Rapid livestock feed assessment tools to support intervention strategies: FEAST and Techfit
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Rapid livestock feed assessment tools to support intervention strategies: FEAST and Techfit
Alan Duncan
FAO West Africa Regional Workshop on Crop Residues, Dakar, 10-13 December 2012
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Mixed systems
Interactions between crops and
livestock
Crop residues are substantial
component of livestock diets
Feeding of livestock needs to take
account of arable realities:
competition for land, free grazing in
off season etc.
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Challenges to improved
feed supply
Food security
Land scarcity/tenure
Markets for livestock products
Free grazing
Traction a sink for feed
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The way ahead
Things are changing
– Dwindling grazing resources forcing
other feed sources to be considered
– Urbanization leading to increased
demand for livestock products
– Improving infrastructure
– Are we about to see things moving?
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Feed interventions often
do not work – why?Failure to place feed in
broader livelihood context
Lack of farmer design and
ownership
Neglect of how
interventions fit the
context: land, labour, cash,
knowledge etc
FEAST
Techfit
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FEAST
The problem
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Feed assessment
Conventionally focuses on:
– The feeds
– Their nutritive value
– Ways of improving nutritive value
FEAST broadens assessment:
– Is livestock an important livelihood strategy?
– How important are feed problems relative to other problems?
– What about labour, input availability, credit, seasonality, markets for products etc.?
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How does FEAST work?
• Overview of farming system and livestock feed aspect
• Milk marketing, veterinary services
• Major problems for livestock production
1. PRA Exercise
• Quantitative information on crop-livestock production, feed availability, feeding rations
• Qualitative information - perception on feed quality
2. Individual farmer survey
• Enter data in FEAST template
• Based on result develop ideas for intervention
3. Data analysis and developing interventions
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PRA General description of farming system
– range of farm sizes,
– farm labour availability
– annual rainfall pattern
– irrigation availability
– types of animals raised by households.
General description of livestock production– the types of animals raised (% of households raising
these animals and average herd/flock sizes)
– the purpose of raising these animals (e.g. draught, income, fattening, calf production)
– the general animal husbandry (including; management, veterinary services and reproduction).
– Ease of access to credit
– How available are necessary inputs – plastic, urea, concentrates etc
Problem identification and potential solutions
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Quantitative questionnaire
Animals – livestock inventory
Crops - yields and areas to derive crop residue availability
Cultivated forages – yields and areas
Collected fodder: proportion of diet
Purchased feed
Grazing: proportion of diet
Contributors to household income
Production. – Milk production
– Sale of livestock
Seasonality. – Feed supply: overall seasonal availability
– What is fed in different months?
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Sample output
32%
22%
20%
14%
6%
6%
Contribution of livelihood activities to household income (as a percentage)
Agriculture
Livestock
Remmitance
Labour
Others
Business
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More sample output
Crop residues5%
Cultivated fodder
25%
Grazing30%
Naturally occurring and
collected33%
Purchased7%
DM content of total diet
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Final output
Feast report with some ideas for key
problems and solutions
Better links and understanding
between farmers, research and
development staff
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www.ilri.org/feast
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Techfit
The problem
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What is your
main problem
Feed
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What feed
technologies
have you got?
Planted forage
Urea treated straw
Bypass protein
OK, let’s try
those
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A solution
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TechfitA discussion support tool for
prioritizing feed technologies
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Key context attributes
Land
Labour
Credit
Input
Knowledge
Key technology
attributes
Land
Labour
Credit
Input
Knowledge
The core concept
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Key context
attributes
Land
Labour
Credit
Input
Knowledge
Key technology
attributes
Land
Labour
Credit
Input
Knowledge
x = Score
Matching context to
technology
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Technology filter
Scope for
improve
ment of
attribute
s
Context
relevanc
e (score 1-
6; low-
high))
Impact
potential
(score 1-
6; low-
high)
Total
score
(context
X impact)
Requ
Score 1-3
(1 for
more;
3 for
less)
Avail
Score 1-3
(1 for
less;
3 for
more)
Requ
Score 1-3
(1 for
more;
3 for
less)
Avail
Score 1-3
(1 for
less;
3 for
more)
Requ
Score 1-3
(1 for
high;
3 for low)
Avail
Score 1-3
(1 for
less;
3 for
more)
Requ
Score 1-3
(1 for
high;
3 for low)
Avail
Score 1-3
(1 for
less;
3 for
more)
Requ
Score 1-3
(1 for
high;
3 for low)
Avail
Score 1-3
(1 for
less;
3 for
more)
Score 1-5
(1 for
less and
5 for
more)
Urea treatment
of straw2 3 6 3 2 2 2 2 0
Supplement with
UMMB2 5 10 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 22
By-pass protein
feed1 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 0
Feed
conservation
(surplus)
(HAY)
4 3 12 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 41
etc
etc
III.
TECHNOLOGY
FILTER
(Technology
options to
address
quantity,
quality,
seasonality
issues)
Pre-select the obvious
(5-6) based
on context relevance
and impact potential
Score the pre-selected technologies based on the requirement, availability and scope for
improvement of five technology attributes
Attribute 1:
Land
Attribute 2:
Labour
Attribute 3:
Cash /credit
Attribute 4:
Input delivery
Attribute 5:
Knowledge
/skill
Total
Score
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Cost-benefit assessment
What does the technology cost?
– Inputs, labour, land etc?
What does the technology deliver?
– Enhanced milk yield, improved
reproductive performance, better growth
etc
Does it make sense?
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Final output
Ideas for some promising feed
interventions that might work
Better understanding of why the
usual suspects often don’t work.
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Links
http://fodderadoption.wordpress.com/
techfit/
http://fodderadoption.wordpress.com/
feast/