TRICS Pass-by & Diverted Trips Research
description
Transcript of TRICS Pass-by & Diverted Trips Research
Existing research data The TRICS Research Report 95/2 “Pass-
By and Diverted Trips: A Resume” Good research but 1995 Often used, sometimes rejected Things have changed Investigate the impact and assessment
methodology for pass-by and diverted trips
Stage 1 - Information AnalysisLiterature Review
UK National Policy Travel Behaviour & Trends Commercial Research Academic Research International Research
Analysis of TRICS dataStage 2 - Individual SurveysPeer Review
Department for Transport: Guidance on Transport Assessment (2007)
TfL: Transport Assessment Best Practice Guidance Document (2010)
Auckland Regional Transport Authority: Integrated Transport Assessment Guidelines & Supplementary Documents (2007)
National Planning Policy Framework (2012) ITE Trip Generation Manual, 9th Edition
(2012)
National Travel Survey Distance travelled by car decreasing Shopping trips account for one fifth of all trips Number of shopping trips per person per year
has decreased year on year between 1995 and 2012
London Travel Demand Survey
Online Shopping Trends
Online Shopping UK online grocery market represents
approximately 4.5% of the total grocery market.
Kantar Media, 2012
Online Shopping Online grocery shopping increasing by 18.7%
over the past 12 months 22% of households shopped online for
groceries over the past 12 months Click and Collect
Tesco & AsdaChronodriveRapidly growing market
Tesco Survey: Shopping Centres Research – Linked Trips Information, 2001
Store % RespondentsVisit shop before Tesco only
Visit shop after Tesco only
Visit shop before and after Tesco
Total visiting another shop
Basingstoke 27 18 5 50Coventry 34 12 3 49Milton Keynes
25 8 1 34
Peterborough
40 6 8 54
Stevenage 46 12 8 64Surrey Quays 38 7 8 53Average 33 11 5 49
Table 4.1 Linked Trips1.Tesco Stores Ltd, 2001
Harries et al. (2012) Trip Generation Characteristics of Large-Format Retail Development Sites in Auckland High proportion of secondary (pass-by and diverted) trips
exist, being in the range of 57-67%.
Ghezawi et al. (1998) Convenience Store Trip Generation average percentage of pass-by trips recorded was 72%, relationship between pass-by trip percentage and adjacent
street volumes
Mouchel (2009) Proposed Tesco Store & Shopping Centre, West Bromwich: Working Paper 3 – Linked Trips pass-by level 40% considered robust estimate during
weekday PM peak
MacIver, A. (1999) Transportation Impact Assessment: Forecasting Travel Demand
General rules for the proportions of pass-by trips at superstore developments in the UK:
Superstores on major commuting routes in larger urban areas - 25-35%;
Less commuting routes, in out-of-town locations and in urban areas with smaller populations - 15 to 25%;
In town centres and on non-primary routes the proportion - 10%; and
In locations with little propensity to generate pass-by trips the proportion can be as low as 5%.
88 sites from TRICS Database 5 Location Types:
Town Centre Edge of Town Centre Suburban (A) Suburban (B) Edge of Town
Surveys from 2000 onwards only Mixture of Friday and Saturday surveys
Trip rates Weekday and weekend daily period (07:00-19:00) trip
rate increases as distance from town centre increases Peak hour spreading 1600 – 1900
Location Type 07:00-19:00 08:00-09:00 16:00-17:00 17:00-18:00 18:00-19:00
Town Centre 71.573 5.452 7.260 7.423 6.186
Edge of Town Centre 95.317 4.018 10.808 11.001 11.287
Suburban Area (A) 111.585 2.661 11.066 11.621 11.251
Suburban Area (B) 121.428 4.845 11.552 12.104 12.654
Edge of Town 134.059 5.402 13.104 14.271 12.392
TRICS Average 116.983 7.134 11.632 12.334 11.639
Facilities 12 types of facilities considered. As GFA increases, the
facilities provided within the store expands.
Facilities against Location Type Range of facilities on offer increases as distance
from the town centre increases
GFA & Population
4+ facilities = comparison stores, less than 4 facilities = convenience stores.
No observable correlation between population per 1,000m2 GFA and GFA, location type, proximity to major area types or type of facilities provided.
As GFA drops below 3,000m2, population per 1,000m2 GFA also decreases
Literature ReviewLack of direction on how prevalence of pass-by and diverted trips should be addressed.Methodologies to assess these trips not provided in many policy guidelines.Commercial research has brought contradictory resultsPropensity for store customers to visit other shops within a town centre.Shopping habits are changing rapidly, especially online retail shopping and click and collect services. UK online grocery market represents approximately 4.5% of the total grocery market; increasing annually. Online shopping trends and click and collect services to be considered in determining trip rates and trip type proportions.
TRICS Data Review 88 sites
Correlation between location type and proximity to the nearest commercial area
Friday peak period for store activity 1600 to 1900
Saturday peak period 100 to 1200
Trip rate increases as distance from town centre increases
No correlation between GFA and daily trip rate.
No observable correlation between population per 1,000m2 GFA and GFA, location type, proximity to nearest competition, proximity to nearest residential area or commercial area of type of facilities provided.
Store location type is most important factor for consideration.
TRICS data review shows population and GFA to be less important factors.
Surveys to focus on the two ends of the scale – town centre and edge of town sites. Six surveys at each location type.
Surveys to investigate the facilities on offer in each store and whether these are a point of influence in trip choice.
Surveys at click and collect locations to be undertaken.
Graham Scholefield, University of Salford Martin Rogers, Dublin Institute of Technology Andrew MacIver, Napier University Edinburgh Dilum Dissanayake, University of Newcastle Rachel Aldred, University of Westminster Gordon Stokes, University of Oxford Andrew Murdoch, TPP Consulting Richard Sweet, PB Consultants Melvyn Dresner, Transport for London Stuart Wilson, Transport Scotland