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Re-Defining Re-Defining Education ThroughEducation Through E-Technologies & E-Technologies &
Innovative Innovative PedagogiesPedagogiesOlugbemiro Jegede
Secretary to the Government of Kogi StateOlugbemiro Jegede
Secretary to the Government of Kogi StateEmail: [email protected],[email protected],
bbm pin:765E92E4
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Olugbemiro JegedeOlugbemiro Jegede
Collateral Learning and the Eco-Cultural Paradigm in Science and Mathematics Education in Africa
http://www.olugbemirojegede.com
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Pleased to be Here Thanks to the Vice Chancellor, Prof Joseph Ajienka for the
warm reception. Commend his giant strides towards excellence.
Gratitude to NAEMT and Prof Awotua-Efebo for the invitation; instinctive response as a teacher, teacher educator and e-learning & e-technology enthusiast .
Conversation is to create an awareness, sensitise us all in navigating the issue of technologies in teaching and learning.
No more within the Ivory Tower now a public servant. Need restrain not be quoted wrongly.
Will be constructive and use as basis major commentaries by others.
Apologies if your expectations are not met
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FocusIntroductionEducation and DevelopmentUse of Technologies in EducationGlobal Best PracticesOpen Technologies for 21st Century7th Generation of TechnologiesIssues & ChallengesThe FutureConclusion
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Dream with GodDream with God "So, you would like to "So, you would like to interview me?" God asked.interview me?" God asked.
"If you have the time," He said."If you have the time," He said.
God smiled. "My time is God smiled. "My time is eternity; what questions do youeternity; what questions do you
have in mind to ask me?”have in mind to ask me?”
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GOD ANSWERED...
""What surprises you What surprises you most about most about
NigeriansNigerians?..."?..."
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“That by thinking anxiously about the future, they forget the present, such
that they live in neither the present
nor the future.”
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Obstacles to DevelopmentGoldman Sachs ranks Nigeria as one of N11
countries with great potential.Why can’t we turn this to positive end?Federal Government has identified the
obstacles:history of economic stagnation, declining
welfare and social instability for past 30 years.
In spite of our resource endowment & potential for growth, our visioning have not been sustained.
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“Where there is no vision, the people perish..” Prov 29:18
What Vision?
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Madiba says:
Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to
change the world”
Nelson Mandela
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Security and Fairness‘human history becomes more and
more a race between education and catastrophe’ (HG Wells)
‘human insecurity comes in many forms. The most basic and lethal are illiteracy and innumeracy’ (Amartya Sen)
‘only the well educated will be able to act effectively in the Information Society’ (Michael Barber)
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Indices of
Illiteracy
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Education:
Our Today and
the Future
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Education & Development
All countries have demonstrated an irrevocable and unwavering commitment to education as tool for national and personal development.
They also regard the pursuit of education as an inalienable right of every citizen.
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Education for AllUN Human Rights Charter (Dec
10, 1948) article 26 deals with the right to education by all
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
eradication of illiteracy, poverty, hunger
create intellectual connection to reality
use education as cornerstone of development
promote human security and fairness
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Goals of Educationsustainable development
highly educated, mobile and adaptable workforce
multi-skilled and multi-tasked
a knowledge and a learning society
use of ecological and geographical conditions to a nation’s advantage
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Boom &Challenges to HE in AfricaExpanding access
Improving qualityEnsuring equityEnormous and urgent need to continuously
train and refresh knowledge and skills Dwindling strategic funding supportObsolete curriculaDilapidated infrastructure
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Impact of Challengesimpact is particularly pronounced in
Africa with ONE Billion people:with the world’s highest illiteracy rates
lowest participation rates
huge capacity development needs
10million seeking employment annually
60% of the unemployed are youth, and
a massive demand for tertiary education.
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Role of Higher EducationKey to diversify growing economiesKnowledge and skills are critical to growth and
development in the 21st CBuilding human resource baseProducing employable graduates and
professionalsSeeking greater participation from private sectorUsage as driver of the EFA and MDG goalsCombat diseases, reduce energy costs and
address climate change
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In the Beginning…
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Higher Education in Africa A series of reports by several commissions
(including: Ashby, Phelps-Stokes, De La Warr, Channon, Elliot, Asquith), University Colleges emerged in Africa.
The University College of Ghana in October 1948 with 92 students using the £1M from the Cocoa Marketing Board.
The University College, Ibadan opened in January 1948 with 148 students
The Khartoum University College opened in 1947
University College of Makerere opened in 1949 for East Africa
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Rise to ExcellenceBefore and after Independence, African
Universities had excellent facilitiesProduced outstanding achievements in
research, teaching and community serviceGraduates competed globally with products
of Europe and American universitiesAfrican govts accepted and invested in HE
as necessary foundation for developmentGoals were modernisation of the social,
economic and political institutions
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The Collapse of Educational
System?
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Things Fell Apart Govts, especially the military detested academic
freedom, university autonomy, demonstrations. Brutal clamp down on campus riots. Military
raped and killed students in Zaire (1992), Burkina Faso (1987) Niger (1989) Cote D’Ivoire (1992) Kenya (1992), Nigeria (1973).
Damaging effects of the 1988 World Bank report on the Education in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Jomtien WCE for All (1990) and Dakar WEF (2000) on Basic education.
Civil wars – Liberia, Ethiopia, Somalia, Eriteria, Rwanda, Burundi, Namibia, South Africa and Nigeria
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Effects on Higher Education
Establishment of universities stopped abruptly.
Sharp diminishing financial resources.Physical, managerial and intellectual
dilapidation.No more production of human
resources to develop Africa.Flight of the best brains to safe and
greener pastures.
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Effects on Higher Education2Dwindling provision of funds to HEUncontrolled proliferation of for-profit
universitiesHuge unmet demand in HEObsolete curricula Inability to meet the skills demanded by the
private sector Inability to address balance between
enrolment and quality of educationUncertainty about what HE means to Africa in
the 21st C
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Brain Drain
Only 30 % of Africans studying abroadreturn to the region after graduation - Jamil Salmi
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Emerging Global HE Landscape
Knowledge economy is the in-thing
Knowledge capability and capacity, knowledge resources, not natural resources, greatest determinant of a country’s entry into and effective participation in global competitiveness
With lessons from emerging economies (Brazil, India and China), higher education must focus on local relevance, sustainable total development and social justice
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From Oil or Braun to BrainTo make the transition to a knowledge
economy, that will create jobs and reduce poverty, we must make appropriate investments in:
Knowledge as embodied in human brain (human capital)
Effective and world class institutions, Relevant technologies, and Innovative and competitive enterprises
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Global Best Practices[GBP]
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understanding principlesunderstanding principles
Wise Society
DataData UnderstandingUnderstanding
Context Context independenceindependence
informationinformation
knowledgeknowledge
wisdomwisdom
[Adapted from Bellinger 1999][Adapted from Bellinger 1999]
understanding patternsunderstanding patterns
understanding relationsunderstanding relations
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00 SpatialSpatial
TemporalTemporal
Flexibility in time, space, contentFlexibility in time, space, contentNon formal
Formal
Informal
Adult
Home
School
Work
Retire
Self-directed learningSelf-directed learning
Sharing with othersSharing with others
Varied learning stylesVaried learning styles
Learning SocietyLearning Society
Diversity of Learning Spaces
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Indices of Best
Practices
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Indices of GBPStrategic plan
Entrenched Quality Assurance and sticking to standards
Meritocracy & Excellence
Forging a Close-knit professional, academic, cultural Community; Involving Students in all aspects of the institution
Top-notch academic and managerial staff
No or minimum disruption of academic year
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Teaching & LearningHighly qualified academic staff and
continuous staff developmentQuality teachingA good mix of old and young academicsOlder staff as role models and mentorsPublishing of books, teaching materials
and other materials through well established protocols.
Deployment and daily use of modern teaching facilities
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Learning & Teaching are dependent on Technologies
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television broadcast
CD-Rom/VCD/DVD
computers
multimedia
e-learning
m-learning
Open Educational Resources
Social networks (blogs, twitter)
Chalk and the Black Board
telephone
audiocassettes
videocassettes
radio broadcast
Delivery Delivery TechnologiesTechnologies
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Open Open Technologies: Technologies: a 21a 21stst Century Century
ImperativeImperative
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Inevitable Development The use of emerging communication technologies,
network of libraries, virtual institutes, virtual laboratories, educational portals, social media in instruction, research and communication with students, colleagues and peers
Recognise niche universities: teaching universities, research universities, specialised universities
Produce graduates with broad-based knowledge for the emerging learning society
Mass instruction through Open and Distance Learning (ODL);Open Education Resources; MOOC
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Technology & TeachingTechnology always had a defining role in
teaching/instructionMoses (the first known ODL student) received
instruction through two tablets of stoneWritten letters were sent to Ephesus, Corinths,
Galatia, Thessalonica, Philipi and OthersUse of Technology in ODL has progressed
from Print to The Web/InternetTechnology has become the strategic agent
for empowerment and transformation41
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MindMap
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Generations of Technology James Taylor (2001) has categorised the models
of delivery technologies into generations:
First generation – Correspondence model
Second Generation – The Multi-Media model
Third Generation – The Telelearning Model
Fourth Generation – The Flexible Learning Model
Fifth Generation- The Intelligent Flexible Learning Model
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Open ResourcesThe versatility and ubiquity of
technology,
combined with creativity and innovation has led to what we should perhaps call the Sixth Generation:
Open Resources Model
Characterised by OERs and MOOCs45
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What is OER?
Two most frequently used definitions:
Teaching, learning and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others” (Hewlett Foundation)
Materials offered freely and openly to use and adapt for teaching, learning, development and research (COL)
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OER Declaration
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There is now a Global Directory of over 400 entries of OER world wide initiatives
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OER on the MoveOERs include full courses, course materials,
modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge
Made popular in 2002 by the MIT OpenCourseWare project
Africa’s participation have been through SAIDE’s OER Africa and AVU’s Teacher Education project and OER Repository
COL is a main proponent and supporter of OER
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MOOC/DROOLMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has
bourgeoned to popularise open pedagogy.MOOCs coined by Stanford lecturers in 2011
to capture massive free participation online by thousands and millions of learners.
MOOCs is also known as DistRibuted Open Online Learning (DROOL)
MIT Review calls MOOC “the most important education technology in 200yrs”
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Scalability and Focus
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Xristics of MOOCMOOC providers include: Coursera, EdX,
Class2Go, Carnegie Mellon University Open learning Initiative, FutureLearn Inc, Institute des Mines – Telecom, and Iversity, Udacity
Promotes sharing of open contentUses non-traditional mode of assessmentNew mode of recognition and certification –
badges Platform for subject matter experts to interactAllows academic to have educational cake and eat
it too!51
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7th Generation?
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21st Century Social Media
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Emerging power
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Social media, e.g Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Flickr, Tumblr, Pinterest, Google+, Instagram, Linkedin etc may now constitute 7th generation of models of E-Technology
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Conclusion
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The Challenges & Issues
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Patterns of Specification for E-learning & Technologies
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Issues Decision on why, which Technologies and
for whom.Learner Support System: will include
comprehensive administrative, psychological, physical infrastructural and communal support
Accreditation, Standards and Assessment in 21st century ODL.
Custom-made instruction/content with a choice of appropriate technologies
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Approach to ID for Online Learning
Pedagogical approaches or perspectives:
Instructional design – the traditional pedagogy of instruction which is curriculum focused, and is developed by a centralized educating group or a single teacher.
Social-constructivism – this pedagogy is used in discussion forums, blogs, wiki and on-line collaborative activities. It is a collaborative approach that opens educational content creation to a wider group
©Jegede, 1998
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Challenges1. Keeping our focus about the objectives of
teaching and the real needs of the masses2. Use technology cost-effectively; the
simpler the better. Emphasis on the message, not the medium
3. Meeting the professional needs of practitioners: teachers, designers, etc
4. Socio-economic circumstances and demography
5. How to be on top of your game!
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The Future
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Paying Attention to DetailsTechnology development is moving faster
than the speed of light
seemingly uncharted, unstructured and spontaneous emergence of courses and programmes in new platforms
We must pay serious attention to:
Technology
Learning Communities
Redefining Instruction
Emergence of Learning Analytics
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C21st WorldTechnology will increasingly dominate
domestic, economic and social lifeFinancial and economic world will
change into a plastic world Increase in demand for constant
communication and use of telecommunication
Society will become less personal, concentrate more on nuclear family
Unrivalled demand for education62
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Use the imperatives of the 21st century for education, learning and development needs; new focus on teacher educ and HE
Embark on knowledge generation and emphasis on research and initiatives
Explore and exploit new learning tools and environment – enhance OER, social networks, MOOCs, Social Media
Use national satellite space for instruction and e-learning activities
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The C21st Way
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C21st Learnerseasily bored, require multiple stimuliknow more about technology than teachers
and parentsunreasonable expectations: learning is easy,
prosperity requires no hard workaccess to information= acquisition of
knowledge
Please, text, email or bbm
Check my web, facebook, blog or twitter
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C21st Teachersnot the boss but the facilitator
‘no longer sage on stage but guide on the side’
learning with technology must begin with educating teachers
must always operate within the students IT- driven learning environment
Should be equipped to relate globally to other teachers and learners
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Learning in the 21st CBy 2025, over 60 per cent of learners will
study through ODLBy 2050, 75 per cent of those studying by ODL
will be between 18 to 25 years of ageMassive use of cutting edge technologies in
instruction with wider satellite coverageNew environment and new ways of learningNew definition of large campuses Learners will increasingly take control of their
learning situations
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The Knowledge-based Economy
There are increasing signs that our current paradigms for higher education,
the nature of our academic programs, the organization of our colleges and
universities, and the way that we finance, conduct and distribute the services of
higher education may not be able to adapt to the demands of our time. J J Duderstadt (2001)
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TransformationTransformation of self
(individual, institutional)
Transformation of practice (leadership, infrastructure)
Transformation of society (vision, mission, people )
Transformation of the environment (social, ecological, financial, networks)
What kind of transformation should we
aim at to effectively use technologies in teaching
and learning?
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Sustainability &Technologies
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As we think anxiously about the
future, we must learn from our past
and use it as springboard for
purposeful living
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Education includes Education includes an appreciation that an appreciation that two people can look two people can look
at the same thing and at the same thing and see it very differently.see it very differently.
Otherwise we Otherwise we live neither in the present
nor for the future.”
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Thank you