Recycling & Solid Waste - University of Colorado Boulder · 2015. 11. 30. · 2 Recycling Works...

1

Recycling & Solid Waste

Course 321.BAPPA Institute for Facilities Management

February 5, 2004Tampa, Florida

Jack DeBellUniversity of Colorado - Boulder

Course Goals

• Connecting Recycling and Solid Waste• View of the Larger Recycling Process• Common Steps to Implementing /Expanding

a Program• Ideas to Improve Your School’s Program• Opportunities for Involving Students• Access to Additional Resources• Opportunities for Non-Solid Waste

Management Employees

Course Outline

I. Integrated Approach to Solid Waste Management

II. Status Report

III. The Role of Facilities Management in Recycling Programs

IV. Operations

V. Organization

VI. Outreach and Education

VII. Other Opportunities

VIII. Conclusions

IX. Resources

X. Sample Outreach Materials

Integrated Approach to Disposal

Integrated solid waste management involves using a combination of thesepractices for different parts of the waste stream.

Successful solid waste managers choose the right mix based on localfactors.

Source reduction and diversion programs are not viewed separately but areincorporated with garbage collection and disposal.

Status Report

• Solid Waste Generation is Increasing

• Costs to Landfill Solid Waste are Increasing

• Approximately 62% of Colleges and Universities Recycle

• Average Campus Diversion Rate is 26%

• Shift Towards Increased Facilities Management Role

• Advancing (and Retreating) Programs

Recycling Works Operationally

Tons/Per Year

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1980

-81

1981

-82

1982

-83

1983

-84

1984

-85

1986

-87

1987

-88

1988

-89

1989

-90

1990

-91

1991

-92

1992

-93

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

(est

)

2

Recycling Works Operationally

1996 - 971997 - 98

1998 - 991999 - 00

2000 - 012001 - 02

Tons Diverted

Tons Landfilled0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

The Role of Facilities Management in RecyclingPrograms

Implications of Shifting Recycling into Facilities Management

• Better Performance

• Logical Integration of Recycling and Trash Collection

• Greater Potential for Reduced Disposal Costs

• Disenfranchising Students

Challenges

1. Transient Student Populations and the Need for Constant Re-Education2. Multiple Departments to Coordinate (i.e. custodial, housing, dining services,

purchasing)3. Apathy / Diffusion4. Perceptual Issues5. Building Limitations (i.e. space, layout, access)6. Fluctuating Market Prices for Recyclables7. Lack of Regional Infrastructure (especially in rural areas)8. Inadequate Funding

Opportunities

1. Repetition of Proven Education Programs (refinement)2. Potential for Partnerships Among Departments3. Recycling as a Means for Re-Energizing Students4. Credible National Leaders to Learn From (and affiliate with)5. Design for Recyclability (revising building codes and standards)6. Potentially Lucrative Account for Area Buyers (revenue return)7. Ability to Appropriately-Scale Programs8. Creative Funding Options

At-Desk Box orIndividual Bins

Collection Equipment

CentralReceptacles

Many shapes,styles, colorsare available

3

Important to have

Recycle Bin - Trash Can “Parity” Custom or

Built-InContainers

Containers withRestrictedOpenings

Roll Carts & Tilt Trucks

4

Rear Load Containers

Front Load Containers

Roll-Off Containers

Trash Compactors

(Self-Contained orStationary)

Roll-off Truck used to haul paperfiber at University of Colorado

5

Fiber bags (University of Oregon)

Collection Vehicles Optimize Location

• Placement Parity

• Master PlanRevision

• Container Basics

Co-collection equipment Student Employees

6

Collection Methods

Successful collection programs balance convenience for the generator andconvenience for the collector Best considered on a grade-by-grade basis

Commingled Collection

Simplified collection (two or morematerials are combined, e.g., mixedpapers, or cans & bottles)

Lower collection costs

Higher processing costs

More convenient for users

Usually captures more material

Higher contamination levels, lowerquality of product

Depends on existence ofprocessing/sorting facilities

Source Separation

More bins means higher collection costs

Lower processing costs

Less convenient for users, they mustseparate into categories (e.g. white paper;newspapers; glass bottles; plastic bottles)

Low contamination levels, higher quality ofproduct

Proposed Location__________________________________________

Grades Value

Volume Reduction

Visibility and Access

Importance of Aesthetics

Predisposition to Participate

Expected Volumes

Frequency of Collection

Custodial Involvement

Substitute Recycling?

Safety

Space

Access by Collection Staff

Access by Vehicle

Other:

1 2 3 4 5 (low) (high)

Total Points __________

Ranking _____________

Special Considerations:

Collection Assessment Worksheet

DestinationsDesigning a program from “finish to start” by going “downstream”

from your campus first

Solid Waste• Transfer Station• Landfill• Incinerator

Consider: landfill bans (i.e. organics, tires, electronics, HHW)

Tipping fee history/trends

Landfill life expectancy

Destinations

Diverted Materials• Drop-Off Facility

• Intermediate Processing Facility (IPF)• Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)• Recycling Mill

Consider: Equipment interface / transportation

Grading / quality control

Costs-Benefits of upgrading, sorting, densifying materials

The Golden Rule: Recycling is pulled by demand rather than pushed by supply

Intermediate Processing Facility

U-MASS has own facilitythat consolidatesmaterials for longerdistance shipping

University of Colorado

7

Material Recovery Facility

8

Use Competitively-Bid Contracts

Request weight tickets

Anticipate equipment, service needs

Clarify downgrading/reject policies

Host pre-bid meetings

Tie prices to recycling market indices

Request recycling floor prices

9

Organizational Issues

Program Structure & Management

Privatized Service

Municipal Service

Student-run Program

Facilities Management

Partnership


Administration Support

Policies, Directives

Recycling Contact or Liaison

New Employee Training

Striving for an organizational ”culture” that is awareof waste and its cost to the institution & environment, and therefore reduces, reuses, recycles, composts.


Personnel

Solid Waste ManagerRecycling CoordinatorLaborers: Custodians, Truck Operators (CDL), Recycle Workers, Sorters, MoversStudent Employees/Work-StudyRecycling Committee (Focus Groups)Opportunities to involve other Non-Waste Management Employees


Funding & Budgeting

Integrated with solid waste budget

Grants or loans for one-time equipment/start-upStudent feesFee for service (“work orders” for special pickups, paper shredding)Avoided disposal cost accrualRevenue from sale of some recyclable materialsCost recovery

Diversion is Less Expensive thanLandfilling

Cost per Ton

$0.00

$100.00

$200.00

$300.00

$400.00

$500.00

$600.00

$700.00

Academic/Administrative Buildings Housing

Trash Diversion

Avoids Expensive EquipmentPurchases

10

Buffers Tipping Fee Increases

Landfill Rates per Ton

$0.00

$5.00

$10.00

$15.00

$20.00

$25.00

5/1/96 - 7/31/96 8/1/96 - 9/30/98 10/1/98 - 10/1/01 11/1/01 - 11/30/04

“Profitability”

Cost/Revenues for CU’s RecyclablesAverage Commodity Price, Nov. 2000-Apr. 2003

$41.94

$29.97$34.66

$82.48

$124.34

$90.00

$-

$20.00

$40.00

$60.00

$80.00

$100.00

$120.00

$140.00

Rev

enu

es p

er T

on

White

LedgerOffice PakCardboardLow-gradeNewspaper

$31/Ton

Containers

Cost Recovery

• Soft Drink Contract

• Concessions Contract


Waste Stream Assessment

Shows where to best target your effortsGives information on container capacities, equipment needs, labor requirementsProvides feedback to refine trash disposal schedulingHelps measure diversion and recovery rates

Ideal opportunity for class project

11


Measurements & Benchmarking

Recovery Rate distinct from Diversion Rate

CURC Benchmarking – establishing standard measurements

Recycling Rate = Tons of materials recycled

Tons of recycling + solid waste

College & UniversityRecycling Council

Benchmarking Project

Access via CURC webpage

Outreach & Education

Audiences and Strategies

Need to use different messages and mediums for different audiences on campus:

o Students (On-campus/Off-campus, Grads, Family Housing)

o Faculty/Researcherso Staff (Office, Service, Laboratories)o Visitors, Sporting Events

Extrinsic PromptsIntrinsic Emphasis and Motivation

Recycling Works Financially

• Diversion is Less Expensive than Landfilling

• Diversion Insulates Against Fee Increases

• Recycling Generates Revenues

• Recycling Recovers Costs

• Lowers Generation Rates

Surveying Student Interest

Which of these three reasons to recycle is most

important to you.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Saves Resouces Saves the Campus Money It's the Right Thing to Do

Recycling is Helping theEnvironment!

12

GHG Reduction Due to Recycling

Net GHG Emissions of Recycling

Net GHG Emissions of Disposal

-40,000

-30,000

-20,000

-10,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

CU Recycling's GreenHouse Gas Reduction 1980 - 2001


Activities

Printed Materials

� Proper signage on bins at “point of use”

� Brochures

� Flyers and Posters

� Door hangers, Table Tents

� Environmental Impact Reports


Direct Contact

� Training and workshops

� Class Raps

� Collection Employees

� “Green Teams”


Electronic Outreach

� E-mail Listserver

� Web page

13


Exhibits, Displays

� Tree Savings stickers

� Tree-Stack

Outreach andPromotions

Environmental Fair


Media Work

� Free “filler” Ads

� Regular recycling column

14


Enlisting Student Activism

� Printing / Posting policy� Pizza Box Campaign� Junk Mail Campaign� Pouring Contract Revision

Enlisting Student Support

• Referenda

• Resolutions• Contact with Administrators• Capital Funding

Student-Funded Capital Expansion

Other Opportunities

Waste Reduction &Reuse

Refillable Mug Program(CUPPS)

Reusable shippingcontainers

Office Supply Exchanges(OSCAR, ROSE)

15

Supply Reuse Programs

• Office Supply CollectionAnd Reuse (OSCAR)

• Reusable Office SupplyExchange (ROSE)

• Devise your ownmemorable acronym?

Other Opportunities

Composting

Yard and Grounds WasteFood Wastes in Dining HallsAnimal Bedding (laboratories or farms)

Composting• Yard & Grounds Waste

• Food Waste(pre-/post-consumer)

• Animal Bedding(from labs or farms)

• Vermi-composting (worms)

• In-Vessel Composting

• Windrow Composting

Other Opportunities

Buying Recycled Products

Eliminate any barriers in PurchasingprocessTest new products

Joint Procurement, Buying Clubs

Special “Hard to Handle” Wastes

• Appliances“white goods”

• Books/Phone Books

• Fluorescent Bulbs

• “E-waste”

• Carpeting

• Mattresses

• Surplus equipment

Tires

Concrete

Surplus Furniture

Construction Debris

Power Plant Ash

16

Student Move-In

Greatopportunity tocapture cleancorrugatedcardboard

Student Move-Out

• Charitabledonations: Food,Clothing, HouseholdItems

• Furniture• Loft Wood• Concrete Blocks• Carpets/Rugs

Building Design

• Must havebuildings withloading docksto allow forflow andseparation ofmaterials

Dock fed –

more ergonomically friendly

Side load –

height is too high for averagecustodial to safely lift bags

Academic Integration

• Guest Lectures

• Facility Tours• Class Projects• Independent Studies• Internships

• Courses

17

average per capita generation of recyclables - daily

average per capita generation of recyclables - weekly

average per capita generation of recyclables - monthly

average per capita generation of recyclables - yearly

Conclusions

Recycling tends to be most successful when:

In Operationscollection balances convenience for the generator

and collectorcustodial staff are involvedequipment can be used for both trash and

recyclinglocal recycling processing details are known

18

solid waste managers know the campus waste stream and generation sourcesbe aware of external, industry, regulatory recyclingtrendsaffected employees are involved in decision-makingtrash disposal savings are realizedstudent government and other departments supportthe programcampus administrators sanction the effortcompetitive bidding processregular assessment and measuring of programsuccess, outcomes communication and affiliationwith off campus agencies and organizations

In Organization

students help promote recycling to other studentsemphasis is placed on intrinsic reasons to recycle

face-to-face interaction is used

In Outreach

off campus vendors/organizations assistthe effortstudents’ academic involvement is recruitedrecycling provisions are designed into newbuildingspurchasing power is exerted

new materials are captured in future

In Other Opportunities

Connect

• With Your People• With Local Agencies

• With CURC & the NRC

Join the RECYC-L List

College and University Recycling Coordinator Listserv

(approximately 175 subscribers)

<[email protected]>

Send email with subject: Subscribe Recyc-L

In message: Write a short e-mail introducingyourself and your school…and you will be addedto the list.

CU Recycling303.492.8307

[email protected]/recycle

Recycling & Solid Waste - University of Colorado Boulder · 2015. 11. 30. · 2 Recycling Works...

Documents

Transcript of Recycling & Solid Waste - University of Colorado Boulder · 2015. 11. 30. · 2 Recycling Works...