Physical Exercise-Induced Cardiovascular Adjustments Are ...
Recap on the cardiovascular system and its response to exercise.
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Transcript of Recap on the cardiovascular system and its response to exercise.
Recap on the cardiovascular system and its response to
exercise
The function of the circulatory system
The circulatory system has three major function: Transport
Moving things around the body in the blood stream such as oxygen and nutrients like glucose.
Body temperature control Thermoregulation, moving blood near the skin cools down the
body. That’s why you look redder when you exercise heavily.
Protection Moving anti-bodies around the body fighting diseases and clotting
cuts.
The structure of the heart
Oxygenated blood = more oxygen.
Found in arteries and arterioles
Normally red in colour
Deoxygenated blood = no oxygen
Found in the veins and venules
Normally blue in colour
The cardiovascular system: HEART
Structure of the Heart Surrounded by sac known as the pericardium,
which prevents friction as the heart beats. Heart wall is made of:
– Epicardium (outer layer)– Myocardium (strong middle layer)– Endocardium (inner layer)
Right separated from left by the Septum
Strokes of the heart
Heart rate = how many times your heart beats (normally in one minute, BPM)
Stroke volume = blood pumped per beat. Cardiac output = blood pumped per minute
– Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate
Task
Calculate a persons cardiac output when stroke volume = 10ml Heart rate = 78 BPM Cardiac output = ?
Circuits of the body
There are two circuits of the body you need to know:
Systemic Carries blood around the body via the transport system
supplying the major organs and muscles with blood.
Pulmonary Consists of the heart and lungs, deoxygenated from the
heart to the lungs to be oxygenated. The oxygenated blood then goes back to the heart to be pumped around the body.
Blood Flow Through the Heart
1. Vena Cava – Superior/Inferior
2. Right Atrium
3. Tricuspid Valve
4. Right ventricle
5. Pulmonary Artery
LUNGS
Blood Flow Through the Heart
6. Pulmonary veins
7. Left Atrium
8. Bicuspid/Mitral/Atrioventricular valve
9. Left Ventricle
10. Aorta
MAJOR ORGANS
Control of the Heart
Initial Stimulus originates in the Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Pacemaker determines heart rate Wave of excitation across both atria causes
them to contract
Control of the Heart
Sinoventricular node (SV node) Both atria and both ventricles contract at the
same time Systole-contraction of heart Diastole-Relaxation/filling of the heart
Blood vessels
There are three types of blood vessels you need to know:
Arteries Veins Capillaries
Types of Blood VesselsTypes of Blood Vessels
ArteryArtery
VenuoleVenuole
VeinVein
ArterioleArteriole
CapillaryCapillary
Arteries
Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (the pulmonary artery brings blood to the heart!!)
They have thick strong elastic walls.
Small arteries are called arterioles.
Veins
Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (the pulmonary vein carries blood away from the heart!!).
The veins have thinner walls as the blood pressure is lower.
Veins have valves that keep blood flowing in the right direction.
Small veins are called venules.
Capillaries
Carry digested foods and oxygen directly to the tissue.
Take away waste products of the body.
Very small and vary in size.
How it works!!
Heart Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Gas exchange Venules Veins Heart
Blood flow through the heart
Warm-up questions
How many circuits are there in the circulatory system?
What type of blood is carried back to the heart? Which type of blood vessel carries blood away
from the heart? Which type of blood cell carries oxygen? Which type of blood cell fights diseases?
Changes in heart rate during exercise
There is a anticipatory rise due to hormonal action.
Then there is a sharp rise due to stimuli and hormonal response.
The heart rate steadies off during constant maximal exercise (heart rate max)
Changes in the respiratory
Tidal volume increases. Residual volume
increases. Breathing rate and the
volume of oxygen consumed is increased due to the onset of lactic acid.
Adaptations to the body over long periods of exercise.
Increase in the number of capillaries.
Increase in the efficiency of gaseous exchange.
Lower resting heart rate.