R&D Voice, 1st December, 2013
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Transcript of R&D Voice, 1st December, 2013
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December 1, 2013
Monthly Publication
www.publishpk.net
edu.pkk
In this issue:
R&D Brief News 2 New Journal Launched 2 Cheating and Role of our Academic Institutions 3 A Chemical Voyage from Sugarcane to Polyethylene 3 Algae Biofuel 4 Training & Development 6 Upcoming Events 6 News in Pictures 7
Editorial Team
Chief Editor
Zahid Iftikhar
Managing Editor
Rozeen Shaukat
Associate Editor
Mujahid Ali
www.irp.edu.pk
Phone: +92 42 3584 6988
Opportunities in life
Life is waiting for those who are willing and eager to change
and improve themselves and who want to excel in life. It
offers countless options to those who see an opportunity in
every difficulty and want to make use of those opportunities.
This phenomenon works if our desire to change ourselves
supersedes any other desire. It is always important to remind
ourselves of our larger goals in life in order to make the most
out of the brief time that we have got. We should seek to
improve ourselves by keeping a strict and vigilant eye on our
character and behavior that is how we act and react in certain
situations.
To get a broader perspective about doing well, we will have
to expand our horizon and look around at the life of those
who struggled to achieve excellence, who thought of
changing the environment around and left indelible marks on
the society. We should strive to excel in all acts of doing
good and more importantly, to strive to make lasting changes
in our behavior. Our goal is to discover our hidden
capabilities and make utmost use of them. We should
consistently push ourselves to increase our level of doing
good.
Apparently it seems difficult to change our old habits and
mental barriers because it needs a struggle against our own
selves. The important thing is to get a sincere intention
lodged in our hearts and to let that intention guide our
behavior for a sustained change. It needs a lot of patience
and wait but it is worth doing. We should remember that
opportunity will never knock unless we build a door.
Chief Editor
Zahid Iftikhar
Editor’s Pick
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Institute of Research Promotion (IRP) organized one day Technology Seminar in Quaid-
i-Azam University, Islamand on 21st November, 2013. Seminar inspired more than 100
scientists of QAU- Pakistan largest university to do industry driven research.
IRP and Shafi RESO team met with scientists of UET, KPK, Peshawar University &
University of Agriculture, Peshawar
IRP is looking for scientists for steel industry for refining smoke process and controlling
dust in quartz lining refractory.
IRP got association of scientists in electrochemistry. Industry is requested to share
technologies and potential electrochemical projects.
Researchers are invited to publish in International Journal of Innovative & Applied
Finance (IJIAF) and can earn high value for innovative and applied research. You are
welcome to publish any innovative and applied knowledge through peer reviewing
process in IJIAF.
We are looking for scientists/students to recover Benzioc acid from residue of two
distillation plants. A previous analysis indicates it contains 25% of benzoic acid. Sample
is available in IRP office
Launching of New Journal Launched
IRP has launched a new quarterly scholarly journal as Journal of Bio-
Molecular Sciences (JBMS). The scope covers quick publication of
original articles on all aspects of Life Sciences including Biology,
Genetic, Botany, Bioethics, Medical, Veterinary and Agriculture
Sciences. It aims to serve as a forum of life scientists and agriculture
professionals. The researchers are invited to submit original papers in
English (papers published elsewhere or under consideration elsewhere
shall not be submitted. The journal is initiated by Dr. Jameel Khatak of
Kohat University
For more information visit on http://publishpk.net/index.php/jbms
Brief R&D News
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CHEATING & ROLE OF OUR ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
by Samra Tariq,
MS Scholar, University of Management and Technology
Cheating is one of the common or we can say major problem in our academic sector. As well as
there is a lot of discussion on this topic. Our trendsetters or policymakers devise many policies to
wipe it out but defective policies do not bring fruitful results. Here is need to understand the
reasons rather than to make solutions because without identifying reasons, we cannot find any
proper solutions. We can eliminate cheating from our system by changing traditional teaching
style. Our teaching style is same in schools, colleges as well as in universities. Resource persons
only come for the sake of attendance and topic completion they don't have any concern about the
student's understanding.
There are many reasons behind cheating like students are not clear about their subjects, lack of
understanding even after completion of subject. Many students do not know about the basics of
those subjects. The reason behind this terrible situation is teaching style. Most of the teachers get
so much strict in order to control the students in the class, so because of this strictness many
students hesitate to participate in class. Students not share their ideas and not raise queries about
the topic, so with the passage of time they lose confidence. Students just spend time in class for
attendance. There is dire need to create learning environment in classes and academic
institutions.
Teachers should come into class with the aim to deliver something new in class which they do
not know before it. They should compare known knowledge with new and generate discussion
in class. This thing is also helpful to eliminate cramming system which may help to gain marks
but destroy the analytical skills. Secondly, our examinations pattern should be conceptual base;
so the students write what they have learned during classes. These things may not eradicate roots
of cheating 100%, but it will bring positive effects in our education system.
A CHEMICAL VOYAGE FROM SUGARCANE TO POLYETHYLENE
By Raja Wajahat
Manager, SIMT Internationals
Pakistan is the fourth largest producer of sugar-cane and its
industry uses this production to generate sugar and almost
80% molasses is exported. Brazil, on the other hand uses all
of its molasses to produce bio-ethanol which is then used as
motor vehicle fuel. Recently, Brazil has preceded one more
step by producing Polyethylene, the most consumed
polymer, from the bio-ethanol, produced from sugar-cane.
Braskem developed a process to utilize the 92.5 wt. %
bioethanol to make ethylene, which is then polymerized into various grades of PE.
In the sugar-cane Bioethanol treatment includes the same steps of liming, heating and decanting as
it is done for the production sugar. To balance its sugars concentration the juice is evaporated after
this the liquor becomes ready to be fermented. The mash is then sent to the fermentation reactors,
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and yeasts are added to it. The fermentation period ranges from 8 to 12 hours which results in
producing 10% concentrated alcohols
Bio-Ethanol to Polyethylene
In Braskem’s process, randomly packed fixed-bed reactors
are used to carry out the ethanol dehydration reaction in the
vapor phase in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. To
recover the product water and condensable polar substances
from the raw ethylene produced in this step, a water quench
is used. Traces of CO2 are removed by scrubbing the crude
ethylene with caustic. A chemical-grade ethylene, with purity
greater than 99%, is obtained by first compressing and then drying the ethylene stream from
scrubber. This chemical-grade ethylene is then processed to
remove heavy and light impurities to get polymer-grade
ethylene. The proof of viability of this process is that, in
Brazil, since 2011, an industrial unit is manufacturing
ethylene and PE with a 200,000-ton/yr. bio-based-ethylene
capacity. To summarize,
It is a great opportunity for Industrialists of Pakistan to
convert the molasses, to the most used polymer; PE,
instead of exporting it.
This will not only be very profitable for the industrialist but will also have a great impact on
Pakistan’s economy.
ALGAE BIOFUEL: AN OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION AND POTENTIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
By Eng. Rabia
Research Associate, Institute of Research Promotion
Pakistan can use its 27million acre of saline lands to cultivate Algae,
which is the best alternative feedstock to biofuel production. Increase in
the fuel prices, pollution and growing needs making the worlds concern
towards biofuel, making the world independent of the fossil fuel. Algae
proves to be the best for biofuel production because other plants used in
biofuel production are important food sources and require large area for
biomass production. This overview involves the biofuel production
from algae. Algal biofuel play vital role in the sustaining environment
by CO absorption and by replacing the fossil fuel. One of the best thing
about the biofuel is that biofuel is renewable. The biodiesel produced
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from algae also known as the third generation biofuel that is cheaper than the conventional fuel
oils and can play a great role in decreasing the Pakistan’s total import of diesel oil.
Algae are cultured in control conditions and harvested and then autotrophically synthesized.
Lipid content is extracted from it and fermentation produce ethanol which along with sodium
methoxide catalyze the triesterification of triacylglycerol (TAG). This triesterification result in
biofuel. Certain byproducts are also produced during this process which includes bioethanol, bio
methane, biobutanol, hydrogen with the main product of biodiesel.
Algae is a diverse group of simple plant like organisms, growing in fresh water and sea water,
and a specific group of algae are capable of producing oil more than 30 times than other crops.
The role of biofuel research would be of key importance to avoid the consequences of fuel and
environmental crisis in the coming future, the main problem was to make the biofuel production
cost effective and more environments friendly while maintaining universal standards. Some
organizations were fully engaged to achieve biofuel production targets by cultivating Jatropha
and Castor Oil, etc, but some revolutionary benefits in addition to biodiesel/biofuel production
could be achieved through some alternative feedstock like Algae.
As Algae needs salts, carbon dioxide and sunlight to grow and produce oil, it will intake
the salts from saline lands reducing its salt concentration or eradicating salinity while
ground saline water of some saline lands can be used to irrigate algae.
Cultivation of algae would also be helpful for the sequestration of carbon dioxide from
air and salts from our saline lands, cleaning our environment along with a package of
enough carbon credits to Pakistan.
Oil yield from Algae is 10000 liters/hectare. The advantages of Algal growth are:
Oil yield is higher (Bio diesel raw material).
Can be grown in saline and waste water ponds.
Can be used as biomass, burned to produce heat and energy.
Alga culture grown material can transformed into methane.
Biological hydrogen production by algae is also possible for use in fuel cells.
The advantages directly related to Pakistan’s economy may be:
Pollution free greener Pakistan.
Employment for farmers/ labors.
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Institute of Research Promotion is striving to ease the problems of research community. Due to
lack of research trainings, researchers are unable to design their research effectively. IRP team
developed an annual calendar of training activities. Researchers are invited to visit and plan
research learning accordingly.
See details at www.irp.edu.pk
Recent coming workshops are:
Qualitative Research Methods – Dec. 16-17 in University of Lahore
Managing Theses for MS and PhD – January, 2014 – online and onsite
ISOSS 2014: 12th International Conference on Statistical Sciences
http://www.dsu.edu.pk - Feb 10, 2014 - Feb 12, 2014 - DHA Suffa University, Pakistan
Submission Deadline Dec 31, 2013
Notification Due Jan 15, 2014
Final Version Due Jan 31, 2014
Upcoming Events
Training & Development
13 Oct 2014 - 15 Oct 2014
Amsterdam ,Netherlands
Bettina Falk :Expo Manager
+49-6151-733924
http://www.wan-ifra.org/events/world-publishing-expo-2014
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Raise your Voice…Convey your Message to R&D world
Influence R&D Policies and Practices
Write for R&D Voice – Monthly Magazine [email protected]
Some moments at QUA of Technology
Seminar
News in Pictures