Ratifying Ratifying the the

ConstitutiConstitutionon

Chapter 5, Sec. Chapter 5, Sec. 33

The Process…The Process…• RatificationRatification – official

approval required agreement of ninenine states.

• Americans shocked by the radical changes of the new Constitution

• Each state called for a Convention where delegates voted to accept or reject the new Constitution.

FederalistsFederalists (favor (favor Constitution)Constitution)

• Favor a strong, nationalstrong, national government.• Argue checkschecks and balancesbalances prevent

one branch from too much powerpower• Strong Government needed to:

– Facilitate interstate and foreign tradetrade

– National defensedefense– Foreign relations (war, treaties)

• Bill of Rights NOTNOT needed:James Madison

–Constitution protected rights (people govern themselves)–Most statesstates already had basic bill of rights

•George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James MadisonJames Madison

Anti-Federalists (oppose Constitution)

• In favor of strong statestrong state governments.

• Believe national government would take powerpower from statesstates.

• National Bill of Rights is necessarynecessary.– Forced Federalists to agree

this would be Congress’ first task.

• Samuel Adams, Patrick HenryPatrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee

Sam Adams

Patrick Henry

War of WordsWar of Words• Both sides waged a war of

words in the public debate over ratification.– The FederalistThe Federalist, was a series

of 85 essays defending the Constitution.

– Letters from the Federal Letters from the Federal FramerFramer, most widely read Anti-Federalist publication.

Richard Henry Lee

Ratification of the Ratification of the ConstitutionConstitution

• DelawareDelaware led the country in ratifying it in Dec. of 1787 and it was finally ratified by all states in 17901790.

• Sept. 1789, Congress submitted 12 amendments for states’ ratification

• Dec. 1791, ¾¾ of the states ratified 1010 of the amendments, which became known as the Bill Bill of Rightsof Rights.

Bill of RightsBill of Rights• Constitution did not

guaranteeguarantee the gov’t would protect the rights of the people/states.– Thomas Jefferson felt

this was the drawback to ratification.

• People demandeddemanded a Bill of Rights that guaranteed the freedom of speech, press, religion, trial by jury and bear arms.

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.

2nd Right to bear arms (weapons)

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.

2nd Right to bear arms (weapons)

3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.

2nd Right to bear arms (weapons)

3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.

4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.

2nd Right to bear arms (weapons)

3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.

4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.

2nd Right to bear arms (weapons)

3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.

4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.

6th Right to a fair and swift trial.

7th

8th

9th

10th

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.

2nd Right to bear arms (weapons)

3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.

4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.

6th Right to a fair and swift trial.

7th Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts.

8th

9th

10th

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.

2nd Right to bear arms (weapons)

3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.

4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.

6th Right to a fair and swift trial.

7th Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts.

8th Protects against cruel & unusual punishment and excessive bail.

9th

10th

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, and redress.

2nd Right to bear arms (weapons)

3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.

4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.

6th Right to a fair and swift trial.

7th Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts.

8th Protects against cruel & unusual punishment and excessive bail.

9th Establishes people have rights beyond those stated in the Constitution.

10th

1st Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, and redress.

2nd Right to bear arms (weapons)

3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.

4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.

6th Right to a fair and swift trial.

7th Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts.

8th Protects against cruel & unusual punishment and excessive bail.

9th Establishes people have rights beyond those stated in the Constitution.

10th All powers not given to feds or denied to the states are held by each state, or the people.

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.Group that opposed the Constitution.

Group that supported the Constitution.

Favored national gov’t.

Favored state gov’ts.

Wanted Bill of Rights

Did not want Bill of Rights

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.

NineNine

Group that opposed the Constitution.

Group that supported the Constitution.

Favored national gov’t.

Favored state gov’ts.

Wanted Bill of Rights

Did not want Bill of Rights

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.

NineNine

Group that opposed the Constitution.

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

Group that supported the Constitution.

Favored national gov’t.

Favored state gov’ts.

Wanted Bill of Rights

Did not want Bill of Rights

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.

NineNine

Group that opposed the Constitution.

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

Group that supported the Constitution.

FederalistsFederalists

Favored national gov’t.

Favored state gov’ts.

Wanted Bill of Rights

Did not want Bill of Rights

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.

NineNine

Group that opposed the Constitution.

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

Group that supported the Constitution.

FederalistsFederalists

Favored national gov’t. FederalistsFederalistsFavored state gov’ts.

Wanted Bill of Rights

Did not want Bill of Rights

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.

NineNine

Group that opposed the Constitution.

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

Group that supported the Constitution.

FederalistsFederalists

Favored national gov’t. FederalistsFederalistsFavored state gov’ts. Anti-FederalistsAnti-FederalistsWanted Bill of Rights

Did not want Bill of Rights

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.

NineNine

Group that opposed the Constitution.

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

Group that supported the Constitution.

FederalistsFederalists

Favored national gov’t. FederalistsFederalistsFavored state gov’ts. Anti-FederalistsAnti-FederalistsWanted Bill of Rights Anti-FederalistsAnti-FederalistsDid not want Bill of Rights

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.

NineNine

Group that opposed the Constitution.

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

Group that supported the Constitution.

FederalistsFederalists

Favored national gov’t. FederalistsFederalistsFavored state gov’ts. Anti-FederalistsAnti-FederalistsWanted Bill of Rights Anti-FederalistsAnti-FederalistsDid not want Bill of Rights

FederalistsFederalists