Ravensbourne 2012 Quality Control Guidelines v1.1

7/31/2019 Ravensbourne 2012 Quality Control Guidelines v1.1

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RavensbourneHDTechnicalStandardsForSubmission

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Ravensbourne2012

HighDefinitionProgrammingTechnicalStandards

forProgrammeDelivery

Version1.1


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1Introduction 3

2TechnicalResponsibilitiesforProgrammes 4

2.1GeneralResponsibilities 4

2.2Exemptions 4

3GeneralTechnicalRequirements 5

3.1VideoStandard 5

3.2VideoLevelsandGamut 5

3.3AspectRatio 5

3.4SafeAreasforActionandCaptions 5

3.5Time-code 6

4AudioGeneralTechnicalRequirements 6

4.1AudioStandards 6

4.2AudioLevel,ReferenceLevelandMeasurement 6

4.3Line-upTones 6

4.4SoundtoVisionSynchronization(Lip-Synchronization) 7

5GeneralQualityRequirements 7

5.1TechnicalQualityGrading 7

5.2GeneralVisionQualityRequirements 85.3GeneralAudioQualityRequirements 9

5.4FlashingImages/VisualPatterns-PhotosensitiveEpilepsy(PSE)

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6Submission 10

6.1Line-upTestSignals,ClockandLeader 10

6.2CopyrightLegislation 10

6.3TechnicalAcceptanceProcedures 10

6.4SubmissionProcedure 116.5Feedback 11

6.6SubmissionDates 11

Appendix A 12


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1Introduction

Thisdocumenthighlightsanddefinesthetechnicalstandardsrequiredforallhigh

definition(HD)programmescommissionedforbroadcastingduringthe

Ravensbourne2012Event.Thisdocumentappliestobothliveandpre-recorded

programmes.

Thisdocumentincludesbothtechnicalandproductionspecificationstobeusedasa

simplereferenceforoperationalstaffandengineersinvolvedwithcontentcreation.

Pleasenotethisdocumentdoesnotcontainguidelinesforprogrammecontent.For

theregulationsonprogrammecontentpleaseseetheOfcomBroadcastingCode

whichcanbefoundhere:

http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/guidance/programme-

guidance/bguidance/

Pleasenotethatthesecompliancestandardsmustbemetinorderforcontenttobe

broadcast.

AswellastechnicalrequirementsthisdocumentalsoincludesOperationaland

Qualitystandardstoaidproductionsandensurethattransmittedmaterialisnotonly

compatiblewithtransmissionequipmentbutalsoofhighqualityandlegalto

broadcast.

PleaserefertotheAppendixonpage12formoreinformationhighlightedinthis

document.

Ifthereareanyareasofthedocumentthatareunclearoryouhavefurther

questionsaboutthenpleasecontactoneoftheHeadsofQualityControlfor

Ravensbourne2012(see2.1TechnicalResponsibilitiesforProgrammes.)

Thestandardssetoutinthisdocumentmustbemetotherwisethecontentwillnot

befitforbroadcastandare-editoftheprogrammethatcomplieswiththe

guidelineswillbeaskedfor.Anyproblemswithprogrammesreceivedwillbeclearlyoutlinedandhelpfuladvicewillbegiventoensurethatprogrammescomplywith

thesestandardsandcanbetransmitted.

Thisdocumentreferstothreetypesofstandardsaslaidoutbelow:

1. TechnicalRequirements-ThisdescribesthetechnicalstandardsrequiredforRavensbourne2012sothattheprogrammecanbeprocessedeasilywithin

thesystem.Thesearepass/failobjectivemeasurements.

2. QualityRequirements-Thisdealswithqualityissueswiththepicturesandthesound.TojudgethiswewillbeusingtheCCIR-5pointgradingscale.


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(Pleasesee5.1formoreinformationontheCCIR-5gradingscale.)

3. OperationalRequirements-Thisdealswithdeliverystandardssuchastheline-upsequencesandmetadata(anydatawhichdescribes,refersor

attachedtotheprogrammefiles.)

2TechnicalResponsibilitiesforProgrammes

2.1GeneralResponsibilities

TheHeadsofQualitycontrolarerequiredtoensurethatprogrammetechnical

qualityismaintainedtoasatisfactorystandard.ItistheHeadsofQualitycontrols

responsibilitytoclearlyoutlineanyissueswithprogrammesandgivehelpful

guidanceforanychangesthatmayneedtobemade.

TheHeadsofQualityControlforRavensbourne2012are:

NileHamilton JonathonReed

07776448807 07899842254

[email protected] [email protected]

2.2ExemptionsAlthoughallprogrammesareexpectedtomeetthestandardsoutlinedinthis

documentexemptionscanbemadeinsomecases.

Thecriteriaforexemptionfromthestandardsisstrictandisnotflexible,alsoitmay

notbeusedfortheconvenienceofprogrammemakers.Thesearethecategoriesfor

technicalexemption:

HistoricInterest-Programmesthatusearchivematerialtosupporttheprogrammecontent.Thisincludesfootagefrompreviousproductionswhere

currentqualitystandardscouldnotbemetduetotheequipmentatthetime.

ActualityMaterial-Featuresordocumentarieswherebroadcastqualityhasnotbeenpossibleduetolimitationssuchastheformatorphysicalsizeor

valueofequipment.

DomesticEquipment-Programmesthatuseexcerptscreatedbyconsumerqualityequipment,whichfitsinwiththecontextoftheprogramme.

Pleasenoteifaprogrammecontainscontentthatrequirestechnicalexemption

pleasecontactaHeadofQualityControlbeforetheprogrammeissubmittedbriefly

explainingthereasonsforthecontent.


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3GeneralTechnicalRequirements

Thesetechnicalrequirementsmustbemetsothatmaterialcanbepassedthrough

transmissionsystemsreliablyandwithaslittlenoticeableimpairmentsaspossible.

Thisallowstheendusertoviewmaterialinthebestpossiblequality.

3.1VideoStandard

Allprogrammesshallbeofthe1920x1080interlacedat25framespersecond(fps)

standardotherwiseknownas1080i/50andintheAppleProRes4:2:2HQcodec

unlessotherwiseagreedwiththeHeadofQualityControl.Signalswillbeassessed

accordingtotherecommendationITU-RBT.709-5.

(SeeAppendix3.1formoreinformationaboutITU-RBT.709-5)

3.2VideoLevelsandGamut

Videolevelsincludingline-upmustfallwithinthespecifiedlimitssothatthe

programmematerialcanbeusedwithoutadjustment.

VideolevelsarebasedonthePALSystemIwhichspecifies0to100%RedGreenBlue

orRGBLimits.

SignalsmustmeetEBURecommendationR103-2000,whichstates:

Luminancelimitsfrom-1%and103%

Chrominance105%max-RGBvaluestonotexceedlimits-5%to+105%.

(SeeAppendix3.2.1formoreinformationaboutLuminanceandChrominance)

Thevideoshouldnotsufferfromcompositeerrorssuchascrosscolour,banding,and

moir.

(SeeAppendix3.2.2forabriefdescriptionofcommonvideoandaudioerrors)

3.3AspectRatio

ThetechnicalstandardaspectratioforRavensbourne2012is16:9.Fullprogrammes

in4:3aspectratiowillnotbeaccepted.Formatchangeswithintheprogrammewill

alsonotbeaccepted.

Programmesin16:9maycontainshortsectionsoffloating4:3materialbutitmust

bePillarboxed.Theprogrammemustnotincludeblackbarsatthetoporbottomof

thepictureasthiscancauseunwantedzoomingonsomeTVsetswhichhaveauto-

zoomfunctionsenabled.

(SeeAppendixforpillarboxingguidance.)


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3.4SafeAreasforActionandCaptions

Allprogrammeswillbeinthe16:9formatandthereforemustbeprotectedfor14:9safearea.

Allcaptionsandmainprogrammeactionshallbewithinthesafeareas.

Anylogos,titlesorcaptionsfoundtobeoutsidethe14:9safetyareawillresultinan

automaticfail.

(SeeAppendix3.4.1forsafetyareaguidance)

3.4Time-code

TimecodeshouldconformtoEBUspecification12M-2(SMPTE12M2-2008) ProgrammestartshouldbeatTimecode10:00:00:00 Timecodemustnotspanacrossthemidnight(00:00:00:00)boundaryasthis

createstwodifferentsetsoftime-codesforthesameprogramme.

Alltime-codesmustmatchincludingLTC,DVITC,ATC.

(SeeAppendix3.4.2forusefulreferencesregardingTimecodespecifications)

4AudioGeneralTechnicalRequirements

4.1AudioStandards

Programmesshallbedeliveredindualmonoorstereoformatat48kHzperchannel.

LeftaudioshallbepresentontheAlegorChannel1.

RightaudioshallbepresentontheBlegorChannel2.

MonoshallbeinDualMonoformatwithidenticalandphasecoherentaudioonboth

LeftandRightchannelstomatchupamongststereoprogrammes.

Finishedprogrammematerialintendedfortransmissionwithstereosound,whether

recordedorforlivetransmission,mustcarrysoundinA/B(Left/Right)form.M/S

(Mid/Side)isnotacceptablefordelivery.

4.2AudioLevel,ReferenceLevelandMeasurement

ForDigitalAudiothereferencelevelis18dBbelowthemaximumcodingvalue

(-18dBFS)asperEBUrecommendedpracticeR68.Referencelevelisreferredtoas

ZeroLevel,Line-upLevel,0dB,0dBuorPPM4.

ProgrammeaudiolevelsshouldbemeasuredusingPeakProgrammeMeters(PPM)


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toBS5428.

(SeeAppendix4.2.1formoreinformationonBS5428)

TheMaximumorPeakProgrammeLevelshallneverexceed8dBsabovethe

ProgrammesReferenceLevel(i.e.PPM6or-10dBu).

ProgrammeaudiolevelshouldnotdropbelowZeroLevelorPPM4foranylonger

than10seconds.

(SeeAppendix4.2.2formoreinformationonPPMaudiolevelsandDigitalaudio

levels)

4.3Line-upTones

Line-upTonesservetoidentifyindividualsignalchannelsandtoprovidereferencelevelstoindicatethatwithoutadjustmenttheprogrammetransmittedwillbewithin

thesignallevellimitsspecified.

Alltonesmusthavebeensourcedtoatoleranceof+/-0.1dB.

StereoLine-upToneshallbeatafrequencyof1kHz+/-100Hzandshallindicatethe

LeftandRightprogrammelegswithEBUStereoToneat8dB(PPM4/ZeroLevel)

withonlytheleftlegidentifiedby250msbreakseverythreeseconds.

Alltonesmustbesinusoidal,freeofdistortionandshallbephasecoherentbetween

channels.

(SeeAppendix4.3formoreinformationonTonereferencelevels)

4.4SoundtoVisionSynchronization(Lip-Synchronization)

Therelativetimingofsoundtovisionshouldnotexhibitanyperceptibleerror.

Programmesshouldbecheckedforanynoticeablesyncerrorsbeforesubmission.

Soundshouldnotleadorlagthevisionbymorethan10ms.

5GeneralQualityRequirements

Thefollowingprinciplesofexcellenceapplytobothaudioandvideo.

Programmesshallbecapableofmeetingthegradingrequirementsasgivenbythe

ITCusingtheCCIR5-pointgradingscale,whichstates-Liveprogrammesusing

systemsthatmeettheperformancefiguresintheITCHandbookshouldachievea

soundandvisiongradeof5.Recordedprogrammesbasedonelectronicproduction

shouldachieveagradeofatleast4.Theabsoluteminimumqualitythatisnormally


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acceptableisgrade4.

Ravensbourne2012Managementreservestherightnottobroadcastprogrammes

whichinitsopinionaretechnicallyunacceptable.Theprogrammecreatorswillbe

notifiedifaprogrammefailstheseprinciplesofexcellence.

TheCCIR5-pointgradingis:

Quality Impairment

5-Excellent. 5-Imperceptible.

4-Good. 4-Perceptiblebutnotannoying.

3-Fair. 3-Slightlyannoying.

2-Poor. 2-Annoying.

1-Bad. 1-Veryannoying

TypicalFactorsthatDepictGrading

VideoHopandWeaving

Jittering

Drop-Out

Streaking

VideoNoise

ColourCastandShadingErrors

MixedLighting

Vignetting

Over-Exposure

Under-Exposure

PoorDefinition

SoftPictures

CrushedBlackLevel

LowContrast

Saturation

(SeeAppendix3.2.2formoreinformationregardingcommonerrorsofvideoand

audio)

PriortosubmissionprogrammecreatorsmaywishtoQCtheirownwork,please

notethatpicturemonitorsonwhichvideoparametersareassessedandgradings

madeshouldbegrade1(referenceEBUTech3263-E)andlineduptoprofessional

standards.APLUGE(PictureLineUpGeneratingEquipment)signalshallbeused

priortotheassessmenttoensureproperadjustmentofbrightness,contrastand

greyscale.

Pleasenoteagrade1picturemonitorislocatedintheQualityControland

Presentationroomlocationonthe2ndflooratRavensbourne.

5.2GeneralVisionQualityRequirements

Byitsnaturethisisasubjectivearea.Allpresentedcommissionedprogrammeswill

begradedsubjectively.Acompetentpost-productionprovidershouldbeableto

makeaneducatedviewduringediting.

Theseguidelinesarenottoprohibittheuseofanyproductiontechniquesorto


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preventinnovativeprogrammingprovidedthatasuitablequalityisachieved.

Ingeneral:

a)Thepicturemustbesharpandwelllit(unlessartisticconsiderationsrequireotherwise)

b)Thevideosignalmustbefreeofblackcrushingandhighlightcompression.

Transientresponseshallbesuchthatstreaking,ringing,smear,echoesand

overshootsarenotnoticeable.Moirandotherpatterningshallnotbevisible.Hum,

crosstalkandotherspurioussignalsmustnotbeapparent.

c)Colourrendition,especiallyskintones,mustbearealisticrepresentationofthe

sceneportrayedunlessartisticconsiderationsrequireotherwise.

d)Videoprocessing(e.g.effectsdevices)mustnotintroduceunintentionalchanges

toluminanceandchrominancelevelsnorcauseperceptibletimingshiftsonentryor

exitfromtheeffect.e)Appropriateaudioorvideodelaymustbeusedtocompensateforlip-syncerrors.

f)Theremustbenovisiblecontouring/artifactscausedbymultipleD-A(Digitalto

Analogue)andA-D(AnaloguetoDigital)conversionsorcompression.Quantisation

Noiseshallnotbeapparent.Ingeneral,recordingsmadeoff-airfromdigital

sources(DTT,DSATandD-Cable)shouldnotbeincorporatedintonewprogramming

asthesesignalshavealreadybeensignificantlycompressed.

PleasenotifyaHeadofQualitycontrolbeforesubmissionexplainingthereasonsfor

anyexemptionsthatneedtobeconsidered.

5.3GeneralAudioQualityRequirements

a)Theaudioshallbefreeofspurioussignalssuchasnoise,humandcross-talk.

b)Sibilanceanddistortion,wowandfluttershallnotbeapparent.

c)Theaudioshallnotshowdynamicandfrequencyresponseartifactsasaresultof

theactionofnoisereductionorlowbitratecodingsystems.

d)Audiocompressionshouldbeusedaslittleaspossibleastheeffectsof

compressionusedforbroadcastdistributionandtransmissioncanexacerbate

impairments.

e)Dynamicrangeshallnotbeexcessive.Itshallbesuitableforthewholerangeofdomesticlistening.

f)Careshallbetakenwhenincorporatingbackgroundmusicandeffectswith

dialogue,orpeoplewithahearingimpairmentandpoorlisteningconditionscanfind

thedialoguedifficulttohear.

(PleaserefertoAppendix3.2.2forcommonVideoandAudioerrorsandtheir

descriptions)

5.4FlashingImages/VisualPatterns-PhotosensitiveEpilepsy(PSE)


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Flickeringorintermittentlightsandcertaintypesofrepetitivevisualpatternscan

causeseriousproblemsforsomeviewerswhoarepronetophotosensitiveepilepsy.

Televisionisbynatureaflickeringmediumbutstepscanbetakentoreduce

unnecessaryrisksandtoreducetheincidenceofseizurestoanacceptablelevel,

althoughtheycannotremovetheriskentirely.

TheITC(UK)issuesguidelinesforPSE.Thefollowingguidanceonthemajorfactors

involvedisprovidedforreference.However,theITCguidelinesshouldbeconsulted

forcompleteinformation.

Rapidlyflickeringimagesshouldnotchangeatafastrate(i.e.lessthan9frames

betweeneachflash).

Iftherearemorethan6flashespersecondthenthematerialwillfailimmediately

andberejected.

Thisappliesacrossallsubmissions

Ifbrightnesschangesforagivenareaofapictureislessthan25%ofscreenmaximumbrightnessthenthatareamaybediscounted.

Inmarginalcasessuchimagesshouldbeavoidediftheyarepositionednearthecentreofthescreen.

Changesincolourarenotaproblemunlesstheyaffecttheredchannelsubstantially.

Prominentandregularpatterns,whichcoveralargeproportionofthepicturearea,shouldbeavoided,especiallyiftheyrepresentbars,spirals,ordartboardpatterns.Movingorflickeringregularpatternsareparticular

hazardous.

Careneedstobetakenalsowithcomputer-generatedimages,which,ifhighlydetailed,cancauseahighdegreeof25Hzinter-lineflickerinthe

displayedtelevisionpicture.

Videoluminancelevelasmeasuredonawaveformmonitordoesnotsimplyequatetoscreenluminance(brightness)andcannotbeusedtoassess

brightnesswithoutcorrectingforGamma.

ThefollowinglinkisausefulguideregardingPSEandtelevision

http://www.hardingfpa.com/resources/broadcast-guidelines/

6Submission

6.1Line-upTestSignals,ClockandLeader

Thestartofprogrammeandanysubsequentpartshouldbeprecededbya


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countdownclockindicatingprogrammeproductionnumber,programmetitleand

programmeproducersname.

Theclockmustprovideaclearcountdownof10secondswiththefirstframeofthe

programmelaidbackthreeseconds.Theclockmustappearroundwhenviewedona

16:9display.

Timecode Duration ActivePicture AudioChannels1&2

09:59:17:00 00.30seconds EBUHDColourBars(75%) Constant1kHzTone

09:59:47:00 00.10seconds IdentandClock Silence

09:59:57:00 00.03seconds Black Silence

10:00:00:00 ProgrammeStart ProgrammePicture ProgrammeAudio

Pleasenote:Attheendoftheprogramme,soundmustendnaturallyorbefadedout

bytheendoftheprogramme.Thereshouldbeafreezeorlivingholdfor10seconds.

6.2CopyrightLegislation

Itistheprogrammemakersresponsibilitytoensurecopyrightlawsarenot

breached;thisincludesliteracy,music,soundrecording,films,plagiarismetc.All

programmesmustabidebythecurrentCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.For

moreinformationpleasevisit:

http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law

6.3TechnicalAcceptanceProcedures

EveryprogrammesubmittedmustpassQC.Anyprogrammenotmeetingthe

requiredstandardwillbereturnedtotheprogrammemakerforamendment.Each

failedprogrammewillreceivefeedbackonfailedcriteria.Asubsequentreviewwill

thenbecarriedouttocheckthatanyworkhasbeendonesatisfactorily.

Programmes,whichdonotpassQC,willnotbebroadcastunderanycircumstances

untilrequiredchangesaremadeandtheprogrammeispassed.

6.4SubmissionProcedure

AllcontentmustbesubmittedforQCviatheFORKMediaAssetManagement

(MAM)system.

Oncetheprogrammeiscompleteandhasbeenrenderedouttowiththeformat

specifiedinthisdocument(see3.1VideoStandardand4.1AudioStandards)ingest

andaddtotheMAMwiththefollowingfilenamestructure:

RAVE2012_PROGRAMMENAME_VERSION_SURNAMEOFHEADPRODUCER

ForExample:RAVE2012_PRERECORDEDPROGRAMME_V1_REED


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FILESMUSTBEINTHISFORMATORTHEYCANNOTBEQUALITYCONTROLLED.ITIS

YOURRESPONSIBILTYTOUPLOADFILESWITHTHECORRECTFILENAME.

6.5Feedback

Feedbackwillbegivenviatimecodemarkerswithrelatedcommentsand

informationviewableintheFORKMAMclient.

Anygeneralfeedbackorcommentsrelatingtothewholeoftheprogrammewillbe

attachedtoatimecodemarkerlocatedatthestartoftheprogrammematerial

(10:00:00:00)

TheprogrammemakerswillbenotifiediftheirprogrammehaspassedorfailedQC.

IftheprogrammehaspassedQCthenthevideofilewillbemovedintothePassed

QCbinfordeliveryuse.

IftheprogrammedoesnotpassQCthenthevideofilewillbemovedintotheFailed

QCbinandifrecentlyfaileditwillalsoappearintheRecentQCFailsbin.The

programmewillhavetoberesubmittedbyrepeatingthesubmissionprocess.

6.6SubmissionDates

Itishighlyrecommendedtoprogrammemakersthattheysubmittheirprogrammes

assoonaspossibletoallowtimeforfurtherpostproductionandresubmissioninthe

eventthattheprogrammedoesnotpassQC.

16/04/12QCProcessBegins

ProgrammesalreadysubmittedforQCandanysubmissionsreceivedafterthisdate

willberunthroughtheQCprocess.

21/05/2012-FinalSubmissionDeadlineAnyversion1submissionssentafterthis

deadlinecannotbeQualityControlled.Earlysubmissionswillbegivenpriority.

01/06/2012-FinalRe-SubmissionDeadlineAnyversions2orhighersubmitted

afterthisdeadlinecannotbeQualityControlled.

AnyprogrammesreceivedafterthisdatewillnotberunthroughtheQCprocessand

thereforewillnotbeusedforbroadcast.


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AppendixA

3.4.1AspectAreaandSafetyAreas

Belowisasimplediagramexplainingthe14:9safetyareaforaHD16:9programme.

3.1ITU-RBT.709-5

ThefollowinglinkgivesagoodunderstandingofthestandardsforHDprogrammes:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rec._709

3.4.2Timecodeinformation

Pleaseclickonthefollowinglinkformoreinformationabouttimecodes

http://www.alpermann-velte.com/faq_e/e_atc.html


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4.2.2AudioLevels

Pleaseclickonthefollowinglinkformoreinformationaboutaudiolevels

http://www.blitzfamily.eclipse.co.uk/paulblitz.co.uk/tech_tips/techtip/art5.htm

3.2.2AudioandVideoErrors

OverExposure-overexposurereferstoawhite-lookingorwashed-outimage

(overexposedimage).ThisgenerallyhappenswhenaVideowasshotwithtoomuch

lightonthesubject.Thisoccurswhenshootingwiththewrongcamerasettings.

UnderExposure-whenimportantdarkareasare"muddy"orindistinguishablefrom

black,knownas"blockedupshadows"(orsometimes"crushedshadows,""crushed

blacks,"or"clippedblacks,"especiallyinvideo).

VideoexampleofUnderandOverExposure:http://vimeo.com/8752442

Saturation,sometimescalledchroma,dealswiththestrengthorpurityofacolour.

Saturationrepresentstheamountofgreyinproportiontothehue.Valuesrange

from-100(percentageofdesaturation,dullercolours)to+100(percentageof

saturationincrease).Onthestandardcolourwheel,saturationincreasesfromthe

centretotheedge.TheSaturationfilterletsyouadjustthesaturationoftheentire

image.

Crushing.Theartefactthatoccurswhenthepedestal(alsocalledtheblacklevel)is

adjustedtoolowduringtheshootingorreproductionofanimage.Crushingtendsto

reducecontrastindarkelementsofanimage.

SoftFocus.Awayoffilmingthingssothattheedgesoftheobjectsinthevideoare

notsharporclear.

LowContrast

LowcontrastmeanstherangeofDark----->Lightisverysmall.Meaning,maybeallthetonesaregrey.Nowhites,noblacks.Or,maybeallthetonesareverydark.


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Maybethelightestthinginthephotoisadarkgrey,andmostoftherestofblack.

Thoseareexamplesoflowcontrast.

VideoNoise

Theleftimageisclearlysufferingforavideonoiseerror,thistypeoferrorwill

dramaticallyreduceaprogrammespicturequalityandfailQualityControl.Though

thisismorecommonlyananaloguevideoerroritwillpresentitselfindigitalvideoin

theformofpicturesnow.

MixedLighting

Lightingisveryimportantforanyprogramme,lightingcanchangeorsetthemoodofasceneorevengiveyourprogrammeadistinctivelookbutitcanalsoruina

productionthroughinconsistentlightingarrangements.

Thefollowingpictureshowshowevenwithmultiplelightsourcesanimagecanstill

lookcold(blue)andgrainy.


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Itisimportantthatallofshotswithinaprogrammehaveasimilarlookandfeel,this

isachievedthroughlightingandbecomestrickywhendealingwithmultipleinternal

andexternallocations.Pleasetaketimeandconsideryourlightingarrangement

whensettinguptoshootatanylocation.

Vignetting

In video vignetting is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation at the

image edges compared to the image centre.

Ravensbourne 2012 Quality Control Guidelines v1.1

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