Recommendation to Cease NASA Crew Return Vehicle Development
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Transcript of Recommendation to Cease NASA Crew Return Vehicle Development
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Recommendation to Cease NASA Crew Return Vehicle Development
April 29, 2004
Amanda KellyBlake Hajovsky Anthony Pittman
Engineering Technical Communications Presentation
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Overview
• Motivation for a CRV
• Feasibility Studies for Crew Escape
• Past and Present NASA CRV Development
• Underlying Ethics
• Recommendation
• Summary
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Motivation for a CRV
• Station Mishaps:– Fire
– Computer Malfunctions
– Life Support Systems Failures
– Spacecraft Collisions
• Space Debris Collisions
• Medical Emergencies
To provide a means for escape for 7 crew members in the event of:
Photograph Courtesy of NASA
Blake
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
• Fire
– Location and magnitude
• Computer Malfunctions
– Loss of gyroscopes
• Life Support Systems Failures
– Oxygen generator failure
• Spacecraft Collisions– Progress supply vehicle collision
Feasibility Studies for Crew EscapeStation Mishaps
Blake
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Feasibility Studies for Crew Escape Space Debris Collisions
• Impact on External Pressurized Tanks:
– Immediate detonation of the gas within the tank
– Tank thrust
– Tank rupture
• Direct impact of station module:
– Depressurizing leak
– Risk hypoxia
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Photograph Courtesy of NASA
Blake
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Feasibility Studies for Crew Escape Medical Emergencies
• In space:
– Heart conditions
– Other life-threatening conditions
• Problems in Antarctica
– Detection of cancer
– Pancreatitis
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Blake
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Past NASA CRV ProgramsX-38 Vehicle Concept
• Organization:
– Developed by NASA and Dryden in 1995
• X-38 Vehicle Concept:– Based on existing technologies
– Carried to orbit by Shuttle
– Lifting Body
• NASA Investment:– 7 years of engineering work
– Over 1 Billion Dollars
• Program Progress:– Final Stages of Development
Photograph courtesy of NASA
Amanda
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Past NASA CRV ProgramsModified Vision for CRV
• Vehicle design specifications to meet multi-purpose objectives
– Independent of Shuttle
– Crew rescue and crew transfer capabilities
– Increased launch probability
– Increased on-orbit maneuverability
– Limited cargo-carrying capability
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Amanda
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Past NASA CRV ProgramsOrbital Space Plane (OSP) Vehicle Concept
• Organization:– Industry Contract Competition
began in 2003
• OSP Vehicle Concept:– Undecided
• Capsule
• Lifting body
• Winged body
• NASA Investment:– 1 year of engineering work
– Over 1 Billion Dollars
• Program Progress:– Preliminary Design
Photograph Courtesy of Boeing
Photograph Courtesy of Boeing
Photograph Courtesy of Boeing
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Amanda
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Present CRV DevelopmentCrew Exploration Vehicle
• Vehicle design specifications
– Explore beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Moon and Mars
– Transporting crew to ISS after Shuttle is retired
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Amanda
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Ethics for a Rescue Vehicle
• Safety requirements Today– Transportation
– Military Mission
• Crew sense of safety
• Influence of Public Opinion
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Anthony
Photo courtesy of eFluids
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Ethics for a Rescue VehicleSuccessful Rescues Factors
• Importance for recovery– Crew
– Spacecrafts
• Success depends on:– Extent of Emergency
– Time to Implement
– Working Environment
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Anthony
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Ethics for a Rescue VehicleReality of Space Rescue
• Crew Understands Danger
• Percentage of Success– Harsh Space Environment
– Types of emergencies
• Cost vs. Benefit
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Anthony
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Recommendation
• Cease NASA CRV Development– Escape in most situations is not always
feasible or necessary
– Over 2 billion dollars invested into canceled programs
– New NASA focus on Mars and Moon
– Crew understands inherent risks
– Soyuz vehicle can be used as CRV
Anthony
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
• Motivation for a CRV
• Feasibility Studies for Crew Escape
• Past and Present NASA CRV Development
• Underlying Ethics
• Recommendation
• Summary
Summary
Blake