Recent Activities of Nuclear Data Physics Centre of...

ANDRW3 , Pohang, Korea, August 27–29, 2012

Reactor Physics Design Division

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India

[email protected]

Recent Activities of Nuclear Data Physics Centre of India (NDPCI)

P.D. Krishnani


Resource Quantity (tonne)

(Indicative)

Uranium 61,000

Thorium 225,000

Uranium resource is just about 1% of that of the world

Thorium resource among the largest in the world

• India is at a take-off stage of utilizing nuclear energy

India’s Nuclear Energy Programme

Adoption of closed fuel cycle with breeding

Use of the fertile thorium resource

Use of thorium has to begin well before using up the uranium

resource


Overview of three stage nuclear programme

Use the limited uranium

resource in PHWRs

- Inherent neutron economy

advantage

- Higher Pu production & Pu

fissile content

Use the discharged

plutonium in fast reactors to

breed fissile materials

Use the breeder reactors in

(232Th-233U) cycle


India’s Nuclear Energy Programme

Thermal Reactors

PHWRs (18 units operating, 4 under construction)

BWRs (2 units operating)

VVER (2 units almost ready)

Fast Reactors

Fast Breeder Test Reactor (Operating since 1985)

Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (Advanced stage of

construction)

Advanced Reactors Under Design Stage

Advanced Heavy Water Reactor

Compact High Temperature Reactor

Innovative High Temperature Reactor


• 2 x 160 MWe BWR at Tarapur 1&2

• 1 x 100 MWe PHWR at Rawatbhata

• 1 x 200 MWe PHWR at Rawatbhata

• 2 x 170 MWe PHWR at Kalpakkam 1&2

• 2 x 220 MWe PHWR at Narora 1&2

• 2 x 220 MWe PHWR at Kakarapara 1&2

• 4 x 220 MWe PHWR at Kaiga 1,2,3&4

• 4 x 220 MWe PHWR at Rawatbhata 3-6

• 2 x 540 MWe PHWR at Tarapur 3 & 4

Total Power Production : 4780 MWe

INDIAN NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME -STAGE 1

2 x 700 MWe PHWR at Kakrapar 3&4

2 x 700 MWe PHWR at Rawatbhata 7&8

2x1000 MWe VVER at Kudankulam

Under Construction

Under Operation


FAST BREEDER REACTORS

FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR AT KALPAKKAM

40 MWth FBTR is operating at IGCAR, Kalpakkam since 1985

500 MWe PFBR under construction at Kalpakkam by BHAVINI


Nuclear data plays an important role in the design of

Advanced Reactors

To cater to various needs of department, the Nuclear

Data Physics Centre of India (NDPCI) was formed

which has been successful in pursuing all aspects of

nuclear data, viz., measurements, analysis,

compilation and evaluation involving national

laboratories and universities in India

Nuclear Data Physics Centre of India (NDPCI)


To generate, award and monitor projects of importance in nuclear

data physics for the Indian nuclear programmes, in the leading

national universities and R&D labs. (Develop a broader base)

To develop/build required assets (in terms of facilities, equipment,

softwares, etc.) in DAE and in Universities

To develop skilled human resource for nuclear data physics activities

under NDPCI by way of their direct participation in the R&D activities

and by participation in national/international activities. (To take up

independent programmes)

Objectives of NDPCI


Programme Review Committee (PRC)

Chairman: S. Kailas, Director, Physics Group

+ 10 Members

Programme Implementation Committee (PIC)

Chairman: P.D. Krishnani, Head, Reactor Physics Design Division

+ 15 Members

Framework of NDPCI


The broad terms of reference of PRC

Decide on the overall policy matters and provide policy framework for the

smooth working of the Centre

Chalk out a road map, near term and long term on various aspects of

nuclear data physics activities including international collaborations.

Provide policy guidelines for purchases, expenditure and appointments of

project staff within the broad framework of BARC rules and regulations

Review and approve plans for the development of facilities /equipments /

softwares etc. as proposed by the PIC

Monitor physical and financial progress of the programme and forward

progress report to NR&FC Committee of the BRNS yearly

To advise PIC on topics of interest for conducting national/international

meetings, workshops, etc.

To ensure fulfillment of broad objectives of the Centre and effective

utilization of funds Monitor the progress of the ongoing projects and

recommend their renewal/termination to PRC


The broad terms of reference of PIC

Encourage, generate, review and recommend collaborative R&D

projects in the relevant areas, for the approval of PRC

Monitor the progress of the ongoing projects and recommend their

renewal/termination to PRC

Organize DAE-BRNS Theme meetings, national and international

meetings

Propose to PRC the staff appointments and exchange visits of Indian

and foreign faculty for the benefit of growth of NDPCI growth

Recommend and propose to PRC the names of experts for

participation in international workshops, conferences and

collaborations

Act on the advice of PRC on the issues such as development of

facilities/equipment/softwares, etc.

Submit quarterly physical/financial progress report to the PRC


Activities such as the following to be pursued by NDPCI

Organize theme meetings and national conferences on nuclear data physics

Provide support for joint experiments and development of computer programmes

interfacing with nuclear databases.

Provide support to advanced reactor applications to enable use of updated nuclear

data

Provide fellowships to visiting research students and internships to summer students

of Post Graduate and Undergraduate level.

Coordinate experimental and theoretical programmes on nuclear data physics

involving IAEA Nuclear data Section and be a single window from India for all its

nuclear data physics activities as required by the IAEA-NDS

Coordinate experimental and theoretical programmes on nuclear data physics

involving international formal [e.g, CERN n_TOF – BARC MOU programme] and

informal [e.g, Korea informal collaborations] collaborations

NDPCI can help to form useful local neutron data centres in Universities and Institutes

on a coordinated programme mode. (IIT R, PU etc)


Linkages of NDPCI with DAE Units and Universities

NDPCI has been very successful to bring people in various fields from BARC, IGCAR, VECC etc. and students and staff from various Universities across India. A very unique activity. Both experimentalists and theoreticians are being covered.


Financial Outlay for three years (year wise)

Sr. No. Description of Head under which grant will be utilised

1st year

2nd year

3rd year

1

Support to Collaborative R&D projects

( includes consumables, staff salary, travel,

contingency and overheads)

45.00

60.00

60.00

2

Procurement of equipment, softwares, NDPCI

website development, etc. (for the Centre)

35.00

20.00

20.00

3

Conduct of Training Programmes

(4 per year)

4.00

4.00

4.00

4

Payment of Fellowships/Honorarium to research

staff, visiting faculty

4.00

4.00

4.00

`

5

Travel ( national 40 %) and international 60 % )

10.00

10.00

10.00

6

Contingency

2.00

2.00

2.00

Total (in unit of Rs 100000)

100.00 100.00 100.00


The second DAE-BRNS Workshop on “Covariance error matrix

and its applications in reactor fuel cycle and technology", November 29 - Dec. 3, 2010, Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.-PARTIALLY FUNDED BY HOST was very successful.

Dr. Peter Schillibecx from IRRM, Belgium, Prof. Leeb of Vienna, Hiroshi NOTO,

Japan, O. Cabellos, Spain, M. Lee, Korea were among the speakers in this workshop.

Conducted detailed presentations, lectures and discussions in

the field of variance-covariance matrix of nuclear data for nuclear system applications

Second DAE-BRNS Workshop on “Covariance error matrix and its applications in reactor fuel cycle and technology”


A phenomenally successful meeting; more than 80 Indian new EXFOR entries into the IAEA database FACULTY: S. Dunaeva (Ex-IAEA), Russia and Prof. N. Otsuka from IAEA PARTCIPANTS: 70 scientists from various institutes of India attended; covering a wide geographical scope, as well as scientific career profiles, from graduate students to several distinguished senior professors. See: http://physics.puchd.ac.in/events/exfor2011/ THEME Every day after 1 – 2 lectures participants made compilation to EXFOR in small groups

on 20 PCs and additionally on 15 laptops. The identification for coding into EXFOR of all the suitable Indian articles published in the literature was done in consultation with and by the IAEA-NDS staff.

• This process is continuing even after the workshop as many scientists and students are

following up the EXFOR compilation activities after the Chandigarh meeting • Prof. Svetlana also visited VECC , BARC for training and interaction related EXFOR

compilations • India successfully contributed more than 200 EXFOR entries (See: http://www-

nds.iaea.org/nrdc/india/) • Increasing visibility to India’s nuclear physics experiments and data generated in Indian experiments.

The 4th DAE-BRNS Theme Meeting on EXFOR Compilation of nuclear data, (April 4– 8, 2011), Punjab University, Chandigarh

http://physics.puchd.ac.in/events/exfor2011/

http://physics.puchd.ac.in/events/exfor2011/

http://www-nds.iaea.org/nrdc/india/





Extracts from this website http://www-nds.iaea.org/nrdc/india/

as on 14th Sept 2011 are shown below and in the next few slides

ANDRW3 , Pohang, Korea, August 27–29, 2012 http://www-nds.iaea.org/nrdc/india/


A theme meeting on nuclear reaction data evaluation was held at the Homi Bhabha National Institute in Mumbai during 13-17 February 2012.

Theme meeting on nuclear reaction data evaluation

EMPIRE 3.1 GANDR FACULTY R. CAPOTE ANDREJ TRKOV


•MAY 2010, IAEA-NDS, VIENNA, EXFOR WORKSHOP (S.V. Surayanarayana and H. Naik participated)

•AASPP-1, 2010, Hokkaido University: Attended by S. Ganesan, Devesh Raj, Paresh Prajapati and H. Naik.

•May 2011, IAEA-NDS, VIENNA, EXFOR WORKSHOP (Sarbjit Singh and Megha Bhike participated.)

•Anek Kumar (BARC) and G. Pandikumar (IGCAR) had participated in Neutron

Resonance Analysis School 2011 organized by EC-JRC-IRMM in Geel, Belgium

from November 13 to November 18, 2011.

•AASPP-2: 2011: Beijing, China: Attended by H. Naik, Dr. M. Balasubramaniam and S. Ganesan

•ANDRW-3: August 2012, Pohang, Korea. We have 4 delegates from India (P.D.

Krishnani, B. Lalremruata, R. Ghosh, Sylvia Badwar)

Participation in International Workshops


1. Special Project under Nuclear data Physics Centre of India entitled, “EXFOR

COMPILATION OF NUCLEAR REACTION DATA” Sanctioned by DAE-

BRNS to North Eastern University, Shillong Prof. (Mrs.) B. Jyrwa, Rs

8,15000/- for two years

Two Project assistants Ms. Rituparna Ghosh and Ms. Sylvia Badegar were

recruited by NEHU for a 2-year period on contract. (Interacted with IAEA experts

at VECC, Chandigarh meeting)

2. Another project being processed involves B. Lalremruata from Mizoram

university as principal investigator which will include EXFOR compilation in

addition to nuclear data measurements and evaluation.

3. Another project has been written up and submitted to BRNS for funding

under NDPCI by Prof. Sudipta Narayan Roy, for a project in Vishva-Bharati University, Shantiniketan for Rs 9.11 lakhs for two years

We are evolving a mechanism to coordinate the EXFOR compilation activities with IAEA-NDS

DAE-BRNS projects for EXFOR


• “Establishing methodology and evaluation of Indian nuclear data file for a few selected neutron induced nuclear reactions including covariance error matrix for applications to advanced nuclear systems in India”

Project proposal from Manipal university in proposal stage

• Phase-I of DAE-BRNS nuclear data covariance project (2007-2011) successfully completed at the Statistics Department, Manipal University. Project closed.

DAE-BRNS project contd…..


• The NDPCI project by Prof. A.K. Jain (IIT-R) “Improved Nuclear Structure and Decay Data for Nuclear Models in the Heavy Nuclides Region” has been formulated, processed and sanctioned. (Rs 25 lakhs) for three years

Nuclear Structure and Decay Data evaluation activity is being carried out at IIT Roorkee since 2003 under the auspices of IAEA. New detection arrays and new accelerators in India and abroad have made it possible to reach regions of high spin and high excitation and obtain accurate data even for nuclei far from the stability. Large amount of such data are being accumulated which need systematic evaluation and standardization. The project aims at compilation and evaluation of recent data, and carry out fresh evaluation primarily in the mass region 218 to 229.

DAE-BRNS project contd…..


Principal Investigator

Dr. M. Balasubramaniam Assistant Professor Department of Physics Bharathiar University

NDPCI DAE-BRNS Project in Bharatihar University

“Studies on nuclear fission reaction process with orientation to nuclear data needs of India’s advanced reactor programme”

Principal Collaborator

Dr. S. Ganesan, RPDD, BARC

Co- Collaborators from BARC

Dr. Alok Saxena, NPD, BARC Dr. H. Naik, RCD, BARC Dr. V. Gopalakrishnan, IGCAR

Project Sanction No. 2009/36/40-BRNS/1691 dated 17/09/2009


DAE-BRNS Project in GJUST, Hisar

• “Theoretical simulation of induced activity and production cross section of radionuclides in neutron and charged particle induced reactions”, Principle Investigator: Dr. Sneh Lata Goel, GJUST, Hisar

Project in progress. Total budget 14.5 lakhs for three years.

• The project is aimed to understand the reaction mechanism in high energy neutron and charged particle bombardment of various target nuclei. The fast reactor, ITER and ADSS programmes require the cross section data in the energy range to be studied in this project.


INTERNET

IAEA Main Server

in Vienna

Public Client

NDS Mirror

Site in INDIA

IAEA NDS MIRROR SITE SET-UP

www-

nds.indcentre.org.in

2Mbps

Link

www-

nds.iaea.org

Daily

Updates

The online nuclear data services (http://www-nds.indcentre.org.in/) mirror the

nuclear data website of the Nuclear Data Section of the International Atomic

Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna (http://www-nds.iaea.org).

Under this arrangement, online-updating every 12 hours is performed in the mirror

with the IAEA website through a 2MB direct link. The server is being maintained by

BARC Computer Division - with manpower and machinery. It offers faster

downloads.

Indian Mirror Website for online nuclear data services of IAEA

http://www-nds.iaea.org/




Indian experimental criticality benchmarks

Preparation of integral Indian experimental criticality benchmarks for integral nuclear data validation studies. (KAMINI, PURNIMA-II benchmarks has been completed and accepted by the US-DOE). PURNIMA-I benchmarking in final stage of progress.

Nuclear data sets are being used for reactor sensitivity studies –AHWR, CHTR (RPDD, BARC); Fast Reactors (IGCAR), ITER-Test Blanket Module & Indian Fusion Reactors (IPR and BARC).


CERN n_TOF collaboration (Geneva)

• MOU was signed in Nov., 2008 for Indian particpation n_tof experiments in phase II

• Main Objectives: (1) neutron cross section measurements for nuclear astrophysics, (2) nuclear data measurements for advanced nuclear technologies and nuclear waste transmutation, and (3) neutron cross section measurements for basic nuclear physics.

• Mr. Devesh Raj of RPDD participated in the n_tof experiments in 2010

Mr. Pandikumar of IGCAR was expected to participate in 2011

Dr. Alok Saxena and Mr. AK Mallick will participate in experiments on September 1-15, 2012


Proton beam

Li foil

Thick Ta foil

Neutrons

Flange Th wrapped with Al

2.1 cm Thin tantalum Wrapping foil

Publication

Sadhana Mukerji, H. Naik, S.V. Suryanarayana, S. Chachara, B.S. Shivashankar, V. Mulik, Rita Crasta, Sudipta Samanta, B.K. Nayak, A. Saxena, S.C. Sharma, P.V. Bhagwat, K.K. Rasheed, R.N. Jindal, S. Ganesan, A. Goswami and P.D. Krishnani, ” Measurement of 232Th(n,γ) and 232Th(n,2n) cross-sections at

neutron energies of 13.5, 15.5 and 17.28 MeV using neutron activation techniques”, PRAMANA , Vol 79 No.2 Page 149-162. www.spingerlink.com/article id= DOI:10.1007/S12043-012-0299-0

Measurement of 232Th(n,γ), (n,2n) and 238U(n,γ), (n,2n) Reaction Cross Sections

------------------------------------------------------------------ Neutron Energy Cross section (mb) (MeV) Experimental ENDF/B-VII JENDL-4.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 232Th(n, γ) 13.5± 0.35 1.052±0.166 1.212-1.147 1.398-1.136

15.5± 0.5 0.701 ±0.171 0.769-0.479 0.962-0.773

17.28 ± 0.35 0.503 ±0.141 0.350-0.262 0.692-0.556

232Th(n, 2n) 17.28 ± 0.35 656 ± 99 436-354 676-533

------------------------------------------------------------------

232Th(n,γ), (n,2n) and 238U(n,γ), (n,2n) Reaction Cross Sections measurements

were carried out using BARC-TIFR Pelletron Linac Facility at average neutron

energies of 5, 13.5, 15.5 and 17.28 MeV from the 7Li(p, n) reaction.

The measurements were carried out reaction using activation and off-line γ-ray

spectrometric technique

http://www.spingerlink.com/article


• Dr. H. Naik has carried out measurements at electron LINAC in Pohang, South Korea.

• Ms Megha Bhike, Ph.D Student in NPD, BARC from Mumbai University has completed her thesis work on nuclear data work using BARC-TIFR pelletron facility.

• Dr. Harphool Kumawat has carried out measurements at FOTIA about neutron flux using 7Li(p,n) reaction.

Other Nuclear Data experiments and measurements


Time of Flight Spectra

En

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Co

un

ts

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

2D Graph 5

Incident Neutron Energy0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Effic

ien

cy

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Monte-Carlo Simulation

Present Work, (BaF2-Start)

Present Work, (Fission Detector-Start)

PSD vs Pulse Height

Neutron energy spectra

Charcterization of Neutron Detectors with 252Cf source

We have procured 20 neutron detectors of 5”x2” size and have been characterized using

252Cf source and the neutron detection efficiency have been determined.


Uncertainty analysis for AHWR fuel

• Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is important for

estimating the design safety margins

• AHWR fuelled with (Th,LEU) taken up for this study – Reference fuel refers to average properties

• The uncertainties accounted for are – sensitivity to nuclear data (~10% in calculated CVR, 4% in FTC),

– sensitivity to modelling (172 group simulations gives 25% deviations in

CVR),

– uncertainties in fuel pellet properties like pellet diameter (~11%,)

– fuel density and enrichments. (~7%)

• AHWR: Low Enriched Uranium Core

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

De

via

tio

n m

k

172 groups

JENDL-3.2

ENDF/B-VII.0

LEU content

+0.05%LEU content

-0.05%

Pellet d

ia

9.7 mm

Pellet d

ia

9.6 mm

Fuel density

9.5 g/cc

Deviations are shown w.r.t to the refernce case

Fuel density

9.4 g/cc

Uncertainty in coolant void reactiivty coeffiicent

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

De

via

tio

n m

k

172 groups

JENDL-3.2

ENDF/B-V

II.0

LEU content

-0.05%LEU content

+0.05%

Pelle

t dia

9.7 mm

Pellet d

ia

9.6 mm

Uncertainty in fuel temperature reactivity

Fuel density

9.5 g/cc

Fuel density

9.4 g/cc

AHWR (Th,LEU) fuel cluster

Umasankari Kannan, Anek Kumar, Neelima Prasad Pushpam, P.D.Krishnani and R.K.Sinha, “Uncertainty analysis for

safety parameters in thorium-LEU fuelled Advanced Heavy Water Reactor” Paper submitted to J. of Science and

Technology for Nuclear Installations (Hindawi Publications), Special Issue.


Fission spectrum for Thorium fuel cycle

Review of the fission spectrum for use in thorium fuelled systems like AHWR •The fission spectra as given in the multi-group

library of WIMS Library Update Project (WLUP) is

based in U-Pu systems and is computed with

weights of 54%, 8% and 38% for 235U, 238U and 239Pu respectively.

•The modified fission spectra for AHWR using the

thorium fuel cycle has been computed by

averaging over isotopes spectra of 233U, 239Pu and 241Pu with weights 65%, 27% and 8%,

respectively.

•Efforts are also on to generate the fission

spectrum of individual actinides in tandem with

lattice codes. The effective fission spectrum due to

all actinides is being calculated from at each

burnup step and updated.

Anek Kumar and S. Ganesan, “Fission Neutron Spectrum Sensitivity Study for the Case of

Advanced Heavy Water Reactor”, in press J. Nucl. Science and Engineering.

Plot of the revised fission spectrum w.r.t to the

original used in WIMSD library


Development of the code for retrieving the point wise

nuclear physics data for Monte Carlo codes

Comparison of the retrieved point-wise data with

SIGACE

• The ACE format as used by Monte Carlo codes is

complicated.

• A program to read the ACE format for use in

Monte Carlo simulations has been developed.

• Several interpolation subroutines have been

developed to calculate the corresponding energy-

dependent cross sections.

• The nuclear data code for Monte Carlo application

has also been updated with different laws used to

represent the energy distribution for reaction

producing secondary neutrons.

• The retrieved ACE format data has been

converted to the standard ENDF format to check

for consistency.

Anek Kumar, S. Ganesan, Umasankari Kannan and P.D. Krishnani, “Development of a Code for

Retrieving the Nuclear Data for Monte Carlo simulations”, paper submitted to NSR-19 to be held in

Chennai , during September 27-29, 2012

Comparison of the retrieved point-wise data with corresponding ENDF/B-VI.8 library


• Procurement of gamma spectrometry system for dedicated use by NDPCI

at Rs. 40 lakhs in 2011-12 is foreseen.

• Measurement of prompt neutron spectra for 232Th(n,f)

• A project “Development of a modern computer code with up-to-date databases to estimate the inventory and radioactivity of actinides and fission products during various stages of nuclear fuel cycle” has been submitted to NDPCI; PC: R. Srivenkatesan

• Recruitment of students, post-docs, trainees has been proposed.

• Web-design for NDPCI are in formulation stage.

• The next Indian EXFOR compilation workshop is planned for february,

2013. It will be held at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

• A workshop on surrogate reaction is proposed by Dr. Surjit Mukherjee of

Baroda University

• A 4-day workshop on ENSDF (Experimental nuclear structure and decay

data) Evaluation at VECC, Kolkata during November 26 - 29, 2012.

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