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Recent developments in ABB software technology for control center and market applications - Smart Grid perspective

Jacek Bujak, ABB Enterprise Software, May 2015

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The world of electricity is changingA wide range of drivers all over the world

Northern America

Ageing infrastructure, grown over a long period of time

More and more insufficient

Shift in fuel mix (shale gas, renewable energy)

Europe

High pressure to move to renewable energy in the EU

Remote as well as highly distributed generation

Increasing impact of volatility of generation

Ageing societies and urbanization

Asia

Strong growth

Megacities and rural electrification

Higher share of greenfield installations

Strong push for renewable energy in China and India

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Market Drivers - Europe

Drivers

Common energy markets increasing cross border flows

Large increase in renewable power generation

Difficulty predicting power flows

Huge power flows over congested network boundaries

Old generation units being decommissioned

Decreasing system stability

Consequences and requirements

Increased information exchange

Accurate current and future information required

ENTSO-E Network Codes demanding coordination

• Significant penetration of intermittent resources• Unpredictable changes in production• “A network without inertia”

Other, 25

Oil, 4

Nuclear, 12

Gas, 23

Wind, 31

Solar, 35

Coal, 45

German generation capacity mix (GW), 2013

©2014 Ventyx, an ABB company | Confidential & Proprietary | 4

Market Drivers in Europe – Generation Mix

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Future Interconnected Network

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HVDC

More reliable renewable energy will be provided to various parts of the world through a more efficient, reliable and safer system.

Advanced Energy Storage Systems

Breakthroughs in energy storage systems will create more value through electro mobility and less fluctuation of renewable energy

Advanced biofuels technology for transport

It will provide a way of shifting to low carbon, non-petroleum fuels and contributing to decarbonize the transport sector

Microgrid

It will help us to transform the current energy system to a sustainable system by enabling energy reliability and security

Utilization of CO2

It will enhance the improvements and cost reductions of carbon capture technology that is the fundamental solution for greenhouse gas reduction

Ultra-efficient solar power

Achieving ultra high efficiency in solar designs and making modules more efficient will greatly reduce the cost of solar power

Advanced offshore wind turbine technology

Breakthroughs in offshore wind turbine technology will reduce the levelized cost of electricity and will improve the reliability of offshore wind power system

Hybrid renewable energy system

It will provide a way to maximize the use of renewables and to create market opportunities for emerging technologies before they are mature

Internet of Things energy management system

The number of wirelessly connected sensing devices will allow us to gather big data on energy consumption and will provide intelligent way for energy savings

Advanced thermal storage

Breakthroughs in thermal storage system will provide an efficient and cost effective way to store thermal energy which is involved in over 90% of all energy technologies

The 10 breakthrough energy technologies

http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/Events/CEM5

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Why It MattersExample: National Geographic Daily News and MIT Technology Review

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Efficient generation, transport and better utilization of electricity

Up to 80 percent losses along the energy value chainSome losses inherent to the generation of electricityNetwork losses in EU are an estimated 50 TWh, the annual consumption of 13 million

households*

Energy efficiency along the value chain can reduce losses by 30 percent

CommercialResidential

Ava

ila

ble

en

erg

y

More efficient fuel combustion

Improved

pipeline flows

Improved well

efficiencyLower line losses, higher substation

efficiency

Improved productivity Building

management

Primary energy Transport Generation T&D Industry

80

% losses

30 %

savin

g

* Source: European Commission

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ABB ES brings together industry leaders ex. Ventyx, Mincom and ABB Network Control to create the world’s most complete industrial enterprise software and solution provider, backed by the global reach of ABB, that optimizes the assets and operations of customers in essential industries.

ABB Enterprise Software

Network Control Enterprise Software

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Over 1,100 customersGlobal leaders in asset and workforce intense industries

Energy and Utilities Mining

Public Infrastructure Oil, Gas Petrochemicals Government & Defense Telecom & Cable

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Very large real-time and historical data bases

and data acquisition volumes

Very high availability

ENTSOE and NERC cyber security compliance

Multiple languages and time zones

Multiple TSO and PX communications

Flexible system configuration, customization and

data engineering

Several hundreds of large systems delivered

worldwide

Major ABB development and engineering centers

in EU, NA, and IN

Focus on productized baseline software

developments

Network ManagerABB’s Platform for TSOs and large GenCos & DisCos

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Network Control EMS/GMS/DMS – our sites

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ABB Market Management System

Platform Modern, open, standards-based architecture

Message/web-services based

Latest standards in cyber security

Market Infrastructure Registration

e-Trading

Publishing

Market Applications Market Clearing & Congestion Management

Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) and Dispatch (SCED)

Financial Systems Settlements

Billing

End-to-End Solution for Central Markets

Interconnector ManagerRegistration

External InterfacesTrading

Market Time-line

ManagementReport Publishing

[ Market Infrastructure – MI ]

[ Market Applications – MA ]

Resource Dispatch

(RD)

Day-Ahead Market

(DAM)

Message Exchange

(MX)

Hour Ahead Market

(HAM)

Contract Management

(CM)

Real-Time Committment

(RTC)

Real-Time Dispatch

(RTD)

SCADA/EMS

[ Internet ][Participants ]

[ Market Operator ]

Interconnections

Outages &

Availability

System Forecasts

Other Systems

Settlements

Billing & Invoicing

Accounting & Bank

Transfers

Revenue Metering

and Meter Data

Managament

Solution Overview.vsd

Demand Forecast

(SDLF, LDP)

[Outage Scheduler – OS ]

Prudential Risk

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Market Clearing & Congestion Management

Support various market designs Centralized Dispatch, Balanced Schedule

Single MCP, Zonal or Nodal LMP

Provide solutions for all markets/operations - configurable

solutions based on SCUC and SCED engines: Day Ahead, Intra-Day, Real-Time

Configurable Advanced Security Constrained Scheduling Solutions

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Smart Grid Roadmap

Smart Grid

evolution

Time

AMI integration with operational system

Distribution Automation

Integration electric vehicles

Residential/Community Energy storage

Active houses

Demand Response

Environmental and energy efficient equipmentsHVDC Light® system

(FACTS) including SVC and STATCOMSubstation Automation with IEC61850

SVC Light® with Energy Storage

SCADA, EMS, DMS

Building and house control

Smart Grid

Smart Meters for billing

Integration large scale wind/solar farms

Pilots for energy storage, active houses, electric vehicles,

demand response, distribution automation, AMI integration

Shore to ship power

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Two complementary ABB Smart Grid R&D sites

Smart Grid sites:

Smart Grid Gotland

• A full scope ABB Rural Smart Grid with possibility

to study island operation.

• With 30% intermittent renewable production

it represents the challenge many regions

and countries will face in the future.

Stockholm Royal Seaport

• A full scope ABB Urban Smart Grid for

a sustainable city and harbor environment

• Focus on active consumers (residential and

harbor) and peak load reduction

With both these sites ABB can demonstrate

capability to solve the issues related to both

an urban and rural grid environment.

High level of international interest already shown

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Smart Grid Gotland – a fullscale test platform

Monitoring and control Active industries and

farms

Energy storage

Smart substations

Grid automation Active prosumers

HVDC link

Project targets:

1. Integration of wind power generation

2. Improved power quality

3. Active consumers

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Next Level Grid Supervision – sample Smart Grid business scenarios for transmission

Scenario # Name Metrics

1 Transformer Mode Switching

Optimization

Hourly Data

Daily Calculation

2 Voltage-Reactive Power

Optimization

15 mins/hourly data

Hourly calculation

3 Subscription Exceeding and

Demand Response

Hourly data

Hourly calculation

4 Congestions and DLR 15 mins/hourly data

Hourly calculation

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Next Level Grid Supervision – Smart Grid Approach

Operator/System user

comes to the officeSupervises current events Looks at future Events

Reacts to

current events

Checks and

plans for

predicted events

«Pro-acts» to predicted events

Adding pro-activity to the grid

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Smart Grid Applications - Voltage-Var Control

Performs optimization in real-time and

for future conditions using operational

schedules

Determines the optimal control

adjustments needed to correct

identified security violations

Optionally protects against critical

contingency cases

Supports controls and constraints

related to reactive power

VVC (Voltage-Var Control for Transmission)

will schedule power system voltage controls to

achieve a user-selected optimization objective

while ensuring that the system operating

constraints are not violated.

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Transformers can run in both single and parallel mode with losses depending on the load. In the future, with an increased amount of wind power in the network, the situation will be more volatile and we can foresee an increased number of switchings to be more optimal.

Predict the optimal operation mode for the transformers at each substation in order to minimize energy losses.

Dashboards with

configured alerts allow

to view the substations

where the operation

mode requires changes

to enable proactive

operation.

21 3Input Analysis Actions

Achieve:

Operational Performance

transformers are switched on/off twice a year todaywhen optimal # is around 10+

ACTION

INSIGHT Substations with 2

or 3 transformers

Load forecasting at system level, distribu- ted to substation level

Scada system with sub-transmission grid model

Scenario #1 – Substation Switching Optimization

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Next Level Grid Supervision – Predictive Alarms

Predicted

Alarms

Predicted

Events

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Next Level Grid Supervision – Optimal Switching

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This scenario focuses on optimizing the reactive power flow and voltage in the HV network to minimize the expected power losses.

Continuous calculation of losses for alternative operation of capacitors and reactors.

Control that the loss levels remain within the thresholds.

Dashboards with

configured alerts will

display some

operation guidelines

when Voltage/reactive

power is predicted to

cross the limits.

21 3Input Analysis Actions

Achieve:

Operational Performance

Proactive operation of capacitors and reactors in the network

Load forecasting at zone level.

Scada system modeling the sub-transmission network to calculate voltage at each station.

ACTION

INSIGHT

Scenario #2 – Voltage/Reactive Power Optimization

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Distribution Network Operators (DNO) can look at demand response for load peak shaving at specific locations in the grid in order to lower TSO subscription penalty fees.

Compute the impact of each customers at the substations in a meshed network.

Select the optimal set of customer to call for the DR event

Dashboards notify in

advance which

customers the DSO

must call in order to

minimize the costs

during the time of peak

exceeding

Industrial customers with alternative boilers of up to 15MW

21 3Input Analysis Actions

Achieve:

Operational Performance:

Proactive operation

Increase operator’s efficiency

Algorithms+

Automation

ACTION

INSIGHT

Scada + forecasting system to predict subscription exceeding

Scenario #3 – Subscription Peak Exceeding

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Transmission line can be equipped with Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) system to measure congestion level and dispatch load excess. This scenario looks at alleviating the congestion in transmission lines based on forecasts.

Compute the line transfer capacity in a similar way as the DLR but based on wind generation forecast.

Assess forecast

quality against DLR

measurements

Display control

recommendations to

manage the

congestion at the

connection line.

21 3Input Analysis Actions

Achieve:

Operational Performance

Experience for future projects.

Introduce monitoring and DLR system in a more structured way in the future based on lessons from the DLR.

ACTION

INSIGHT connection lines

with DLR system.

Wind farm generation forecasting

Scenario #4 – Dynamic Line Rating

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Next Level Grid Supervision – Smart Grid Approach

The Challenges

The Solution

Meshed network that includes portions of HV grid

Time consuming grid monitoring and supervision,

critical decisions taken in real time

Complex market setup

Reliable Load and Renewable Generation forecast

is one of the enablers for a next-generation Grid

Control Center

SCADA/EMS allows to simulate future grid

behavior and events in order to anticipate potential

critical events and plan for corrective actions in

advance

Demand Response is used as one of the corrective

tools

Smart Grid Intelligence used as the user interface

to handle predicted alarms

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Synchrophasor Applications

Phasor-Enhanced State Estimator

Phasor-Enhanced Voltage Stability Monitor

Visualization / Situational Awareness

Post-Event Analysis

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PMU Deployment - Placement Criteria

Critical interfaces and control area ties & zonal tie lines

Generating stations above certain level (500 MW)

Wind power plants above certain level (100 MW)

Major load centers

Thermal & voltage constraint

Power system stabilizer location

Phase angle regulator location

FACTS devices

Future wind installations

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SCADA/GMS ApplicationsAutomatic Generation Control

• Scheduled Plant

Outputs (Forecasts)

• Participation

Factors ISO• AGC Setpoints

• Current

Generation

• Available Capacity

• Meteorological

Data

• Planned Outages

• Start/Stop

Controls

• P Setpoints

• Q/V Setpoints

Plant SCADA

Power Plant Controller

SCADA/GMS

AGCControl

Area

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ENTSO-E Compliance - AGC Block Control

Hierarchical Mode

Local TSO is the

Block Leader

Extern

TSO

Control Block

TSO2

Local Area AGCBlock Area

AGC

Extern

TSO

Control Block

TSO1

Extern TSO

Extern

TSO

Extern

TSO

BCB * ∆f

INTACTCB

INTSCHCBFilt +

PI

FACT

Loc TSO

FACTTSO1

FACTTSO2

BCETSO1

(ICCP)

BCETSO2

(ICCP)

U

U

U

BCE

Local TSO

Part of Block Area

Local TSO

Local

Area

BCELocTS

O

ACELocTSO

Filt +

PIΣ

Croatia

Hungary

Bosnia

Herzegovina

SerbiaSloveniaItaly

Austria

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Implementation

Monitoring and control of wind farms at the wind turbine level

Automatic Generation Control at the wind farm level

Common, single view of different technologies

Monitoring of actual vs. predicted, contracted production

Dispatch (AGC) and TSO communications

Challenges

Very large amount of generating units

Non-standardized naming, data acquisition, etc.

Centralized Wind Power Management

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Voltage and Var Optimization (VVO) for DMS

Optimizes the energy delivery efficiency on distribution systems

Minimize losses

Minimize demand

Real-time application within NM DMS

The function simultaneously:

Solves power flow

Moves controlled equipment to:

Optimize objective

Reduce network violations

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Controls for VVO

Substation voltage regulating transformers

Feeder voltage regulators

Substation and feeder switchable capacitors

Thank You