Races & Traits Identified from GEM and ideas for future utilization M. Blanco, C. Gardner, W....

Races & Traits Identified from GEM and ideas for

future utilization

M. Blanco, C. Gardner, W. Salhuana, M. Shen

USDA-ARS NCRPIS GEM- August 17, 2006 -

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Objectives

Review GEM germplasm for target traits, and development

Ames & Raleigh (released lines)

Private and Public Coop germplasm information

Document status of tested/untested accessions

Discuss ideas for future utilization of GEM germplasm

Prioritization of GEM accessions and breeding crosses

Other applications, info needed, etc.

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GEM Trait Targets

Agronomic adaptability - yield, lodging, grain moisture, and Y/M

Abiotic stress tolerance: drought and heat

Ear mold and mycotoxin resistance: aflatoxin and fumonisin

Disease resistance: stalk and leaf diseases

Insect resistance (CRW, CEW, ECB)

Value-added traits (VAT’s)Grain (protein>13%, oil>6%, and starch>75%)

Protein quality

Starch functional properties and Bio-energy traits

Silage yield & quality

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Summary of GEM trials (year 1998 – 2005)

No. of accessions used 66

No. of hybrids used 7

No. of lines used 13

No. of Populations used 3

No. of races 21

No. of breeding crosses tested 220

No. of breeding crosses untested 260

No. of release lines 1117

No. of new breeding crosses 63

% GEM entries above check means 5.9%

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GEM Accessions by Races and Countries

Country # Races # Accessions

Antigua, BR. Virg., Cuba 1 5

Argentina 3 10

Bolivia, Peru 1 4

Br Virg., Guatemala 1 2

Brasil 2 7

Brasil, Mexico 1 3

Chile 2 3

Cuba 1 2

Dominica. Rep. 1 1

Mexico 1 2

Peru 1 1

St. Croix 1 1

Uruguay 3 10

US 2 7

Total (14 Countries) 21 58

Barbados, Cuba, Guadalupe, Pro. Rico, St. Croix, Venezuela Mixed 8

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GERMPLASM RELEASES (2001-2006)

135 Released Lines from Ames, Raleigh*, and SCA’s**

Data from 1999-2005

Emphasis on 2-3 year data, across 2-3 testers

Focus on target traits

* A few additional lines were distributed by Raleigh directly

** SCA releases from DE, TX, OH, and WI

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GEM germplasm releases

Yr Planted # Lines Institution Germplasm Attributes

2001 1 USDA-ARS Ames Resistance to 1st brood ECB (non-DIMBOA)

2002 2* Univ. of Delaware Yield, resist. to anthracnose and GLS

2002 30** NC State Univ. Yield, earlier flowering, GLS, Fusarium

2002 1* Ohio State Univ. Yield, fusarium resist.

2003 28 USDA-ARS Ames Temperate adaptation, GLS, VAT

2003 9* NC State Univ. Yield, VAT, GLS

2004 16 USDA-ARS Ames Temperate adaptation, yield, VAT

2004 2 Texas A&M Stress tolerance, yield, CEW, grain mold resist.

2004 1 Univ. of Wisconsin Superior nutritional quality/yield

2004 19 NC State Univ. Yield, earlier flowering, VAT

2005 9 USDA-ARS Ames Temperate adaptation, yield, VAT

2005 1 Univ. of Delaware High protein

2006 13 USDA-ARS Ames Yield, VAT

2006 3 NC State Univ. Yield, earlier flowering

Total 135

* Crop Science registered. ** 20 of these 30 lines were Crop Science registered.

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ze GEM releases by country & race (temperate accessions)

Country Race IA NC Other Total

Argentina Cristalino Colorado 4 1 (WI) 5

Argentina Dentado Blanco 4 4

Argentina Dent. Blanco Rugoso 2 (TX) 2

Chile Camelia 4 4

Uruguay Cateto Sulino 2 2

Uruguay Dente Branco 3 3

UruguaySemidentado Riograndense 2 2

USA "FS8 group" 8 1 (OH) 9

Totals 27 0 4 31

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ze GEM releases by country & race (tropical accessions)Country Race IA NC Other Total

Barbados Tusón 1 1

Brazil Hybrid-tropical 5 18 3 (DE) 26

Brazil Cateto 9 9

Brazil Dente Amarelo 4 1 5

Cuba Criollo (mixed) 5 5

Cuba Argentino 1 1

Dom. Rep. mixed 1 1

Guatemala Tusón 1 1

Mexico Hybrid-tropical 3 1 4

Mexico Tuxpeño 2 6 8

Mexico Tuxpeño/Olotillo 1 1

Peru Alazan 1 1

Peru Cuban yellow 3 3

St. Croix Tusón 1 1

Thailand Hybrid/inbred-tropical 4 33 37

Totals 32 69 3 104

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ze Accessions with greater than 5% entries above check means (Yr: 1999-2005, Midwest)

Access Country Race # beat all cks in 1 expt # releases

BR51403 Brazil Cateto 0 0

BR51675 Brazil Dente Amarelo 2 2

BR51721 Brazil Dente Amarelo 1 0

CASH US Corn belt dent 0 0

CHIS740 Mexico Tuxpeño/Olotillo 1 1

CHIS775 Mexico Tuxpeño 1 2

CUBA117 Cuba Argentino 0 1

CUBA164 Cuba Mixed Creole 7 5

DK888 Thailand Hybrid-tropical 0 0

DKB844 Mexico Hybrid-tropical 3 3

DKXL370 Brazil Hybrid-tropical 8 4

GUAT209 Guat. Tusón 1 1

MDI022 Peru Cuban yellow 3 2

NEI9004 Thailand Inbred-tropical 0 3

NEI9008 Thailand Inbred-tropical 3 0

UR05017 Uruguay Semidentado Riograndense 1 2

UR10001 Uruguay Dente Branco 1 1

UR11003 Uruguay Dente Branco 0 2

32 29

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ze Accessions with <5% entries tested above check means (Yr: 1999-2005, Midwest)

Country Race # releases

Antigua Criollo 0

Argentina Cristalino Colorado 4

Argentina Dentado Blanco 4

Argentina Dent. Blanco Rugoso 0

Barbados Tusón 1

Brazil Dente Amarelo 2

Brazil Hybrid-tropical 0

Brazil Unclassified 0

British Virgin Islands Tusón 0

Chile Camelia 4

Domin Rep Mixed 1

Mexico Hybrid-tropical 1

Peru Cuban Yellow 1

Thailand Hybrid-tropical 1

Uruguay Cateto Sulino 1

Uruguay Dente Branco 0

US Mixed 8

US Southern Dent 0

28

Low Aflatoxin GEM Lines 2003 - 2004

Resistant

Susceptible

Aflatoxin (ng g-1)

Pedigree 2003 2004

Mp313E 9 13

Mp715 . 42

2250-01_XL370A_S11_F2S4 (GEMS-0027) 24 163

2283-01_XL380_S11_F2S4 (GEMS-0032) 24 217

2258-03_XL380_S11_F2S4 (GEMS-0030) 48 239

2250-02_XL370A_S11_F2S4 (GEMS-0028) 25 392

Tuxpan 20 442

NC300 80 530

NC258 672 1774

Grand mean 556 1309

Minimum 9 13

Maximum 2147 2400

Resistant

ResistantMod Resistant

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M. Clements, USDA-ARS, MS (2005)

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ze Breeding crosses with low aflatoxin content

Resistant

Resistant

Mod Resist

Pedigree Aflatoxin (ng g-1) - 2 yr avg

CUBA164:D27 70

Mo18WxMp313E 83

BVIR103:S0411a 112

DKB830:S11a18 124

BR51675:N0620 136

MP715xMp717 146

BR51403:N16 159

ANTIG01:N16 178

MP716xMp717 359

Mp305xMp714 446

Mp339xSC212M 464

LSR / LSDα=0.05 5

Grand mean 472

Minimum 70

Maximum 1544

Susceptible

Susceptible

M. Clements, USDA-ARS, MS (2005)

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ze Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin content

2005 2004 2005

Pedigree Race% ear

rotFumonisin

(ppm)% ear

rotFumonisin

(ppm)visual

CA

GEMS-0002 Mixed 1.6 2.1 NT NT 8

GEMS-0003Dente

Amarelo 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.9 7

GEMS-0061Cristalino Colorado 2.6 1.8 NT NT 8

GE440 (Resis.) 1.9 1.1 1.1 2.6 NT

NC300 (Resis.) 3.5 3 4 7.6 9

Mean (50 entries) 6.3 11 16.4 29.5

Jim Holland, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC (2003 - 5) & Bill Dolezal, Pioneer Hi-Bred Int’l, Woodland, CA (2005)

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ze Fusarium/Fumonisin Resistant Pedigrees

RaceCountryGEMS-0002: FS8A(S):S09-43-2 Mixed USA

GEMS-0003: 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4 Dente Amarelo Brazil

GEMS-0061: AR16026:S17-10-1-B-B Cristalino Colorado ArgentinaSE32 = BR52060

Fusarium Ear Rot

Susceptible Line Resistant LineGEMS-0002 Public ReleaseMDI022:N2120-399-001-B

Bill Dolezal, Pioneer Hi-Bred Int’l, Woodland, CA (2005)

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ze Gray leafspot resistant GEM germplasm

Germplasm line Derivation Country/Race

GEMS-0003 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4 Brazil/Dente Amarelo

GEMS-0016 2132-03_DK888_S11_F2S4 Thailand/Hybrid tropical

GEMS-0019 2146-01_DK888_S11_F2S4 Thailand/Hybrid tropical

GEMS-0024 2201-01_DKB830_S11_F2S4 Mexico/Hybrid tropical

GEMS-0028 2250-02_DKXL370A_S11_F2S4 Brazil/Hybrid tropical

GEMS-0030 2258-03_DKXL380_S11_F2S4 Brazil/Hybrid tropical

GEMS-0033 PE001n16F2S2-44 Brazil/Cateto



DE 4 DKXL212:N11a Brazil/Hybrid tropical

SE32 = BR52060 and PE001 = BR51403

Balint-Kurti, et al., (2006), Carson, et al., (2006), and Hawk et al. (2005)

Protein Quality Index (Met + Lys + Trp) – 3 Year

Pedigree Protein quality index Significant level

P. Scott & M. Blanco, USDA-ARS, Ames (2005)

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GEMS-0010GEMS-0017

Normal Check

Normal Check

Normal Check

GEMS-0029

GEMS-0004

GEMS-0031GEMS-0026GEMS-0030

Met CheckLys+Trp Check

AA Concentration

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ze Amylose and resistant starch content derived from GUAT209:S13

Sample Pedigree Resist Starch

%Amylose

1 GUAT209:S13ae 4-4-2-1-1 43.2 69.8

2 GUAT209:S13ae 4-4-2-1-2 39.4 72.0

3 H99ae 19.1 63.1

4 OH43ae 14.0 57.8

5 B89ae 14.9 56.7

6 B84ae 11.5 58.9

mean 23.6 63.0

s.e. 0.72 2.5

J.L. Jane, ISU & M. Campbell, Truman State U., (2005)

Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Cuba

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Breeding cross Race Traits of selected lines

CUBA117:S15 Argentino Drought; aflatoxin;

CUBA117:S1520 Argentino Silage; CRW

CUBA164:D27 Mixed Creole Aflatoxin

CUBA164:S1511b Mixed Creole >15% protein

CUBA164:S2012 Mixed CreoleLeaf disease, drought, yield; silage; >15% protein

CUBA164:S1517 Mixed Creole Silage

CUBA164:S15 Mixed Creole Starch prop

CUBA164:S2008a Mixed Creole Starch prop

Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Brazil

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BR51675:N0620 Dente Amarelo Y/M

BR52060:S0210 Dente Amarelo ~5% oil; Y/M

BR52051:N04 Dente Amarelo Drought; silage

PE001n16F2S2 Cateto GLS; yield South; starch prop

2011-01_SE32_S17 Dente Amarelo Fumonisin, GLS, NLB; 13% protein, 4.9% oil

DKXL212:N11a Hybrid-tropical >15% prot; AA index; GLS (DE3, DE4, DE6)

DKXL212:N11a01 Hybrid-tropical CRW

DKXL370A:N11a20 Hybrid-tripical Starch prop; Y/M

DKXL370AN11F2S3 Hybrid-tropical 13-14% protein

DKXL370A_S11_F2S4 Hybrid-tropical Aflatoxin; GLS

DKXL380_S11_F2S5 Hybrid-tropical Aflatoxin; GLS; AA index

DKXL380N11F2S3 Hybrid-tropical Yield south/adapt

Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Mexico

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CHIS 775 N19 F1S7 Tuxpeño Yield south/adapt

CHIS775:N1912 Tuxpeño CRW

CHIS775:S1911b Tuxpeño Starch prop; silage

CHIS740:S1411a Tuxpeño/Olotillo AA index

DKB830_S11_F2S4 Hybrid-tropical Yield south/adapt

DKB844:N11b Hybrid-tropical Yield south/adapt

DKB844:S1601 Hybrid-tropical Starch prop; 14% protein

Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Guatemala and Peru

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GUAT209:N1925 Tusón Yld adapt; AA index

GUAT209:S13 Tusón Amylose modifiers; resist starch

MDI022:N2120 Cuban Yellow AA index

PASCO14:S0105 Cuban Yellow Yld adapt

Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Barbados, Dom. Repub., and St. Croix

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BARBGP2:N08a18 Tusón Yld; NLB

DREP150:N2011d Mixed Yld/adapt

SCRO1:N1411a St. Croix Drought stress

SCROGP3:N1310 Tusón Silage

SCRGp3N14F2S3 Tusón Yld south/adapt

Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Thailand

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DK212T:N11a12 Hybrid-tropical Yld; Silage

DK212T_N11_F2S4 Hybrid-tropical Yld south/adapt

DK212T_S11_F2S4 Hybrid-tropical Yld south; Fusarium

DK888_N11_F2S4 Hybrid-tropical Yld south; Fusarium

DK888_S11_F2S4 Hybrid-tropical Yld south

NEI9004:S2818 Inbred-tropical >13% protein

Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines - Argentina

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AR03056:N09 Dentado Blanco MDR resistance; Y/M

AR01150:N0406Dente. Blanco Rugoso

Drought/stress (Tx204, Tx205); anthracnose

AR16026:S17 Cristalino Colorado Fusarium/fumonisin; oil; silage

AR16026:S1704 Cristalino Colorado Yield/adapt

AR16035:S02 Cristalino Colorado Starch prop; carotenoid

AR16035:S19 Cristalino Colorado Yield/adapt

AR17026:N1019 Cristalino Colorado Silage (W605S)

AR17056:N2025 Cristalino Colorado CRW; starch digest; protein

AR17056:N2035 Cristalino Colorado Yield/adapt

Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Chile and Uruguay

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CH04030:S0906 Camelia Anthracnose

CH05015:N1204 Camelia 14% protein, 4.7% oil; AA index

CH05015:N12 Camelia Yield adapt Y/M; drought

CH05015:N1502 Camelia Yield adapt Y/M

CH05015:N15 Camelia Yield adapt Y/M; silage; starch

UR01089:S0525 Cateto Sulino Yield adapt

UR13085:N0204 Cateto Sulino CRW

UR13085:N0215 Cateto Sulino Yield/adapt

UR10001:S1813 Dente Branco Yield/adapt

UR11003:S0302 Dente Branco Y/M

UR05017:S0415 Semident. Riograndense >13% protein

Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – USA

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FS8A(S):S09 Mixed Yld/adapt

FS8A(T):N1801 Mixed Fatty acid quality

FS8B(S):S0316 Mixed Yld/adapt

FS8B(T):N11a Mixed Y/M; Silage

FS8B(T):N1802 Mixed Anthracnose

GOQUEEN:N1603 Corn Belt Dent Anthracnose

LAMP Accessions not (yet) tested(but in the pipeline)

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Classification Country Populations RACE

Temperate US Golden Queen (Ohio) Corn Belt Dent

Tropical Guadelupe Guadelupe 5 Early Caribbean

Tropical Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Gp3 Mixed

Tropical Brazil BR105 Composite

Tropical Brazil BRA 051039 (BA 38) Dente Amarelo

Tropical Brit Virg Is Brit. Virg. Is. 103 Criollo

Tropical Cuba Cuba 110 Argentino

Tropical Cuba Cuba 173 Mixed

LAMP Accessions not (yet) in Pipeline

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Classification Country Populations RACE

Temperate Argentina ARZM 16042 Cristalino Colorado

Tropical Venezuela BG002 Unclassified

Tropical Venezuela BG070404 Unclassified

Tropical Bolivia BO80082 Cuban yellow

Tropical Brazil BR106 Composite

Tropical Mexico CHIS 462 Hybrido Blanco

Temperate Chile CHZM 05027 Camelia

Tropical Cuba Cuba 84 Criollo

Tropical Dom Repub Dom. Rep. 269 Canila

Summary

GEM is making progress in identifying target trait phenotypes from ~20 races that can be useful for breeding and genomic applications

Raleigh’s strength: developm’t for southern adapt, leaf disease and aflatox./fumon. resistance, and VAT’s (AA index, starch properties)

Ames strength: Midwest adapt, anthracnose, CRW, and abiotic stress germplasm; fumonisin resist.; VAT’s (AA, starch properties)

Overall, tropical accessions have had better combination of target traits than temperate (so far)

Most promising tropical accessions from Cuba, Brazil, Mexico, Thailand

Most promising temperate include FS8’s, and earlier material from AR, UR, and Chile with good Y/M, and earliness for Midwest

Feedback from cooperators is positive for material released from Raleigh and Ames (CUBA164, FS8’s, DK888’s, and Brazilian derived material)

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Issues/Suggested Ideas

GEM has 589 breeding crosses with 123 tested-suggest to prioritize:A. Continue working the remaining untested LAMP’sB. Determine appropriate focus on breeding crosses we have released accessions fromC. Utilize successful breeding crosses for specific traits (CUBA164, etc.)D. Implement SSD to reduce rows required for planting ETR S1 families-we can work 3X more pops

Lack of information on relatedness of accessionsA. Characterize accessions using SSRs or SNPs to assess degree of relationship between races or among accessions within a raceB. Develop genomic information on an important accession like CUBA164 with extensive phenotypic information to enhance likelihood of identifying trait associations with specific genotypes. Could be interesting model for future gene discovery

Marker assisted selection (MAS)A. GEM lines are heterogenous-need to create homozygous lines for future mapping pops (to be done by partners?)

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GEM Cooperators Acknowledgements

Name Institute Target Years

P. Balint-Kurti USDA-ARS, NC SLB 2003 - 2006

M. Bohn U. Of IL Fumonisin, CRW, ECB 2003 - 2006

M. Campbell Truman S.U., MO Amylomaize VII 2000 - 2006

M. Clements USDA-ARS, MS Aflatoxin 2004 - 2005

J. Coors U. WI Silage quality & milk potential 1995 - 2006

J. Dodd PSR, IL NLB, SLB, GLS, etc. 1998 - 2006

W. Dolezal Pioneer Hi-Bred Int’l, IA Fusarium, NLB, Diplodia, S. Rust, MDR, CRW 2000 - 2006

S. Duvick USDA-ARS, IA Protein, oil, starch, NIR and DSC 2002 - 2006

J. Edwards, S. Duvick, L. Pollak, M. Blanco

USDA-ARS, IA Starch thermal properties 2002 - 2006

M. Goodman NCSU, NC S. Adapt. GLS, southern rust 1994 - 2006

J. Hawk U. DE Anthrac, GLS, protein, AA; breeding methods 1996 - 2006

B. Hibbard USDA-ARS, MO CRW 1995 - 2006

J. Holland USDA-ARS, NC Fumonisin 2003 - 2005

J. Jane ISU, IA Resistant & Digestible Starch 2004 - 2006

P. Scott & M. Blanco USDA-ARS, IA AA analysis 1997 – 2006

M. Smith Cornell, NY Anthracnose stalk rot 1995 - 2006

W. Xu Texas A&M Drought, heat, grain mold, aflatoxin, CEW 1999 - 2006

Acknowledgements

GEM private and public cooperators USDA-ARS Collaborators GEM staff

Andy Smelser, Res. Tech Fred Engstrom, Res. Tech Sue Duvick, Lab Manager

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Races & Traits Identified from GEM and ideas for future utilization M. Blanco, C. Gardner, W....

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