1

Question + Answer

Lecture 3

1) Kshama :

• Control anger at mind level.

Dama :

• Control anger at speech level.

Uparama :

• Effortless control.

Titiksha :

• Situation, I can’t do anything, forebear it, no control. Increase your power of endurance.

2) Action

Sat Karma (Good actions - 10) Dushkarma (Bad actions - 5)

- Punyam- Gives Joy + fructifies.

- Papam- Comes to me as sorrow.

• By itself Punya and Papa can’t cancel each other.

• Net result 5 – I want enjoy.

• Duryodhana – Veera Swarga death in battle field, doesn’t stay long there.

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• When you do Sat Karma with attitude of Karma Yoga, result is Chitta Shuddhi, nullifies Papam.

• No Dush Karma with Karma Yoga attitude.

• When Dukham presents itself, I don’t take it as wrong because of Chitta Shuddhi.

• Unfavourable situations will come but they loose power to produce Dukham because of Chitta Shuddhi.

• Because mind is purified you face situation without complaining.

• In your mind you wont feel bad.

• Ishvara Kripa can nullify all Papa, Karma Phala Dhata.

• Chapter 7 – Verse 12 – How to get grace of Lord.

Perform good action

Simple attitude Great attitude

Whatever beings (and objects) that are pure, active and inert, know them to proceed from Me; yet, I amnot in them, they are in Me. [Chapter 7 – Verse 12]

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3) Chapter 2 – Verse 24 :

• Self indestructible.

• Incapable of being cut, burnt.

• Eternal, Sarvagataha, Avyayaktaha,

• 8 words give us reason why self can’t be affected by 4 elements.

• Eternal – no limitation of time.

• Sarvagatah – No limitation of space.

• Sthanuhu – Immovable.

• Achala – Doesn’t move.

• Infinity in time = Infinity in space.

• Eternal = Sarvagataha.

• Indestructible because of 8 indicators.

This Self cannot be cut, nor burnt, nor moistened, nor dried up. It is eternal, all-pervading,stable, immovable and ancient. [Chapter 2 – Verse 24]

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4)

5) Jivatma – Dehatma :

• One who considers Body / Mind / Intellect as his, as mine.

• Body is me.

• Transmigration = Jivatma.

• Dehinaha :

o One who has Deha.

o Considers Deha to be his.

• Dehi = Agyani Jivatma.

Delusion – Moha – 2 types

Dharma Moha Atma Moha

- Result of sorrow- Pratyavaya

- Cause of sorrow - I don’t know myself.- Gives rise to Ahamta +

Mamata.

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6) Jivatma – Understands he is Atma, doesn’t move them.

• Moksha = Jiva understands he is Paramatma.

7)

8) Akasha :

• Not Sky.

• Space – can’t see.

• If I see space, I wont see others.

• I have understanding of space, feel space.

• Effect of Maya, hence included as 5 elements.

• Basic Reflected Medium for gross, subtle world.

• Each Mahabutha is subtler than next Mahabutha.

Do

Svadharma Karma Yoga

- Doing Duty gives Punyam - Do Duty as Karma Yoga.- Gives Chitta Shuddhi.

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Akasha

Vayu

Agni

Jalam

Prithvi

Subtlest – none of 4 can touch it.

Grosser than space can’t see Air, feel, touch

Subtler than water, earth – can’t be tasted.

Subtler than earth, grosser than rest, can’t be smelt

Grossest see, touch, smell, taste, hear.

Atma Kala Dik

- Nonmaterial- Not result of Maya

Time Space

- Anatma- Material- Result of Maya- X / Y Axis → Desha, Kala, Vastu

• Space, time – Basic parameter for creation.

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9) For whom we should not grieve?

• Self, Jiva, Body, all of above, (for no reason).

• None of above.

• Why we should not cry.

• From standpoint of Paramatma, shouldn’t grieve, we are all self.

10) What is Samatvam – Equanimity?

• Is it a reaction? Yes

• Your reply to situation = Samatvam.

• Win / Loose – don’t loose equanimity of mind, totally eternal.

• If insistent on result, anger, Anxiousness, tention, Samatvam gone.

2 types of objective questions

Only one correct Check all that apply

Ꙩ- This question not in this

category.- Tricky Question

√

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Question + Answer

Section 2 – Chapter 2 – 1st session

Lecture 1

1) Abhyasa – Verse 15.

That firm man whom surely these afflict not, O Chief among men, to whom pleasure and painare the same, is fit for realising the immortality of the Self.[Chapter 2 - Verse 15]

• Practice, study.

• Chapter 6 – Abhyasa + practice.

Technical Meanings :

6 factors

How to know I have clear knowledge Shadvida Linga.

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Upakrama Upasamhara :

• Kavya Shastra – Abhyasa Dosha – flaw

• Important is repeated.

2) Vishnu Sahasranama – Mahabharata

• Sri Rama Rameti… Rama Raksha Stotram.

• One question of Parvati… Shiva – says.

• Chant Rama… 3 times = 1000 names of Lord Vishnu.

• To glorify Rama Nama.

• Some repeat some important verses 3 times, Ishvara uncle in Mumbai.

Abhyasa

- Repetition- Main point repeated in between- Chapter 2 – Vastu Sangraha

Adhyasa- Chapter 15 – Abhyasa- Chapter 18 - Upasamhara

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3) What was age of Arjuna?

• Average age of Human.

• Sapta – Lakhs of years.

• Treta – 1000 years – Rama ruled 1000 years.

• 14 years – Vanavasa… 20 years Story we know.

• Dvapara – 100 years.

• Bhishma Pitha Maha.. Survived long time.

• Diritashtra, Drona → Old.

• End of Dvapara Yuga. After 36 years – Kali Yuga.

• Now Kaliyuga - <100 years

• Arjuna – 60 Years prime youth, Krishna – 75 years.

• Young… full = 300 years.

• Abhimanyu – child – during war – youngest.

• Some believe Arjuna, Krishna same age.

• Ruled Indraprastha – 30 years.

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4) Chapter 2 - 5th Sloka : Change in Metre

Better indeed in this world, is to eat even the bread of beggary than to slay the most noble of teachers.But, if I kill them, all my enjoyments of wealth and desires, even in this world, will be stained with blood.[Chapter 2 – Verse 5]

• Usual → sloka → Metre – 1st Chapter.

• Most of Gita : Anushtup – 8 Alphabets in each quarter.

• 32 Alphabets in 4 quarters.

• Trishtup – Chandas – 4 lines Gayithri – Pankti…

Question + Answer

Lecture 2

1) 2 Delusions :

Arjuna has Shokha – Moha, 3 person’s Analysed

Sanjaya Bhagavan Arjuna

• Shokah and Hands trembling, horripulation.

• Speech : Shows Moha.

- Kripaya Paraya - Vishidantam.

- Kutastva Kashmalam - Karpanya Dosha Upahata – Svabava.

- Sorrow because of which I can’t think.

- Confusion regarding duty.

Shokha came because Arjuna has to kill

Then Moha came, what is my duty

BikshaFight12

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• Why Ahamta – Mamata?

• Caused by “I am body” – Moola Moha Atma Moha, Agyanam.

Shokha because of

MamataAhamta

Atma Moha = Agyanam Gives rise to Ahamta - Mamata

Causes sorrow / Shokha

Delusion about duty

Confusion

Dhamra Moha

What I should do, I don’t want to do

Svadharma Moha

Gives rise to Papam

Gives sorrow Another Shokah Caused by Papam

• Moha can be removed when Agyanam removed.

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Bhagawan answering about 2 Mohas

Svadharma MohaAtma Moha / Moola Moha

2) Sadhana Chatushtaya :

• Viveka.

• Vairagya.

• Sadhana Chatustaya Sampatti – 6 fold inner wealth Kshama, Dama, Uparama, Titiksha, Sraddha, Samadhanam.

• Mumukshutvam.

3) Titiksha :

• Sahanana Sarvam Sukhanam – Apratee Poorvakam Chinta Vilapa Rahitam.

• Forbear all sorrow which comes.

• Cause = Ignorance, Papam – done something wrong.

• Can’t avoid, result will come, no choice, without complaint, opposing, keep crying.

• No worry of past, future.

- Verse 31 onwards to 38- Self knowledge- Removes ignorance

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• How to develop forbearance, verse 14 – Mantra Sparsha…

The contacts of senses with objects, O son of Kunti, which cause heat and cold, pleasure andpain, have a beginning and an end; they are impermanent. Endure them bravely, O descendantof Bharata. [Chapter 2 – Verse 14]

• Little pinpricks of life, go through, too sensitive, mentally.

• Have less expectation, live with, without – develop habit.

• With Slight change, disturbed.

4) How to take notes :

• Word meaning.

• Reasons – why Rishikesha, Govindam.

• Connection between 2 verses.

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• Verse 11 – Why crying

- Read – “wise don’t cry”.

The Blessed Lord said : You have grieved for those that should not be grieved for;yet, you speak words of wisdom. The wise grieve neither for the living nor for the dead.[Chapter 2 – Verse 11]

It is not that at any time (in the past), indeed was I not, nor were you, nor these rulers of men.Nor verily, shall we ever cease to be hereafter. [Chapter 2 – Verse 12]

• 12th verse – I am not the body – body dies – I don’t die, always I am there.

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• 13th verse – I am not soul, death of body for change – like Kaumaram. Why cry.

• 14th verse – not mind – tam Titiksha.

• Bullet points.

Just as in this body the emobided (soul) passes into childhood, youth and old age, so also doeshe pass into another body; the firm man does not grieve at it. [Chapter 2 – Verse 13]

The contacts of senses with objects, O son of Kunti, which cause heat and cold, pleasure andpain, have a beginning and an end; they are impermanent. Endure them bravely, O descendantof Bharata. [Chapter 2 – Verse 14]

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5) Pronunciation of Visarga.

• Sha before Sa Sha / Ka Kah – Kah! / Pa – Pa – Ba Pah!

• End → Pronounce as ha Suchi Nak Kshatirya Partha.

6) If there is only consciousness – why is body seeking liberation.

Example : Space

• Pot space is seeking liberation.

• Pot space wants to be space. It is already space but it doesn’t know that.

• Therefore wants liberation.

• Liberation is not becoming consciousness.

• Liberation of pot space is not that it will become total space.

• It understands that it was always space.

• Is effort by body useless.

• 1st – body is inert, it doesn’t want anything.

Body Who is seeking liberation

- Not seeking liberation.- Can’t get liberated.

- One who is not there is seeking liberation!

- Thinks he is there.- Wants to be there always is

seeking liberation.

• It is the mind which wants.

• Body is Pitiable – Pavam, does not want anything.

Example :

• Futile effort to get it liberated.

• Person had camel.

• Forgotten rope / nail, to tie camel.

• Rope on neck + nail to ground.

• Act as though you are tying + nailed – camel sat down.

• Tie + untie for man not for camel.

• You acted as though untieing, camel not tied, futile effort.

• One who is tied has to be liberated.

• I am not bound, I can’t be liberated.

• I think I am bound and want to be liberated.

• Act as though untying.

• Mistake of ignorance already happened.

• If effort is futile… it can’t take you to liberation.

Kaivalya Upanishad :

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20

• Give up wrong notion, then you are already liberated.

• You think you are bound.

• See a dream + think you are suffering, wake up, dream ends automatically.

• Wake up from dream of wakers world to Atma, dream of waking ends automatically.

• When I was suffering heat of Kerala, I was comfortably sleeping!

• Effort though futile is required because we have wrongly understood somethings.

• Efforts required till correct understanding comes.

7) Arjunas sorrow because of delusion or fear.

• He didn’t have any fear.

• He says, if we fight, we will win the kingdom, but I don’t want the kingdom.

Reasons :

I) Has full confidence of his ability.

II) Krishna on his side

o Drithrashtra, Bheeshma, Drona know, conches blown.

o 36 Lakhs come to war.

III) Where Krishna + Arjuna are there, there is victory.

o Firm conviction.

Not by work, nor by progeny, nor by wealth, but by renunciation alone, Immortality is attained. Higher than heaven, seated in the cave of the intellect. It shines, which the seekers attain. [Verse 3]

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• No thought of failure in Arjuna.

• Never fought keeping end in mind.

• Ajnyatha Vasa – alone – No Krishna.

• Fights with entire Kaurava family.

• Delusion because of sorrow.

8) Duryodhana knows Krishna is god.

• You are Antaryami, he has to control – fuel in the car, after fuel put – driver bangs –petrol gives energy for good + bad.

• This is role of God – Chaitanyam in each one of us.

• Don’t blame God for your mistakes.

• Praise him for your victories.

• Petrol + driver = God.

God

Bad PathGood Path

• Bad happens – why I suffer.

• He is life giving force.

• How do I conduct my life is in my hand.

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• Duryodhana chooses to make mistake.

• If Bhagavan known, but they forget.

• Greatness of great people is not to show their greatness.

• Arjuna + Duryodhana went directly to his bedroom.

• Simplicity is great, people forget his greatness.

• Rama didn’t exhibit Godliness.

8) Some happy – do they have Shokha – Moha

• With self knowledge, will be beyond Shokha – Moha.

• Has understanding people will die – know how to live life.

9) Atma – Moha – destroyed by I am Atma, not I am not the body, mind, intellect.

• This knowledge at intellectual level = Jnanam, when we experience it is called Vigyanam.

• I am self of all.

• Established by Sravanam + Mananam + Nididhyasanam.

10) Kshama + Dama controls :

• In Kama – Krodha.

• Because its control of mind.

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11) Atma Moha relates to me – who am I unclear, confusion.

• Makes us feel I am body, it is result of Atma Moha.

• I am body = Identification because of ignorance.

• Know world – don’t know self.

• What is happening in home.

• More important than in nation.

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Chapter 2 – Part A

Question + Answer – Session 3

Lecture 3

1) How do we connect Sakshi Bhava with consciousness – is it attribute of consciousness or is it consciousness itself?

Depends on Standpoint :

w.r.t. consciousness itself w.r.t. World

- Not even a witness- Nothing exists other than

consciousness.

- It is witness w.r.t. our present standpoint as ignorant people.

- Consciousness is witness of Body / Mind / Intellect, different from Body / Mind / Intellect.

• From our standpoint it is witness, from its own standpoint not witness.

• Is Sun moving or earth?

w.r.t. Sun w.r.t. Earth

Sun not moving Feel sun is moving

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2)

• Show picture :

o Body is me.

o Modifications taken as me.

• I am coming, going, present.

• Something changeless, substratum = Self.

• Cars move because road stationary, changeless support.

6 Modifications in Body

Jayate

- Is born in mothers body.

Asti

- Exists separately as Child.

Vardate

- Grows- Height, weight

Viparinamate

- Matures- No growth

Apakshiyate

- Decays

Vinashyati

- Destroyed

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• To be born, you must be nonexistent before.

• Birth = Something not there before, but it is there now.

• No time when I was not there, no time when I was born.

• Ayam Butva, Butava Bavina.

• Not there before, it came into existence now is body, not Atma.

3) Why Krishna gave self knowledge?

• Arjuna didn’t ask self knowledge.

2 problems

DelusionSorrow

• Nishchitam sreyaha.

• Absolutely good / say clearly.

• Arjuna didn’t know cause.

Sreyas Preyas Nishsreyas

- Good- Duty

- Like- See Tv- Pleasant

- Absolutely good- Moksha, requires

self knowledge.

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4) How Lord Krishna conveys we are not Body / Mind?

I) Verse 12 :

• We are always there, we were always there, we will be there always.

• Example :

o Body changes 90% in 7 years.

o Many bodies within this birth.

• Changes not death, Kaumaram, Yauvanam, Jara.

• Add one more.. Take new body.

• Why fuss?

• When we change body, no memory of previous body, therefore fear.

II) You are not mind

• Mind feels pleasures – pains.

It is not that at any time (in the past), indeed was I not, nor were you, nor these rulers of men.Nor verily, shall we ever cease to be hereafter. [Chapter 2 – Verse 12]

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• Agama, Pahi, Anitya, Tam Titiksha.. Forebear because you are not body.

• Pleasure + pain belongs to mind not me.

• Dukham, mind suffers

Pleasure, mind enjoys

III)

• Who am I?

• Avinashitu Tat Viddhi.

• Indestructible, unchangeable existence I am, not unreal body / Mind.

5) Na Hanti Na Hanyate :

• Self doesn’t die, self doesn’t kill.

• Goal to reach – Self

- Shown in Chapter 2

• Become Tattva Darshibihi, see in the end, both Sat + Asat, clearly.

• Path - Karma Yoga – Upasana Yoga – Jnana Yoga.

I Atma not bothered

Body / Mind - changing Sataha Abavaha

- Unreal can’t exist- Asataha Bavaha Na Vidyate.

- No Vidyate.- That which is real, can never perish.

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6) Is Body related to Existence or not related?

• Not related, watch exists

↓

Form exists.

• Body exists

↓

Form exists.

• To all body, watch, man, girl, common factor is existence.

• Existence common for Singapore, USA.

• Form is different.

• Form not related to existence.

• Existence is substratum, nonchanging, form is changing, there form is unreal.

• Even when it appears to be existing, it is still not existing.

Example :

Necklace Gold

- Form- We think it is necklace.- Ajnani sees Jivas, Jagat, Ishvara.

- Substance- goldsmith sees it as gold.- Jnani sees only existence,

consciousness.

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• Existence is not related to anything because there is nothing other than existence.

• Arjuna knows what he has not understood and asks questions.

7) Verse 16 :

Necklace Gold

- Form changes, melts, can make to ring.

- Jiva, Jagat, Ishvara changing.- For relation 2 things required.- Me and Mother have relationship.

- Distinction clear in Jnanis mind, sees substratum, not outerform.

- Gold remains same.- Existence alone real, there is

nothing other than that.- Existence has no relationship with

anything, it alone is.- I can’t be related to myself.

The unreal has no existence; there is no non-existence of the Real; the truth about both thesehas been seen by the knowers of the Truth (or the seers of the Essence). [Chapter 2 – Verse 16]

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• Asataha Bavaha Na Vidyate.

• Presence – Absence

↓

Watch is present.

• Bava – Abava.

In Vedanta :

• What I perceive alone is existing.

• Not perceiving – doesn’t exist.

• Your house doesn’t exist for me because I don’t perceive!!

• My perception is relative, existence is not relative.

• Existence for you is relative, what is really there, is existence alone, reality.

• What really is, is only Ekam, that is me, all other things are relatively real, appearing to be real, is unreal.

Sat Asat

Real Unreal

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8) Chapter 2 – Verse 9 :

Gudakesha Parantapaha

- Arjuna- Curly hair, Rishi Kesha

- Visarga after Parantapa.- Paran Tapayati- Refers to Arjuna with Visarga or

Dritharashtra.

Sanjaya said : Having spoken thus to Hrsikesa, Gudakesa, the destroyer of foes, said toGovinda: “I will not fight” and became silent. [Chapter 2 – Verse 9]

• Gita : 5500 Years old – Pata Veda.

Books

- Parantapaha- With Visarga

- Parantapa Sambodaha- Refers to Dritharashtra - Without Visarga

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9) Reality – Unreality :

Is it rational to have faith in Guru

Know completelyDon’t know completely

What I see – unreal says Shastra

Unreality

• I am alive – no faith.

• Faith = Belief pending enquiry to find what you believed in, is correct = Rationality –How?

• Andah Sraddha = Irrational.

• After belief – start enquiry = rational.

• God exists….. How – not why.

• Shastra says – I must come to know How, enquire.

• After belief – enquire.

Logic :

• Yat Drishyam – Tat Jadam, Tad nashvaram

Seen Inert Perishable

Yat Jadam - Tat Anityam

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• Inert – impermanent – appearing but not really there.

Logic Tree :

• Rational intelligence of Shastra.

10) Verse 20 :

(I) Drishyam

(II) Jadam

(III) Nashvaram

(IV) Mithya – Nama - Rupam

(V) Asat

Seen

Inert

Perishable, impermanent

Appearing

Not really there

He is not born, nor does He ever die; after having been, He again ceases not to be; unborn,eternal, changeless and ancient, He is not killed when the body is killed. [Chapter 2 – Verse 20]

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Va :

• This self not being there before, later came into existence – Na.

I) It is not that self was not there and then came into existence.

• Not self is born – Na Jayate.

II) Or – Va – Not dying

• Self is there – later – will not be there – Na – Bavati.

1st Na

It was there, later on, it will not be there.

Self was not there and is there now.

• वा = Na Mriyate.

11) Why don’t he remember previous birth.

• Verse 1,10, 38 → Why forgot?

• In this life, forgotten.

• Don’t remember Names.

• In the womb, remember previous birth, on birth, loose memory, address lost.

Computer Memory Processor

- Addresses stored- Can’t call memory because of pain

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• By Gods Grace don’t remember, will be doomed!

• Chapter 15 – Apohanam Cha – Forgetting my grace.

• Technically forget because of pain.

• Jiva is same, mind does not remember previous birth.

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Question + Answer

Lecture 1

Chapter 2 – Part A – Session 1 Continued….

5) Summary of 1st Chapter

• Sanjaya

• Duryodhana = 2 problems.

2 Problems

Ego / Pride (Ahamkara)Fear (Bayam)

I am greatGlorifies

• Bhishma – Bhima / Dishtup Yumna

↓

Commander in Chief

Arjuna

MohaShoka

Arjuna not afraid

38

• Thinking of a situation different and being in a situation.

• 36 Lakhs – win / die – war.

• Arjavat Arjuna – Straight forward therefore Bhagawan could correct him.

• Logic of Arjuna right but at wrong place where logic should be followed.

• Myness creates sorrow.

• Before war – 13 years over.

• Sanjaya comes + speaks to Pandavas.

• Same as Arjunas.

• Arjuna firm…

• Me + Krishna – will destroy entire Kauravas.

• Dritharashtra speaking through Sanjaya to create doubt.

• Yudhistra – after doubt – I want to be king – go to Bhishma.

• Sama – Dana – Bheda – Divine in such a way, no war.

Sama Dana

- To talk- Settle outside court

- Give something –5 houses – needle point land not given.

• Karna – Kunti + Krishna↓

Bheda told

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• Dritharashtra

Bhishm - DronaDon’t want war

NarayanaNara

KrishnaBest among men

Best GodCrying

• Get up, stop crying – Krishna.

Verse 10 :

To him, who was despondent in the midst of the two armies, Hrsikesa as if smiling, O Bharata,spoke these words. [Chapter 2 – Verse 10]

Paryaptam Aparyaptam – 2 meaning

- Finite- Sufficient

- Infinite- Insufficient

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• 2 contrary emotions in Duryodhana.

• Afraid / proud – ego

• Bhima / proud

• Some verses.

• Pandavan – Limited but sufficient for win.

• 7 Aksha Guni instead of 11.

• Duryodhana – Max afraid of Bhima

- Beaten him.

Bhishma – Bhima – compared :

Bhishma Bhima

- Unlimited- Kaurvas- Duryodhana (Proud)- Yudhishtra (Sorrow not Yoga)- Dirtharashtra

- Arjuna (not proud – opened – sorrow = Yoga)

- Limited- Great – Big – Army of Pandavas.- Cricket – Huddle

• 17 Warriors named – No Pandavas

↓

Bhima + Arjuna in the war

• Arjuna is crying – Bhagavan is going to talk in 2 verses.

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Question :

• Arjuna had fear of Sin?

• Here fear of defeat / dying himself, but of others dying in his hands.

Question :

• Drona – Brahmana – Poor – Unemployed

↓

Guru of Pandavas appointed by Bishma

↓

Why in Kauravas?

↓

Got Salary

• Nobody completely good / bad, made + paid for mistakes.

• Ruling party – Dritharashtra.

Question :

• Arjunas Sorrow = Our Sorrow

↓

If expressed to God then becomes Yoga.

• We cry to ones who are in difficulty.

• Yoga = Means for us to unite with God.

• When we have sorrow or delusion, open up.

• Don’t have God – Open up to Shastra.