Radar Team PPETRadar Team PPET-LIPI October 2012elektro.pnj.ac.id/upload/artikel/files/Radar...

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Radar Team PPET-LIPIRadar Team PPET LIPIOctober 2012

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What is Radar?Radar PrinciplesRadar AntennaDevelopment of National CapabilityRadar RoadmapR h A ti iti t LIPIResearch Activities at LIPIChoosing the research topicInnovation and IPRInnovation and IPRISRA Radar

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Radar functions as ‘eyes’d d d d (dRadar: Radio detection and ranging (detection

and ranging via radio wave). Radar can see objects in the far distants in allRadar can see objects in the far distants in all types of weather conditions.


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Radar has been used in many aspects of life including the sea and air transportationincluding the sea and air transportation, weather surveillance, mapping, remote sensing, sea and air surveillance, detection f ill l ti iti d d fof illegal activities, and defense

Based on its location and functions, Radar can be installed at the coastal areas, at the ,airports, on the ships, aircrafts, on vehicle, on the combat tanks, and at the secret places. p


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Example of Radar: weather Radar (left), ship navigation Radar (right)

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The transmitter sends radio waves which then reflected by the targets and received by thereflected by the targets and received by the receiverThe level of the reflected waves is usually low and th t b lifi d Th th R dthus must be amplified. Then, the Radar can detects the objects at a certain distant/range.


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target range, R = cΔt / 2


LIPILIPIRadar can be thought of as a pair of one-way communication links, with the return li k b i h d fl ilink being the radar reflection.Consider the radar problem, where in general the transmitter and receiver are cogeneral the transmitter and receiver are co-located and the receive signal is a reflection.reflection.The expression for power density at a distance d is, ,

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• A typical radar system consists of a co-located pulsed transmitter and a receiver, usually sharing an antenna.• A pulse is transmitted and then the receiver listens for the preturn, similar to sonar• The strength of the return signal depends upon the distance to the target and its (electrical) sizedistance to the target and its (electrical) size• The radar determines the distance to the target from the time delay before receiving the reflected pulse

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The transmitted signals are transformed into electromagnetic waves by the antenna These waves willelectromagnetic waves by the antenna. These waves will be reflected by the targets to the Radar receiver.This reflected energy is called ‘echo’ as it is also know for the voice transmission.The Radar uses the echoes to define direction and distance of the objects.jThe common frequency range for the Radar: 2-10 GHz.


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Examples of Radar Display


Examples of Radar Display

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Contoh: Radar ISRA LIPI dan Display-nya


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The advantages of Radar: Abl t d t t bj t t f di t tAble to detects objects at a far distant;Able to measure ranges fast and accurately;Able to work in all weather conditions, inAble to work in all weather conditions, in the darkness with influence of fogs, mists, etc;Able to measure relativ speed of theAble to measure relativ speed of the targets.


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The dis-advantages of Radar:Resolution is limited (depend on the system);

f fRaw video from the reflected signal does not indicate the target’s azimuth/angleH d t diff ti t t t hi hHard to differentiate targets which are very close to each otherThere are problem with ambiguity and falseThere are problem with ambiguity and false alarm


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No Pulse Radar Continuous Wave RadarNo

1 Single antenna Dual antenna

2 Give info on range and azimuth Give info on azimuth and range2 Give info on range and azimuth sudut

Give info on azimuth and range

3 Easy to be ’jammed’ Hard to be ’jammed’ but easy to be t i k dtricked

4 Not immune against the noise, require high power to obtain high SNR

Immune against the noise (high signal to noise ratio/SNR)

SNR

5 Ranges are determined by the power and pulse repetition f (PRF)

Prosessing can be adjusted to locate the required frequency to get the


frequency (PRF) ranges.

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A basic principle of radar is that it directs(i th f f EM ) t itenergy (in the form of an EM wave) at its

intended target(s).Recall that the directivity of an antenna isRecall that the directivity of an antenna is measured as a function of its gain.Therefore antenna types most useful for

d li ti i l d b li dradar applications include parabolic and arrayantenna.


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Early airborne radars typically consisted of parabolic reflectors with horn feeds.

The dish effectively directs◦ The dish effectively directs the transmitted energy towards a target while at the same time “gathering and concentrating” some fraction of the returned

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fraction of the returned energy.

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Recent radars more likely employ a planar array◦ It is electronically

steerable as a transmit orsteerable as a transmit or receive antenna using phase shifters.◦ It has the further

advantage of being capable of being

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capable of being integrated with the skin of the aircraft (“smart skin”). 6 Desember 2012Presentasi Poltek Jakarta 22

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The main lobe of the radar antenna beam is central to the performance of the system.◦ The side lobes are not only wasteful, they

provide electronic warfare vulnerabilitiesprovide electronic warfare vulnerabilities.

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• Science and Tecnology (S&T) are not mastered comprehensivelycomprehensively.

• The Radar’s researchers are still exploiting the old Radar technologies.It is necessary to educate students at the master• It is necessary to educate students at the master and PhD degrees and also via workshop/training.

• Some key technologies such as ICs, substrate supporting the Radar development are notsupporting the Radar development are not mastered so that some components are still import.

• There are no synergy for the research done at the• There are no synergy for the research done at the private companies and at the Governmental Institutions.


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• The Research funding is very limited. Ideally the cost for research is about 10X of the• Ideally the cost for research is about 10X of the product price.

• The research facilities should be equipped and state of the artstate of the art.

• There are a limited number of experienced researchers in Radar (< 10 people) at the PPET-LIPI RCS Solusi 247 ITB UI BUMNIS PrivateLIPI, RCS-Solusi 247, ITB, UI, BUMNIS, Private companies, TNI and other Gov. Institution

• The number of researchers involve and master the signal and image processing are very limitedthe signal and image processing are very limited because this discipline is not common and difficult.


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• Problems with the interconnections for different product brands as they have their own data format (proprietary). There is no standardization for Radar yetstandardization for Radar yet.

• High dependency for the spare part and maintenance from foreign companiesmaintenance from foreign companies.

• If the Radar is old (>10 years), this Radar is no longer supported by manufacturers.g pp y

• No data secrecy


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Radar can be turn off remotely by the manufacturer (IEEE spectrum 2008) sabotage during war.High operational and maintenance cost as still using Pulse technology (orde kWatt – Mega Watt) ~ 550Pulse technology (orde kWatt Mega Watt) 550 Billion Rupiah per-yearIntroduce interference to other Radar as still using P l h lPulse technology


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Two types of roadmap:◦ Roadmap on the system level focusing on the

integration.◦ Roadmap on the component level focusing on theRoadmap on the component level focusing on the

technology.


LIPILIPINo Kegiatan 2006‐

20082010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2025

1. Ground Penetrating Radar Sdh dilaksanakanPengguna: perusahaan konstruksi, pertambangan, PLN, Telkom dll.

2. 2-D coastal/naval X-band FM-CW Radar Sdh dilaksanakanPengguna: TNI-AL, Bakorkamla, DKP, Kemhub.

3. Life Detecting Radar (utk kebencanaan)Pengguna: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana Tim Search and Rescue (SAR) dllPengguna: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Tim Search and Rescue (SAR), dll.

4. 2-D coastal/naval L/S-band FM-CW RadarPengguna: TNI-AL, Bakorkamla, DKP, Kemhub.

5. 2-D coastal/naval X-band Pulse RadarPengguna: TNI-AL, Bakorkamla, DKP, Kemhub.

6. 2-D coastal/naval L/S-band Pulse RadarPengguna: TNI-AL, Bakorkamla, DKP, Kemhub.

7. FM-CW/Pulse Air Surveillance Radar Kegiatan tahap I, IIPengguna: TNI-AU, Angkasa Pura dll.

8. 3-D Radar / Target Tracking Radar Tahap II, IIIg g pPengguna: TNI

9. Synthetic Aperture RadarPengguna: TNI, LAPAN, Bakosurtanal, pihak pengguna remote sensing dan pengintaian.

10 FM-CW/Pulse S/L/X-band Weather RadarPengguna: BMKG airport dll

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Pengguna: BMKG, airport, dll.11. Advanced Phased Array Radar Sebagian dikerjakan pada kegiatan Tahap III

Pengguna: TNI.12. Radar jenis/tipe/generasi baru

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Inter-relationship among Institutions and disciplinesThe required disciplines:The required disciplines:

AntennaElectronicsSoftware (Display, digital signal processing (DSP), image p y g g p g gand signal processing, and data communications)Mechanics and ControlElectrical engineeringTelecommunications engineeringTelecommunications engineeringElectromagnetic propagation

Institutions: KMNRT, LIPI, BPPT, LAPAN, ITB, ITS, UGM, UI, TNI, etc. Companies/Industries: PT. DI, PT. Solusi 247-RCS, PT. LEN, PT. INTI


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The Available Resources:R&D d M t f iliti t PPET LIPIR&D and Measurement facilities at PPET-LIPIEMC chambers at UI, P2KIM-LIPI, P2SMTP-LIPISoftware development facilities at RCS, P2I-LIPIAntenna design and RF facilities at PPET, ITB, UITesting facilities: TNI and other civilian authoritiesExperts in the field of Radar at PPET-LIPI, RCS-Experts in the field of Radar at PPET LIPI, RCSSolusi 247, ITB, UI, National Industries, TNI and other Institution.Mechanical Workshops.pGovernment owned state enterprises (BUMNIS): PT. LEN, PT. PINDAD, PT. INTI, etc.


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LIPIInnovation Model AggressivelyCh i LIPI3-5 yearsAcquisition

Aggressively pursue market-driven innovation

Choosing the Research Topic (1)

Take to market Techno

-logy

Market-driven innovation

Market identified

innovation to capture short-to-medium term

Indonesia’s strategic market positioningand niches

Risk capital

C i

term opportunities for value creation

and niches

Take to market

Science

(basic research)Technology

Techno-logy-driven inno-

Market to be identified

Continue to actively support and facilitate

h l( )inno

vationidentified technology-

driven innovation for

di

ISRA 373-5 years10-15 years

Risk capitalResearch grants Technology grants medium-to-long term benefits

Presentasi Poltek Jakarta 6 Desember 2012

LIPIRevenue Technology acquisition

MOSTILIPI

Market Apple’stion

Value

growth and market cap

qChoosing the Research Topic (2) Market

Driven Innovation

Apple sStrength (design, brand)Ap

plic

at Value added

products and

services

Topic (2)

services

M k tLeverage key tech in

9 months (from idea conception to market)Focus on design

built on 3rd party platform from Market

opportunitykey tech. in disk drive, display, codec,

platform from Portalplayer

• Identified new business model of offering end-to-end digital music solution (hardware and content) riding on popularity of portable digital devices (e.g., MP3 player) and music file-sharing (e.g., Napster)

battery

ISRA 38Source: Electronics Design Chain Magazine, Leander Kahney’s “Inside Look at Birth of the IPod”, Apple annual report 2007

p p y p g ( g , p y ) g ( g , p )• Leverage technologies from external sources on all key components (e.g., disk drive, display, codec)• Focus on design and marketing as well as securing partners on content and distribution channels• Tremendous success with over 110 million unit sold since 2001; revenues of $10.8 billion for 2007

Presentasi Poltek Jakarta 6 Desember 2012

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Basis of business cooperation licensee and royaltyIPR documents: patents and copy rightsLi ALicensee AgreementLegal documents Guaranteeing reward for the inventorGuaranteeing reward for the inventor


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Selat Sunda

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Jaringan Radar Pengawas Pantai di Selat Sunda

6 Desember 201245

Presentasi Poltek Jakarta

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Radar DisplayPresentasi Poltek Jakarta 6 Desember 2012

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Radar Team PPETRadar Team PPET-LIPI October 2012elektro.pnj.ac.id/upload/artikel/files/Radar...

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