Rapid livestock feed assessment tools to support intervention strategies: FEAST and Techfit
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Rapid livestock feed assessment tools to support
intervention strategies: FEAST and Techfit
Alan DuncanTechfit Development Meeting May 23-24 2013
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Feed interventions often do not work – why?
Failure to place feed in broader livelihood context
Lack of farmer design and ownership
Neglect of how interventions fit the context: land, labour, cash, knowledge etc
FEAST
Techfit
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FEASTThe problem
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Feed assessment
Conventionally focuses on:– The feeds– Their nutritive value– Ways of improving nutritive value
FEAST broadens assessment:– Is livestock an important livelihood strategy? – How important are feed problems relative to other
problems?– What about labour, input availability, credit,
seasonality, markets for products etc.?
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How does FEAST work?• Overview of farming system and
livestock feed aspect• Milk marketing, veterinary services• Major problems for livestock
production
1. PRA Exercise
• Quantitative information on crop-livestock production, feed availability, feeding rations
• Qualitative information - perception on feed quality
2. Individual farmer survey
• Enter data in FEAST template• Based on result develop ideas for
intervention
3. Data analysis and developing interventions
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PRA General description of farming system
– range of farm sizes,– farm labour availability– annual rainfall pattern– irrigation availability– types of animals raised by households.
General description of livestock production– the types of animals raised (% of households raising these
animals and average herd/flock sizes)– the purpose of raising these animals (e.g. draught, income,
fattening, calf production)– the general animal husbandry (including; management,
veterinary services and reproduction). – Ease of access to credit– How available are necessary inputs – plastic, urea,
concentrates etc Problem identification and potential solutions
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Quantitative questionnaire Animals – livestock inventory Crops - yields and areas to derive crop residue availability Cultivated forages – yields and areas Collected fodder: proportion of diet Purchased feed Grazing: proportion of diet Contributors to household income Production.
– Milk production – Sale of livestock
Seasonality. – Feed supply: overall seasonal availability– What is fed in different months?
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Sample output
32%
22%
20%
14%
6%
6%
Contribution of livelihood activities to household income (as a percentage)
Agriculture
Livestock
Remmitance
Labour
Others
Business
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More sample output
Crop residues5%
Cultivated fodder
25%
Grazing30%
Naturally occurring and
collected33%
Purchased7%
DM content of total diet
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Final output
Feast report with some ideas for key problems and solutions
Better links and understanding between farmers, research and development staff
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Recent developments
Data aggregator– Imports FEAST data into central
database– Currently standalone but plans to move
into online environment
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www.ilri.org/feast
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Techfit
The problem
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What is your main problem
Feed
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What feed technologies
have you got?Planted forage
Urea treated strawBypass protein
OK, let’s try those
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A solution
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TechfitA discussion support tool for
prioritizing feed technologies
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Key context attributes
Land
Labour
Credit
Input
Knowledge
Key technology attributes
Land
Labour
Credit
Input
Knowledge
The core concept
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Key context attributes
Land
Labour
Credit
Input
Knowledge
Key technology attributes
Land
Labour
Credit
Input
Knowledge
x = Score
Matching context to technology
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Technology filter
Scope for improvement of attribute
s
Context relevance (score 1-
6; low-high))
Impact potential (score 1-6; low-high)
Total score
(context X impact)
Requ Score 1-3
(1 for more; 3 for less)
Avail Score 1-3
(1 for less; 3 for
more)
Requ Score 1-3
(1 for more; 3 for less)
Avail Score 1-3
(1 for less; 3 for
more)
Requ Score 1-3
(1 for high;
3 for low)
Avail Score 1-3
(1 for less; 3 for
more)
Requ Score 1-3
(1 for high;
3 for low)
Avail Score 1-3
(1 for less; 3 for
more)
Requ Score 1-3
(1 for high;
3 for low)
Avail Score 1-3
(1 for less; 3 for
more)
Score 1-5 (1 for
less and 5 for
more)
Urea treatment of straw
2 3 6 3 2 2 2 2 0
Supplement with UMMB
2 5 10 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 22
By-pass protein feed
1 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 0
Feed conservation (surplus) (HAY)
4 3 12 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 41
etcetc
III.
TECHNOLOGY FILTER
(Technology options to
address quantity, quality,
seasonality issues)
Pre-select the obvious (5-6) based
on context relevance and impact potential
Score the pre-selected technologies based on the requirement, availability and scope for improvement of five technology attributes
Attribute 1: Land
Attribute 2: Labour
Attribute 3: Cash /credit
Attribute 4: Input delivery
Attribute 5: Knowledge
/skill
Total Score
Technology list
Pre-filter Main filter
Score
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Cost-benefit assessment
What does the technology cost?– Inputs, labour, land etc?
What does the technology deliver?– Enhanced milk yield, improved
reproductive performance, better growth etc
Does it make sense?
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Final output
Ideas for some promising feed interventions that might work
Better understanding of why the usual suspects often don’t work.
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Recent refinements – additional filters
Already in use – yes, no?Potential to mitigate constraints -
score– Seasonality – (dry season shortage,
growing season shortage?)– Quality – animals already intake
constrained.– Biomass – animals not intake
constrained.
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Recent refinements – additional filters
Applicability to commodity - score– Beef– Dairy– Sheep/goats– Pigs/poultry
Applicability to farming systems - score– Pastoral– Agro-pastoral– Mixed– Commercial grassland – what do we mean by
this?
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