Rabies surveillance in BC Melissa McLaws, DVM, PhD 14 th Zoonoses Symposium November 10, 2015.
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Transcript of Rabies surveillance in BC Melissa McLaws, DVM, PhD 14 th Zoonoses Symposium November 10, 2015.
Rabies surveillance in BCMelissa McLaws, DVM, PhD
14th Zoonoses SymposiumNovember 10, 2015
Outline
Rabies: surveillance and response in BC Results from 2015 Case Studies: Theresa Burns
Acknowledgements BCCDC: Drs. Eleni Galanis, Jennifer Koeman Ministry of Agriculture: Drs. Brian Radke, Jane
Pritchard Ministry of Environment: Dr. Helen Schwantje College of BC Veterinarians: Dr. John Brocklebank Centre for Coastal Health: Drs. Theresa Burns and
Tyler Stitt Colleagues in other provinces....
Rabies Rabies virus, Rhabdovirus family Zoonotic
Transmitted between mammals, through saliva or nervous tissue, usually by a bite
Almost all human cases from dog bites
Rabies Deadliest disease on earth: 99.9% fatality rate
~59,000 human deaths/year, about 60% of these in children under 5 years
About 95% human deaths in Africa and Asia
Rabies in BC• In BC, bats are only known reservoir
• Other parts of Canada also have fox, skunk, raccoon
• 4-8% of submitted bats test positive• Less than 0.5% all bats positive
• Others mammals infected with bat variant virus• Cats, horse, skunk, beaver
1 human case in BC, 2003
Consult BCCDC Public Health
Vet
YesYes NO
Veterinary Assessment
Possible rabid animal (bat, other wildlife, domestic animal)
Human contact? Human and animal contact?
Domestic animal contact
Refer human to health authority
If bat/wildlife available, consult wildlife vet
Yes NOSuspect animal available for testing?
VACCINATE
Up-to-date on vaccines Vaccinated: out of date
Never vaccinated
No further action
Negative
Domestic animal exposure?
Submit to CFIA for testing Veterinary public health management
Positive
Vaccination status?
Yes
Rabies in BC
0
5
10
15
20
25Animal rabies cases detected in BC
***
* 1 cat 2007** 4 skunks 2004
2015 results: Calls 107 calls January-October Suspect animal:
72 bats, 10 cats, 12 dogs, 7 raccoons 54% of calls were “a cat caught a bat” 70% calls from vet clinics
Up-to-date Unknown Never Out of Date TotalCat 22% (13) 5% (3) 44% (26) 29% (17) 59Dog 27% (3) 9% (1) 18% (2) 45% (5) 11
Vaccination Status
2015 results: Laboratory
Species Neg Pos Unsuitable
TotalBAT 55 10 4 69BOVINE 1 1
CAT 12 12COYOTE 1 1
DOG 5 5HUMAN 1 1
RACCOON 1 1Total 76 10 4 90
2015 results: Laboratory
Contact Neg Pos Unsuitable
TotalAnimal 39 1 2 42Both 12 1 2 15Human 21 3 24None 4 5 9Total 76 10 4 90
Reason for Submission
2015 results: Laboratory
Lab result Negative Positive Unsuitable
Discussion Intersection of human and animal health Puppies/kittens too young for vaccination Exposures with wildlife other than bats:
Raccoons, skunks, squirrels
Discussion Apparent low
vaccination coverage in dogs and cats Cost Anti-vaccine? Risk perception
Owners and vets
RISK
Probability Consequences
RISK
Probability Consequences
More than rabies… Animals as sentinels for human health risks
Reportable zoonoses Anaplasmosis, blastomycosis, leptospirosis,
echinococcus, balisascaris…. Data: pets, wildlife (incl urban), livestock…
Food safety issues Salmonella spp
Urban agriculture ….
Thank you for the attention!
Any questions?