas covered under other typologies to project in the future. These rates adjusted for the impact associated with of factors including population (growth, distribution, migrants, access to jobs) and access to forests (roads, rails, bridges)

National Forest Inventory Data

Risk Displacement & Leakage Considerations

Leakage Category

Type Description

Primary – Activity Shifting

Geographically constrained (PL-GC)

Activity-shifting leakage is leakage that directly results from REDD+ activities. In this case because of the REDD activities are implemented, the agents move somewhere else but within a constrained area from the REDD activities are taking place.

Non-geographically constrained (PL-NGC)

Activity-shifting leakage is leakage that directly results from REDD+ activities. In this case because of the REDD activities are implemented, the agents move somewhere else but they are not constrained geographically.

Secondary

Market (SL-M) Secondary leakage is the indirect result of implementing REDD+ activities. Specifically, market leakage is a form of secondary leakage where REDD+ activities result in increased emissions elsewhere due to changes in supply of forest-related products. In REDD+, market leakage is caused by constraints in forest resources that force a shift in market equilibrium, resulting in extraction or land use change outside project boundaries. Unlike activity-shifting, market leakage is indirect and involves 3rd parties unrelated to the original project.

Super-acceptance of alternative livelihoods NOT INCLUDED

Livelihoods options resulting from REDD+ activities being adopted beyond the original deforestation agents are referred to as super-acceptance of alternative livelihoods. And can be positive or negative. As it is not accounted for in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and often considered negligible, few methodologies attempt to quantify or adjust for super-acceptance of alternative livelihoods.

ER Program Benefits AFOLU Offset Credit Calculation Process

Thank you!

Please contact us for more information or to arrange a meeting:

[email protected]

www.terraglobalcapital.com

John Lewis, PhD – [email protected]

Page 47

http://www.terraglobalcapital.com/


We see opportunities to make a difference

• Deforestation and degradation are the second largest CO2e source globally.

• Payments for results, with transparency on distribution of funds, is a tool when regulatory approaches

(rule of law) is not customary:

• Monitoring, Reporting and Verification ("MRV") provide credibility and assurances of performance.

• REDD+ a particular opportunity in countries with abundant resources (fossil fuels and mining).

• Market pricing for offsets (compliance or voluntary) is within most internal carbon pricing of public and

private enterprises.

• Projects have external oversight and can provide a "social contract" element.

• Community development aspects provide capacity building and co-benefits.

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The "Structure" for the Cambodia Project

49

Oddar Meanchey REDD Project and

Investment Agreements

Thank you, et Merci Beaucoup

Jeffrey C. Fort

Dentons US LLP

233 South Wacker Drive, Suite 7800

Chicago, IL 60606

[email protected]

312-876-2380

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REDD+ and LULUCF as INDC Strategies

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Transcript of REDD+ and LULUCF as INDC Strategies