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RADI LARIAVOLUME 20 SEPTEMBER 2002

NEWSLETTER OF THE

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOLARIAN PALEONTOLOGISTS

ISSN: 0297.5270

International Association of Radiolarian PaleontologistsA Research Group of the International Paleontological Association

INTERRAD

Officers of the Association

PresidentPETER BAUMBARTNER

Lausanne, [email protected]

Past PresidentJOYCE R. BLUEFORD

California, [email protected]

Secretary

JONATHAN AITCHISONDepartment of Earth Sciences

University of Hong KongPokfulam Road,

Hong Kong SAR, CHINA

Tel: (852) 2859 8047Fax: (852) 2517 6912e-mail: [email protected]

Treasurer

ELSPETH URQUHARTJOIDES Office

Department of Geology and GeophysicsUniversity of Miami - RSMAS4600 Rickenbacker Causeway

Miami FL 33149FloridaU.S.A.

Tel: 1-305-361-4668Fax: 1-305-361-4632

Email: [email protected]

Working Group Chairmen

PaleozoicPATRICIA, WHALEN, U.S.A.

[email protected]

MesozoicRIE S. HORI Matsuyama, JAPAN

[email protected]

CenozoicANNIKA SANFILIPPO California, U.S.A.

[email protected]

RecentDEMETRIO BOLTOVSKOY Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA

[email protected]

INTERRAD is an international non-profit organization for researchers interested in all aspects of radiolarian taxonomy,palaeobiology, morphology, biostratigraphy, biology, ecology and paleoecology. INTERRAD is a Research Group of theInternational Paleontological Association (IPA). Since 1978 members of INTERRAD meet every three years to present papers andexchange ideas and materials

INTERRAD MEMBERSHIP: The international Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists is open to any one interested on receipt ofsubscription. The actual fee US $ 15 per year. Membership queries and subscription send to Treasurer. Changes of address can besent to the Secretary.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES: The bibliographies are produced by the Secretary. Any suggestion, reprints of articles and details of omissionshould be sent to him directly. Please send reprints of any radiolarian article to the Secretary this facilitate the edition offorthcoming bibliographies.

RADIOLARIA

Newsletter of the International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists

ISSN: 0297-5270

VOLUME 20 SEPTEMBER 2002

Editor: Jonathan Aitchison

CONTENTS

EDITORS NOTE .....................................................................................................................................2

THE PLIENSBACHIAN TO AALENIAN WORKING GROUP S. Gorican and E.S. Carter.....3

T/J BOUNDARY WORKING GROUP E. S. Carter and Rie S. Hori.....4

PALEOZOIC WORKING GROUP Patricia Whalen.....5

LATE CRETACEOUS – EARLY PALEOGENE WORKING GROUP – UPDATE Chris Hollis.....6

RADIOLARIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY 2001-2002 Jonathan Aitchison.....7

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EDITORS NOTE

Another year has passed since the last issueof RADIOLARIA. Doubtless many of you arelooking forward to our next meeting being orga-nized by Peter and colleagues in Laussanne. Ihope to see you all there.

Thanks to all of you who contributed copiesor details of publications, working group reportsand other material to this rather slim issue.

Without your contributions many would losetouch of what is happening in the rad world.Unless I get around to producing another issuebefore the meeting next year this will be my lasttime as secretary of Interrad and editor of thisnewsletter. I wish my successor my joy in con-tinuing this tradition.

Regards Jonathan Aitchison

Radiolaria 20 Forum

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THE PLIENSBACHIAN TO AALENIAN WORKING GROUP

Spela Gorican and Elizabeth Carter

The Pliensbachian – Aalenian Working Group was formed in 2000 and the first meeting was held in

July 2001 in Ljubljana with six members in attendance: Beth Carter, Paulian Dumitrica, Spela Gorican,

Rie Hori, Luis O’Dogherty and Patricia Whalen. The purpose of the group is to produce a catalogue and

a zonation (similar to that of Baumgartner et al. 1995) for the Pliensbachian, Toarcian and Aalenian.

Zonation of these stages is essential to span the missing interval between the well established Hettan-

gian to Sinemurian (Carter et al. 1998) and Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous (Baumgartner et al.

1995) radiolarian biozones.

The systematics of 280 taxa has been agreed upon thus far and will be included in the catalogue. Each

taxon will be presented with an up-to-date synonymy, original and subsequent definitions, remarks, and

data on geographic distribution. Plates will illustrate the holotype and sufficient other specimens from

different paleogeographic realms to clearly illustrate intraspecific variability.

The biochronological scale will integrate radiolarian-occurrence data from measured sections in the Cir-

cum-Pacific belt (Baja California, Oregon, British Columbia, Japan) and the Tethyan realm (Oman, Tur-

key, Slovenia, Austria). Jean Guex will be involved in calculating the range chart (protoreferential) using

the BioGraph computer program which is based on the Unitary Association Method (UA). Calibration

for this new zonation will be based on ammonites co-occurring with radiolarians in Queen Charlotte Is-

lands (British Columbia).

The first draft of the zonation will be presented at the 6th ISJS meeting in Palermo; the final version is

planned for end 2003.

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T/J BOUNDARY WORKING GROUP

Elizabeth S. Carter and Rie S. Hori

Studies of the Triassic/Jurassic boundary at Kennecott Point and Kunga Island in Queen Charlotte Is-lands continue. Fieldwork in the summer of 2000 focused on finely detailed sampling of the isotope andradiolarian successions across the boundary interval at both localities. Closely spaced ash beds rightaround the boundary were collected for age dating and a system of permanent markers was put in placeat Kunga Island. A paper discussing the relationship between the observed negative isotope anomalyand the end-Triassic radiolarian extinction was published in a recent issue of Science (Ward et al. 2001)(see bibliography this publication for reference and abstract).

In other news, IGCP 458 - Triassic-Jurassic Boundary Events, was established in 2001 with fundingscheduled for 2001-2005. The leaders of this project are Jozsef Pálfy (Hungary), Steven Hesselbo (UK)and Chris McRoberts (USA). Several Interrad members (Beth Carter, Jean Guex, Rie Hori, KeisukeIshida, Atsushi Matsuoka, and Kagan Tekin) are currently involved in this project. If any others areinterested, please contact Jozsef Pálfy ([email protected]).

At the first Workshop of Project 458 in Taunton, England, October 2001, our Queen Charlotte Islandsgroup (Haggart et al. - see bibliography this issue) presented a poster reporting multidisciplinary results.An abstract on the radiolarian fauna was submitted also. Updated results on T-J boundary sections inQueen Charlotte Islands will be presented at the 6th.Jurassic Symposium in Palermo, Sicily this comingSeptember 2002.

News of T/J boundary study from Japan:Rie Hori is reexamining radiolarian biostratigraphy at the T/J boundary in the Inuyama area for detailcomparison with recent radiolarian data from Queen Charlotte provided by Beth Carter and, togetherwith a student, is studying geochemical analysis in the boundary layers. Preliminary results suggest aninfluence of impact ejecta existing in the T/J boundary strata.A. Matsuoka, and N. Suzuki are also summarizing radiolarian data at the T/J boundary from Philippineand Japan as co-working project. These results will be discussed at the workshop, Okinawa Is., No-vember 2002.

We would be pleased if other workers concerned with radiolarians around the T-J boundary wouldplease send news of their activities to either E.S. Carter of R.S. Hori for inclusion in the next WorkingGroup Report in RADIOLARIA.

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PALEOZOIC WORKING GROUP

Dear Paleozoic Colleagues,We look forward to hearing about your research activities and recent publications. If you would takethe time to complete the following questionnaire, the editor can include it in the next version of thisnewsletter. Please send contributions via email.Thank you. Patricia Whalen

EMAIL OR FAX: Email: [email protected] FAX: 501-253-2031MAIL: Dr. Patricia Whalen, Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 118Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A1. NAME:

2. ADDRESS:

3. PHONE:4. FAX:5. EMAIL:6. OCCUPATION:

For the next three questions, 7-9, it would be very helpful if you wrote a short paragraph describing thehighlights of your research and field work - what you are really excited about. Also important are theprojects that you are supervising with your graduate students and post-docs. Don't let this form crampyour style - just let us know what you have been doing!

7. CURRENT RESEARCH INTERESTS/PROJECTS, INCLUDING THE WORK OF YOURGRADUATE STUDENTS AND POST-DOCS:

8. NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS:

9. FIELD WORK, TRAVEL AND CONFERENCES:

10: RECENT PUBLICATIONS:

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LATE CRETACEOUS – EARLY PALEOGENEWORKING GROUP - UPDATE

Members Yoshiaki Aita, Marta Bak, Peter Baumgartner, Kjell Bjørklund, Chuck Blome, Taniel Danel-ian, Paulian Dumitrica, Valesca Portilla Eilert, John Gregory, Chris Hollis, Donna Hull, Liu Jianbing,Kiyoshi Kawabata, Irina Khokhlova, Hsin Yi Ling, Marta Marcucci, Atsushi Matsuoka, Cathy Nigrini,Akiko Nishimura, Irina Popova, Mensi Rela, Toyasaburo Sakai, Annika Sanfilippo, Tatiana Shikova,Torstein Steiger, Osamu Takahashi, Elspeth Urquhart, Valentina Vishnevskaya.

Co-chairs Hollis and Sanfilippo

Aim of working group: The aim of this working group is to co-ordinate research effort in Late Creta-ceous-Eocene radiolarians in order to (1) better understand radiolarian evolution through the Cretaceous-Cenozoic transition and (2) to improve the utility of radiolarians as guides to environmental changesacross the K/T and P/E boundaries.The first step towards achieving this aim is the integration of regional biozonations, which requires con-sistency in the identification of key species. To assist in the consistent application of species concepts,we intend to establish a web-based taxonomic database of regional key species. The primary focus islatest Cretaceous (Campanian) to early Eocene, but we encourage all researchers studying Late Creta-ceous and Paleogene radiolarians to contribute to the database.

Progress: There has been limited progress on the items identified for action at INTERRAD 2000, i.e.initiation of a taxonomic database; translation of Kozlova monograph, and development of an IGCPproposal.The working group agreed to establish a taxonomic database via two web sites: Jane Dolven’s “Radio-laria.org” (www.radiolaria.org) and Radworld (Nigrini, Caulet & Sanfilippo:http://www.mnhn.fr/mnhn/geo/radworld/radworldsite/radsearch.html). Jane’s website is useful fordownloading preliminary data, including photographs from regional collections, which may require dis-cussion and modification. Radworld is useful for collating original descriptions and illustrations. Bothweb sites are now up and running and working group members are encouraged to contribute.Jean-Pierre Caulet has found time to translate parts of the Kozlova monograph into English, notablydescriptions of plagiacanthid and archipilid taxa and the Paleogene biozonation.Chris Hollis has been following up various ideas for IGCP proposal but has not yet investigated thepotential for a project on “radiolarians as indicators of past productivity changes” with an emphasis onepisodes of major global changes in the Late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic. IGCP support is still seenas a good way to promote the working group – but may need to be discussed again in 2003.

Current research activitiesDumitrica: Late Cretaceous of Oman, Romania and ItalyEilert: Late Cretaceous, BrazilHollis: Paleocene of ODP Site 1121 (Leg 181); Paleocene-Eocene transition in Clarence Valley, Marl-borough, New Zealand; review of global biosiliceous sedimentation patterns through the Paleocene-Eocene transition as part of NSF BIOPE program.Sanfilippo: Eocene of ODP Leg 199

Radiolaria 20 Bibliography - 2001-2002

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 2001-2002

Jonathan Aitchison

This compilation contains 130 references, mostly covering the 2001-2002 period. This list of publications has beenpossible thanks to the collaboration of colleagues who have sent their articles and I am grateful to all who have done this.

AFANASIEVA, M. S. 2002. A New Classification of Paleozoic Radiolaria.Paleontological Journal 36 (2), 14-29.

A new classification of Paleozoic Radiolaria is developed. Thesubphylum Radiolaria includes two classes, i.e., Pheodaria andPolycystina. The class Polycystina is composed of the followingseven orders: Sphaerellaria Haeckel, 1881, StauraxonariaAfanasieva, 2000, Aculearia Afanasieva, 1999, AlbaillellariaDeflandre, 1953, emend. Afanasieva, 1999, Pylomaria Afanasieva,1999, Nassellaria* Ehrenberg, 1847, and Collodaria* Haeckel,1881 (* unknown in the Paleozoic). The diagnoses of 87 radiolariantaxa are given, among them five orders, 18 superfamilies, 28families, and 36 subfamilies.

A FANASIEVA, M. S. & MIKHAILOVA, M. V. 2001. TheDomanik Formation of the Timan–Pechora Basin:Radiolarians, Biostratigraphy, and SedimentationConditions. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 9 (5),419-440.A diverse radiolarian assemblage of 127 species was studied forthe first time from the middle Frasnian Domanik Formation of theTiman–Pechora province. The availability of sponge spicules,acritarchs, and rhizomorphs is proved. After a detailed analysis ofmacerated radiolarians, three subassemblages (lower Rdm-1, middleRdm-2, upper Rdm-3) of substantially different quantitative andqualitative composition were distinguished in the Moskovistellaallbororum–Ceratoikiscum ukhtensis radiolarian assemblage.Echinate species of Aculearia prevail over spherical Sphaerellariaforms, and this suggests a relatively cold conditions in bottomwater mass. Cyclically changing taphocoenoses testify tosignificant ecological rearrangements during the Domanik time. Anew interpretation of depositional conditions for Domanik Formationsediments in the southern Timan–Pechora basin of Russia ispresented.

AIELLO, I. W. & HAGSTRUM, J. T. 2001. Paleomagnetism andpaleogeography of Jurassic radiolarian cherts from theNorthern Apennines of Italy. Geological Society o fAmerica Bulletin 113 (4), 469-481.Oriented samples of Jurassic radiolarian chert were collected fromthe Tuscan domain (continental margin) and the Ligurid domain(oceanic) of the northern Apennines for paleomagnetic study todetermine the paleogeographic origins of these rocks. The oceanicrocks are all thermochemically overprinted by a mostly reversed-polarity component of magnetization (B) that was likely acquiredduring late Miocene regional uplift of the northern Apennines. Thiscomponent also dominates the lower brittle chert of the TuscanCherts, but disappears upsection in the more clay-rich and ductilesiliceous maristones. In addition, the Tuscan Cherts retain aninferred primary magnetization (C), isolated at temperaturesbetween 560 and 660 °C, which passes a fold test and shows apolarity stratigraphy. This component indicates a paleolatitude of11° ± 4°N, and a counterclockwise vertical-axis rotation of 29° ± 9°with respect to the southern Alps of Italy, of 49° ± 8° with respectto Africa, and of 91° ± 8° with respect to Eurasia. Our resultssuggest that the Tuscan domain was farther south than other deep-water continental margin sections of Adria, and that transcurrentfaulting might have played a significant role in the orogenicevolution of the northern Apennines.

AITA, Y., SAKAI, T., TAKEMURA, A., et al. 2001. Unlockingthe radiolarian record from the Mesozoic terranes of NewZealand: Investigating the southern high latitude

paleoceanographic history. In: ( M A T S U O K A, A. eds).Paleoceanography of the Panthalassa-Tethys Invitation toGlobal Field Science Topics in Paleontology 2 . 1-16.Paleontological Society of Japan.

ANDO, A., KODAMA, K. & KOJIMA, S. 2001. Low-latitude andSouthern Hemisphere origin of Anisian (Triassic) beddedchert in the Inuyama area, Mino Terrane, central Japan.Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets106 (2), 1973-1986.

B A K , K., BA K , M. & PA U L , Z. 2001. Barnasiowkaradiolarian shale formation; a new lithostratigraphic unit inthe upper Cenomanian-lowermost Turonian of the PolishOuter Carpathians (Silesian Series). Annales SocietatisGeologorum Poloniae 71 (2), 75-103.

BAKHTEEV, M. K., PALECHEK, T. N., TIKHOMIROVA, S. R. &MOROZOV, O. A. 2002. Campanian Radiolarians from theNorthern Part of the Valaginskii Ridge (EasternKamchatka). Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 1 0(4), 365-374.The allochthonous northwestern and central tectonic sheets of theValaginskii Group have been studied in the eastern Kamchatka.Cherty rocks of the Poputnaya and Golubaya sequences yield hereabundant radiolarians. The results of radiolarian analysis imply thatboth sequences accumulated concurrently in the late Campaniantime. Data on taxonomic composition, morphology, and abundancerates of radiolarian taxa from the Valaginskii Ridge suggest thatsome of their assemblages populated an ecotone between the high-latitude and temperate zones:The allochthonous northwestern andcentral tectonic sheets of the Valaginskii Group have been studiedin the eastern Kamchatka. Cherty rocks of the Poputnaya andGolubaya sequences yield here abundant radiolarians. The results ofradiolarian analysis imply that both sequences accumulatedconcurrently in the late Campanian time. Data on taxonomiccomposition, morphology, and abundance rates of radiolarian taxafrom the Valaginskii Ridge suggest that some of their assemblagespopulated an ecotone between the high-latitude and temperatezones.

BARTOLINI, A. & LARSON, R. L. 2001. Pacific Microplateand the Pangea supercontinent in the Early to MiddleJurassic. Geology (Boulder) 29 (8), 735-738.New biostratigraphic data based on radiolarians recovered fromdeep within the oceanic crustal section of Ocean Drilling ProgramHole 801C in the western Pacific, along with existing radiometricinformation, date this oceanic crust as late Bajocian-early Bathonian(170-165 Ma). The overlying basal sediments at Hole 801C areessentially identical in age (middle Bathonian, 164-162 Ma) to thebasal sediments at Deep Sea Drilling Program Hole 534A in thecentral Atlantic. We estimate the time of formation of the Pacificplate as 175-170 Ma and the time of initial separation of thePangea supercontinent in the central Atlantic as 190-180 Ma. Wealso identify a time of extensive subduction-zone magmatism (175-159 Ma) at the eastern and western edges of Pangea. We suggestthat the initial plate separation of Pangea increased subductionrates at its outer margins and altered the plate boundaries in thePacific superocean, leading to formation of the Pacific plate.

Bibliography - 2001-2002 Radiolaria 20

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BILL, M., O, D. L., GUEX, J., et al. 2001. Radiolarite ages inAlpine-Mediterranean ophiolites; constraints on theoceanic spreading and the Tethys-Atlantic connection.Geological Society of America Bulletin 113 (1), 129-143.The history of continental breakup and oceanic spreading of theAlpine Tethys is defined by a revision of isotopic and biochronologicages of 65 stratigraphic sections located in the Alps, Apennines,Betic Cordillera, Rif, and central Atlantic and a reinterpretation ofthe stratigraphic sequences of surpraophiolitic radiolarites. Thebiochronology of radiolarites is revised by using the deterministicapproach known as the unitary association method. During the earlyBajocian (unitary association zone, UAZ 3) radiolarite sedimentationbegan at the continental margin. Biochronologic ages determined inthe lowermost radiolarites in basinal sequences of Tethyan marginsare synchronous and mark a regional change in sedimentationregime in the Alpine Tethys. The onset of oceanic spreading of theAlpine Tethys is dated by isotopic methods as Bajocian, and isconsistent with the timing of the structural evolution of thecontinental margins. The earliest fragments of Tethyan oceaniccrust are characterized by the associations of ophiolites with deep-sea sediments, and coarse reworked sediments including platformand continental basement fragments. The earliest ophiolites alsoshow geochemical affinities with synrift and transitional mid-oceanic-ridge basalts. The oldest radiolarites on oceanic crust areso far dated as Bathonian (UAZ 6) and are located in the Gets nappe(western Alps), in the Balagne nappe (Corsica), and in the centralAtlantic (Deep Sea Drilling Project [DSDP]; Site 534A). The oldestremnants of Alpine Tethyan crust have been identified in weaklymetamorphosed cover nappes that occupy an external tectonicposition in the Alpine orogenic belts, as compared to the mainophiolitic sutures. Thus, the older relics of oceanic lithosphere werethe first to be accreted and transported onto the foreland during thecollision. Siliceous sedimentation during the early Bajocian iscorrelated with westward deep-water circulation in the AlpineTethys related to the opening of deep seaways between Laurasiaand Gondwana. In the central Atlantic no radiolarites, but thinradiolarian-rich layers, were deposited during the earliest Bathonian(UAZ 6). The similarity between radiolarian faunal assemblages andages in the Northern Alps, Gets nappe, Betic Cordillera, and Site534 (DSDP Leg 76) suggest a Middle Jurassic connection betweenthe Alpine Tethys and central Atlantic. Biochronologic and isotopicages currently indicate that oceanic spreading of the Alpine Tethysbegan during the Bajocian and continued until the Kimmeridgian.

BRAGIN, N., BRAGINA, L., TUNOGLU, C. & TEKIN, U. K.2001. The Cenomanian (late Cretaceous) radiolarians fromthe Tomalar formation, Central Pontides, Northern Turkey.Geologica Carpathica 52 (6), 349-360.The lower part of the Late Cretaceous Tomalar Formation(Devrekani Basin, Central Pontides, northern Turkey) ischaracterized by the presence of light-green ribbon cherts andcherty mudstones (approximately 10 m thick) with abundant well-preserved Radiolaria. The presence and coexistence of such taxa asAcaeniotyle macrospina, Archaeospongoprunum salumi, Becushorridus, Cavaspongia euganea, Dactyliodiscus longispinus,Halesium sexangulum, Hexapyramis pantanellii, Pessagnobrachiairregularis, Pyramispongia glascockensis, Savaryella quadra,Vitorfus brustolensis, Novixitus dengoi, N. weyli, Phalangites telumand others clearly indicate the Cenomanian age. The TomalarFormation covers the whole Upper Cretaceous due to the presenceof Maastrichtian planktonic Foraminifera from the upper part of thisformation. The radiolarian assemblage of the Tomalar Formationcorrelates well with the coeval fauna of the Western Mediterranean.

BRATHAUER, U., ABELMANN, A., GERSONDE, R., et al. 2001.Calibration of Cycladophora davisiana events versusoxygen isotope stratigraphy in the subantarctic AtlanticOcean; a stratigraphic tool for carbonate-poor Quaternarysediments. Marine Geology 175 (1-4), 167-181.We calibrated the Cycladophora davisiana abundances versusoxygen isotope stratigraphy back to 220 ka for the subantarcticAtlantic Ocean. The relative abundances of C. davisiana and ∂ (su18

O measurements of benthic and planktic foraminifera have beendetermined in two sediment cores. Oxygen isotope stratigraphy hasbeen used to date the C. davisiana records and to assign SPECMAPages to the C. davisiana events. Comparisons with an existingcalibration from the subantarctic Indian Ocean show, that the C.davisiana events "b2 , c1 , c2 , d, e1 , e2 , e3 , f, h, i1 and i2 " occursynchronous within the errors of the oxygen isotope stratigraphy inthe Indian and the Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean. Larger

deviations occur only for events "b1 " and "g". Furthermore, thelong-term fluctuations in C. davisiana abundances have beenstudied in a sediment core covering the last 700 kyr. Based onbiostratigraphic extinction levels, ages for early Brunhes C.davisiana events have been estimated. Major C. davisianaabundance maxima occur approximately every 100 ka inconjunction with glacial/interglacial cycles over the entire record.

BUCKMAN, S. & AITCHISON, J. C. 2001. Middle Ordovician(Llandeilan) radiolarians from West Junggar, Xinjiang,China. Micropaleontology 47 (4), 359-367.A distinctive long-spined Inaniguttid dominated radiolarian fauna ispresent in cherts of the Kekesayi terrane in west Junggar, XinjiangProvince, China. This fauna contains moderately well preservedspecimens of Protoceratoikiscum clarksoni on which the presenceof caveal ribs and patagial tissue can be observed. Characteristicsof the fauna are similar to others of correlative late MiddleOrdovician (Llandeilan) age known from Scotland (U.K.) suggestingthat Protoceratoikiscum clarksoni may be biostratigraphicallyuseful.

CARTER, E. S. 2001. Extinction and recovery of radiolariansat the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in Queen CharlotteIslands: implications for global productivity collapse (eds).p. IGCP SW England Workshop, 13-17 October, Abstracts7 .The mass extinction and recovery of radiolarians at the T-Jboundary is documented in thick, continuous sections at twolocalities in Queen Charlotte Islands: Kunga Island and KennecottPoint. Radiolarians are abundant throughout both sequences;accessory faunas include conodonts, and rare ammonites of lateRhaetian and early Hettangian age.The Rhaetian radiolarian fauna is rich and diverse, composed largelyof spumellarian and nassellarian genera originating in the lateCarnian and Norian. Many distinctive new species arise in theRhaetian even in the upper beds. Over 65 described species arepresent at the base of the Globolaxtorum tozeri Zone (the topmostradiolarian zone of the Triassic) on Kunga Island. The abruptdisappearance of this fauna takes place over an interval of ~5 mwith over 45 species disappearing in the topmost 1.5 m. Above thislevel, the fauna is entirely changed. Lower Hettangian beds containa low diversity fauna composed of simple spumellarians withirregular meshwork and primitive rod-like spines; nassellarians arecomparatively rare and unusually small. These radiolarians areassigned to the lower Hettangian Canoptum merum Zone, which isequivalent to the North American Psilocerras assemblage of theammonoid standard zonal sequence.Less than twenty genera survive the T-J boundary in QueenCharlotte Islands but not all are present in the lower Hettangian.About half continue to radiate in the Lower Jurassic and beyond,while others are rare and soon disappear. Only about 10 speciessurvive the boundary and nearly all die out in the Hettangian. Thefaunal sequence at Kennecott Point is similar to Kunga Island, butscarcity of well preserved faunas in tuffaceous boundary bedsmakes the numbers less striking.Eleven new genera appear in the lower Hettangian and about 30species gradually accrue from these and other surviving genera;there are no extinctions. Several more genera appear in the middleand upper Hettangian and species diversity gradually rises.Nassellarian diversity increases dramatically in the Sinemurian(especially among multicyrtids), with 65 species recorded by theend of the stage. Throughout this time analogous morphologicalchanges are recognized in the spumellarian population: meshworkbecomes more regular, and the simple rod-like spines give way tothe more advanced tri-radiate type.The pattern of extinction and recovery seen in radiolarians fromQueen Charlotte Islands parallels trends seen in T-J boundaryfaunas from Japan. This suggests that the end-Triassicmicroplankton extinction may have been worldwide in extent, afactor likely to affect other groups higher in the food chain.

CARTER, E. S. 2002. Micropaleontology of radiolarians -Proceedings of INTERRAD IX - Introduction.Micropaleontology 48, II-II.

CHIARI, M., MARCUCCI, M. & PRELA, M. 2002. New speciesof Jurassic radiolarians in the sedimentary cover ofophiolites in the Mirdita area, Albania. Micropaleontology48 , 61-87.


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Well-preserved radiolarian faunas have been extracted from twelvesections in Middle and Upper Jurassic cherts of the sedimentarycover of ophiolites in the Mirdita area of northern Albania. Theradiolarians are late Bajocian-early Oxfordian in age. Thirty-tworadiolarian species are illustrated; thirteen species are described asnew, the remainder are discussed informally. The ranges of all taxaare correlated with the Unitary Association Zones (UAZ) ofBaumgartner et al. (1995b).

CLUZEL, D., AITCHISON, J. C. & PICARD, C. 2001. Tectonicaccretion and underplating of mafic terranes in the lateEocene intraoceanic fore-arc of New Caledonia (SouthwestPacific); geodynamic implications. Tectonophysics 3 4 0(1-2), 23-59.This paper deals with the tectonic events that result in theaccretion of mafic terranes in the fore-arc region and a closejuxtaposition of ultramafic rocks, low grade and high-grade maficterranes in many collisional orogens. The example is taken from NewCaledonia where tectonic accretion, subduction, underplating andobduction of mafic terranes took place during the late Eocene in anintra-oceanic forearc setting. The late Eocene tectonic complexcomprised three major terranes: an overlying ultramafic, mainlyharzburgitic allochthon named the Ophiolitic Nappe, an intermediatemafic, mainly basaltic off-scraped melange, composed of kilometre-scale slices of oceanic upper crust, called the Poya Terrane, partsof which have been metamorphosed into an eclogite/blueschistfacies complex, the Pouebo Terrane; and a lower, continentalbasement formed by the Norkolk Ridge terranes. Based uponexhaustive sampling of the mafic terranes and field surveys, ourtectonic, micropaleontologic and geochemical data reveal that Poyaand Pouebo terranes rocks originally formed within one singleCampanian to late Paleocene oceanic basin, floored by tholeiiticbasalt associated with some minor seamount-related intraplatealkali basalt. The tholeiitic basalt displays a continuous range ofcompositions spanning between "undepleted" and "depleted" end-members; the former being volumetrically predominant. The overallgeochemical and isotopic features indicate an origin from aprominently heterogeneous mantle source during the opening of amarginal basin, the South Loyalty Basin, which almost completelydisappeared during Eocene convergence. The opening of this basinoriginally located to the east of the Norfolk Ridge was synchronouswith that of Tasman Sea basin as a consequence of oceanwardmigration of the west-dipping Pacific subduction zone. Establishingthe origin of the ultramafic Ophiolitic Nappe is beyond the scope ofthis paper; however, it appears to be genetically unrelated to themafic Poya and Pouebo terranes. Although it was located in the LateEocene fore-arc, the Ophiolitic Nappe and the corresponding oceaniclithosphere originated before the Late Cretaceous, to the east ofthe South Loyalty Basin in a back-arc setting; or alternatively in amuch older, trapped basin. For reasons that remain unclear, a neweast-dipping subduction started in the Eocene and consumed mostof the South Loyalty Basin, forming the intra-oceanic Loyalty Arc.Due to a changing subduction regime (underplating of the DiahotTerrane?), the mafic slices that now form the Poya Terrane weretectonically accreted in the Loyalty fore-arc region and remainedunder low pressure-low temperature conditions (possibly at thesubsurface) until the Norfolk Ridge reached the subduction zonediachronously. This resulted in the final obduction of the fore-arcarea. The two-step obduction involved first the mafic complexforming the Poya Terrane and thereafter the lithospheric mantlethat now forms the Ophiolitic Nappe. In contrast, pieces of theaccretionary complex were dragged down into the subduction zone,underplated at depth ca. 70 km and metamorphosed into high-temperature eclogite to form the Pouebo Terrane metamorphics thatdisplay the same geochemical features as the Poya Terrane basalt.A mid-to-late Eocene syntectonic piggy-back sedimentary basin(the Nepoui flysch basin) mainly filled with mafic clastic materialand shallow water carbonates that record the progressive uplift ofthe fore-arc region due to the accretion and underplating of maficocean-related and other material. In contrast, a slightly youngerforeland basin located upon the Norfolk Ridge (the Priabonian BourailFlysch basin) received a massive input of detrital material derivedfrom the Norfolk Ridge itself and a time-increasing amount of mafic,Poya-derived material that recorded the first step of obduction.Thereafter, the Bourail Flysch was overthrust by the Poya Terraneand finally by the Ophiolitic Nappe. At the same time, buoyancy-driven uplift and exhumation of the high-pressure metamorphics.

CONAN, S. M. H., IVANOVA, E. M. & BRUMMER, G. J. A.2002. Quantifying carbonate dissolution and calibration of

foraminiferal dissolution indices in the Somali Basin.Marine Geology 182 (3-4), 325-349.Two sediment traps moored off Somalia in 1992-1993 collectedsimilar settling fluxes of carbonate and siliceous shells formed byvarious plankton groups. Planktic foraminifera showed largeseasonal variations, with more than 74% of the total plankticforaminifera flux collected during the SW monsoon (summerupwelling), when Globigerina bulloides was dominating along withGlobigerinita glutinata and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. Theintermonsoon and NE monsoon assemblages were dominated byGlobigerinoides ruber. We used the trap records as our 'nodissolution' reference for comparison with three boxcore recordersin order to quantify the carbonate dissolution along a depthtransect. Dissolution increases downslope, from Station 905 to907 and 915 at depths of 1567 in, 2807 in and 4035 in,respectively. The carbonate fraction of the sediment at Station915, which is located near the CCD, is the most affected bydissolution, with more than 97% of the planktic foraminiferadissolved. Here, the planktic foraminifera assemblage is stronglymodified, with thick walled species such as N. dutertrei, Globorotaliatumida and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata as the most resistant. It isnot representative of the settling assemblage. The plankticforaminiferal assemblages of the sediment surface at Stations 905and 907 remain similar to the trap assemblages and theforaminifera are well preserved, although only 25% of foraminiferaare apparently preserved at Station 905 and 8% at Station 907.Those numbers are surprisingly low and infer that only a smallfraction of the foraminiferal carbonate production is buried andremoved from the carbon cycle. This discrepancy between theexport and buried flux is partly be due to (bio)mechanicaldestruction by benthic processes and to supralysoclinal dissolution,due to metabolic CO2 generated by the benthic organisms. Anotherimportant factor is the interannual variability of the productivity,well known in the Arabian Sea. The calibration of commonly usedforaminiferal dissolution indices (percentage of foraminiferalfragments, percentage of resistant species, foraminiferaldissolution index (FDX)) to our data only shows reliable results forhigh dissolution levels ( > 97%). Off Somalia the most accurate ofthe proxies is the percentage of foraminiferal fragments comparedto the other methods tested, i.e., FDX, planktic foraminiferal loss(L), percentage of radiolarians and diatoms, percentage of benthicforaminifera. The species assemblage appears to be notsignificantly modified by dissolution unless the estimated shell lossis high, > 92% of the arriving shells in our samples. This level isexpressed in the percentage of fragmentation, the percentage ofradiolarians and diatoms, the percentage of resistant foraminiferaspecies, and FDX as 80%, 35%, 25% and 1.8, respectively. Therelative abundance of Globigerina bulloides is a valid SWmonsoon/upwelling proxy only when dissolution is moderate ( <92%). Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber have similarburial efficiencies and susceptibilities to dissolution. Thus, the ratioG. bulloides/G. ruber is a valid proxy for past changes in theintensity of the SW monsoon even in the strongly dissolvedsamples. In Our sediment record the ratio G. bulloides/G. ruberindicates that the SW monsoon was stronger in the recent past thanin 1992-93.

CORTESE, G. & ABELMANN, A. 2002. Radiolarian-basedpaleotemperatures during the last 160 kyr at ODP Site 1089(Southern Ocean, Atlantic Sector). PalaeogeographyPalaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 182 (3-4), 259-286.Two cores, Site 1089 (ODP Leg 177) and PS2821-1, recoveredfrom the same location (40°56'S; 9°54'E) at the Subtropical Front(STF) in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean, provide a high-resolution climatic record, with an average temporal resolution ofless than 600 yr. A multi-proxy approach was used to produce anage model for Core PS2821-1, and to correlate the two cores. Bothcores document the last climatic cycle, from Marine Isotopic Stage6 (MIS 6, ca. 160 kyr BP, ka) to present. Summer sea-surfacetemperatures (SSSTs) have been estimated, with a standard error ofca. +/-1.16°C, for the down core record by using Q-mode factoranalysis (Imbrie and Kipp method). The paleotemperatures show a7°C warming at Termination II (last interglacial, transition from MIS6 to MIS 5). This transition from glacial to interglacialpaleotemperatures (with maximum temperatures ca. 3°C warmerthan present at the core location) occurs earlier than thecorresponding shift in ∂18O values for benthic foraminifera from thesame core; this suggests a lead of Southern Oceanpaleoteraperature changes compared to the global ice-volumechanges, as indicated by the benthic isotopic record. The climaticevolution of the record continues with a progressive temperature


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deterioration towards MIS 2. High-frequency, millennial-scaleclimatic instability has been documented for MIS 3 and part of MIS4, with sudden temperature variations of almost the samemagnitude as those observed at the transitions between glacial andinterglacial times. These changes occur during the same timeinterval as the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles recognized in the∂18O(ice) record of the GRIP and GISP ice cores from Greenland, andseem to be connected to rapid changes in the STF position inrelation to the core location. Sudden cooling episodes ('YoungerDryas (YD)-type' and 'Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR)-type' ofevents) have been recognized for both Termination I (ACR-I and YD-Ievents) and II (ACR-II and YD-II events), and imply that our core islocated in an optimal position in order to record events triggered byphenomena occurring in both hemispheres. Spectral analysis of ourSSST record displays strong analogies, particularly for high, sub-orbital frequencies, to equivalent records from Vostok (Antarctica)and from the Subtropical North Atlantic ocean. This implies that theclimatic variability of widely separated areas (the Antarcticcontinent, the Subtropical North Atlantic, and the SubantarcticSouth Atlantic) can be strongly coupled and co-varying at millennialtime scales (a few to 10-ka periods), and eventually induced by thesame triggering mechanisms. Climatic variability has also beendocumented for supposedly warm and stable interglacial intervals(MIS 1 and 5), with several cold events which can be correlated toother Southern Ocean and North Atlantic sediment records.

CORTESE, G., BJØRKLUND, K. R. & DOLVEN, J. K. in press.Polycystine Radiolarians in the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Seas: Species and assemblagedistribution. Sarsia.Cluster Analysis and Q-mode Factor Analysis have been applied topolycystine radiolarians census data from 160 coretop samples.This allowed us to recognize four faunal assemblages in the GINSeas, each related to different oceanographic conditions. Aregression equation for deriving paleotemperatures from theseassemblages has also been developed. The standard error ofestimate for this equation is ± 1.2 °C. The relative abundance of thespecies having the higher loadings in the coretop assemblages hasbeen mapped, in order to identify and analyse water mass andenvironmental requirements for these species. Cluster Analysis hasalso been performed on the same dataset, providing results whichare in good harmony with those derived by Q-mode Factor Analysis.

DANELIAN, T. & JOHNSON, K. G. 2001. Patterns of bioticchange in Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous TethyanRadiolaria. Marine Micropaleontology 43 (3-4), 239-260.The rate of taxic turnover of nearly 400 radiolarianspecies/subspecies is analyzed in order to document long termbiotic change of plankton during the Middle Jurassic to EarlyCretaceous (Aalenian to Aptian). The pattern and dynamic ofdiversity change is described using four indices: rate of speciesfirst and last occurrence, rate of diversification and rate ofturnover. Plots of cumulative sampling effort suggest that theanalyzed data represent an adequate sample of total standingdiversity for most examined stages. Rates of species firstoccurrence exceed rates of last occurrence for most of the MiddleJurassic, except for the middle Bajocian. In contrast, the LateJurassic was a time of decreasing radiolarian diversity and theKimmeridgian records the lowest rate of diversification. It isfollowed by a dramatic increase in first occurrences near theJurassic-Cretaceous boundary with as a result the highest rate ofdiversification recorded in the late Tithonian. Regional radiolariandiversity was stable throughout most of the Early Cretaceous. Astratigraphic permutation test was performed to assess theinfluence of uneven sampling on the observed pattern of taxicturnover and identified the intervals for which randomly obtainedpatterns are significantly different from the observed pattern. TheKimmeridgian and late Tithonian events coincide with substantialclimate-derived perturbations in water cycling, nutrient supply andoceanic productivity. They point to a negative relationship betweenradiolarian macroevolution and changes in the state of nutrientavailability, although further work is needed to refine the temporalresolution of this relationship and to explore ecological aspects ofits causal link with respect to radiolarian evolution.

DANELIAN, T. & ROBERTSON, A. H. F. 2001. Neotethyanevolution of eastern Greece (Pagondas Melange, EviaIsland) inferred from radiolarian biostratigraphy and thegeochemistry of associated extrusive rocks. GeologicalMagazine 138 (3), 345-363.

This paper presents new radiolarian biostratigraphic andigneous/metamorphic geochemical data for a Mesozoicvolcanic–sedimentary mélange on the island of Evia (Euboea orEvvoia), eastern Greece. This mélange includes dismembered thrustsheets and blocks of radiolarian chert and basalt. Biostratigraphicage data show that radiolarites interbedded with basalt-derived,coarse clastic sediments near the base of a coherent successionwere deposited in Middle and Late Triassic time (LateLadinian–Carnian, Norian?). Geochemical evidence shows thatassociated extrusive rocks, of inferred Triassic age, range from‘enriched’ alkaline basalts, to ‘transitional’ basalts, and more‘depleted’ mid-ocean ridge-type basalts. Amphibolite facies meta-basalts from the metamorphic sole of the over-riding Evia ophioliteexhibit similar chemical compositions. Both the basalts and themeta-basalts commonly show an apparent subduction-relatedinfluence (e.g. relative Nb depletion) that may have been inheritedfrom a previous subduction event in the region. The basalts areinterpreted to have erupted during Middle–Late Triassic time (LateLadinian–Carnian), related to initial opening of a Neotethyan oceanbasin adjacent to a rifted continental margin. Radiolarites locatedstratigraphically higher in the coherent succession studied aredated as Middle Jurassic (Late Bathonian–Early Callovian). Similar-aged radiolarites are depositionally associated with ophiolitic rocks(including boninites), in some other areas of Greece and Albania.During initial ocean basin closure (Bajocian–Bathonian) the adjacentshallow-water carbonate platform (Pelagonian zone) disintegratedto form basins in which siliceous sediments were deposited andhighs on which shallow-water carbonates continued to accumulate.This facies differentiation is seen as a response to crustal flexureas the Neotethyan ocean began to close. The over-riding PagondasMélange and other similar units in the region are interpreted asaccretionary prisms related to subduction of Neotethyan oceaniccrust in Middle–Late Jurassic time. These mélanges were emplaced,probably diachronously during Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian time, whenthe passive margin collapsed, creating a foredeep ahead ofadvancing thrust sheets of mélange and ophiolites.

DENG, X. & UNDERWOOD, M. B. 2001. Abundance ofsmectite and the location of a plate-boundary fault,Barbados accretionary prism. Geological Society o fAmerica Bulletin 113 (4), 495-507.Isolating the respective roles of factors responsible for theinitiation and localization of fault zones remains one of the moreimportant goals of research in neotectonics. The frontaldecollement zone of the northern Barbados accretionary prismprovides several important clues as to how the interwoven variablesof clay mineralogy, fluid flow, chemical interactions, and sedimentphysical properties affect strain localization. This plate-boundaryfault is centered at a lithologic contact between Miocene claystoneand fine-grained Oligocene turbidites. The fault zone is nearly 40 mthick (at Ocean Drilling Program Site 948), and its upper partpasses through smectite-rich deposits. A sharp minimum in percentsmectite and a maximum in percent illite mark the base of thedecollement. There is a consistent increase in percent smectite withdistance above the base of the decollement, but the top of thedecollement is poorly defined by clay mineralogy. The intrinsicmechanical weakness of strata with abundant smectite-group claysprobably influences where the fault tip propagates into theundeformed stratigraphy of the Atlantic abyssal plain. A secondinherited parameter is the local abundance of radiolarians, whichcontribute to higher than normal porosities. Sediment shearstrength also decreases because pore pressure within the faultzone is significantly greater than hydrostatic. The principal cause ofexcess pore pressure seems to be updip fluid advection; in theory,however, decreases in pore-fluid salinity and porosity collapseshould increase the amount of physicochemical stress generated byexpandable clay minerals. The imported fluid is unusually low insalinity because it has migrated from zones of deeper seateddehydration reactions. If fresher pore water migrates to thepropagating tip of the decollement, its arrival should increasesmectite swelling and reduce the shear strength of the mudstoneeven more. The location and evolution of the decollement, therefore,are controlled by a complicated interplay of static factors inheritedfrom the abyssal Atlantic stratigraphy and dynamic factorsassociated with episodic fluid flow and changing fluidchemistry.:Isolating the respective roles of factors responsible forthe initiation and localization of fault zones remains one of the moreimportant goals of research in neotectonics. The frontaldecollement zone of the northern Barbados accretionary prismprovides several important clues as to how the interwoven variablesof clay mineralogy, fluid flow, chemical interactions, and sedimentphysical properties affect strain localization. This plate-boundaryfault is centered at a lithologic contact between Miocene claystoneand fine-grained Oligocene turbidites. The fault zone is nearly 40 m


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thick (at Ocean Drilling Program Site 948), and its upper partpasses through smectite-rich deposits. A sharp minimum in percentsmectite and a maximum in percent illite mark the base of thedecollement. There is a consistent increase in percent smectite withdistance above the base of the decollement, but the top of thedecollement is poorly defined by clay mineralogy. The intrinsicmechanical weakness of strata with abundant smectite-group claysprobably influences where the fault tip propagates into theundeformed stratigraphy of the Atlantic abyssal plain. A secondinherited parameter is the local abundance of radiolarians, whichcontribute to higher than normal porosities. Sediment shearstrength also decreases because pore pressure within the faultzone is significantly greater than hydrostatic. The principal cause ofexcess pore pressure seems to be updip fluid advection; in theory,however, decreases in pore-fluid salinity and porosity collapseshould increase the amount of physicochemical stress generated byexpandable clay minerals. The imported fluid is unusually low insalinity because it has migrated from zones of deeper seateddehydration reactions. If fresher pore water migrates to thepropagating tip of the decollement, its arrival should increasesmectite swelling and reduce the shear strength of the mudstoneeven more. The location and evolution of the decollement, therefore,are controlled by a complicated interplay of static factors inheritedfrom the abyssal Atlantic stratigraphy and dynamic factorsassociated with episodic fluid flow and changing fluid chemistry.

DI STEFANO, P., GALACZ, A., MALLARINO, G., et al. 2002.Birth and early evolution of a Jurassic escarpment: MonteKumeta, Western Sicily. Facies 46, 273-298.The accurate reconstruction of the facies architecture in theJurassic succession of Monte Kumeta, coupled with a detailedbiostratigraphy, allow to define dynamics and genetic factorscontrolling the conversion of a Bahamian-type carbonate platform toa pelagic escarpment. A change from tidalites to oolites i.e. fromthe restricted, interior lagoon to a more open-marine sandydepositional environment, records the establishment of a basinsouth of the Monte Kumeta sector in late Hettangian-Sinemuriantimes. The oolitic limestones are overlain by earliest Carixianbioclastic grainstones and packstones with micritized grains and bywackestones with radiolarians and sponge spicules, organized inthin sand prisms. The decrease of carbonate productivity indicatedby these sediments records the dissection of the platform and thesubsequent isolation of a submarine topographic high in the MonteKumeta sector. Though based only on indirect evidence, it issuggested that a tectonically controlled scarp must have existedbetween the Monte Kumeta "high" and the basin. Progressivenorthward retreat of this scarp resulted in the conversion of ashallow platform sector into a gradually steepening slope, alongwhich the distribution of sediments was controlled by repeatedtectonic and gravity-induced modifications of the topography of thesubstrate. Vertical and lateral changes and geometricalrelationships of the recognized lithofacies suggest that they weredeposited on a stepped surface brought about mainly by, repeatedlyreactivated basin ward dipping normal faults. This scenario isclearly reflected by the relationship of platform strata and theoverlying encrinites of Carixian/ Domerian age. The encrinite bodiesshow again a prismatic geometry, becoming thicker towards thesouth and filling the first generation of neptunian dykes. The top ofthe encrinites is marked by a peculiar jagged dissolution surfacewith dm-scale pinnacles capped by a thick ferromanganese crust.The formation of this peculiar surface could have been controlled bycomplex changes in water chemistry probably related to the EarlyToarcian anoxic event. The crust itself is dissected by faults ofdecimetres to metres of throw, sometimes organized into small-scale positive flower structures. In the hollows/depressions of thishighly articulated substrate pelagic sediments of Bajocian toOxfordian age were deposited. They display a clearly onlappingrelationship to the encrinites and to the carbonate platform beds.Their thickness rarely exceeds 4 to 5 meters and they are presentalso as neptunian dykes filling a dense network of fissures. DuringLate Callovian and Oxfordian times synsedimentary tectonics hasintensified resulting in an increase of the inclination of the slope.This led to more and more abundant, gravitationally controlleddeformations (slumping and sliding) of semi-lithified and unlithifiedsediments along the Monte Kumeta escarpment.

DIESTER, H. L., MEYERS, P. A. & VIDAL, L. 2002a. The lateMiocene onset of high productivity in the Benguela Currentupwelling system as part of a global pattern. MarineGeology 180 (1-4), 87-103.

We have examined the history of the elevated primary productivityassociated with the Benguela Current upwelling system offsouthwest Africa using sediments from 7.5 to 4.8 Ma at OceanDrilling Program Site 1085 in the middle Cape Basin. Sedimentationrates are low until 6.9 Ma. Low accumulation rates of benthicforaminifers and organic carbon indicate that biological productivitywas also low. Paleoproductivity dramatically increased at 6.7-6.5Ma and was highly variable until 4.8 Ma with productivity maximaduring cooler periods. The presence of radiolarian opal only between5.8 and 5.2 Ma suggests an interlude of silica-rich intermediatewater in the Cape Basin. The onset of heightened productivity underthe Benguela Current is mirrored by similar increases reportedbetween 6.9 and 6.7 Ma in the tropical eastern Pacific, the westernand northern Pacific, and the Indian Ocean. The similarity betweenthe patterns at Site 1085 and in the Pacific and Indian Oceanssuggests that the dramatic productivity increase off southwestAfrica is part of a global response to paleoceanographic changes.

DIESTER, H. L., MEYERS, P. A., VIDAL, L., et al. 2002b. Sandfraction, carbonate, and organic carbon contents of lateMiocene sediments from Site 1085, middle Cape Basin. In:(BERGER WOLFGANG, H., WEFER, G., et al. eds). Proceedingsof the Ocean Drilling Program, scientific results, BenguelaCurrent; covering Leg 175 of the cruises of the drillingvessel JOIDES Resolution; Las Palmas, Canary Islands, toCape Town, South Africa; sites 1075-1087; 9 August-8October 1997. Texas A&M University, Ocean DrillingProgram. College Station, TX, United StatesSite 1085 is located on the continental rise of southwest Africa ata water depth of 1713 m off the mouth of the Orange River in theCape Basin. The site is part of the suite of locations drilled duringLeg 175 on the Africa margin to reconstruct the onset andevolution of the elevated biological productivity associated with theBenguela Current upwelling system (Wefer, Berger, Richter, et al.,1998). Three sediment samples were collected per section fromCores 170-1085A-28H through 45X (251-419 mbsf) to provide asurvey of the sediment record of paleoproductivity from the middlelate Miocene to the early Pliocene (~8.7-4.7 Ma), which is a periodthat includes the postulated northward migration and intensificationof the Benguela Current and the establishment of modern circulationoff southwest Africa (Siesser, 1980; Diester-Haass et al., 1992;Berger et al., 1998). Core 170-1085A-30H (270-279 mbsf) hadessentially no recovery; this coring gap was filled with samples fromCores 170-1085B-29H and 30H (261-280 mbsf). The results ofmeasurements of multiple paleoproductivity proxies aresummarized in this report. Included in these proxies are theradiolarian, foraminiferal, and echinoderm components of the sand-sized sediment fraction. Opal skeletons of radiolarians (no diatomswere found) relate to paleoproductivity and water mass chemistry(Summerhayes et al., 1995; Lange and Berger, 1993; Nelson et al.,1995). The accumulation rates of benthic foraminifers are usefulproxies for paleoproductivity (Herguera and Berger, 1991; Nees,1997; Schmiedl and Mackensen, 1997) because these faunasubsist on organic matter exported from the photic zone.Echinoderms also depend mainly on food supply from the photiczone (Gooday and Turley, 1990), and their accumulation rates arean additional paleoproductivity proxy. Concentrations of calciumcarbonate (CaCO3) and organic carbon in sediment samples arefundamental measures of paleoproductivity (e.g., Meyers, 1997). Inaddition, organic matter atomic carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios and13C values can be used to infer the origin of the organic mattercontained within the sediments and to explore some of the factorsaffecting its preservation and accumulation (Meyers, 1994).Site1085 is located on the continental rise of southwest Africa at awater depth of 1713 m off the mouth of the Orange River in theCape Basin. The site is part of the suite of locations drilled duringLeg 175 on the Africa margin to reconstruct the onset andevolution of the elevated biological productivity associated with theBenguela Current upwelling system (Wefer, Berger, Richter, et al.,1998). Three sediment samples were collected per section fromCores 170-1085A-28H through 45X (251-419 mbsf) to provide asurvey of the sediment record of paleoproductivity from the middlelate Miocene to the early Pliocene (~8.7-4.7 Ma), which is a periodthat includes the postulated northward migration and intensificationof the Benguela Current and the establishment of modern circulationoff southwest Africa (Siesser, 1980; Diester-Haass et al., 1992;Berger et al., 1998). Core 170-1085A-30H (270-279 mbsf) hadessentially no recovery; this coring gap was filled with samples fromCores 170-1085B-29H and 30H (261-280 mbsf). The results ofmeasurements of multiple paleoproductivity proxies aresummarized in this report. Included in these proxies are the


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radiolarian, foraminiferal, and echinoderm components of the sand-sized sediment fraction. Opal skeletons of radiolarians (no diatomswere found) relate to paleoproductivity and water mass chemistry(Summerhayes et al., 1995; Lange and Berger, 1993; Nelson et al.,1995). The accumulation rates of benthic foraminifers are usefulproxies for paleoproductivity (Herguera and Berger, 1991; Nees,1997; Schmiedl and Mackensen, 1997) because these faunasubsist on organic matter exported from the photic zone.Echinoderms also depend mainly on food supply from the photiczone (Gooday and Turley, 1990), and their accumulation rates arean additional paleoproductivity proxy. Concentrations of calciumcarbonate (CaCO3) and organic carbon in sediment samples arefundamental measures of paleoproductivity (e.g., Meyers, 1997). Inaddition, organic matter atomic carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios and13C values can be used to infer the origin of the organic mattercontained within the sediments and to explore some of the factorsaffecting its preservation and accumulation (Meyers, 1994).

DIESTER, H. L. & ZAHN, R. 2001. Paleoproductivity increaseat the Eocene-Oligocene climatic transition; ODP/ DSDPsites 763 and 592. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology 172 (1-2), 153-170.During the late Eocene-early Oligocene period of rapid climatechange (across Oxygen isotope shift Oi-1) productivity showedmajor changes in the region around Australia (DSDP Site 592 offNew Zealand, ODP Site 763 off NW Australia). We estimatedpaleoproductivity at these sites using benthic foraminiferalaccumulation rates, as well as accumulation rates of siliceous andother calcareous microfossils, and carbon isotope data. In theEocene productivity was generally higher at Site 763, where itreached 4 maxima, but dropped at about 34.3 Ma. At both sitesproductivity increased strongly at Oi-1 (as recognized in the oxygenisotopic record at the sites), and fluctuated during the earlyOligocene at higher levels than in the Eocene. We attribute thedifference in Eocene productivity to differences in oceanographicsettings: Site 592 was probably under a N-S flowing westernboundary current of the Pacific gyre, whereas Site 763 showedperiodic high productivity as a result of local upwelling. Thisupwelling occurred when a warm, N-S flowing current (proto-Leeuwincurrent) replaced the cold, S-N flowing eastern boundary current ofthe Indian Ocean gyre. Upwelling ended at the opening of the TasmanSea. The earliest Oligocene increase in productivity occurred atmany other locations in the Southern Oceans, and is accompanied bya strong increase in carbon isotopic values, indicating increasedburial of organic matter on a global scale. This productivity increaseas well as the increased burial indicates that the oceanic carboncycle may have been part of the climate change in the earliestOligocene.

D O L V E N , J. K. & BJ O R K L U N D , K. R. 2001. An earlyHolocene peak occurrence and recent distribution ofRhizoplegma boreale (Radiolaria); a biomarker in theNorwegian Sea. Marine Micropaleontology 4 2 (1-2), 25-44.Several sediment cores in the Norwegian Sea reveal, in the earlyPreboreal, abundance peaks of up to 14% of Rhizoplegma boreale(Cleve). These peaks generally coincide with a transition from coldto warm water radiolarian assemblages and a high number of diatomvalves (Chaetoceros sp.), indicating highly productive surfacewaters. The R. boreale peak represents an ecological event causedby an influx of North Atlantic Water, and can potentially be used asa chrono-stratigraphic marker within the eastern part of theNorwegian Sea. In core HM 79-6.2 the R. boreale peak reaches9.2%, and is found between two 14C-dated ash layers. We estimatedthe age of the R. boreale peak to be 9880+ or -55 yr BP by linearinterpolation between datum points. The characteristicstratigraphical distribution of R. boreale was used to establish abetter age model for the studied section. Rhizoplegma boreale hasbeen mapped in surface sediment samples from the Iceland Sea, theNorwegian Sea and the Norwegian fjords. An oceanic form with sixand a neritic form with eight radial spines were found in these areas.Recent distribution of Rhizoplegma boreale is mainly confined to theNordic Seas (Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian Seas), the NorthPacific (including the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk) and in theSouthern ocean. The highest occurrence of R. boreale is found inareas with high primary production and mixing of water masses.

DOLVEN, J. K., CORTESE, G. & BJØRKLUND, K. R. in press. Ahigh-resolution radiolarian derived paleotemperature recordfor the Late Pleistocene-Holocene in the Norwegian Sea.Paleoceanography.

Polycystine radiolarians are used to reconstruct summer seasurface temperatures (SSST) for the Late Pleistocene-Holocene(600-13,400 14C yrs. BP) in the Norwegian Sea. At 13,200 14Cyrs. BP, SSST was close to the average Holocene SSST (~12°C). Itthen gradually dropped to 7.1°C in the Younger Dryas. At theYounger Dryas-Holocene transition (~10,000 14C years BP), SSSTincreased to 12°C in ca. 530 years. Four abrupt cooling events, withtemperature drops of up to 2.1°C, are recognized during theHolocene: at 9,340, 7,100 (“8,200 calendar yrs. event”), 6,400and 1,650 14C yrs. BP. Radiolarian SSSTs and the isotopic signalfrom the GISP2 ice core are strongly coupled, stressing theimportance of the Norwegian Sea as a mediator ofheat/precipitation exchange between the North Atlantic, theatmosphere, and the Greenland ice sheet. Radiolarian and diatomderived SSST display similarities, with the former not showing therecently reported Holocene cooling trend.

DONG, W. Q., LAL, D., RANSOM, B., et al. 2001. Marinebiogeochemistries of Be and Al: A study based oncosmogenic Be-10, Be and Al in marine calcite, aragonite,and opal. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences 110 (2), 95-102.The geochemical behaviors of Be and Al in ocean waters have beensuccessfully studied in recent years using natural, cosmogenic,radioactive Be-10 and Al-26 as tracers. The present day dissolvedconcentrations and distribution of the stable and radioactiveisotopes of Be and Al in ocean waters have revealed their shortresidence times and appreciable effects of exchange fluxes at thecoastal and ocean-sediment interfaces. It follows thatconcentrations of these particle-active elements must have variedin the past with temporal changes in climate, biological productivityand aeolian flux of continental detritus to the oceans. We thereforeinvestigated the feasibility of extending the measurements of Beand At isotope concentrations in marine systems to the 103-106 yBP time scale. We report here the discovery of significant amountsof intrinsic Be and Al in marine foraminiferal calcite and coralaragonite, and of Al in opal (radiolarians) and aragonite (coral),which makes it possible to determine Be-10/Be and Al-26/Al inoceans in the past. We also report measured Be-10/Be-9 inforaminiferal calcite in Pacific Ocean cores, which reveal that theconcentrations and ratios of the stable and cosmogenic isotopes ofBe and Al have varied significantly in the past 30 ky. Theimplications of these results are discussed.

DUMITRICA, P. 2001. On the status of the radiolarian generaGonosphaera Jorgensen and Excentroconcha Mast. Revuede Micropaleontologie 44 (3), 191-198.The study of the initial skeleton of Gonosphaera JORGENSEN provesthat this genus is not a nassellarian taxon as initially and laterconsidered, but an entactinarian radiolarian belonging to the familyExcentroconchidae. It has an initial spicule with a median bar, twoapical spines, four basal spines, two basal arches connecting thebasal spines on both sides of MB, and a transversal antapical archconnecting medially the two basal arches and bearing two antapicalspines. The genus Excentroconcha MAST has the same type of initialskeleton as Gonosphaera and could be considered a junior synonymof the latter. The diagnosis of the family Excentroconchidae and ofthe two genera is discussed and emended.

DUMITRICA, P. & ZUGEL, P. 2002. Mendacastrum n. gen. andDomuzdagia n. gen., two Jurassic spherical Spumellaria(Radiolaria) with hagiastrid medullary shell.Micropaleontology 48, 23-34.Two new spumellarian radiolarian genera, Mendacastrum andDomuzdagia, are described from the lower Tithonian and lowerPliensbachian respectively. Both have a spherical cortical shell ofactinommid type and a spherical or subspherical double medullaryshell with the inner medullary shell of hagiastrid s.l. type. The innermedullary shell of Mendacastrum is of dactyliosphaerid orhigumastrid s. sit. type, whereas that of Domuzdagia is ofangulobracchiid type. Since they cannot be assigned to anydescribed Mesozoic pyloniacean families, they are considered astype genera of two new families: Mendacastridae andDomuzdagiidae respectively.

DUMOULIN, J. A., HARRIS, A. G., YOUNG, L. E. & BLOME, C.D. 2001. Sedimentologic and paleontologic constraints onsetting and age of the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulfidedeposit, western Brooks Range, Alaska. In: (ANONYMOUS


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eds). Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meetingAbstracts 33(6): 272. Geological Society of America(GSA). Boulder, CO, United States. 2001.The upper Kuna Formation (Lisburne Group) in northwest Alaskahosts the giant Red Dog and related Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulfidedeposits; our studies of Kuna sedimentology and paleontologyconstrain the setting, age, and thermal history of these deposits.The upper Kuna in the Red Dog area (Ikalukrok unit) is mainly finelylaminated, black siliceous shale and mudstone, locally rich in spongespicules and radiolarians. Mean total organic carbon (TOC) contentis 4.6 wt %. Locally abundant carbonate layers are of two types:calcareous radiolarite (calcite-replaced radiolarians in a carbonatematrix) and fine to coarse sand-sized calcareous lithic turbidites.Turbidites (2 cm to >4 m thick) were derived from a mix of shallow-and deep-water sources; they consist of carbonate (<5 to >50%),quartz (5-30%), and other non-carbonate material (20-50%),including mud, lithic clasts, and phosphatic grains. Some turbiditeslack carbonate. Similar lithofacies occur in the Kuna and relatedunits approximately 120-200 km to the east (Howard Passquadrangle), where TOC contents average 3.7 wt % and P2 O (sub 5)values reach 7.7 wt %. Sedimentologic, faunal, and geochemicaldata suggest that Kuna deposition in the Red Dog and Howard Passareas took place mainly in basin and slope settings characterized byanoxic or dysaerobic bottom waters and locally high organicproductivity (possibly related to upwelling). Conodonts andradiolarians indicate an age range of Osagean-Chesterian (lateEarly-Late Mississippian) for the Ikalukrok. Carbonate input into theIkalukrok basin occurred chiefly during middle Osagean (Sc.anchoralis-Do. latus Zone) and late Meramecian-early Chesteriantime, and ceased when adjacent carbonate platforms drowned.Conodont color alteration indices (CAI) for the Kuna in the Red Dogarea are mostly 3.0 or 3.5, indicating temperatures of at least120-200°C; tectonic burial and (or) an elevated geothermalgradient are needed to explain these CAI values.

E D E R, V. G., KR A S A V C H I K O V, V. O., ZANIN, Y. N. &ZAMIRAILOVA, A. G. 2001. Organic carbon versus majorelements relationship in rocks of the Bazhenov Formation,western Siberia. Lithology and Mineral Resources 3 6 (3),236-242.A close relation of the organic carbon (Corg) content with major hasbeen established for rocks of the Upper Jurassic-Lower CretaceousBazhenov Formation. Applying the method of multiple linearregression, it has been demonstrated that the Corg content in rocksof the Bazhenov Formation is stringently controlled by its bulkchemical composition. This inference is consistent with the existingideas regarding a close interrelation between the following maincomponents of rocks: organic carbon and authigenic quartz formedon remains of Radiolaria; pyrite formed in a highly reducing mediumof Corg-rich sediments; and terrigenous clayey material diluting theauthigenic siliceous-carbonaceous-pyritic matrix. Thesecomponents chiefly determine the spectrum of major elements inthe Bazhenov Formation. The establishment of the close relationbetween the Corg content and the group of major elements refutesthe suggestion of some authors that siliceous material was suppliedto nonlithified sediments of the Bazhenov sea by hydrothermalsolutions, because this mechanism would have inevitably upsetgeochemical relations between elements in the studied rocks.

EXON, N. F., KENNETT, J. P., MALONE, M. J., et al. 2001a.Site 1168. In: (EXON NEVILLE, F., KENNETT JAMES, P., et al.eds). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, initialreports, the Tasmanian Gateway, Cenozoic climatic andoceanographic development; covering Leg 189 of thecruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Hobart,Tasmania, to Sydney, Australia; sites 1168-1172, 11March-6 May 2000. Texas A & M University, OceanDrilling Program. College Station, TX, United StatesSite 1168 is located in middle bathyal water depths (2463 m) onthe 4° slope of the western margin of Tasmania (70 km from coast)in a 25-km-wide strike-slip basin between upthrown northwest-trending ridges of Cretaceous rocks. The western Tasmania onshoremargin was uplifted during the late Paleocene and early Eocene(O'Sullivan and Kohn, 1997), and this uplift and the strike-slipmotion were probably coeval. The site is 80 km southeast of DeepSea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 282, which is located in deeperwater and on a structural high. It lies north of the oceanographicSubtropical Front. Site 1168 was planned to penetrate marine rift toopen-margin sediments deposited from the Eocene onward as

Australia moved northward from Antarctica. Initially, the site was atthe far eastern end of the restricted Australo-Antarctic Gulf andseparated from the Pacific Ocean by the Tasmanian land bridge.Plate movements and related margin subsidence led to its Neogenelocation in open water facing a broad Southern Ocean. The primaryobjectives were to core and log (1) a prograding detrital sequence,formed during Eocene opening of the ocean south of Australia, forits paleoceanographic, paleoclimatic, and biotic history, (2) anOligocene to present-day pelagic carbonate sequence for betterunderstanding of the evolution of the Southern Ocean during itsexpansion in the Cenozoic and for high-resolution paleoclimaticstudies, and (3) a Cenozoic sequence for high-resolutionbiostratigraphic studies.

EXON, N. F., KENNETT, J. P., MALONE, M. J., et al. 2001b.Site 1169. In: (EXON NEVILLE, F., KENNETT JAMES, P., et al.eds). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, initialreports, the Tasmanian Gateway, Cenozoic climatic andoceanographic development; covering Leg 189 of thecruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Hobart,Tasmania, to Sydney, Australia; sites 1168-1172, 11March-6 May 2000. Texas A & M University, OceanDrilling Program. College Station, TX, United StatesSite 1169 is located in deep water (3568 m) in a flat plain on thewestern part of the South Tasman Rise (STR), 400 km south ofTasmania. It lies 30 km east of the ridge of the Tasman FractureZone (TFZ) that rises 400 m above the plain. The site is ~100 kmsouth of the Subtropical Front (Subtropical Convergence). At Site1169 we planned to penetrate open-ocean carbonate oozesdeposited from the Miocene onward as Australia moved northwardfrom Antarctica. In the early Miocene (20 Ma), the site was at 55°Scompared to its present latitude of 47°S. The primary objective wasto core a complete upper Neogene sequence with high sedimentationrates in northern subantarctic waters for high-resolutionbiostratigraphic and paleoclimate investigations.

EXON, N. F., KENNETT, J. P., MALONE, M. J., et al. 2001c.Site 1170. In: (EXON NEVILLE, F., KENNETT JAMES, P., et al.eds). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, initialreports, the Tasmanian Gateway, Cenozoic climatic andoceanographic development; covering Leg 189 of thecruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Hobart,Tasmania, to Sydney, Australia; sites 1168-1172, 11March-6 May 2000. Texas A & M University, OceanDrilling Program. College Station, TX, United StatesSite 1170 is located in deep water (2704 m) on the flat westernpart of the South Tasman Rise (STR), 400 km south of Tasmania and40 km east of Site 1169. It is 10 km west of a fault scarp, ~500 mhigh and trending north-south, that separates the lower western andhigher central blocks of the STR. The site lies within present-daynorthern subantarctic surface waters, ~150 km south of theSubtropical Front and well north of the Subantarctic Front. Theprimary objectives of Site 1170 were to core and log (1) an Eocenedetrital section deposited during early rifting between the STR andAntarctica to ascertain marine paleoenvironmental conditionsbefore and leading into the initial marine connection that developedbetween the southern Indian and Pacific Oceans as the Tasmaniangateway opened during the mid-Paleogene, (2) an Oligocene toHolocene pelagic carbonate sequence to document thepaleoceanographic and paleoclimatic responses to the opening ofthe Tasmanian gateway and subsequent expansion of the SouthernOcean, and (3) an upper Neogene sequence to construct a high-resolution subantarctic biostratigraphy and a high-resolution recordof paleoclimatic change.

EXON, N. F., KENNETT, J. P., MALONE, M. J., et al. 2001d.Site 1171. In: (EXON NEVILLE, F., KENNETT JAMES, P., et al.eds). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, initialreports, the Tasmanian Gateway, Cenozoic climatic andoceanographic development; covering Leg 189 of thecruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Hobart,Tasmania, to Sydney, Australia; sites 1168-1172, 11March-6 May 2000. Texas A & M University, OceanDrilling Program. College Station, TX, United StatesSite 1171 is located in lower bathyal water depths of ~2150 m on agentle southwesterly slope on the southernmost South Tasman Rise(STR), ~550 km south of Tasmania and 270 km southeast of Site


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1170. At 48°30´S, Site 1171 lies in subantarctic waters betweenthe Subtropical Convergence and the Subantarctic Front. In thisarea, very strong surface and bottom currents are associated withthe Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The major objectives were to (1)core and log an Oligocene to Holocene pelagic carbonate section toevaluate expected major paleoceanographic and paleoclimaticeffects resulting from the opening of the Tasmanian Gateway nearthe time of the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and later developmentof deep Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow; (2) core and log anexpected underlying detrital sedimentary Eocene sequence toevaluate paleoenvironmental conditions during rifting of the STRfrom Antarctica; and (3) obtain high-resolution sedimentary recordsfrom critical subantarctic latitudes to better understand the role ofthe Southern Ocean in climate changes during the Neogene.

EXON, N. F., KENNETT, J. P., MALONE, M. J., et al. 2001e.Site 1172. In: (EXON NEVILLE, F., KENNETT JAMES, P., et al.eds). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, initialreports, the Tasmanian Gateway, Cenozoic climatic andoceanographic development; covering Leg 189 of thecruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Hobart,Tasmania, to Sydney, Australia; sites 1168-1172, 11March-6 May 2000. Texas A & M University, OceanDrilling Program. College Station, TX, United StatesSite 1172 is located in a water depth of ~2620 m on the flatwestern side of the East Tasman Plateau (ETP), ~170 km southeastof Tasmania. At 44°S, the site lies in cool subtropical waters justnorth of the Subtropical Front in an area where both the SubtropicalFront and the East Australian Current have had variable influencethrough time. The primary objectives of coring and logging at Site1172 were to obtain in the far southwest Pacific (1) an Oligoceneto Holocene pelagic carbonate section under long-term influence ofthe East Australian Current to construct moderate to high-resolution paleoceanographic and biostratigraphic records, (2) anEocene siliciclastic sediment sequence for better understanding ofpaleoceanographic and paleoclimatic conditions before AntarcticCircumpolar Current development, and (3) an Eocene-Oligocenetransitional sequence to determine the effects of the initial openingof the Tasmanian Gateway on the paleoceanography of the PacificTasmanian margin and to compare and contrast (4) changingpaleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic conditions on each sideof Tasmania as the Tasmanian Seaway opened and the AntarcticCircumpolar Current developed. This site was also expected toprovide valuable information about the tectonic history of the ETP,including evolution of an inferred volcanic hot spot in the Eocene.

FENG, Q., ZHANG, Z., GU, S. & YE, M. 2001a. Radiolarianfauna from the Permian-Triassic transition in southwesternChina. Dizhi Keji Qingbao = Geological Science andTechnology Information 20 (3), 31-34.The aim of this article is to present the recent researchdevelopment about the radiolarian faunas during the Permian-Triassic transition. Over 90% of the late Changxingian radiolarianspecies disappeared at the end-Permian and only a few species thatcould be found in both shallow limestones and pelagic chertssurvived successfully into the Triassic. The survival period spansGriesbachian to Smithian and the recovery period, Spathian, andRadiolaria began to radiate from Anisian stage. The radiation of theMiddle Triassic radiolarians was intensively controlled by anoxiaevent.

FENG, Q. L., GU, S. Z. & DING, M. H. 2001b. Early TriassicRadio lar ians f rom Sangzh i , Hunnan . ActaMicropaleontologica Sinica 18 (3), 249-253.

FENG, Q. L., SHEN, S. Y., LIU, B. P., et al. 2002. Permianradiolarians, chert and basalt from the DaxinshanFormation in Lancangjiang belt of southwestern Yunnan,China. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences 4 5 (1),63-71.The stratigraphical sequences composed of chert and basalt werefound in the Daxinshan area of Simao and the Manbie area ofJinghong, southwestern Yunnan. The Middle Permian to ealiest LatePermian radiolarians, such as Follicucullus and Pseudoalbaillella,have been identified from the chert. The chert from the Manbie areaof Jinghong is characterized by high SiO2 content (over 92%), largeratios of MnO/TiO2 (2.15) and low ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (lessthan or equal to0.1) and Ce/Ce*(0.4), which indicate that the chertwas deposited in pelagic basin. The chert from the Daxinshan area

of Simao, however, is characterized by low SiO2 content, low ratiosof MnO/TiO2 (0.27) and high ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (0.49) andCe/Ce*(0.88), which imply that the chert was deposited incontinental margin basin. The basalts from the both areas belong totholeiite series, and the chemical compositions of their major, rareearth and trace elements show the characteristics of MORB. Theseresults evidence that there are volcanic rocks and chert sequencesrepresenting pelagic basin and oceanic basin near continent. Thesesequences and the formerly reported island-arc volcanic rocksequences imply that the Daxinshan Formation in the Lancangjiangbelt represents a sedimentary assemblage formed in activecontinental margin basin.

FENG, Q. L., ZHANG, Z. F. & YE, M. 2001c. Middle Triassicradiolarian fauna southwest Yunnan, China.Micropaleontology 47 (3), 173-204.A highly diverse radiolarian fauna of Anisian age has been recoveredfrom an 11m continuous succession of siliceous rocks with tuffsand mudstones in the Changning-Menglian belt of southwesternYunnan, China. Seventy-three radiolarian species and subspecies,among which, six new species, one new subspecies and 36unidentified species, are included in the investigation. The 6 newspecies and 1 new subspecies are Triassocampe goricani,Triassocampe dumitricai, Triassocampe coronata inflata,Triassocampe relica, Archaeospongoprunum muyinense.Neopaurinella deweveri and Neopaurinella kozuri . Based onmorphological comparison and stratigraphical range, some possibleevolutionary relations are suggested. Four radiolarian zones,namely, Triassocampe deweveri Zone (late Anisian), Triassocampecoronata coronata Zone (middle Anisian), Triassocampe coronatainflata Zone (middle Anisian), and Triassocampe dumitricai Zone(early Anisian) are established. The Early Triassic radiolarian faunain this area has a very low diversity and mainly consists ofsurvivors of the Permian radiolarians. The recovery of the Triassicradiolarian fauna takes place in early Anisian. In this period, themulticyrtid nassellarians are moderately diverse and characterizedby having a slender shell with weak constriction among segments:the spumellarian species are characterized by having needle-likemain spines. In the middle and late Anisian, the shells of themulticyrtid nassellarians became strong with developedconstrictions between segments, and both the spumellarians withneedle-like spines and the spumellarians with three-bladed spinesare diverse.

FERRIERE, J., BONNEAU, M., CARIDROIT, M., et al. 2001. Lesnappes tertiaires du Paikon (zone du Vardar, Macedoine,Grece); arguments stratigraphiques pour une nouvelleinterpretation structurale. Comptes Rendus de l'Academiedes Sciences, Serie II. Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes332 (11), 695-702.Several interpretations concerning the structures of the Paikonmountains (Greece) have been proposed. Our new results (UpperJurassic to Lower Cretaceous Radiolaria, Jurassic Gastropoda...),some of them from metamorphic series (Ellipsactinies and Rudistesin the Lower Unit), give new constraints to build thepalaeogeography and the tectonic history. These data permitted todefine new series (e.g., the Lakka series) and reconstruct most ofthe others (e.g., the series of the lower units). Theirpalaeogeographic similarities are detailed and a new hierarchy ofthe tectonic contacts is settled (fundamental tectonic contacts orsimple disharmonic structures). In that way, it appears that the GolaTchouka window is the main one in the Paikon massive (Tertiarynappes) under another major unit (Elefterochori unit), which issimply buckled by secondary faults.

G A S T , R. J. & CA R O N , D. A. 2001. Photosymbioticassociations in planktonic foraminifera and radiolaria.Hydrobiologia 461, 1-7.Foraminifera, radiolaria and acantharia are relatively large (> 1 mmin most cases) unicellular eukaryotes that occur in pelagic oceaniccommunities. Commonly referred to as planktonic sarcodines, theseorganisms often harbor algal symbionts. The symbionts have beendescribed as dinoflagellates, chrysophytes and prasinophytes basedupon their morphology either in the host or as free-living organismsin culture. To investigate the molecular taxonomic affiliations of thealgae, and to determine the sequence variability between symbiontsfrom individual hosts, we examined the small subunit ribosomal DNAsequences from symbionts isolated from planktonic foraminiferaand radiolaria. The symbionts that we analyzed includeddinoflagellates, prasinophytes and prymnesiophytes. We have,


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through our studies of planktonic sarcodine symbioses, and throughcomparison with other symbiotic associations (corals and lichens),observed that taxonomically distinct lineages of symbiotic algae arenot uncommon. How do such different algae share the function ofsymbiosis, while other, more related algae, do not? We propose thatthere are commonalties that exist between symbiotic algae thatconfer symbiotic 'competence', and the way to begin the search forthese is to utilize the different algal symbiont lineages.

GRANT-MACKIE, J. A., AITA, Y., BALME, B. E., et al. 2000.Jurassic palaeobiogeography of Australia. Memoir of theAssociation of Australasian Palaeontologists 23, 311-354.

G UEX, J. 2001. Increasing involution and Cope's rule.Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 8 7(4), 373-379.In this paper, we demonstrate that Cope's rule merely describes theparticular case where volume increase is strictly coupled with thelinear dimension of the organisms. Allometries which are frequentlyobserved in the evolution of the organisms' morphology mean thattheir size, volume and surface can vary independently. Theconsequences of this can be summarized as follows. Volumeincrease not coupled with an increase of the linear dimension of theorganisms generates increasing involution and/or elongation inshelly cephalopods, forams and radiolarians. Increasing of thebiomineralizing surface not coupled with volume increase generatesincreasing complexity in the sutures and growth lines in ammonitesand an increase in the complexity and number of chambers inforams.

H A D A , S., ISHII , K. I ., LANDIS, C. A., et al. 2001.Kurosegawa Terrane in Southwest Japan; disrupted remnantsof a Gondwana-derived terrane. In: (HADA, S., YOSHIDA, M.,et al. eds). Crustal evolution in South and Southeast Asia.Gondwana Research. 4/1: 27-38The Kurosegawa Terrane is an anomalous, disrupted, Paleozoic andMesozoic lithotectonic assemblage characterized by fragments ofcontinent and continental margins. It is located in Southwest Japanwhere it lies between two Mesozoic subduction complex terranes.The Kurosegawa Terrane is an exotic and far-travelled geologicentity with respect to its present position. Limestones of theKurosegawa Terrane formed along a continental margin yieldfusulinacean fossils Cancellina, Colania and Lepidolina. Accordingly,the Kurosegawa Terrane was once situated within the Colania-Lepidolina territory in the East Tethys-Panthalassa region at apalaeo-equatorial latitude, possibly close to the eastern margin ofthe South China and/or Indochina-East Malaya continental blocks.These blocks had rifted from Gondwana by late Devonian. Theydrifted northwards, passing through the Colania-Lepidolina territoryin mid-Permian time, and amalgamated with the proto-Asiancontinent during the late Triassic. Subsequently, during theCretaceous, parts of the allochthonous continental blocks and theirassociated tectonic collage were transpressed, dispersed, anddisplaced from the southeastern periphery of Asia towards thenorth. As a result, the Kurosegawa Terrane is formed as a disruptedallochthonous terrane, characterized by a serpentinite melangezone, lying between the adjoining Mesozoic subduction complexterranes.

HAGGART, J. W., CARTER, E. S., BEATTIE, M. J., et al. 2001.Stratigraphy of Triassic/Jurassic Boundary Strata, QueenCharlotte Islands, British Columbia: Potential GlobalSystem Stratotype Boundary IGCP SW England WorkshopAbstracts (eds). p. 10-13. IGCP SW England Workshop, 13-17 October.The mass extinction and recovery of radiolarians at the T-Jboundary is documented in thick, continuous sections at twolocalities in Queen Charlotte Islands: Kunga Island and KennecottPoint. Radiolarians are abundant throughout both sequences;accessory faunas include conodonts, and rare ammonites of lateRhaetian and early Hettangian age.The Rhaetian radiolarian fauna is rich and diverse, composed largelyof spumellarian and nassellarian genera originating in the lateCarnian and Norian. Many distinctive new species arise in theRhaetian even in the upper beds. Over 65 described species arepresent at the base of the Globolaxtorum tozeri Zone (the topmostradiolarian zone of the Triassic) on Kunga Island. The abruptdisappearance of this fauna takes place over an interval of ~5 m

with over 45 species disappearing in the topmost 1.5 m. Above thislevel, the fauna is entirely changed. Lower Hettangian beds containa low diversity fauna composed of simple spumellarians withirregular meshwork and primitive rod-like spines; nassellarians arecomparatively rare and unusually small. These radiolarians areassigned to the lower Hettangian Canoptum merum Zone, which isequivalent to the North American Psilocerras assemblage of theammonoid standard zonal sequence.Less than twenty genera survive the T-J boundary in QueenCharlotte Islands but not all are present in the lower Hettangian.About half continue to radiate in the Lower Jurassic and beyond,while others are rare and soon disappear. Only about 10 speciessurvive the boundary and nearly all die out in the Hettangian. Thefaunal sequence at Kennecott Point is similar to Kunga Island, butscarcity of well preserved faunas in tuffaceous boundary bedsmakes the numbers less striking.Eleven new genera appear in the lower Hettangian and about 30species gradually accrue from these and other surviving genera;there are no extinctions. Several more genera appear in the middleand upper Hettangian and species diversity gradually rises.Nassellarian diversity increases dramatically in the Sinemurian(especially among multicyrtids), with 65 species recorded by theend of the stage. Throughout this time analogous morphologicalchanges are recognized in the spumellarian population: meshworkbecomes more regular, and the simple rod-like spines give way tothe more advanced tri-radiate type.The pattern of extinction and recovery seen in radiolarians fromQueen Charlotte Islands parallels trends seen in T-J boundaryfaunas from Japan. This suggests that the end-Triassicmicroplankton extinction may have been worldwide in extent, afactor likely to affect other groups higher in the food chain.

H A L A M I C , J., MA R C H I G, V. & G ORICAN, S. 2001.Geochemistry of Triassic radiolarian cherts in North-Western Croatia. Geologica Carpathica 52 (6), 327-342.The analysed Triassic (Illyrian, Lower Fassanian, Upper Carnian)radiolarian cherts on Zumberak, Ivanscica, Kalnik and MedvednicaMts (NW Croatia) are rocks with high SiO<inf>2</inf> content(mean >90 %) and the major part of silica is of biogenic origin.Besides this siliceous component, two others stand out in theradiolarian cherts. One of them is detritic (terrigenous input) and itconsists mainly of Al, Ti, K, Zr, Hf, Cr, Th, Rb, Nb and Sc. The other,hydrothermal one, is composed of Fe, Mn, P, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co andSr. The terrigenous component is a significant REE carrier. Theradiolarian cherts on Kalnik and Medvednica Mts show a positiveCe-anomaly (Ce/Ce*) which indicates a sedimentation in a narrowtrough relatively close to the continent. The negative Ce-anomaly onZumberak and Ivanscica Mts suggests a reduced terrigenous input.The radiolarian cherts in the last mentioned areas are sedimenteddirectly onto the dolomites and limestones of the carbonateplatform. This means that the terrigenous input was probablyweaker, because of the width of the disintegrated carbonateplatform (larger distance to the continent) or because of atopographically higher position (bypass of fine terrigenous material)with respect to Medvednica and Kalnik.

HAMILTON, N. & PUDSEY, C. J. 2001. Magnetic properties ofupper Quaternary sediments from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica.Antarctic Science 13 (1), 61-66.Magnetic properties of bulk sediment samples taken from threecores from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica were determined using a fully-automated variable field traslation balance. Fine-grained detritalmagnetite is identified as the principal carrier of remanence inthese Upper Quaternary sediments which were deposited under theinfluence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Inferred magnetitegrain-size is consistent with published bulk grain-size data forthese cores. Pseudo-single domain grains characterize Holocenecamples, and larger, multi-domain grains occur in glacial samplesfrom two of the cores, whereas samples from the northernmost coresite show dominantly multi-domain behaviour.

H A S L E T T , S. K. 2002. Quaternary EnvironmentalMicropalaeontology. Arnold, London, 288 p.

HIRAYAMA, R. & SKURAI, K. 2001. An unusual land turtle offamily Nanhsiungchelyidae (superfamily Trionychoidea,order Testudines) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido,North Japan. In: (ANONYMOUS eds). Abstracts of papers;Sixty-first annual meeting, Society of Vertebrate


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Paleontology. 62. University of Oklahoma. Norman, OK,United States. 2001.

HIRSCH, F. & ISHIDA, K. 2001. The Izanami Plateau; Japan'spre-accretionary Permo-Triassic low latitude pelagiccarbonates. In: (GVIRTZMAN, Z. & AMIT, R. eds). AnnualMeeting Israel Geological Society. 2001: 6 1 . IsraelGeological Society. Jerusalem, Israel. 2001.

HISADA, K. I., LEE, Y. I., KAMATA, Y. & SHIZUKA, T. 2001.Gyeongsang Supergroup, Korea; Consideration on theconnecting points with the Japanese Islands. In:(MATSUOKA, A. eds) Paleoceanography of the Panthalassa-Tethys Invitation to Global Field Science Topics inPaleontology 2. Paleontological Society of Japan, 73-86.

H O L L I S , C. J. 2000. Radiolarians: their potential forreconstructing prehistoric oceanography (eds). p. Species2000: New Zealand millennial symposium: a review andinventory of New Zealand's biodiversity, Museum of NewZealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington , 1-5 February2000.

H O L L I S , C. J. in press. Biostratigraphy andpaleoceanographic significance of Paleocene radiolariansfrom offshore eastern New Zealand. MarineMicropaleontology.A 100 m-thick Paleocene sequence of mainly pelagic sediments atODP Site 1121, on the eastern flanks of the Campbell Plateau,contains few to common radiolarians of relatively low diversity inthe lower 40 m (Early to early Late Paleocene) and abundant,diverse radiolarian assemblages in the upper 60 m (mid-LatePaleocene). The 150 taxa recorded from the entire Paleoceneinterval are thought to under-represent the actual species diversityby at least one half as many morphotypes have not beendifferentiated below the level of genus. Assemblages in the lower40 m are similar to those described from onland New Zealand andDSDP Site 208 (northern Lord Howe Rise); they are correlated withSouth Pacific radiolarian zones RP4 and RP5. Assemblages in theupper 60 m differ from other known Late Paleocene assemblages inthe great abundance of plagiacanthids and cycladophorids.Similarities are noted with later Cenozoic cool-water assemblages.This upper interval is correlated with South Pacific zone RP6, asrevised herein, based on comparison with faunas from Site 208 andMarlborough, New Zealand. The interval is also correlated with theupper part of North Atlantic zone RP6 (RP6b-c) based on thepresence of Aspis velutochlamydosaurus, Plectodiscus circularisand Pterocodon poculum. Other species, such as Buryella tetradicaand B. pentadica, are valuable for local correlation but exhibitconsiderable diachroneity between the Pacific, Indian and AtlanticOceans. An age model for the Paleocene interval at Site 1121,based on well-constrained nannofossil and radiolarian datums,indicates that the rate of compacted sediment accumulationdoubles from 15 to 30 mm/ka at the RP5/RP6 zonal boundary. Inlarge part, this is due to a sudden and pronounced increase inaccumulation rates for all siliceous fossils; radiolarians and largerdiatoms increase from <100 to >10,000 specimens/cm2/ka. Thisapparent increase in biosiliceous productivity is age-equivalent to amid-Paleocene cooling event (57-59 Ma) identified from globalstable isotope records that is associated with the heaviest 13Cvalues for the entire Cenozoic – heavy values imply enhancedoceanic productivity.

HOLLIS, C. J., FIELD, B. D., JONES, C. M., et al. 2000a. NewZealand perspective on global change from late Cretaceousto early Eocene : (a) the Paleocene-Eocene transition atMead Stream, Marlborough. GFF 122, 71-72.

HOLLIS, C. J. & KIMURA, K. 2001. A Unified RadiolarianZonation for the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene of Japan.Micropaleontology 47 (3), 235-255.Previous radiolarian zonations for the Late Cretaceous andPaleocene of Japan are reviewed in terms of species identificationsand age determinations. With adoption of a consistent identificationscheme, a remarkably uniform succession of radiolarianassemblages is evident throughout Southwest Japan. Sufficientspecies range into higher northern latitudes (Hokkaido, eastern

Russia) to permit the establishment of a single radiolarian zonationfor the Northwest Pacific.The new zonation consists of six Late Cretaceous and twoPaleocene interval zones: Theocampe urna zone (Tu, Coniacian),Dictyomitra koslovae zone (Dk, Santonian to early Campanian),Amphipyndax tylotus zone (At, late Campanian), Pseudotheocampeabschnitta zone (Pa, early Maastrichtian), Clathrocyclas graviszone (Cg, mid Maastrichtian), Lithostrobus wero zone (Lw, earlyPaleocene), Buryella foremanae zone (Bf, mid Paleocene). Zone Dkmay be subdivided into Santonian and early Campanian subzonesbased on the first appearances of Archaeospongoprunum hueyi gr.,n.gr., Protoxiphotractis perplexus and Lithocampe wharanui.Previous workers’ recognition of an Amphipyndax pseudoconulus orA. enesseffi assemblage in Japan is found to be erroneous. Carefulexamination of illustrations of the A. pseudoconulus-tylotuscomplex reveals that A. pseudoconulus s.s. (= A. enesseffi ofForeman 1966) is very rare in Japan and restricted to the lateCampanian, its first appearance coinciding with that of A. tylotus.

HOLLIS, C. J., RODGERS, K. A. & STRONG, C. P. 2000b. NewZealand perspective on global change from late Cretaceousto early Eocene: (b) the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition atFlaxbourne River, eastern Marlborough. GFF 122, 73-74.

IEDA, K. 2001. Radiolarians from the Chichibu Terrane inwestern part of Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture,Japan. Toyohashishi Shizenshi Hakubutsukan KenkyuHokoku = Science Report of the Toyohashi Museum ofNatural History 11, 23-26.

JANNOU, G. E. & OLIVERO, E. 2001. Record of Paleogeneradiolarians from Tierra del Fuego Island, Argentina.Ameghiniana 38 (3), 317-320.The finding of two assemblages of well preserved radiolarians, onefrom Punta Gruesa and the other from Cabo Irigoyen-Arroyo Vascoarea, on the Atlantic coast, Tierra del Fuego Island, is reported. Theformer contains: Amphicraspedum sp. cf. A. murrayanum Haeckel,Buryella dumitricai (Petrushevskaya), Orbiculiforma renillaeformis(Campbell and Clark), and Corythomelissa adunca (Sanfilippo andRiedel) among the most representative species, its age isconstrained to Late Paleocene-Early Eocene. The latter assemblagecontains Theocoty le (Theocotylissa) f i c u s (Ehrenberg),Amphisphaera macrosphaera (Nishimura), Buryella tetradicaForeman, and Spongurus bilobatus Clark and Campbell, its age isEarly Eocene in agreement with the associated planktonicforaminifera. Both assemblages contain Heliostylus sp., Mita sp.,and Stylosphaera minor Clark and Campbell.

JIANXIN, Y., AKIRA, Y. & KIYOKO, K. 2001. Upper Permianbiostratigraphic correlation between conodont andradiolarian zones in the Tamba-Mino Terrane, SouthwestJapan. Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University 44,97-119.Some important Permian conodonts were found in the bedded chertsof the Gujo-hachiman and the Ryozen sections in the Tamba-MinoTerrane, Southwest Japan. On the basis of the biohorizons ofcharacteristics conodont and radiolarian species, six conodontinterval zones are recognized in the Upper Permian, where fourradiolarian assemblage zones are settled. The conodont intervalzones include the Clarkina liangshanensis Interval Zone, theClarkina orientalis Interval Zone, the Clarkina subcarinata IntervalZone, the Clarkina parasubcarinata Interval Zone, the Clarkinapostwangi Interval Zone and the Clarkina meishanensis zhangiInterval Zone, in ascending order. The radiolarian assemblage zonesare the Follicucullus scholasticus-Follicucullus ventricosusAssemblage Zone, the Follicucullus charveti- Albaillella yamakitaiAssemblage zone, the Neoalbaillella ornithoformis Assemblage Zoneand the Neoalbaillella optima Assemblage Zone, in ascending order.Both conodont and radiolarian biostratigraphic data have beencorrelated with each other, and the Upper Permian biostratigraphiczonations have been examined in relation to those in South China.Changes of conodont and radiolarian faunas are discussed. A newspecies of Clarkina is described from the Upper Permian cherts.

JIN, X., XIE, G. & WANG, Y. 2001. Some stratigraphic andsedimentologic constraints on the features of theChangning-Menglian Tethys, Yunnan, China. In: (HADA,S., YOSHIDA, M., et al. eds). Crustal evolution in South andSoutheast Asia. Gondwana Research. 4; 1, Pages 55-60


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International Association for Gondwana Research. Osaka,Japan. 2001.The interpretation of the (Lower Carboniferous) basalt- (MiddleCarboniferous to Middle Permian) carbonate succession in thecentral zone of the Changning-Menglian Belt in western Yunnan,China as a seamount is one of the major arguments supporting alarge ocean model of the Changning-Menglian Tethys. Our fieldinvestigations and laboratory work lead to the conclusion that thebasalt-carbonate succession of the Changning-Menglian Belt is notgenetically related to seamount. It is a normal lithologicalsuccession that developed on continental crust, and it is underlainand overlain by marine carbonate and/or clastic deposits.

K A K U W A, Y. & XIA, W. C. 2001. Studies on the LatePaleozoic mass extinction events and radiolaria-bearingsiliceous rocks in South China. In: (MATSUOKA, A. eds).Paleoceanography of the Panthalassa-Tethys Invitation toGlobal Field Science Topics in Paleontology 2 . 53-64.Paleontological Society of Japan.

KAMATA, Y., SASHIDA, K., UENO, K., et al. 2002. Triassicradiolarian faunas from the Mae Sariang area, northernThailand and their paleogeographic significane. Journal ofAsian Earth Sciences 20 (5), 491-506.Early to Late Triassic (Spathian to Carman) radiolarians wereobtained from the bedded chert sequence of the Mae Sariang Groupdistributed in northern Thailand. Based on the similarity ofradiolarian fauna and petrographical characteristics, it is inferredthat the fine-grained siliceous and calcareous sediments of the MaeSariang Group are equivalent to those belonging to the easternmarginal facies of the Sibumasu Block. Moreover, the occurrence ofan early (?) Carman radiolarian assemblage from bedded chertshows that the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean between theSibumasu and Indochina Blocks in northern Thailand occurred afterthe early Carman.

KANFOUSH, S. L., HODELL, D. A., CHARLES, C. D., et al.2002. Comparison of ice-rafted debris and physicalproperties in ODP Site 1094 (South Atlantic) with theVostok ice core over the last four climatic cycles.Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 1 8 2(3-4), 329-349.Visual counts of ice-grafted debris (IRD), foraminifera, andradiolaria were made for similar to1500 samples in Site 1094spanning the last four climatic cycles (marine isotope stages 1-11). Most, but not all, of the IRD variability is captured by whole-core physical properties including magnetic susceptibility andgamma-ray attenuation bulk density. Glacial periods are marked byhigh IRD abundance and millennial-scale variability, which mayreflect instability of ice shelves in the Weddell Sea region. Eachinterglacial period exhibits low IRD and high foraminiferal abundanceduring the early part of the interglacial, indicating relatively warmsea-surface temperatures and reduced influence of sea ice. IRDincreases and foraminiferal abundances decrease during the latterpart of each interglacial, indicating a return to more glacial-likeconditions. Glacial terminations I and V are each characterized by astep-wise reduction in ice-rafting punctuated by a brief pulse in IRDdelivery and reversal in ∂18O. The coarse fraction of the sediment isdominated by ash and radiolaria, and the relative abundance ofthese components is remarkably similar to the concentration of Na+in Vostok. Each of these variables is believed to be controlledmainly by sea-ice cover, thereby providing a means for sediment-icecore correlation.

KAZINTSOVA, L. I. 2002. Correlation of Albian RadiolarianAssemblages from the Greater Caucasus, Europe, andMediterranean. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 1 0(1), 69-76.Generalized data on Albian radiolarians from the Greater Caucasusrefine composition of their Spongostichomitra elatica (middleAlbian) and Dictyomitra disparlita–Crolanium triangulare (upperAlbian) assemblages. The assemblages are correlated with coeval(or close in age) radiolarian faunas of the Crimea, Russian platform,Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Italy, Spain, andTunisia. The correlation revealed many species in common. Thesespecies suggest that above regional basins were interconnected and

offer a possibility for a broad correlation of late Albian–Cenomaniandeposits of the Greater Caucasus, Crimea, Russian platform, andMediterranean region. Late Albian radiolarians of the GreaterCaucasus are pictured under scanning microscope for the first time.

KEMKIN, I. V. & FILIPPOV, A. N. 2001. Structure and genesisof the lower structural unit of the Samarka Jurassicaccretionary prism (Sikhote-Alin, Russia). Geodiversitas23 (3), 323-339.Based on a study of several cherty-terrigenous sequences of theSamarka terrane in Sikhote-Alin, comprising lithologic andpaleontological analysis, the different age of the transitional layersfrom marine formations to paleocontinental-margin deposits wasestablished and the succession of marine fragments accretion wasrestored. The obtained data shows that low structural level of theSamarka accretionary prism is composed of a minimum of foursuccessive tectonostratigraphic units that differ both in age ofaccreted marine fragments and time of their accretion. Each unitconsists of deposits of a paleo-oceanic plates gradually changingabove on a section by terrigenous rocks, which further are replacedby an olistostrome. The relatively young pelagic rocks andoverlapping terrigenous deposits occur structurally below olderdeposits. Such structure of the Samarka prism results from aconsecutive accretion of the fragments of a different-age sites of apaleo-ocean plate. Radiolarian age data for the accretionary prismindicates that fragments of a Late Permian-Triassic, Early Triassic-Early Jurassic and Early Triassic-Middle Jurassic paleo-oceanicplate were consecutively accreted into the prism.

KIDDER, D. L. 2001. Secular distribution of biogenic silicathrough the Phanerozoic; comparison of silica-replacedfossils and bedded cherts at the series level. Journal o fGeology 109 (4), 509-522.The modern marine silica cycle is dominated by silica-secretingphytoplankton, principally diatoms, but this cycle has evolvedconsiderably during the Phanerozoic. We analyzed the temporaldistribution of silica-replaced fossils and bedded chert to determinethe influence of factors such as extinctions and climate change onsiliceous facies. Trends in silica replacement of fossils matchfaunal radiations during the Ordovician and Siluro-Devonian, withpeaks in silica replacement in the Late Ordovician and MiddleDevonian corresponding to peaks in the abundance and diversity ofsiliceous sponges. Sharp drops in the abundance of silica-replacedfossils and/or bedded cherts coincide with four of the five majormass extinctions. No discernible decrease marks the extinction atthe end of the Triassic. We expected peaks in bedded chertdeposition during glacial episodes because enhanced oceancirculation should favor more and stronger upwelling. Orogenicepisodes, which may trigger continental glaciation, may alsoincrease silica supply and further enhance siliceous depositionduring these intervals. The data we have sampled provide mixedresults. The Late Ordovician and Late Devonian glaciations do notcorrespond to peaks in bedded chert abundance, although theincrease in bedded cherts relative to silica-replaced fossils duringthe Carboniferous may reflect a climatic influence. The well-knownMiddle Miocene circum-Pacific chert event does correspond with aglacial interval. Lows in silica deposition should mark intervals whenthe ocean was stratified and/or ocean circulation was sluggish.Data from the mid-Cretaceous and Early Triassic appear consistentwith this expectation. Following the shift to a diatom-dominatedsilica cycle in the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous, patterns of chertabundance through time became more volatile and more responsiveto external influences on marine silica burial such as icehouse andgreenhouse effects. Prior to the diatom radiation, biogenic silicaburial was probably more equitably divided between radiolarians andsiliceous sponges. This more cosmopolitan control of silica burialmay have dampened the effects of climatic factors on silicaaccumulation, though better resolved data are needed to test thispossibility.

KOJIMA, S., YAMAKITA, S., OTOH, S. & EHIRO, M. 2001.Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks in Sikhote-Alin, Russia:Geology of East Asia before opening of the Sea of Japan.In: (MA T S U O K A , A. eds) Paleoceanography of thePanthalassa-Tethys Invitation to Global Field ScienceTopics in Paleontology 2 . Paleontological Society ofJapan, 87-94.


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KOZUR, H. W. & REPETSKI, J. E. 2002. Paulanoblella,nomen novum (Radiolaria) replaces Noblel la Kozur,Mostler & Repetski, 1996, a homonym of NoblellaBarbour, 1930 (Amphibia). Journal of Micropalaeontology21 , 28-28.

L IU, J. B. & AITCHISON, J. C. 2002. Upper Paleoceneradiolarians from the Yamdrok melange, south Xizang(Tibet), China. Micropaleontology 48, 145-154.A rich assemblage of upper Paleocene radiolarians has beenextracted from siliceous mudstones that locally form the matrix ofthe Yamdrok melange in southern Tibet. Faunas include Bekomacampechensis, Lychnocanoma? costata, Orbula comitata, Orbuladucalis, Clathrocycloma parcum, Amphisphaera macrosphaera,Phormocyrtis turgida, Spongurus? regularis, and Dictyocephalusmiddouri, and correspond to the Bekoma campechensis Zone. This isthe first discovery of upper Paleocene radiolarians from Tibet andprovides a maximum age constraint on the timing of formation ofthe Yamdrok melange, a unit postulated to have developed duringcollision of the northern margin of India with an intra-oceanic islandarc system within Tethys.

LUCIANI, V., COBIANCHI, M. & JENKYNS, H. C. 2001. Bioticand geochemical response to anoxic events; the Aptianpelagic succession of the Gargano Promontory (southernItaly). Geological Magazine 138 (3), 277-298.Microfossil distribution patterns and high-resolution ∂13C and ∂18Ocurves, calibrated against planktonic foraminiferal and calcareousnannofossil data, are provided for the Aptian pelagic Coppitellasection of the Gargano Promontory (southern Italy). The successionconsists of cyclically arranged couplets of bioturbated greymarlstones and off-white marly limestones, referable to the Marne aFucoidi. In the lower portion of the section, two thin black shaleswere recognized. The high-resolution ∂13C curve presented herecorrelates with those of other Alpine–Tethyan sections, albeit withlower absolute values. The onset of deposition of organic-richsediments falls at the top of the interval of unchanging carbon-isotope values, whereas the upper black shale is documented fromthe interval of the main Aptian positive ∂13C excursion. Accordingto our biostratigraphic data, the deposition of organic matter in theGargano Promontory persisted through Early/Late Aptian boundarytime. Using a chemostratigraphic definition, only the lower blackshale is referred to the Selli Level. As far as the biotic response isconcerned, the onset of the ‘nannoconid crisis’ is recordedconsiderably below the lower black shale, whereas the‘Globigerinelloides eclipse’ is recorded below and within the upperblack shale. The distribution of meso-eutrophic indices (Zygodiscusspp., radiolaria) vs. moderate-fertility indices (Rhagodiscus asperand Lithraphidites carniolensis) testifies to a modest increase ofsurface-water fertility only throughout the stratigraphically higherblack shale. The occurrence of a benthic foraminiferal fauna, albeitimpoverished, in both the basal and upper black horizons clearlydocuments dysaerobic rather than completely anoxic conditions onthe sea floor. Relative sea-level rise at the time of the Selli Event inthe Gargano Promontory is documented by drowning and founderingof the Apulia platform margin, situated adjacent to the basin inwhich the Marne a Fucoidi accumulated.

LUO, H., AITCHISON, J. C. & WANG, Y. J. 2002. Devonian(upper Emsian lower Givetian) radiolarians from the TanheFormation, Nanning, Guangxi, southwest China.Micropaleontology 48, 113-127.A moderately well-preserved radiolarian fauna consisting of 20Devonian (upper Emsian-lower Givetian) taxa was recovered fromsiliceous strata in the Wuxiangling section, Nanning, Guangxi,southwest China. This fauna is dominated by spumellarians, but alsoincludes some distinctive ceratoikiscid forms that have potentialfor biostratigraphic studies and regional correlation. Six newspecies, Ceratoikiscum coroniferum n. sp., Stigmosphaerostyluscubicus n. sp., Trilonche nanningensis n. sp., Trilonche remosa n. sp.,Trilonche tanheensis n. sp. and Trilonche xinpoensis n. sp., aredescribed.

MARCHIG, V., VON, S. U., HUFNAGEL, H. & DURN, G. 2001.Compositional changes of surface sediments and variabilityof manganese nodules in the Peru Basin. Deep Sea ResearchPart II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 48 (17-18), 3523-3547.

Two types of manganese nodules were observed in the Peru Basin:large botryoidal nodules in basins and small ellipsoidal nodules onslope positions. The sediment in areas with large botryoidal nodulescontains a thinner and weaker oxidation zone than the sedimentunder small ellipsoidal nodules, indicating that diagenetic processesin the sediment, which supply manganese nodules with metals fortheir growth, are stronger in sediments on which large botryoidalnodules grow. Organic matter, which activates remobilization ofmetals, occurs mostly in the form of refractory lipidic compounds inthe inner capsule of radiolaria. This material needs bacterialdegradation to act as a reducing agent. Easily oxidizable organiccomponents could not be found in the sediments. Other changes insediment composition do not have a link to manganese nodulegrowth. Biogenous components (radiolarians, organogenic barite andapatite) increase towards the equatorial high-productivity zone.Authigenous clay minerals (nontronite as well as montmorillonitewith high Fe+3 incorporation on positions of ochtaedral Al) increasewith distance from the continent. The assessment of environmentalimpacts will have to take into account the regional differences insediment composition and the small-scale variability of manganesenodules.

M ATSUOKA, A., KOBAYASHI, K., NAGAHASHI, T., et al.2001a. Early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) radiolarian faunafrom the Xialu chert in the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone,southern Tibet. In: (METCALFE, I., SMITH, J. M. B., et al.eds). Faunal and Floral Migrations and Evolution in SEAsia-Australasia. 105-110. A.A. Balkeema Publishers,Lisse.

MATSUOKA, A., YANG, Q., KOBAYASHI, K., et al. 2001b.Siliceous deposits in the Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone,southern Tibet, China: Paleoceanography in the eastTethys. In: (MATSUOKA, A. eds). Paleoceanography of thePanthalassa-Tethys Invitation to Global Field ScienceTopics in Paleontology 2 . 39-44. Paleontological Societyof Japan.

M A T S U O K A , A. & ZA M O R A S , L. R. 2001. Jurassicaccretionary complex in the North Palawan Block,Philippines: Southwestern extension of Jurassicaccretionary complex in Japan. In: (MATSUOKA, A. eds)Paleoceanography of the Panthalassa-Tethys Invitation toGlobal Field Science Topics in Paleontology 2 .Paleontological Society of Japan, 31-38.

MATUL, A. G., YUSHINA, I. G. & EMELYANOV, E. M. 2002.On the Late Quaternary paleohydrological parameters of theLabrador Sea based on radiolarians. Oceanology 4 2 (2),247-251.Radiolarian assemblages are studied in the sediments of core P-172from the central part of the Labrador Sea. The paleosalinity andpaleotemperature for the whole Late Quaternary interval werereconstructed using factor analysis and spline interpolation of thedata on the radiolarian distribution. Paleoceanographic informationwas obtained for the entire interval of the Late Quaternary period.During the last interglacial (oxygen isotopic stage 5), warm andsaline North Atlantic water masses, whose sea surface temperatureexceeded the present-day values by 4-5°C and sea surface salinityexceeded the present-day values by 0.5-1.0 parts per thousand,penetrated into the central part of the Labrador Sea. Similarsituations occurred repeatedly during the initial stages of the lastglaciation development (from the final part of stage 5 until stage3), although the temperature and salinity did not exceed thepresent-day level. The sharp Late Pleistocene salinity minima in thesurface waters correlate in time with Heinrich events H6, H5, H4,and H1/H2, which mark the penetration of enormous continental icemasses from the surrounding land into the North Atlantic.

MCCARTHY, A. J., JASIN, B. & HAILE, N. S. 2001. MiddleJurassic radiolarian chert, Indarung, Padang District, and itsimplications for the tectonic evolution of western Sumatra,Indonesia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19 (1-2), 31-44.Radiolaria from chert in the Indarung Area belong to the Transhsuumhisuikyoense Zone, indicating an Aalenian, lower Middle Jurassic,age. Carbonate in the area has been dated as Upper Jurassic toLower Cretaceous from the occurrence of Lovcenipora, andoverlying tuff has given a radiometric K/Ar age of 105+ or -3


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(Albian, uppermost Lower Cretaceous). The chert and carbonate areprobably in tectonic contact, with the chert faulted into thelimestone during ENE-directed compression. This comprises one ofthe best dated occurrences of allochthonous material in Sumatraand confirms the accretion of oceanic material along the Sundamargin during Mid- to Late-Cretaceous times.

M I T S U G I , T., IS H I D A , K., WO O , B. G., et al. 2001.Radiolarian-bearing conglomerate from the Hayang Group,the Kyongsang Supergroup, Southeastern Korea. Journal o fAsian Earth Sciences 19 (6), 751-763.The non-marine Cretaceous Kyongsang Supergroup, which is dividedinto the Sindong, the Hayang and the Yuchon groups, is widelydistributed in southeastern Korea. Radiolarian-bearing pebbles arecollected from the conglomerates of the Kumidong and the Kisadongformations of the Hayang Group. The age of radiolarian fossils rangefrom Late Permian to Middle Jurassic. In Korea, Permian to MiddleJurassic marine chert beds are not exposed. The directions ofpaleocurrents of the Kumidong and the Kisadong formations aremainly from the northeast to southwest. During Cretaceous time,the Mino-Tamba Belt, within which Permian to Middle Jurassic chertbeds are exposed, is suggested to have been located northeast ofthe Kyongsang Basin. The radiolarian faunas of the Hayang Groupare similar to those of the Mino-Tamba Belt and other associatedMesozoic accretionary belts in Japan (e.g. the Ashio Belt). Theprovenance of the radiolarian-bearing pebbles collected from theKumidong and the Kisadong formations is interpreted to be theMino-Tamba Belt and other associated Mesozoic accretionary beltsin Japan.

MORIYAMA, Y. & WALLIS, S. 2002. Three-dimensional finitestrain analysis in the high-grade part of the Sanbagawa Beltusing deformed meta-conglomerate. Island Arc 11 (2), 111-121.Regional ductile deformation of the Sanbagawa belt is generallythought to be characterized by constrictional strain, based on strainanalysis using deformed radiolarians in the low-grade regions.Similar strain analysis could not be carried out in the medium- tohigh-grade zones, because it is very difficult to identify individualradiolarians after strong recrystallization. However, discovery ofthe first known meta-conglomerate in the high-grade region of theSanbagawa Belt allows quantitative 3-D strain to be estimated inthis region. Using a development of the Rf-phi method, an evaluationof appropriate errors for this estimate can be determined. Theprincipal strain ratios and estimated errors are X/Y = 5.4-6.6 andY/Z = 3.8-3.9 implying deformation in the flattening field andrefuting the idea of uniform constrictional strain. Semi-quantitativemarkers of the shape of the strain ellipse throughout the high-graderegions suggest that the deformation of the Sanbagawa Belt isdominantly in the flattening field. The difference with the earlierresults may be due to late-stage overprinting by upright folding ofthe main ductile fabric in the low-grade region of western Shikoku.

Motoyama, I. & Ocean Drilling Program, L., ShipboardScientific Party, College Station, Tx, United States,. 2002.Late Cenozoic radiolarians from South Atlantic Hole1082A, Leg 175. In: (Berger Wolfgang, H., Wefer, G., et al.eds). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, scientificresults, Benguela Current; covering Leg 175 of the cruisesof the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Las Palmas,Canary Islands, to Cape Town, South Africa; sites 1075-1087; 9 August-8 October 1997. Texas A&M University,Ocean Drilling Program. College Station, TX, UnitedStates.Latest Miocene to Pleistocene poorly to well-preserved radiolarianswere recovered from Hole 1082A in the Walvis Basin by OceanDrilling Program Leg 175. Having moderate sedimentation rates anda good magnetostratigraphic record, this hole provides an excellentreference section for biochronology of the eastern South AtlanticOcean. A set of radiolarian census data is given, and distinctivebioevents are identified and tied to the geomagnetic polarity timescale. This is the first attempt at a direct correlation of Neogeneradiolarian bioevents with the geomagnetic polarity time scale in theSouth Atlantic off southwest Africa. Any one of the previouslyproposed zonal frameworks alone is hard to fully apply to radiolarianassemblages in Hole 1082A because of the rarity of the diagnosticspecies.

NIMMERGUT, A. & ABELMANN, A. 2002. Spatial and seasonalchanges of radiolarian standing stocks in the Sea ofOkhotsk. Deep Sea Research Part I: OceanographicResearch Papers 49 (3), 463-493.The distribution of living radiolarians was investigated at 24plankton stations collected with opening/closing nets from fivedepth intervals down to a depth of 1000m in combination with ahydrographic CTD survey in the Sea of Okhotsk during summer1998 and spring 1999. The radiolarian standing stock variedseasonally and regionally from 10 to 1775 skeletons/m3 and washighest during summer. Nassellarians exhibited highest densities insummer, a period characterized by high productivity ofheterotrophic organisms, whereas in spring, the season of maximumdiatom production, phaeodarians dominated. Spumellarians wererare in both seasons. Regional differences in the radiolarianstanding stocks were observed during both seasons. The radiolarianstanding stock was highest during summer in the vicinity of theSakhalin continental shelf, but pronounced regional variations in theradiolarian standing stock were also noted during spring. Theseasonal and regional differences in the radiolarian standing stockare strongly related to the seasonally changing productivity regimesand the regional differences in the food availability. A total of 58radiolarian taxa in spring and 64 taxa in summer were recorded. Ofthese eleven taxa and taxonomic groups (Antarctissa (?) sp. 1,Cycladophora davisiana, Challengeron sp. aff. C. neptuni, Peridiumsp. 1, the Plagoniidae, Protocystis tridens, Dictyophimus hirundo,Rhizoplegma boreale, the Spongodiscidae, Ceratospyris borealis andLophospyris sp. 1) made up an average of 89% of the spring and80% of the summer assemblages. Most polycystine taxa inhabitconfined depth intervals independent of their seasonally orregionally varying standing stock. A distinct depth relation of thepolycystine radiolarian standing stock, specific radiolarianassemblages and taxa remains consistent during both seasons. Themaximum polycystine radiolarian standing stock occurs generally atintermediate depth below the dichothermal layer. The depth habitatof specific radiolarian taxa and assemblages shows a closerelationship with the Sea of Okhotsk water masses and allowsdefinition of four assemblages: Surface water, subsurface coldwater, intermediate water and deep water assemblage. This studyshows that specific radiolarian taxa and assemblages are stronglyrelated to water mass structure and to different water masses ofthe Sea of Okhotsk and thus represent a potential tool toreconstruct changes in water mass distribution and structure duringthe late Quaternary in the Sea of Okhotsk.

N OBLE, P. J. & DANIELIAN, T. 2001. Status of work onOrdovician radiolarian phylogeny and biodiversity. In:HOLROYD PATRICIA, A. (eds) IGCP 410; the Great OrdovicianBiodiversification Event. PaleoBios. 21; 2, Suppl. 2. p. 8 .University of California, Riverside, United States. June 22-24 .

NOBLE, P. J., LENZ, A. C., ZIMMERMAN, M. K. & HOLMDEN,C. 2001. Siliceous microfossil and geochemical eventsrelated to the lundgreni (graptolite) extinction, EarlySilurian of the Canadian Arctic. In: (ANONYMOUS eds).Abstracts Geological Society of America, 2001 annualmeet ing. 15. Geological Society of America (GSA).Boulder, CO, United States. 2001.Siliceous microfossil, graptolite, and geochemical data frommeasured sections in the Cape Phillips Formation, Canadian Arctic,provide a robust data set that allows for increased calibration ofradiolarian faunal turnovers, radiation events, and recognition ofpaleoceanographically related changes during the early Wenlockthrough early Ludlow (Silurian). In particular, we recognize asequence of events associated with a major and globally recognizedextinction event in the graptolite community, the Lundgreni Event,which decimates the entire cyrtograptid lineage, and most of themonograptids and retiolitids. In the radiolarian community a majorturnover corresponding to the first abundance of Inaniguttatarangulica group occurs within the early Homerian Cyrtograptuslundgreni-Testograptus testis Zone, prior to the Lundgreni Event.The I. tarangulica assemblage continues after the Lundgreni Eventwith no observed radiolarian extinctions. However; radiolariansoccurring at the extinction horizon appear stressed, followed by areduction in abundance that lasts until the end of the Wenlock. TheLundgreni Event is accompanied by both a geochemical andsedimentological signature. A +2.5 ∂13Corg excursion occurs at theLundgreni Event and is interpreted to be paleoceanographic in


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nature, as it is seen in two sections of differing lithofacies.Sedimentologically, an increase in allodapic limestones and shallowwater fossil debris into basinal sections indicates progradation,possibly due to a lowstand. These data indicate that there is noobvious relationship between radiolarian and graptolite faunalturnovers in the mid Wenlock, irrespective of their coexistence insurface waters. Although radiolarians appear stressed at theLundgreni Event, they recover by the early Ludlow. Decreasedradiolarian abundance directly following the Lundgreni Eventappears to be related to a shoaling event shifting radiolarian-richfacies basinward.

O ' D O G H E R T Y , L. & GO R I C A N , S. 2002. Protunumaquadriperforatus n. sp., a new species of Jurassic Radiolaria.Micropaleontology 48, 35-41.Protunuma quadripeiforatus n. sp. is a tricyrtid Protunuma Ichikawaand Yao (Radiolaria, Nassellariina) characterized by a largesubspherical abdomen with well-developed tetragonal frames on theexternal surface. Phylogenctically, it represents an advancedmorphotype of Protunuma, but the external ornamentation withdistinctive tetragonal frames resembles some contemporaneousspecies of other genera, i.e. Striatojaponocapsa conexa (Matsuoka)and Tricolocapsa tetragona Matsuoka. Protunuma quadriperforatusn. sp. occurs in latest Bajocian - early Bathonian to middle Bathonianlow-latitude assemblages from the Mediterranean region and Japan.

O'DOGHERTY, L. & GUEX, J. 2002. Rates and pattern ofevolution among Cretaceous radiolarians: relations withglobal paleoceanographic events. Micropaleontology 4 8 ,1-22.We present a new approach for analyzing the turnover rates ofCretaceous radiolarians recorded in pelagic sequences of westernTethys, The analysis of major extinction-radiation events and thefluctuation of diversity are compared with major paleoceanographicevents and variation of diversity in dinoflagellates, calcareousnannoplankton and ammonites. There is an extraordinary correlationbetween biotic changes and sea level changes, temperatures, O, Cand Sr isotopes, phosphorus accumulation rates and anoxicepisodes. This reveals a predominantly abiotic control on theevolution of radiolarians. The rate of turnover and the diversitythrough time of two major orders of radiolarians (nassellarians andspumellarians) exhibits (1) the quasi-parallelism of their diversitycurves, excluding a direct competition between them, (2) greaterresistance of spumellarians to extinction during the early stage ofextinction intervals and (3) a stronger post-extinction recovery ofnassellarians. Evolutionary rates of radiolarians can be a goodmeans of monitoring global environmental changes and allowing usto understand more clearly the relationship between planktonevolution, climate and pale oceanographic processes.

O'DOGHERTY, L., MARTIN, A. A., GURSKY, H. J. & AGUADO,R. 2001. The middle Jurassic radiolarites and pelagiclimestones of the nieves unit (Rondaide complex, BeticCordillera): Basin starvation in a rifted marginal slope ofthe Western Tethys. International Journal of Earth Sciences90 (4), 831-846.Middle Jurassic radiolarites and associated pelagic limestonesoccur in the Rondaide Nieves unit of the Betic Cordillera, southernSpain. The Rondaide Mesozoic includes: (a) A thick succession ofTriassic platform carbonates, comparable to the Alpine Haupt-dolomit and Kossen facies; (b) Lower Jurassic pelagic limestonescomparable to the Alpine Hierlatz and Adnet facies; (c) the MiddleJurassic Parauta Radiolarite Formation, described herein; and (d) athin Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous condensed limestone succession.The Parauta Radiolarite Formation and associated limestones werestudied with respect to stratigraphy, petrography,micropalaeontology (radiolarians, calcareous nanno- andmicrofossils) and facies. Radiolarite sedimentation occured in theMiddle Bathonian in a restricted and dysoxic deep Nieves basin,perched in the distal zone of a continental margin fringing theTethyan ocean. This margin was adjacent to a young narrow oceanicbasin between the South-Iberian margin and a continental blockcalled Mesomediterranean Terrane. The Nieves basin was part of amarine corridor between the Proto-Atlantic and Piedmont-Ligurianbasins of the Alpine Tethys. The regional tectonic position, thestratigraphical evolution since the Triassic, the age and the natureof the Mesozoic facies and the palaeogeographic relations toadjacent domains show striking analogies between the BeticRondaide margin and coeval units of the Alps.

O'DOGHERTY, L., RODRIGUEZ, C. R., GURSKY, H. J., et al.2000. New data on lower carboniferous stratigraphy andpalaeogeography of the Malaguide complex (BeticCordillera, Southern Spain). Comptes Rendus de l'Academiede Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes331 (8), 533-541.The Malaguide basement is formed by a thick, strongly deformed butweakly metamorphosed sedimentary succession of ?Ordovician-Carboniferous age, mainly made of basinal mudstones andturbidites, which includes a thin but conspicuous LowerCarboniferous chert-limestone interval (Falcona formation). Thechert member (ribbon radiolarites) yielded, for the first time inSouthern Spain, Tournaisian radiolarians. The Visean age of thelimestone member is refined by conodonts. This formation is relatedto a period of generalized pelagic sedimentation, caused byrelatively high sea level, low clastic input and high equatorialproductivity, which preceded the closure of the Palaeotethys basinsdue to the Variscan orogeny.

O R C H A R D , M. J., CO R D E Y , F., RU I , L., et al. 2001.Biostratigraphic and biogeographic constraints on theCarboniferous to Jurassic Cache Creek Terrane in centralBritish Columbia. In: (STRUIK, L. C. & MACINTYRE, D. G.eds). The Nechako NATMAP project of the central CanadianCordillera--Le projet NATMAP Nechako de la Cordillerecanadienne centrale. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences =Revue Canadienne des Sciences de la Terre. 38/4: 551-578Conodonts, radiolarians, foraminiferids, and corals provideconstraints on the geology and tectonics of the Nechako region.They also support the notion that the Cache Creek Terrane isallochthonous with respect to the North American craton. The 177conodont collections, assigned to 20 faunas, range in age fromBashkirian (Late Carboniferous) to Norian (Late Triassic); 70radiolarian collections representing 12 zones range from Gzhelian(Late Carboniferous) to Toarcian (Early Jurassic); 335 collectionsassigned to 11 fusulinacean assemblages (with associated foram-algal associations) range from Bashkirian to Wordian (MiddlePermian); and two coral faunas are of Bashkirian and Wordian age.The fossils document a long but sporadic history of sedimentaryevents within the Cache Creek Complex that included two majorcarbonate buildups in the Late Carboniferous (Pope limestone) andMiddle Permian (Copley limestone), punctuated by intervening EarlyPermian deepening; basaltic eruptions during the mid Carboniferousand mid Permian; the onset of oceanic chert sedimentation close tothe Carboniferous-Permian boundary and its persistence throughthe Late Triassic (Sowchea succession); latest Permian and EarlyTriassic mixed clastics and volcanics (Kloch Lake succession);Middle and Late Triassic reworking of carbonates (Whitefishlimestone), including cavity fill in older limestones (Necosliebreccia), and fine-grained clastic sedimentation extending into theEarly Jurassic (Tezzeron succession). Tethyan, eastern Pacific, and(or) low-latitude biogeographic attributes of the faunas are noted inthe Gzhelian (fusulines), Artinskian (conodonts, fusulines), Wordian(fusulines, corals, conodonts), and Ladinian (conodonts,radiolarians). The Cache Creek Terrane lay far to the west of theNorth American continent during these times.

PISIAS, N. G., MIX, A. C. & HEUSSER, L. 2001. Millennialscale climate variability of the Northeast Pacific Ocean andNorthwest North America based on Radiolaria and pollen.Quaternary Science Reviews 20 (14), 1561-1576.Radiolaria and pollen abundances in marine sediment cores from thenortheast Pacific are used to reconstruct oceanographic andcontinental climate change during the past glacial cycle (0-150kyr). These data allow direct comparison of the climate response ofcontinental and oceanic systems. Detailed ∂18 O and AMS- 14Cmeasurements provide a link into global stratigraphic frameworks.Canonical correlation analysis extracts two modes of variationcommon to both the Radiolaria and pollen records. The first mode ofvariation correlates an assemblage of Radiolaria associated withcoastal upwelling with increased redwood, western hemlock, andalder pollen. This association is consistent with the modernrelationship between coastal upwelling, coastal fog and redwoodforests. A second canonical mode relates an oceanic fauna nowfound in highest abundance in the far North Pacific with reducedpine and western hemlock pollen abundance. Comparison of theserecords to an ice core ∂18 O record suggests that at wavelengths>3000 years, warm events in Greenland are correlated to intervalsof increased coastal upwelling off Oregon, decreases in importance


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of very cold North Pacific fauna (suggesting warming), andincreases in pollen associated with wetter coastal environments.Radiolarian based sea-surface temperature estimates suggest thatthe variability of the northeast Pacific on this time scale is about 2 °C. Warming in the coastal regions reflects reduced advection of theCalifornia Current, but is moderated by increases in cool coastalupwelling. We infer that the response of the northeast Pacific tomillennial scale climate changes is related to changes inatmospheric circulation at mid- to high latitudes. Preliminaryanalysis suggests that oceanic variability off Oregon atwavelengths <3000 years is similar to the Dansgaard-Oeschgercycles of the ice core ∂18 O records. This variability is associatedwith changes in subtropical faunal elements without similar changesin other faunal elements. This finding suggests that, unlike longer-period millennial scale events, the propagation of the shorterwavelength events to the Northeast Pacific is through subtropical ortropical teleconnections.

POPOVA I. M., BAUMGARTNER P. O., J., G. & V., T. S. 2002.Radiolarian biostratigraphy of Paleogene deposits of theRussian Platform (Voronesh Anticline). Geodiversitas 2 4(1), 7-59.The aim of the present biostratigraphic investigation is to constructa discrete radiolarian biochronological scale for the Paleogene ofthe Voronesh Anticline, processing data with the BIOGRAPH program(Savary & Guex 1991). The subdivisions of this scale arecharacterized by unique and mutually exclusive assemblages oftaxa which are similar to "Concurrent Range Zones" or "OppelZones". This new approach allows to resolve the contradictions incorrelation that have existed in numerous previous publications andresulted in the creation of three different radiolarianbiostratigraphic schemes for the same region of the RussianPlatform. The base material for our study are radiolarianassemblages collected from four Paleogene sections located inRussia and Ukraine. Eighteen Unitary Associations and sevenUnitary Associations Zones are established for the (?)latePaleocene and Eocene deposits of this area. These UnitaryAssociations Zones are tied to the standard stages by meansdiatoms, nannoplankton, foraminifera, silicoflagellates anddinoflagellates co-occurring with radiolarians in the same sections.We give a brief descriptions of 119 determined and zonedradiolarian taxa:The aim of the present biostratigraphicinvestigation is to construct a discrete radiolarian biochronologicalscale for the Paleogene of the Voronesh Anticline, processing datawith the BIOGRAPH program (Savary & Guex 1991). Thesubdivisions of this scale are characterized by unique and mutuallyexclusive assemblages of taxa which are similar to "ConcurrentRange Zones" or "Oppel Zones". This new approach allows to resolvethe contradictions in correlation that have existed in numerousprevious publications and resulted in the creation of three differentradiolarian biostratigraphic schemes for the same region of theRussian Platform. The base material for our study are radiolarianassemblages collected from four Paleogene sections located inRussia and Ukraine. Eighteen Unitary Associations and sevenUnitary Associations Zones are established for the (?)latePaleocene and Eocene deposits of this area. These UnitaryAssociations Zones are tied to the standard stages by meansdiatoms, nannoplankton, foraminifera, silicoflagellates anddinoflagellates co-occurring with radiolarians in the same sections.We give a brief descriptions of 119 determined and zonedradiolarian taxa.

PUJANA, I. & QUILTY, P. G. 2002. High latitude, lateCampanian (Cretaceous) Radiolaria from offshore south-eastern Tasmania. Alcheringa 26 (1-2), 249-260.A well-preserved, low diversity (ten species), high latitude(palaeolatitude 70°S) radiolarian fauna is recorded from shallow-water late Campanian (Late Cretaceious) sediments recovered incores taken from the continental slope of southeastern Tasmania,These are the first Radiolaria described from Cretaceous rocks ofsoutheastern Australia. Most forms are previously describedspecies but a new species of Petasiforma is described, Age controlis provided by dinoflagellates but the radiolarian fauna is similar tolate Campanian-Maastrichtian faunas described from CampbellPlateau. A late Campanian age can also be determined from theRadiolaria, which are correlated with the Patulibracchium dickinsoniZone. The site has subsided some 3200 in since deposition, at anaverage rate of about 40-45 m/Ma, consistent with otherindicators in the region. Radiolaria are similar to other coevalplankton in exhibiting high latitude characteristics.

RADIONOVA, E. P., KHOKHLOVA, I. E., BENIAMOVSKII, V. N.,et al. 2001. Paleocene/ Eocene transition in thenortheastern Peri-Tethys area; Sokolovskii key section ofthe Turgay Passage (Kazakhstan). Bulletin de la SocieteGeologique de France 172 (2), 245-256.Lithology, microfossils, and stratigraphy of the uppermostPaleocene - lowermost Eocene predominantly terrigenous andsiliceous sediments from the Sokolovskii section located in theTurgay Passage, northern Kazakhstan, were studied. Among themicrofossils, calcareous nannofossils, radiolarians, and especiallydinocysts proved to be useful for age determinations, correlationwith standard zonal schemes, and for paleoecologicalreconstructions. The NP8 (Heliolithus riedelii) nannoplankton Zone,the Acarinina subsphaerica and A. acarinata (lowermost part)planktonic foraminifera Zones, the Petalospyris foveolata regionalradiolarian Zone, the Moiseivia uralensis diatom Zone wererecognised, as well as four dinocysts zones: the Alisocystamargarita, Apectodinium hyperacanthum, A. augustum, andWetzeliella meckelfeldensis Zones. Also, two transgressive-regressive cycles are distinguished. They are interrupted by shorthiatuses; the upper one corresponds to the boundary between theApectodinium augustum and Wetzeliella meckelfeldensis dinocystZones.

SANFILIPPO, A. & BLOME, C. D. 2001. Biostratigraphicimplications of mid-latitude Palaeocene-Eocene radiolarianfaunas from Hole 1051A, ODP Leg 171B, Blake Nose,western North Atlantic. In: (KROON, D., NORRIS RICHARD,D., et al. eds). Western North Atlantic Palaeogene andCretaceous palaeoceanography. Geological Society SpecialPublications 1 8 3 . 185-224. Geological Society ofLondon, London, United KingdomAbundant well-preserved radiolarians were recovered from OceanDrilling Program Leg 171B Hole 1051A, western North Atlantic, andrange from upper middle Eocene radiolarian Zone RP16 throughlower Palaeocene Zone RP6. This mid-latitude fauna contrasts withtropical faunas in lacking many tropical zonal markers and in itshigh proportion of diachronous first and last occurrences. Thesequence from Hole 1051A contains the lower Eocene-middleEocene and Palaeocene-Eocene (P-E) boundaries, and the only knownrecord of a well-preserved Late Palaeocene Thermal Maximum(LPTM) radiolarian assemblage. There is no gross change observedin the composition of the fauna, only a minor increase in the numberof first and last occurrences across the LPTM interval and P-Eboundary. Calcareous evidence indicates two hiatuses, each 1-2 Malong, one in the lowermost middle Eocene sequence and a second inthe upper Palaeocene sequence. Presence of the middle Eocenehiatus is corroborated by an abnormally large radiolarian turnover.Twenty-six events are documented and show that most ofradiolarian Zone RP10 and a substantial part of Zone RP9 aremissing. Seven new species are described: Spongatractus klausi,Calocyclas aphradia, Lychnocanoma (?) parma, Sethocyrtisaustellus, Sethocyrtis chrysallis, Thyrsocyrtis (Pentalacorys) krooniand Thyrsocyrtis (Thyrsocyrtis) norrisi.

S A S A K I, M., OT O H, S., HA S B A A T O R, et al. 2001. ThePaleozoic-Mesozoic rocks of the Inner MongolianAutonomous Region, China: Pre-Teritary tectonic betweenthe Angara Craton and the North China Block. I n :(MATSUOKA, A. eds). Paleoceanography of the Panthalassa-Tethys Invitation to Global Field Science Topics inPaleontology 2. 65-72. Paleontological Society of Japan.

S A S H I D A, K. 2001. Status of Paleozoic and Mesozoicradiolarian study in Thailand and Timor Island, Indonesia.In: (M A T S U O K A, A. eds). Paleoceanography of thePanthalassa-Tethys Invitation to Global Field ScienceTopics in Paleontology 2 . 25-30. Paleontological Societyof Japan.

SASHIDA, K., SALYAPONGSE, S. & CHARUSIRI, P. 2002. LowerCarboniferous radiolarian fauna from the Saba Yoi-KabangArea, southernmost part of peninsular Thailand.Micropaleontology 48, 129-143.


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Lower Carboniferous radiolarian fauna is described from asandstone-chert sequence exposed at Saba Yoi-Kabang (Kabang),southernmost part of peninsular Thailand. This fauna was recoveredfrom a thinly-bedded black chert intercalated in thickly beddedsandstone. The fauna is composed of Albaillella deflandrei,Archocyrtium tinnulum, Pylentonema antiqua, Stigmosphaerostylusvariospina, Triaenosphaera sicarius, Astroentactinia biaciculata,Astroentactinia mirousi and other taxa. These radiolariansrepresent the upper Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous) Albaillellaindensis Assemblage reported from central Pyrenees, France,southwestern China, peninsular Malaysia, and eastern Australia. Theradiolarian-bearing sequence was probably deposited in a pelagic orhemipelagic environment within the Paleotethys Ocean in EarlyCarboniferous time. Twenty-three radiolarian species belonging to13 genera including four unidentified genera are investigated.

SHIMIZU, H., KUNIMARU, T., YONEDA, S. & ADACHI, M.2001. Source and depositional environments of somePermian and Triassic cherts; significance of Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic and REE abundance data. Journal of Geology109 (1), 105-125.Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data, rare earth element (REE)abundances, and major-element compositions are reported for theTriassic cherts of the Mino Terrane in the Inner Zone of southwestJapan and for the Permian and Triassic cherts of the SambosanTerrane in the Outer Zone of southwest Japan. Rb-Sr isotopic data ofthe Mino and Sambosan cherts define separate isochron lines, andthe Rb-Sr ages of ca. 210 and 240 Ma reflect the chert depositionand the end of the subsequent chemical diagenesis during whichamorphous silica was transformed into quartz. It is concluded thatthe Rb-Sr isotopic system of the cherts becomes essentiallyhomogenized among biogenic silica, detrital components andhydrogeneous components during deposition, and the subsequentchemical diagenesis before lithification due to high mobility of Rband Sr. The Sr initial ratio (0.71363) of the Triassic Mino cherts isclearly higher than those (0.7079 and 0.7068) of the Triassic andPermian Sambosan cherts, which are close to the estimated oceanicSr ratios of 0.7066-0.7081 in the Permian and Triassic. On theother hand, Sm-Nd isotopic data do not define isochron lines. Thismight be due to incomplete homogenization of the system amongbiogenic silica, detrital components and hydrogeneous componentsduring deposition, and chemical diagenesis because of low mobilityof REE. Initial Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of the Mino cherts can beinterpreted by mixing typical continental crustal rocks, representedby aeolian loess compositions, with a small amount of Precambrianrocks (<10%), while those of the Sambosan cherts can be explainedby mixing continental crustal rocks with oceanic volcanic rockssuch as MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt). In the mixing model betweenChinese loess and MORB, a proportion of loess is ca. 30%-60% forthe Middle Permian Sambosan cherts and ca. 60%-90% for theTriassic Sambosan cherts. Al2O3 /(Al2O3 +Fe2O3 ) ratios and Ceanomalies in the REE patterns also show a higher contribution ofcontinental components in the Triassic Sambosan and Mino chertsthan the Permian Sambosan cherts, suggesting deposition in amarginal sea or on the continental shelf and slope for the TriassicSambosan and Mino cherts. Our study shows that the geochemicaland isotopic features of the Mino and Sambosan cherts essentiallyretain the nature of their formation and subsequent chemicaldiagenesis before lithification. Alteration or metamorphic effectsduring subduction and accretion processes cannot be found in thechemical and isotopic features of these cherts. Our result requiresthe reexamination of the previous paleogeographicalreconstructions of the Japanese Islands as well as the relationshipbetween the Mino and Sambosan Terranes in Permian and Triassictime.

STRUIK, L. C., SCHIARIZZA, P., ORCHARD, M. J., et al. 2001.Imbricate architecture of the upper Paleozoic to Jurassicoceanic Cache Creek Terrane, central British Columbia. In:(STRUIK, L. C. & MACINTYRE, D. G. eds). The NechakoNATMAP project of the central Canadian Cordillera--Leprojet NATMAP Nechako de la Cordillere canadiennecentrale. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences = RevueCanadienne des Sciences de la Terre. 38/4: 495-514.Upper Paleozoic to Lower Jurassic oceanic rocks of the Cache CreekTerrane near Fort St. James, in central British Columbia, form astack of thrust sheets cut by steeply dipping strike-slip faults.Paleontologically dated upper Paleozoic strata include bioclasticshallow-water limestone and ribbon chert. Isotopically datedPermian rocks consist of tonalite sills and stocks and rhyolite flowsintercalated with basalt flows. Paleontologically dated lowerMesozoic rocks include greywacke, sandstone, siltstone, argillite,

ribbon chert, conglomerate, limestone, and basalt tuff. TrembleurUltramafite unit of the Cache Creek Complex, in places part of anophiolite suite, forms thrust sheets and klippen that overlie lowerMesozoic sedimentary rocks. Sedimentological, lithochemical,paleontological, petrological, and textural comparisons with otherareas and established models demonstrate that Cache CreekTerrane is an accretionary complex, a structurally stackedassemblage of rocks that originated in diverse and disparateoceanic paleoenvironments. These environments include spreadingridge, oceanic plateau, atoll, trench fill, and possibly arc. Internalimbrication of the terrane is as young as Early Jurassic, asdetermined from fossil evidence, and the minimum age of obductionof the thrust stack westward onto Stikine Terrane is MiddleJurassic, as determined from dating of a crosscutting pluton.Triassic blueschist and eclogite of Cache Creek Terrane areinterpreted to have been primarily uplifted to upper crustal levelsduring Triassic subduction. Cache Creek Terrane, as a remnant ofthat subduction process, and caught in the collision between Stikineand Quesnel terranes, marks the position of a lithosphere-scalesuture zone, the Pinchi Suture.

SUTHERLAND, R. & HOLLIS, C. 2001. Cretaceous demise ofthe Moa Plate and strike-slip motion at the Gondwanamargin. Geology (Boulder) 29 (3), 279-282.Radiolaria and paleomagnetic data from Deep Sea Drilling ProjectSites 595 and 596 indicate that Early Cretaceous seafloor wasformed at moderate to high latitudes in the Pacific. This inferencerequires a Cretaceous spreading ridge south of the Pacific-PhoenixRidge and substantial dextral strike-slip motion at the Gondwanamargin. The previously unrecognized southern oceanic plate, calledhere the Moa plate, was obliquely subducted beneath the Gondwanamargin, and material accreted from it is now part of the Easternprovince of New Zealand.

SUZUKI, H., YAMAGUCHI, M. & SETOGUCHI, T. 2002.Cretaceous radiolaria from chert pebbles of the MioceneHonda Group of Huila, central Colombia. Neues JahrbuchFur Geologie Und Palaontologie-Monatshefte (1), 48-64.Cretaceous radiolarians from two chert pebbles originate from thepebbly sandstone bed of the Miocene Honda Group in the La Ventaarea, department of Huila. One pebble contains the generaDictyomitra, Theocampe, Stichomitra and Protoxiphotractus,indicating a middle Late Cretaceous age. The other containsDictyomitra, Thanarla, Pseudodictyomitra, Stichomitra, Stichocapsaand Hiscocapsa, suggesting an age of latest Early Cretaceous(Albian). These chert pebbles indicate that around the upperMagdalena Valley the Cretaceous radiolarite pebbles were depositedat least in Miocene time. The origin of these chert pebbles areattributed to the Palmira facies in the Cretaceous sequences of theEastern Cordillera or to the Cretaceous complex of the CentralCordillera.

SUZUKI, N. & SU G I Y A M A, K. 2001. Regular axopodialactivity of Diplosphaera hexagonalis Haeckel (spheroidalspumellarian, Radiolaria). Paleontological Research 5 (2),131-140.The physiological ecology of a spherical polycystine species,Diplosphaera hexagonalis collected from the surface water of theKuroshio Current in the East China Sea off Sesoko Island, Okinawa,was observed in a culture dish for three days. The observedspecimen demonstrated cyclic extension and contraction ofaxopodia by a regular interval of ca. 630 seconds. Each cycle wasdivided into four phases based on the state of the axopodia andmovement of axopodial vacuoles. Vertical migration in response toaxopodial motility was also observed. The specimen began to riseaccompanied with the axopodial extension, floated in the seawaterand often moved horizontally when its axopodia were radiatedsymmetrically, and began to sink in correspondence with theaxopodial contraction. The effect of thermal currents on thisbehavior is easily neglected on the ground of the definitecoincidence with the rhythmic extension and contraction ofaxopodia. The rhythm appears to play important roles in thephysiological ecology of this species, including food capture andpossibly buoyancy. The taxonomic section presents a nearlycomplete synonym list of D. hexagonalis and summarizes that thegenus D ip losphaera is a senior synonym of Astrosphaera,Drymosphaera and Leptosphaera. Thus, Diplosphaera hexagonalis isthe only valid name for this species, according to ICZN Article 55.3.Diplosphaera is considered herein to belong not to the familyActinommidae but to the Astrosphaeridae, unlike in most previouspaleontological and biological studies. The family Macrosphaeridae


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Hollande and Enjumet, 1960, to which the genus Diplosphaera wasassigned, is treated as an invalid name because the type genusMacrosphaera has not been established yet.

TAKAHASHI, M., YANAGISAWA, Y., HAYASHI, H., et al. 2001.Integrated stratigraphy of the Miocene marine sequence inthe Tanagura area, Northeast Japan. In: (ODIN, G. S. eds).Phanerozoic time scale. IUGS Subcommission ofGeochronology. Paris, Bulletin of Liaison andInformations, 16: 18-27.

T A K E M U R A , A., AI T A , Y., SA K A I , T., et al. 2001.Radiolarians from the Waipapa terrane in North Island, NewZealand. In: (MATSUOKA, A. eds). Paleoceanography of thePanthalassa-Tethys Invitation to Global Field ScienceTopics in Paleontology 2 . 17-24. Paleontological Societyof Japan.

TEKIN, U. K. 2002. Lower Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian)radiolarians from the Antalya Nappes, Central Thurids,Southern Turkey. Micropaleontology 48 (2), 177-205.The Hocakoy section, measured in the Alakircay Nappe of AntalyaNappes in SW Turkey, is one of the key sections that contains UpperTriassic to Middle Cretaceous Radiolaria bearing pelagic sediments.The lower part of the section is the Upper Triassic GokdereFormation (cherty-limestone/limestone-chert alternation), while theupper part is the Jurassic-Cretaceous Hocakoy Radiolarite (mainlychert-mudstone alternation with some limestone interlayers). Thinbedded limestone beds at base of the Hocakoy Radiolarite containmoderately to well-preserved middle Hettangian-lower upperSinemurian radiolarians. Radiolaria obtained from these basallimestone beds resemble and are correlative to the fauna fromQueen Charlotte Island, British Columbia by Carter et al. (1998).Pantanellium browni (middle-upper Hettangian), Crucella hettangica(uppermost Hettangian-lowermost Sinemurian), Parahsuum simplum(lower Sinemurian) and Canutus rockfishensis-Wrangelliumthurstonense (lower upper Sinemurian) radiolarian zones arerecognized in this part of the section. In this study, 61 species and14 taxa belonging to open nomenclature are investigated and 4species are described as new, namely Bistarkum equalum,Praehexasaturnalis merici, Katroma hocakoeyensis and K. sashidai.

TEKIN, U. K., GONCUOGLU, M. C. & TURHAN, N. 2002. Firstevidence of Late Carnian radiolarians from the Izmir-Ankarasuture complex, central Sakarya, Turkey: implications forthe opening age of the Izmir-Ankara branch of Neo-Tethys.Geobios 35 (1), 127-135.Within the Late Cretaceous melange complex of the Izmir-Ankarasuture zone in central Sakarya area, north-western Turkey, amegablock with radiolarian cherts associated with basaltic pillowlavas has been dated by radiolarians. The studied radiolarianassemblage and conodonts yielded an early Late Carnian age. Thisage is the oldest obtained from the chert blocks all along the suturebelt and has important implications for the rifting/opening age ofthe Izmir-Ankara branch of the Tethys ocean in north-westernTurkey. Based on this new data, it is concluded that during the LateTriassic the Izmir-Ankara seaway was connected to the otherTethyan oceanic branches and deep enough to provide chertsedimentation and exchange radiolarians with the main open oceans.It is further suggested that the long-lasting misinterpretation of aLiassic rifting/opening of the Izmir-Ankara ocean should be revised.

T O C H I L I N A , S. V. & KO S E N K O V A , S. T. 2001.Informativeness of classification criteria for Nassellaria(Radiolaria); the family Lamprocyclidae. PaleontologicalJournal 35 (6), 571-578.It is known that many morphological types of radiolarians from theWorld Ocean remained stable from the Mesozoic to the Present.Radiolarians whose skeletons consist of three parts are an exampleof such a stable morphotype. These are represented by the generaTricolocapsa, Theocapsa, Sethocapsa, Theoconus, Theocyrtis,Lamprocyclas, Lamprocyrtis, Theocorythium, and others. However, awide diversity in the shape and size of each part and in thearrangement of the rays in the cephalis are responsible fornumerous errors in taxonomic determination. Many aspects of thisproblem may be tackled by using mathematical methods and

computers. A statistical method for pattern recognition is applied inthis paper to classify Nassellaria specimens on the basis of acombination of variables. The results of this classification arediscussed to show that the measurements of skeletal elements area major factor in radiolarian taxonomy, whereas their ratiosconstitute characters that indicate the affinity and evolutionarylines of radiolarians.

TOCHILINA, S. V. & SAPIN, V. I. 2002. Implication ofmicroprobe analysis for the classification of Nasselaria(Radiolaria). Doklady Earth Sciences 383 (2), 144-146.

TOLMACHEVA, T., EGERQUIST, E. & HOLMER, L. E. 2001a.Faunal dynamics in the Lower-Middle Ordovician ofBaltoscandia and Kazakhstan; a comparative study. In:HOLROYD PATRICIA, A. (eds) PaleoBios. 21; 2, Suppl. 2, p .12. p. IGCP 410; the Great Ordovician BiodiversificationEvent., University of California, Riverside, United States.

TOLMACHEVA, T. J., DANELIAN, T. & POPOV, L. E. 2001b.Evidence for 15 m.y. of continuous deep-sea biogenicsiliceous sedimentation in early Paleozoic oceans. Geology(Boulder) 29 (8), 755-758.Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician radiolarites (alternations ofribbon-banded radiolarian cherts and siliceous shales) fromKazakhstan are dated accurately by means of conodonts. Theyrepresent the only known continuous sequence of abyssal depositsacross the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. The radiolarites areassociated with remnants of oceanic crust (ophiolites) and form theoldest-known radiolarian ooze accumulations, which presumablyformed in equatorial paleolatitudes. The Cambrian cherts containclusters of conodonts (especially paraconodonts) that are verypoorly known at present, despite their potential for improvedunderstanding of conodont community structure and paleoecology.

U M E D A, M. 2001. Late Devonian pelagic cherts andextinction event. In: ANONYMOUS (eds). p. 13. GeologicalSociety of America, 2001 annual meeting Abstracts withPrograms.The Devonian was a warming period with the most extensive reefdevelopment except a decline in the Late Devonian. The LateDevonian (the late Frasnian) extinction in reef habitats wasregarded as a result of global cooling on the basis of the studies onshallow-water sediments. In order to reconstruct the globalenvironmental change at that time, the author investigated on deep-sea cherts in the New England Fold Belt, northern New South Walesand southern Queensland, eastern Australia. The cherts representancient deep-sea pelagic sediments primarily deposited in thePaleo-Pacific. The cherts at 13 sites yield age-diagnosticradiolarians. The Middle Devonian and Early Carboniferousradiolarians occurred from red bedded cherts, while Late Devonianones from gray to green cherts. The red cherts during the MiddleDevonian and Early Carboniferous indicate well-ventilated andoxygenated bottom water. The Late Devonian gray to green cherts inAustralia, and coeval black cherts and shallow-water black shalesrich in organic carbon in North America suggest the extensivedysoxic water, indicating a sluggish ocean circulation. This sluggishocean circulation may have reflected a warm climate in the LateDevonian. The warm-water radiolarians, Nassellaria andAlbaillellaria, proliferated in the Late Devonian and declined at theend-Devonian synchronous with the onset of glaciation. This alsomay suggest that the late Frasnian extinction occurred during thewarming climate.

VILLENEUVE, M., CORNEE, J. J., GUNAWAN, W., et al. 2001.La succession lithostratigraphique du bloc de Banda dans laregion de Kolonodale (Sulawesi central, Indonesie).Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 172 (1), 59-68.Sulawesi island is the convergence area of the Eurasian, the Pacificand the Australian plates. Villeneuve et al. demonstrated, from bothlithostratigraphic and tectonic studies, that east and southeastSulawesi was composed of two major continental blocks. - The"Banda block", including also Buru, Seram and Sinta Ridge, collidedwith the Asian volcanic arc of west Sulawesi during Oligocene times,then was dismembered during the Late Neogene Banda sea opening.- The Banggai-Sula block which was drifted from Irian Jaya andcollided with the Banda block during Mid-Late Pliocene times. One of


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the fragments of the Banda block is in East Sulawesi, correspondingto the ophiolitic zone. There, in the Kolonodale area, it is possible toreconstruct the sedimentary succession under the ophiolite, despiteintensive deformations. Over several years the stratigraphicframework of this area was detailed, following general mapping, andit is now possible, by including unpublished data concerningCainozoic rocks, to reconstruct the Mesozoic-Cainozoicsuccession. Reconstructing the succession was possible by jointstructural, stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental studies. Anexample of structural cross-sections around the Kolonodale gulf isgiven on figure 4, from which local successions were built. We cannow propose the general succession.

VISHNEVSKAYA, V., PISERA, A. & RACKI, G. 2002. Siliceousbiota (radiolarians and sponges) and the Late Devonianbiotic crisis: The Polish reference. Acta PalaeontologicaPolonica 47 (2), 211-226.The radiolarian species Astroentactinia paronae, A. stellata,Trilonche echinata, T grandis, T nigra, Haplentactinia inaudita, and H.rhinophyuosa are common in late Frasnian to early Famennianrhythmic, calcareous-marly sequence of the southern Holy CrossMts., Poland. They are known also from coeval abundant siliceousbiota assemblages from the carbonate shelf of East EuropeanPlatform including more than 150 taxa of radiolarians. However, inecological terms, the moderately diverse Polish microfaunas (34species of 12 genera) are more similar to these from Kolyma andAlaska, also marked by abundance of sphaerical entactiniids andnear-absence of bilateral-symmetric Ceratoikiscidae andPalaeoscenididae. A succession of two distinctive siliceous spongesassociations is established in the incipiently submerged Holy Crosscarbonate platform: from an ephemeral, diverse, mostly rigid-skeletal lithistid-hexactinosan foreslope assemblage (initial phaseof the late Frasnian Kellwasser Crisis), to long-lasting, basinalloose-skeletal hexactinellid-demosponge faunas (appearingabundantly just prior the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in the latePalmatolepis linguiformis Zone). Such regional blooms of marinesiliceous biotas, parallel to temporary retreat of calcareous biota,are demonstrated worldwide for the Kellwasser Crisis. Thesesuggest probable causal links with cooling pulses and at leastregional, volcanically induced eutrophication.

V I S H N E Y S K A Y A , V. S. 2001. Jurassic to Cretaceousradiolarian biostratigraphy of Russia. GEOS, Moscow. 376pp.

VISHNEYSKAYA, V. S. & BARABOSHKIN, E. Y. 2001. NewData on Biostratigraphy of the Volgian StageLectostratotype near the Gorodishche Village (MiddleVolga Region). Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 9(5), 491-500.A thorough revision of the lectostratotype of the Volgian Stage nearthe Gorodishche Village (Ul’yanovsk region) and neighboring sectionof the upper Kimmeridgian–lower Volgian (Dubki Village) revealedthe radiolarian assemblage with Parvicingula jonesi corresponding tothe cymodoce and eudoxus ammonite zones. The radiolarianassemblage from the lower Volgian klimovi ammonite zone isdominated by Parvicingula blowi. Representatives of the genusParvicingula prevail also in the sokolovi and pseudoscythica zones.The uppermost middle Volgian Zarajskites zarajskensis Zone and theDorsoplanites panderi Zone contain the diverse radiolarianassemblage with Parvicingula haeckeli. The late Volgian radiolarianassemblage from the subditus ammonite zone includes abundantStichocapsa devorata and is close to that from coeval sediments ofthe North Sea. In contrast to Kimmeridgian–Tithonian radiolarianassemblages of the Caucasus, the studied assemblages are of theboreal type. The Virgatites gerassimovi Zone is established and thescope of the Virgatites virgatus and Epivirgatites nikitini zones ofthe middle Volgian Substage is specified. The upper VolgianKachpurites fulgens Zone is subdivided into subzones. The thoroughstudy of the phosphorite horizon at the boundary between Volgianand Hauterivian stages did not confirm the presence of the upperBerriasian and lower Valanginian fossils even in the redepositedstate.

VOLBERS, A. N. A. & HENRICH, R. 2002. Late Quaternaryvariations in calcium carbonate preservation of deep-seasediments in the northern Cape Basin: Results from amultiproxy approach. Marine Geology 1 8 0 (1-4), 203-220.

In this study, we test various parameters in deep-sea sediments(bulk sediment parameters and changes in microfossil abundancesand preservation character) which are generally accepted asindicators of calcium carbonate dissolution. We investigatesediment material from station GeoB 1710-3 in the northern CapeBasin (eastern South Atlantic), 280 km away from the Namibiancoast, well outside today's coastal upwelling. As northern Benguelaupwelling cells were displaced westward and periodically precededthe core location during the past 245 kyr (Volbers et al.,submitted), GeoB 1710-3 sediments reflect these changes inupwelling productivity. Results of the most commonly used calciumcarbonate dissolution proxies do not only monitor dissolution withinthese calcareous sediments but also reflect changes in upwellingintensity. Accordingly, these conventional proxy parametersmisrepresent, to some extent, the extent of calcium carbonatedissolution. These results were verified by an independentdissolution proxy, the Globigerina bulloides dissolution index (BDX')(Volbers and Henrich, submitted). The BDX' is based on scanningelectronic microscope ultrastructural investigation of planktonicforaminiferal tests and indicates persistent good carbonatepreservation throughout the past 245 kyr, with the exception of onepronounced dissolution event at early oxygen isotopic stage (OIS) 6.The early OIS 6 is characterized by calcium carbonate contents,sand contents, and planktonic foraminiferal concentrations all attheir lowest levels for the last 245 kyr. At the same time, the ratioof radiolarian to planktonic foraminiferal abundances and the ratioof benthic to planktonic foraminiferal tests are strongly increased,as are the rain ratio, the fragmentation index, and the BDX'. Thesedimentary calcite lysocline rose above the core position and GeoB1710-3 sediments were heavily altered, as attested to by theunusual accumulation of pellets, aggregates, sponge spicules,radiolaria, benthic foraminifera, and planktonic foraminiferalassemblages. Solely the early OIS 6 dissolution event altered thecoarse fraction intensely, and is therefore reflected by allconventional calcium carbonate preservation proxies and the BDX'.We attribute the more than 1000 m rise of the sedimentary calcitelysocline to the combination of two processes: (a) a prominentchange in the deep-water mass distribution within the South Atlanticand (b) intense degradation of organic material within the sediment(preserved as maximum total organic carbon content) creatingmicroenvironments favorable for calcium carbonate dissolution.

WARD, P. D., HAGGART, J. W., CARTER, E. S., et al. 2001.Sudden productivity collapse associated with the Triassic-Jurassic boundary mass extinction. Science 292 (5519),1148-1151.The end-Triassic mass extinction is one of the five mostcatastrophic in Phanerozoic Earth history. Here we report carbonisotope evidence of a pronounced productivity collapse at theboundary, coincident with a sudden extinction among marineplankton, from stratigraphic sections on the Queen CharlotteIslands, British Columbia, Canada. This signal is similar to (thoughsmaller than) the carbon isotope excursions associated with thePermian-Triassic and Cretaceous-Tertiary events.

W EBER, M. E., FENNER, J., THIES, A. & CEPEK, P. 2001.Biological response to Milankovitch forcing during theLate Albian (Kirchrode I borehole, northwestern Germany).Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 1 7 4(1-3), 269-286.We studied the biological response to orbital forcing in marineUpper Albian sediments recovered from the 245 m-long Kirchrode Iborehole in the Lower Saxony basin in northwestern Germany.Results from quantitative analysis of planktonic and benthicforaminifera, of calcareous nannofossils, and radiolaria were usedfor this study. Spectral analysis in the depth domain indicates forthe high sedimentation rate part of the Upper Albian dominantperiods with wavelengths of 10-13 m, 5-6 m, and 2-3 m, which weinterpret to represent the biological response to orbital forcing inthe Milankovitch frequency bands eccentricity, obliquity, andprecession, respectively. In addition, a low amplitude 40-50 m cyclewas found, which would represent the long-term eccentricityvariation of roughly 400 ka. Microfossil cyclicity does not changesignificantly within the whole core indicating sedimentation rates of11-12 cm/ka on an average, with variations between 3.5 and 13ka). Microfossils show greater variability in their abundancechanges than the physical and chemical parameters and alsogreater power in the higher-frequency bands (obliquity andprecession). While most of the planktonic foraminifer speciesstudied are dominated by variations in the obliquity, most benthicforaminifer species show an additional strong influence ofprecession. These differences in the cyclicity of the abundance


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changes are interpreted as reflecting a stronger influence of lowlatitude water in the deep waters of the Late Albian Lower Saxonybasin than in the shallow waters. This basin was part of a wide,'Boreal' epicontinental sea, which was connected to the Tethys tothe south via the Polish strait and via the Paris basin, and which wasconnected with the North Atlantic and Arctic to the north. In analogyto results from analysis of data from the Late Neogene, strongeffects of precession interpreted as being more characteristic forchanges/influences triggered in the low latitudes and those ofobliquity to be more characteristic for influences from the highlatitudes. The presence of a relatively strong eccentricity cycle, notonly in the compound parameters, but also in the abundancechanges of single species during the Late Albian means that theremust have been a non-linear response to orbital forcing and internalfeedbacks.

Weinheimer, A. L. & Ocean Drilling Program, L.,Shipboard Scientific Party, College Station, Tx, UnitedStates,. 2002. Radiolarians from northern Cape Basin, Site1082. In: (Berger Wolfgang, H., Wefer, G., et al. eds).Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, scientificresults, Benguela Current; covering Leg 175 of the cruisesof the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Las Palmas,Canary Islands, to Cape Town, South Africa; sites 1075-1087; 9 August-8 October 1997. Texas A&M University,Ocean Drilling Program. College Station, TX, United StatesA primary objective of Leg 175 was to investigate the upwellinghistory of the Benguela Current. Site 1082 (21° 5.6373'S, 11°49.2361'E) lies at the landward end of a transect extending fromthe coast across the Benguela Current. Located adjacent to theWalvis Bay in 1280 m water depth, Site 1082 recovered sedimentsare expected to reveal variability in upwelling dating as far back asthe late Pliocene. Off the coast of Walvis Bay, the Benguela Currenttransports subpolar transition waters northward to the WalvisRidge. A front forms there between the Benguela Current andtropical waters in the southward-flowing Angola Current (Salat etal., 1992). This front moves in response to seasonal-interannualchanges in the wind field (Shannon, 1985; Shannon et al., 1986,1987; Meeuwis and Lutjeharms, 1990). Upwelling along the coastis found over the shelf in several well-established cells, as well asalong the shelf-slope break, and extends over the 1000-m isobath.Streaming filaments along the coast also carry upwelled water offshore (Shannon, 1985). The upwelled nutrient-rich waters aresourced from the South Atlantic central water mass, which is amixture of subtropical and subantarctic water masses. Below thecentral water mass lies Antarctic intermediate water (Shannon andHunter, 1988; Stramma and Peterson, 1989).A primary objective ofLeg 175 was to investigate the upwelling history of the BenguelaCurrent. Site 1082 (21° 5.6373'S, 11° 49.2361'E) lies at thelandward end of a transect extending from the coast across theBenguela Current. Located adjacent to the Walvis Bay in 1280 mwater depth, Site 1082 recovered sediments are expected to revealvariability in upwelling dating as far back as the late Pliocene. Offthe coast of Walvis Bay, the Benguela Current transports subpolartransition waters northward to the Walvis Ridge. A front forms therebetween the Benguela Current and tropical waters in the southward-flowing Angola Current (Salat et al., 1992). This front moves inresponse to seasonal-interannual changes in the wind field(Shannon, 1985; Shannon et al., 1986, 1987; Meeuwis andLutjeharms, 1990). Upwelling along the coast is found over theshelf in several well-established cells, as well as along the shelf-slope break, and extends over the 1000-m isobath. Streamingfilaments along the coast also carry upwelled water off shore(Shannon, 1985). The upwelled nutrient-rich waters are sourcedfrom the South Atlantic central water mass, which is a mixture ofsubtropical and subantarctic water masses. Below the central watermass lies Antarctic intermediate water (Shannon and Hunter, 1988;Stramma and Peterson, 1989).

WHALEN, P. A. & CARTER, E. S. 2002. Pliensbachian (LowerJurassic) radiolaria from Baja California Sur, Mexico.Micropaleontology 48 (2), 97-151.Lower Jurassic Radiolaria have been recovered from limestone bedsand concretions in the sandstone member of the San HipolitoFormation near Punta San Hipolito, Baja California Sur, Mexico. TheSan Hipolito Formation and underlying Upper Triassic ophiolite formpart of the Vizcaino Sur terrane. The faunas are well-preserved,abundant, and diverse. Assemblages are dominated byspumellarians, but small cyrtid nassellarians are strongly variedalso; multicyrtid nassellarians comprise a lesser component of the

fauna. The Baja faunas are dated mainly by comparison toradiolarians from the Queen Charlotte Islands that co-occur withammonites of Pliensbachian age. New ammonite zones for NorthAmerica established by Smith and Tipper (1996) provide preciseage control for equivalent radiolarian faunas that has not beenpossible in the past. Baja radiolarians are also compared with faunasfrom east-central Oregon, Turkey, and Japan. The strong similaritybetween Baja California radiolarians and Tethyan faunas fromTurkey supports existing paleomagnetic evidence that the Vizcainoterrane may have occupied a low-latitude position in Early Jurassictime. Two radiolarian genera (Ducatus and Religa) and twenty-twospecies are described as new; many other forms are discussedinformally. Thirty-six previously described taxa are alsodocumented.

W O N , M. Z., BLODGETT, R. B., CLAUTICE, K. H. &NEWBERRY, R. J. 1999. Late Devonian (Late Famennian)radiolarians from the Chulitna terrane, south-centralAlaska. Short Notes on Alaskan Geology 1999, 145-152.

WON, M. Z. & IAMS, W. J. 2002. Late Cambrian radiolarianfaunas and biostratigraphy of the Cow Head Group,Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 76 (1), 1-33.Well-preserved Late Cambrian radiolarian faunas were recoveredfrom carbonate rocks of the Cow Head Group of the Great NorthernPeninsula of the island of Newfoundland, Canada. Several differentfaunal assemblages were recognized from three strata at GreenPoint, one from a stratum at martin Point, and three from strata atBroom Point South in Gros Morne National Park. The faunas containnine genera, five of which are new, and 33 species, all but two ofwhich are new. The five new genera are Curvechidnina,Grosmorneus, Pararcheoentactinia, R amusp i c u l um , andSubechidnina. Most of the genera belong to the familiesArcheoentactinidae, Echidninidae, Palaeospiculumidae, andProtoentactiniidae; a few taxa have an uncertain taxonomic position.Echidnina, whose taxonomic identity was uncertain, is shown to be aradiolarian. The diversity of each of these faunas is similar, but thedifference in faunal compositions among the faunas examined isdistinct. From this analysis, the Late Cambrian strata betweenMartin Point and Green Point can be more precisely correlated, andthe previous correlation has been revised. With the recovery of theconodonts in this study, the provisionally placed boundary betweenthe Franconian and Trempealeauan at martin Point by earlierresearchers is revised and positioned between unit 30 and unit 31.The biostratigraphic range of the co-occurring conodonts indicatesthat the youngest fauna described in this paper belongs to theEoconodontus notchpeakensis Zone of late Trempealeauan age andthat the other faunas (from martin Point and Green Point) are ofFranconian age.

YAMASHITA, H., TAKAHASHI, K. & FUJITANI, N. 2002. Zonaland vertical distribution of radiolarians in the western andcentral Equatorial Pacific in January 1999. Deep-SeaResearch Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography 4 9 (13-14), 2823-2862.The zonal and vertical distribution of radiolarians was studied todocument their relationship with their environment in the EquatorialPacific in January 1999. Vertical plankton tows using a closing-typenet with 63 µm mesh were made between the sea surface and 1000m depth on board R/V Mirai at five stations located between 140°Eand 170°W, i.e. in the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) Region inthe west and the Upwelling Region located in the east. The conditionduring the time of sampling was more or less La Nina, characterizedby a zonal extension of the upwelling region at 160°E. Our surveyyielded 261 radiolarian taxa including 114 Nassellaria, 120Spumellaria and 27 Phaeodaria. Total radiolarian standing stocksincreased from west to east, responding to the general increase innutrients, chlorophyll-a, and diatom numbers. Three majorradiolarian depth communities were identified: surface dwellers (0-120m), subsurface dwellers (120-200m), and intermediate-waterdwellers (200-1000m). When the vertical profiles were examinedlongitudinally, their abundance preference was characterized asfollows: four taxa preferred the high-abundance water masses ofthe Upwelling Region: Lithomelissa setosa, Pseudocubus obeliscus,Stylodictya multispina, and Stylodictya validispina. On the otherhand, Collosphaera tuberosa was most abundant in the WPWP.

YAMATO OMINE RESEARCH GROUP. 2002. Mesozoic andPaleozoic Systems in the central area of the Kii Mountains,


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Southwest Japan (Part VII) Mesozoic of the Shionoha areain Nara Prefecture. Earth Science (Chikyu Kagaku) 56, 11-26.

YAO, A., EZAKI, Y., KUWAHARA, K., et al. 2001. TheDevonian-Triassic of South China: Natures of the end-Permian mass extinction and origins of the JapaneseIslands. In: (MATSUOKA, A. eds). Paleoceanography of thePanthalassa-Tethys Invitation to Global Field ScienceTopics in Paleontology 2 . 45-52. Paleontological Societyof Japan.

Y A O, J., YA O, A. & KI Y O K O, K. 2001. Upper Permianbiostratigraphic correlation between conodont andradiolarian zones in the Tamba-Mino Terrane, SouthwestJapan. Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University 44,97-119.Some important Permian conodonts were found in the bedded chertsof the Gujo-hachiman and the Ryozen sections in the Tamba-MinoTerrane, Southwest Japan. On the basis of the biohorizons ofcharacteristic conodont and radiolarian species, six conodontinterval zones are recognized in the Upper Permian, where fourradiolarian assemblage zones are settled. The conodont intervalzones include the Clarkina liangshanensis Interval Zone, theClarkina orientalis Interval Zone, the Clarkina subcarinata IntervalZone, the Clarkina parasubcarinata Interval Zone, the Clarkinapostwangi Interval Zone and the Clarkina meishanensis zhangiInterval Zone, in ascending order. The radiolarian assemblage zonesare the Follicucullus scholasticus-Follicucullus ventricosusAssemblage Zone, the Follicucullus charveti-Albaillella yamakitaiAssemblage zone, the Neoalbaillella ornithoformis Assemblage Zoneand the Neoalbaillella optima Assemblage Zone, in ascending order.Both conodont and radiolarian biostratigraphic data have beencorrelated with each other, and the Upper Permian biostratigraphiczonations have been examined in relation to those in South China.Changes of conodont and radiolarian faunas are discussed. A newspecies of Clarkina is described from the Upper Permian cherts.

ZAKHAROV, V. A., SHURYGIN, B. N., KURUSHIN, N. I., et al.2002. A Mesozoic ocean in the Arctic: Paleontologicalevidence. Geologiya I Geofizika 43 (2), 155-181.The fauna of Mesozoic epicontinental seas that existed on theterritory of the present-day Arctic margin of Eurasia, NorthAmerica, and islands in the Arctic Ocean is dominated bystenohaline mollusks (ammonoids, coleoids, bivalves, gastropods,brachiopods, foraminifers, ostracodes, radiolarians, etc.). Themarine biota consists of cosmopolitan taxa of the boreal Pacific andboreal Atlantic origin, Tethyan immigrants, and endemics, includinghundreds of endemic species, tens of endemic genera, and sixendemic families. Numerous lines of invertebrates in the Arcticbasin evolved sustainably for tens of millions of years. The hightaxonomic diversity of the specific marine biota and the ways of itspanboreal migration could have been maintained by an oceanic basinoccupying the territory of the present-day Arctic throughout theMesozoic, as a great volume of oceanic water was necessary toprovide stable salinity and temperature in the surroundingepicontinental basins through 180 Ma. Long and sustainabledevelopment of the specific Mesozoic marine biota was provided bythe South Anyui ocean in the Triassic and Jurassic and by theAmerasian ocean in the Cretaceous. This evidence substantiatesthe hypothesis of the presence of oceans in the Arctic throughoutthe Mesozoic which was suggested proceeding from geodynamicreconstructions.

ZAMORAS, L. R. & MATSUOKA, A. 2000. Early Late Jurassicradiolarians from the clastic unit in Busuanga Island, NorthPalawan, Philippines. Science Reports of NiigataUniversity Series E (Geology) 15, 91-109.

ZAMORAS, L. R. & MATSUOKA, A. 2001. Malampaya SoundGroup: a Jurassic-Early Cretaceous accretionary complex inBusuanga Island, North Palawan Block (Philippines).Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 107 (5), 316-336

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