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Sllavko K. Kallfa
Radiological Signs
Shnja Radiologjike)
Prmbledhje Artikujsh nga
Radiopaedia.org
10
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insects and bugs
reptiles
mythical creatures
X-ray signs
insects and bugs
butterfly fracture.....................f.34
butterfly glioma.........................f.3
reptiles
cobra head sign.........................f.11
mythical creatures
cyclops lesion.............................f.21
medusa head..............................f.28
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=missinghttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=missinghttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/butterfly-gliomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/butterfly-gliomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cobra-head-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cobra-head-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cyclops-lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cyclops-lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/medusa-headhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/medusa-headhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/medusa-headhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cyclops-lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cobra-head-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/butterfly-gliomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=missing -
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Butterfly glioma
Dr Frank Gaillardet al.
A butterfly gliomarefers to ahigh grade astrocytoma,usually aGBM(WHO grade IV), which
crosses the midline via thecorpus callosum.Other white matter commissures are also
occasionally involved. The term butterfly refers to the symmetric wing like extensions across themidline.
Most frequently butterfly gliomas occur in the frontal lobes, crossing via the genu of the corpus
callosum, however posterior butterflies are also encountered.
Like all high grade gliomas the prognosis is dismal, and usually no attempt at 'curative' resectionis made.
Differential diagnosis
primary CNS lymphoma -especially inAIDSpatients cerebral toxoplasmosis -especially inAIDSpatients
tumefactive demyelination
cerebral metastases(rare)
occasionally a leptomeningeal process which fills thequadrigeminal andambient cisterns
can cause confusion
References
1. Lee HJ, Williams R, Kalnin A et-al. Toxoplasmosis of the corpus callosum: anotherbutterfly. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;166 (6): 1280-1.AJR Am J Roentgenol (citation)
-Pubmed citation
2. Rees JH, Smirniotopoulos JG, Jones RV et-al. Glioblastoma multiforme: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 1996;16 (6): 1413-38.Radiographics (abstract)-
Pubmed citation
http://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/diffuse-astrocytoma-gradinghttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/diffuse-astrocytoma-gradinghttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/diffuse-astrocytoma-gradinghttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/glioblastomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/glioblastomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/glioblastomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cns-tumours-classification-whohttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cns-tumours-classification-whohttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cns-tumours-classification-whohttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/corpus-callosumhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/corpus-callosumhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/corpus-callosumhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/primary-cns-lymphomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/primary-cns-lymphomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/hiv-aids-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hiv-aids-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-toxoplasmosis-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-toxoplasmosis-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hiv-aids-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hiv-aids-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hiv-aids-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/tumefactive_demyelinating_lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/tumefactive_demyelinating_lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/quadrigeminal-cistern-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/quadrigeminal-cistern-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ambient-cisternhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/ambient-cisternhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/ambient-cisternhttp://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/166/6/1280http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/166/6/1280http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/166/6/1280http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633432http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633432http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633432http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/16/6/1413.abstracthttp://radiographics.rsna.org/content/16/6/1413.abstracthttp://radiographics.rsna.org/content/16/6/1413.abstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8946545http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8946545http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8946545http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/16/6/1413.abstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633432http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/166/6/1280http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ambient-cisternhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/quadrigeminal-cistern-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/tumefactive_demyelinating_lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/hiv-aids-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-toxoplasmosis-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hiv-aids-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/primary-cns-lymphomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/corpus-callosumhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cns-tumours-classification-whohttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/glioblastomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/diffuse-astrocytoma-gradinghttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frank -
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Synonyms & Alternative Spellings
Synonyms or Alternative SpellingInclude in
Listings?
Butterfly gliomas
GBM butterfly
glioma Yep, this is what a butterfly looks like. Wikipedia source image here Photograph by
Dirk van der Made - for more photos see here.
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From the case:
Butterfly glioma
Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly1802http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly1802http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly1802 -
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From the case:
Butterfly glioma
Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly1802http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly1802http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly1802 -
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From the case:Butterfly glioblastoma (gross pathology)
Modality: Gross pathology
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioblastoma-gross-pathologyhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioblastoma-gross-pathologyhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioblastoma-gross-pathologyhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioblastoma-gross-pathology -
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Butterfly glioma
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From the
case:Butterfly glioma
Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioma-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioma-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioma-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioma-1 -
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From the case:
Butterfly glioma
Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioma-2http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioma-2http://radiopaedia.org/cases/butterfly-glioma-2 -
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Cobra head sign
Dr Ian BickleandRadswikiet al.
The cobra head sign(or spring onion sign) refers to dilatation of the distal ureter, surroundedby a thin lucent line, which is seen in patients with an adult-typeureterocoele.The presence ofthis cobra head appearance is an indicator of uncomplicated ureterocele.
The lucent hood represents the combined thickness of the ureteral wall and prolapsed bladder
mucosa, outlined by contrast material within the bladder lumen.
This lucent line should be thin and well defined. Any thickening, irregularity, or loss of
definition of the cobras hood should raise concern for the presence of a pseudoureterocoele.
References
1. Dyer RB, Chen MY, Zagoria RJ. Classic signs in uroradiology. Radiographics.
2004;24 Suppl 1 : S247-80.doi:10.1148/rg.24si045509-Pubmed citation
2. Chavhan GB. The cobra head sign. Radiology. 2002;225 (3): 781-2.Radiology (full
text)-doi:10.1148/radiol.2253011206-Pubmed citation
Synonyms & Alternative Spellings
Synonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?Adder head sign
Cobra-head sign
Adder's head sign
Spring onion sign
Cobra's head sign
http://radiopaedia.org/users/clonvarahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/clonvarahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/radswikihttp://radiopaedia.org/users/radswikihttp://radiopaedia.org/users/radswikihttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudoureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudoureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudoureterocoelehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.24si045509http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.24si045509http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.24si045509http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486245http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486245http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486245http://radiology.rsna.org/content/225/3/781.fullhttp://radiology.rsna.org/content/225/3/781.fullhttp://radiology.rsna.org/content/225/3/781.fullhttp://radiology.rsna.org/content/225/3/781.fullhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2253011206http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2253011206http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2253011206http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12461261http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12461261http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12461261http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12461261http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2253011206http://radiology.rsna.org/content/225/3/781.fullhttp://radiology.rsna.org/content/225/3/781.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486245http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.24si045509http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudoureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/radswikihttp://radiopaedia.org/users/clonvara -
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From the case:Ureterocoele
Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoele -
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From the case:Ureterocoele
Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoelehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoele -
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Ureterocele
From the case:Ureterocele
Modality: Fluoroscopy
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocele-4 -
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Ureterocele Post
intravenous diureteric 30 mins film shows complete wash out of contrastFrom the case:Ureterocele
Modality: Fluoroscopy
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocele-4 -
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From the
case:Ureterocoele
Modality: Fluoroscopy
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoele-4 -
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From the case:
Ureterocoele
Modality: Fluoroscopy
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoele-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/ureterocoele-4 -
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Cyclops lesion
Dr Frank Gaillardet al.
A cyclops lesion, (also known as localised anterior arthrofibrosis) , is usually found as acomplication ofACL repairs.
Epidemiology
Cyclops lesions occur with an estimated frequency of 1 - 9.8% of patients following anterior
cruciate ligament reconstruction. They are rarely encountered in patients who have not had ACL
reconstruction, but have nonetheless sustained ACL injuries3.
Clinical presentation
When symptomatic the knee has difficulty fulling extending and is painful when attempts aremade, with an eventual audible and palpable clunk. It typically presents8 to 32 weeks (16
weeks on average) after ACL repair3.
Pathophysiology
The exact aetiology is uncertain, and may be related to gradual fraying and bunching up of ACL
or graft fibres, excessive fibrosis, or alternatively due to uplifting of fibrocartilaginous tissueduring drilling of the tibia for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction serves as a nidus for
fibrous tissue deposition.
The end result, regardless of cause, is a rounded fibrous ball sitting in the intercondylarnotch. Pathologically, the lesion consists of central granulation tissue surrounded by dense
fibrous tissue.
Radiographic features
MRI
As with other internal derangements of the knee, MRI is the modality of choice for assessing the
post operative knee.
At MR imaging, a soft-tissue mass is seen anteriorly or anterolaterally in the intercondylar notch
near the tibial insertion of the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament.
Because of its fibrous content, a cyclops lesion typically has intermediate to low signal intensity
with all pulse sequences.
Treatment and prognosis
http://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=acl-repairshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=acl-repairshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=acl-repairshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=acl-repairshttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frank -
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Treatment is arthroscopic excision.
Etymology
The lesion was so named because of its bulbous appearance and characteristic focal areas of
reddish-blue discoloration (from venous channels) that resemble an eye at arthroscopy.
References
1. Mccauley TR. MR imaging evaluation of the postoperative knee. Radiology. 2005;234(1): 53-61.doi:10.1148/radiol.2341031302-Pubmed citation
2. Sheldon PJ, Forrester DM, Learch TJ. Imaging of intraarticular masses. Radiographics.
25 (1): 105-19.doi:10.1148/rg.251045050-Pubmed citation
3. Runyan BR, Bancroft LW, Peterson JJ et-al. Cyclops lesions that occur in the absence
of prior anterior ligament reconstruction. Radiographics. 27 (6): e26.doi:10.1148/rg.e26-Pubmed citation
Synonyms & Alternative Spellings
Synonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?
Localised anterior arthrofibrosis
http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2341031302http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2341031302http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2341031302http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15564389http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15564389http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15564389http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.251045050http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.251045050http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.251045050http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653590http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653590http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653590http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.e26http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.e26http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.e26http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17712103http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17712103http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17712103http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.e26http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653590http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.251045050http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15564389http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2341031302 -
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cyclops lesion Original wikipedia file here
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From the case:Cyclops
lesion
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesion -
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cyclops lesion
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cyclops_lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cyclops_lesionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cyclops_lesion -
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From the case:Cyclops lesion
Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesion-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesion-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesion-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesion-1 -
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From the case:Cyclops lesion
Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesion-2http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesion-2http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesion-2http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cyclops-lesion-2 -
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Medusa By Carvaggio Author:
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio or Caravaggio (1573(1573)1610(1610))Original file:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusa_by_Carvaggio.jpgModifications: background and
dropshadowLicense: This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has
expired.This applies to the United States, Australia, the European Union and those countries with a
copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years.
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From the case:Developmental venous anomaly
Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/developmental-venous-anomaly-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/developmental-venous-anomaly-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/developmental-venous-anomaly-4http://radiopaedia.org/cases/developmental-venous-anomaly-4 -
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From the
case:Venous angioma
Modality: CT
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/venous-angiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/venous-angiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/venous-angiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/venous-angioma -
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From the case:
Venous angioma
Modality: CT
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/venous-angiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/venous-angiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/venous-angioma -
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Butterfly Fracture
Butterfly FractureA fracture in which the centre fragment is triangular shaped.
Butterfly Fracture
No particular mechanism is associated with butterfly fractures
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In In this
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example, there is a comminuted fracture of the mid and distal diaphysis of the tibia with a butterfly
fragment (A).this example, there is a comminuted fracture of the mid and distal diaphysis of the tibia
with a butterfly fragment (A).
A comminuted fracture has multiple fracture lines that communicate to a single point or plane. The
large fragments are generally referred to as "butterfly" fragments. In this example, there is acomminuted fracture of the mid and distal diaphysis of the tibia with a butterfly fragment (A).