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for the people

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http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/onsite/docs/RETData.pdf

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http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/onsite/docs/RETData.pdf

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Treatment

Infiltration

Drainage

Prefabricated filters

Spray filters

Chemical precipitation

Phosphorus filter

Large phosphoric filters

Mini Sewage

Holding Tank

Toilets

Urine diverting dry toilet

Compost toilets

Combustion Toilet

Dry toilets

Common WC

Extremely low-flush toilet

Vacuum Toilet

Urine diverting flush toilet

Pre-Treatment

Septic tank

Approved Onsite Components

Swedens One Stop Shop for Onsite Education:

Swedens Performance Requirementsnormal areas: 70% reduction in P & Reuse if possiblehigh risk areas: 90% P reduction, 50% N reduction and Reuse if possible

Environmental Protection Agencys general advice to small drainage devices, NFS 2006:7

Finishing

Biofilterdike

Resorptionsdike

Precipitation

Wetland / pond

Irrigation

Rootzone infiltration

Infiltration

Drainage

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What is the future of onsite?

"Passive, natural systems designs offer a more robust alternative, use the least amount ofenergy of any OWT system, and exhibit treatment performance equivalent to centralized plants"

(Oakley, Stewart 1529).

Design for beneficial reuse

Cost will always be a deciding factor

Performance Based Rules

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Septic with Woodchip Filter (Nitrex)

Installation in Harvard, Massachusetts.. Lombardo Associates.

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Septic with Woodchip Filter (Nitrex)

Diagram of Nitrex passive sand and wood chip filter system. Lombardo Associates.

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Septic with Woodchip Filter (Nitrex)

Cost: $20-28,000Impact: 80-90% nitrogen reduction

Potential:

Patent expired, maybe less expensive to

construct on site.

Problems:not legal without

WPCF permit (difficult)

Nitrex being shipped

from massachusetts

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Dry Composting Toilet

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Dry Composting Toilet

Cost: $1,200-6,000 +2/3 scale septic systemImpact: 80-90% nitrogen reduction

Potential:

lowest cost system for nitrogenreduction.

Problems:

not recognized as a nitrogenreducing system in Oregon,

must be coupled with septic.

Vera Environmentals Carousel Dry Toilet www.vera.no

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Graywater and infiltration system

Potential:less expensive than septic system for graywater treatment.

Problems:

must be coupled witha redundant septic

system.

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Jetsgroup 2009

Vacuum Flush System

Problems:

Cluster systemsnot permitted by

Planning Bureauand requiresvariance fromPlumbing Code.

Potential:

Uses 1/5 the water of ultra low flow toilets.

More concentrated effluent lowers

treatment costs.

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Wostman Ecology's Vacuum Flush ''EcoVac"

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2" piping allows for easier installation

Roedigger 2007.

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Gloskow, Poland. vacuum station. Roedigger. roevac.com

Vacuum Sewers along the Rhine inGermany. Roevac.com

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Septic Tank with Urine Diverting Toilet

Costs: $3,900-6,500 for retrofit with existing septic. $150-300/year for once a year pumping of urine and septic.

Impact: Reduces nitrogen in effluent by 80%.

Potential: Low cost means to meet strict nitrogen standards.Urine can be used as fertilizer.

Problems:

Requires plan forbeneficial reuse.

Holding tanks not allowed

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User Acceptance of Urine Diversion

Peter-Frhlich, Bonhomme, Oldenburg, 2007. Sanitation Concepts for Separate

treatment of Urine, Faeces, and Greywater (SCST)- Results. Berlin: KompentzzentrumWasser Berlin.

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Operations and Maintenance in France

Intestinale Members, France

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Portable Dry Toilets

Cost: 10-20% higher than portable chemical wet toilets.Impact:All nutrients can be reused through compostinginstead of adding to treatment plant.

Potential:Lower treatment costs.

Diversifies income for dry

toilet installers.

Builds O&M competence forcomposting systems.

Problems:

Limited treatment facilities in

Oregon. Biocappi portable dry toilets. Yverdon, Switzerland. Photo by Molly Danielsson.

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1m3 portable dry toilets, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Portable Vacuum Toilets

Cost: Ultra high-end

Image Credit: Flexiloo UK

Barriers: none

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Fact sheets

Case Studies

Information on CodesTour Updates

www.recodeoregon.org