Quick Computer Overview L2

8/2/2019 Quick Computer Overview L2

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CopyrightNIIT, 2010 1

Indo-Bhutan Friendship Initiative

Teachers TrainingLevel 2

RECAP SESSION


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A computer can bedefined as an electronicdevice that can acceptstore and process datato produce the required

result.

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?


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The various benefits of computers are: Speed Computers are very fast.

Accuracy Computers are very accurate. If the input isright, they never make mistakes.

Diligence Computers never get tired or bored of doing thesame task continuously. They work in the same manner allthe time.

Storage A computer can store large amounts ofinformation in its memory.

Automation If a task has to be performed several times,the computer needs to be instructed only once and itautomatically completes the task.

BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF A COMPUTER


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There are many areas where computers are usedextensively in various fields ranging from making cartoonfilms to conducting space research.

Computers are used in the following industries:

Hospitals- computers are used in medical diagnosticmachines such as CAT scans and ultrasound, which providedoctors with analyzed results.

Entertainment- Cartoon films are made with the help ofcomputers. Computer technology is also used for addingspecial effects, especially in action films.

Examples of computer animated films are, Ice Age, Toy Story

and Shrek.

COMPUTERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE


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Communication - Internet and e-mail are used by people toexchange information all over the world in a matter ofminutes.

Business and Industry - Organizations and business housesuse computers to store data and information.

Publishing- Design and layout of newspapers andmagazines can be done using the Desktop PublishingSoftware.

Banking - Banks use computers for speedy calculations

and accuracy. Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) allow customers to

withdraw cash and use other banking facilities throughcomputers.

COMPUTERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE (CONTD..)


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Education - Educators use computers to track grades andprepare notes.

Computers can be a useful teaching aid for supplementingclassroom learning.

COMPUTERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE (CONTD..)


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System Unit

Printer

MouseKeyboard

Speaker

Monitor

BASIC COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER


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Computers follow the basic principle of the Input-Process-Output (I-P-O) cycle.

Input refers to data or instructions given to the computer.

Output refers to the result given by the computer.

Process refers to the work done by the computer toobtain the output.

WORKING OF A COMPUTER

Input Process Output


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INPUT DEVICES

The input is given to thecomputer by means ofinput devices.

Keyboard, Mouse,Scanner, Barcodereader, Web cam, andMicrophone are some ofthe commonly usedinput devices.
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The system unitprocesses the inputgiven to the computerand gives the output.This output can either be

displayed on the monitoror printed on paperusing a printer.

OUTPUT DEVICES


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MONITOR

The monitor looks like atelevision screen.

It is also called VisualDisplay Unit (VDU)

It is used to displayinformation from thecomputer.

There are coloured aswell as black and white

monitors. The monitor displays

text and graphics.


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PRINTER

A printer is used fortransferring data fromthe computer to thepaper.

There are colour printersas well as black andwhite printers.

The different types ofprinters are Dot Matrix

Printers, Inkjet Printerand Laser Printers

Dot Matrix Printer

Ink Jet Printer

Laser Printer


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All the data storage andprocessing is done bythe system unit. Thesystem unit consists ofvarious components.

The components of thesystem unit are:

SMPS (Switched ModePower Supply)

Motherboard Disk drives and

Memory cards

Cables

SYSTEM UNIT


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Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an electronicpower supply unit that incorporates a switching regulator.

It gives power to all the components of a system.

The SMPS has a small fan, called the exhaust fan,

attached to it. This fan rotates as long as the computer is switched on.

Its function is to cool the SMPS unit.

SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY (SMPS )


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The processing of datais done by the CentralProcessing Unit (CPU).It is also called themicroprocessor.

It consists of three maincomponents namely,

Control Unit

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Memory Unit

MICROPROCESSOR OR CPU

Input

Control Unit

Arithmetic Logic

Unit

Memory Unit

Backing Store

Output

Working of the Central Processing Unit


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The number of characters that can be stored in acomputer is called the storage capacity of the computer.

A computer stores a variety of data and information in itsmemory, including numbers (0-9), alphabets (A-Z),symbols and other characters (#, {}, , ~, ^).

A computer uses binary system to represent thesecharacters.

In a binary system, only two digits, 0 and 1, are used. The0s and 1s in binary system are known as bits (binary

digits). A Bit is the smallest unit of measurement of storage

capacity.

A set of eight bits is used to represent a character.

STORAGE CAPACITY


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Bytes and kilobytes are used to measure the storagecapacity of a computer.

8 bits = 1 byte

1024 bytes = 1KB (Kilobyte)

1024 KB = 1MB (Megabyte)

1024 MB = 1GB (Gigabyte)

STORAGE CAPACITY (CONTD...)


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Computers use two types of storage: Internal storage

External storage

STORAGE MEDIA


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The part of the system unit where your programs andother necessary information are stored is called internalstorage.

It is also called the main memory of the computer.

The function of internal memory is as follows: It stores the input data until the CPU is ready for processing.

It acts as a working space (like a rough sheet of paper usedfor calculations).

It stores the processing instructions.

It stores the data, which is processed by the CPU and readyfor output.

INTERNAL STORAGE MEDIA


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This is also known as secondary storage.

Data stored in a secondary storage media is permanent.

The contents are not lost when the power is switched off.

The most commonly used storage media are:

Hard disk

CD (Compact Disc)

DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)

USB Flash drive (Pen drive)

EXTERNAL STORAGE MEDIA


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The external storagemedia fixed inside thesystem unit is called thehard disk .

Whenever you savedata in a computer, it isstored on a hard disk.

The hard disk is used forstoring large quantities

of data.

The storage capacity ofa hard disk may varyfrom 40 GB to 320 GB.

HARD DISK


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COMPACT DISC

Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) CD-ROM is an optical storage device that has a huge

storage capacity. The advantage of a CD-ROM is that the data present in it

is less prone to damage.

Being read only, the data present in a CD-ROM cannotbe changed and is mainly used to store programs andmultimedia applications.

The storage capacity of most CD-ROMs is approximatelyabout 650 MB.

Compact Disk Rewritable (CD-RW) CD-RW is a rewritable optical disc format. CDs with CD-RW

formats can be rewritten.


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The storage capacity of a DVD is higher than CD. Video,audio and data files can be stored in DVD.

DVDs are recordable and rewritable just like CD.

Data stored in DVD ROMs cannot be rewritten.

DVD-RW is rewritable. The DVD disks are single sided and double sided. The

double sided disk stores data on both sides of the disk.Whereas in a single sided disk data can be stored only insingle side.

The storage capacity of most DVD-RW & ROMs isapproximately about 4 GB.

DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC


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A computer cannot do any job with just the hardwaredevices.

It needs a set of commands to do some action.

The set of instructions given to the computer is called a

program. A set of programs is called Software.

Software can be classified into two major types. They are:

Application Software

System Software

SOFTWARE


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Application software is a type of software program writtenspecifically to do a particular function.

For example, Microsoft Word is a Word processorprogram used to create and edit useful documents.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE


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System software is any computer software that managesand controls computer hardware so that applicationsoftware can perform.

It acts as an interface between the user and the computerhardware to provide necessary services to work with thecomputer.

Examples of system software include operating systems,assemblers, compilers, file management tools andsystem utilities.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE


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A computer virus is a program that attaches itself to theexecutable files such as .COM and .EXE or the systemareas of hard disk and zip disks and then makes copiesof itself.

Virus hinders the efficiency of a Computer.

Viruses operate without being acknowledged by acomputer user.

Viruses cannot do any damage to the hardware.

Viruses cannot melt down the CPU, burn down the hard

drive or cause the monitor to explode.

PROTECTING COMPUTER FROM VIRUS


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An Antivirus program provides a layer of security toprotect the user computer from a computer virus andTrojan horses.

To avoid virus infections in your computer, install the anti-virus software from a well-known, reputable company andupdate it regularly.

Anti-virus software is a program that scans yourcomputers hard disk to detect viruses.

If any virus is found, the anti-virus software removes the

virus from your computer.

ANTIVIRUS


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Some of the Antivirus Software are: Norton Antivirus

VX 2000

McAfee

Kaspersky

Panda Antivirus

F-Secure Anti-Virus

ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE


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Some precautions to keep your computer free from virus: Have at least one anti-virus program and use it regularly to

check your computer for viruses.

Update the anti-virus software program regularly to protectyour computer from new viruses.

Backup files regularly so that the damage is minimised if avirus attack does occur.

PREVENTING VIRUSES


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Dos Keep the computer in a cool, dry and dust-free environment.

Make sure that the switches of system unit, monitor, andprinter are in the OFF position before switching ON the mainpower.

Switch off the monitor, system unit, and the printer, beforeswitching off the main power supply.

Clean the work area of the computer daily.

Cover the system at the end of the day.

Have enough space between the computer and the roomwalls for proper airflow.

Clean your keyboard regularly.

GUIDELINES FOR MAINTENANCE OF YOUR COMPUTER


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Use a vacuum cleaner to collect the dust on the keyboard. Use a mouse pad for the mouse. If there is no mouse pad,

then place the mouse on a clean flat surface.

Donts

Do not drink or eat near the computer.

Do not allow direct sunlight to fall on your computer.

Do not run any other electrical items in the surrounding areaof the computer when it is switched ON.

Do not try to open the monitor and touch the parts.

Do not expose the mouse to excessive moisture. Do not strike the keys hard on the keyboard.

GUIDELINES FOR MAINTENANCE OF YOUR COMPUTER (CONTD...)


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Do not rest your hands on the keyboard. Do not keep anything on the keyboard.

Do not use the keys after switching off the system.

Do not pull or stretch the keyboard and mouse cables.

GUIDELINES FOR MAINTENANCE OF YOUR COMPUTER (CONTD...)


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