Quan%fying ac%ve volcanic processes and migang their ...€¦ · terrestrial hazard studies (work...

HyspIRIScience&Applica1onsWorkshopPasadena,CA(13-15Oct2015)

Quan%fyingac%vevolcanicprocessesandmi%ga%ngtheirhazardswithHyspIRIdata

MichaelS.Ramsey11UniversityofPiHsburgh,DepartmentofGeologyandPlanetaryScience,PiHsburgh,PA,USA

IRimageofKilaueaflow:Ma2Patrick(HVO)


overview background examples results summary

Outlineoverview

IRcamera=meseries(Kilauea)

v Overviewv Background

•  hightemperatureemissivity§  priorfindings§  analysis/impactoftheVSWIR?

v Modeling/AnalysisResults•  Tolbachik,Russia•  Kilauea,HI•  otherexamples

§  constrainflowcondi-ons

v Summary



StudiesofLavaFlowsoverview

27 Apr 13

v BiggerPicture•  largelavaflowsarequitecommon§  threatenpropertyandimpactairspace

§  e.g.,Kilauea,(Hawaii);EyjSallajökullandBardarbunga(Iceland);Nyiragongo(DRCongo),Etna(Italy)

•  captureddozensoftheseflowswithASTERoverthepast15yrs.§  dataprovideauniqueopportunitytoexaminetheTIRresponseover=meandmodeltheflowpaths

100 m TolbachikV.(Russia)

NyiragongoV.(DRCongo)

27 Apr 13

12 Dec 12

10km

N

ASTERTIR:TolbachikV.(Russia)


A B

1.5kmAS

TERURP

:Barda

rbun

gaIcelan

d(23Sept2014)

VNIR(day)

TIR(day) TIR(night)



StudiesofLavaFlowsoverview

v RecentWork•  modifiedversionofaninvitedtalkIgaveattheIUGGMee=nginJune

•  mostlygearedtowardaterrestrialvolcanologycrowd§  butwasajointplanetary/terrestrialsession

•  modelingworkhasgrownoutofcurrentongoing(NSF-funded)laboratoryanalysisofemissivitychangesinmoltensilicates§  nowincorpora=ngthatdataintoflowpropaga=onmodelsforterrestrialhazardstudies(workwithA.HarrisinFrance)

§  extendedtheresults/modelinareverseapplica=ontoflowfieldsonMars(workwithD.CrowninTucson,AZ)

Ø  usemorphometricdatafromTHEMIS,CTXandHiRISEtoes=mateflowerup=onparameters (Ramseyetal.,2015)



ThermalAnalysisofMelts

v TIRData•  atthepixel-scale

§  anisothermalityresultsinsignificanterrorsinthederivedTIRemissivityspectra

Ø  duetoassump=onsduringsepara=onofemissivityandtemperaturecombinedwiththenon-linearityofthePlanckcurve

•  atthelab-scale

background

(Rose et al., 2013)

§  Tlava>Tg(glasstransi1on)alsoaffectstheTIRemissivity§  resultsintheabilitytoextractSi:Obondinginforma=on



quartz

highSiO2glass

(Lee,2011;Leeeta

l.,2013)

ThermalAnalysisofMeltsbackground



ThermalAnalysisofMeltsbackground

wt.%SiO2

(Kingetal.,2011)

(Lee,etal.2013)

v Composi%on•  presenceofdifferentminerals•  wt.%SiO2ofglassylavas

v SilicateBondStructure•  changestothemineral/glassstructurealtersbondlengthsandstrengths§  emissivityincreasesasalavacoolsthroughtheTg

§  impactsremotedetermina=onof:Ø  lavacomposi=onØ  accuratesurfacetemperaturesØ  down-flowcooling,viscosity,fromthermorheologicalmodels



DevelopmentofNewToolsexamples

andHyspIRIchannelsØ  acquire≈3frames/filterpassØ  slowprocessofpost-processingØ  automated,smallerversionnowindevelopment

‒  shouldallowforremote,autonomousdeployment

v FieldMul%spectralFLIR•  newadapta=ontoaFLIRcameratomeasureinsituemissivityforthefirst=me§  sixwavelengthfiltersfabricatedtoreplicateASTER,MODIS,MASTER



11.3μm8.3μmSO2

examples

FLIRfiltersequenceofHalemaumaucraterlavalakespanning≈ 20seconds(Aug2014)

v FieldMul%spectralFLIR•  testedatKilauea’sHalemaumaulavalake(August2014)

•  conceptappearstoworkalthoughmorecalibra=onisneeded§  detectedSO2,glassysurfacesandbasal=cmineralogy

§  confirmedavg.7%emissivitydropinmoltenbasalt(max=12%)

DevelopmentofNewTools



Cooling&EmissivityattheFlow-Scale

§  tracktheheatgainsandlossesofanelementoflavaflowingdownanaturaloruser-definedchannel

Ø  cooling-limited(open-channel)ratherthansupply-limited

Ø  temperature-dependentviscosityØ  recalcula=onofthethermalandpetrologicalcondi=onsofthelava

§  allowsdetermina=onofflowparameterssuchas:Ø  viscosity,coolingrate,crystallinity,…

(Qvsc+Qxst)=(Qcnd+Qcnv+Qrad)*%me-averagedischargerate=Alava·[(Qcnd+Qcnv+εQrad)/ρ(CpΔT+CLΔφ)]

*needaccuratethermalparametersforthelava(emissivity,temperature)

(Harris&Rowland,2001)

examples

v ThermorheologicalFlowModeling•  applyFLOWGOforchannelizedflowsandvarytheemissivity

Qrad

Qxst

Qcnv

Qcnd Qvsc



Cooling&EmissivityattheFlow-Scaleresults

v ThermorheologicalFlowModeling•  typically,emissivityandvesicularityareassumedconstant:

§  ε≈0.95–0.98;ζ≈0.92§  thesewerevariedforapriorFLOWGOrunofachannelinthe1972MaunaUluflowfield (Harrisetal.,2009)



Example:ArsiaMons

175m

CTX image (~ 5m/pixel)

results



Example:ArsiaMons

v First,Es%matetheTADR•  usingcertainstar=ngassump=ons•  calculateini=alviscosity•  flowareapropor=onaltoTADR:

§  TADR=0.90–7.80x103m3/sØ  similarrangeof3.4–13.0x103m3/s

v Next,usemodeledTADRtoini%atetheFLOWGOmodel•  underMar=ancondi=onsusingproper=esofterrestrialflows§  modeldown-flowcrystallinity,viscosity,velocity,temperatureun=lflows“stops”

results

1070

1080

1090

1100

1110

1120

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

CoreTe

mperature(

∞C)

Distance(km)

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Viscosity(P

a∑s)

Distance(km)

(Wilson&Mouginis-Mark,2001) 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Crystalinnit

y(%)

Distance(km)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Veloc

ity(m

/s)

Distance(km)

(Ramseyetal.,2015)



HyspIRI:ProposedWork

v Quan-fyingac-vevolcanicprocessesandmi-ga-ngtheirhazardswithHyspIRIdata•  ProposedTasks

summary

§  Task1:Quan=fythemagnitudeoftemperature-dependentemissivitychangeforac=vebasal=csurfacesusinginsitufieldandlaboratoryIRdata(fundamentalscience)

Ø  developmentofthenewminiaturemul=spectralIRcamera

Ø  insitudatacollec=on



HyspIRI:ProposedWork

v Quan-fyingac-vevolcanicprocessesandmi-ga-ngtheirhazardswithHyspIRIdata•  ProposedTasks

summary

§  Task2:Determinetheaccuracyofhigh-temperatureemissivityextrac=onatpoten=alHyspIRIspa=alresolu=onsanditsimpactonmodelingofflowadvance(appliedscience)

Ø  spa=alanalysisoftheHyspIRIanalogdataØ  integratedIRmeasurementsandFLOWGOmodeling



Conclusionssummary

v WhatCanWeSayAboutTIRDataofLavaFlows?•  provideasynop=cviewofvolcanicac=vityatmanyscales•  cri=calground-andlab-basedstudiescon=nuetovalidatetheorbitaldataandmodelingapproachesneededforscalingoverordersofmagnituderesolu=ondifferences

•  quan=ta=veinforma=onontemperatureandemissivity§  abletoderivecomposi=on/structureofsilicatephases;vesicularity;thermalfrac=onsusingthedata

§  moreaccuratemodelingoflavaflowsonEarthandMars

•  newly-fundedworkforHyspIRI§  mul=-scaleapproachtotesthowtheaccuracyofHyspIRIdatawillaffectthermalmodelsoferup=onrateandflowpropaga=on,

Ø  directlyrelatedtohazardassessmentanderup=onforecas=ng



Ques%ons?summary

v Collaborators:•  J.Byrnes,OklahomaStateUniversity,USA•  D.Crown,PlanetaryScienceIns1tute,USA•  A.Harris,ClermontUniversité,France•  P.King,AustraliaNa1onalUniversity,Australia•  R.Lee,SUNYOswego,USA•  M.Patrick,HawaiiVolcanoObservatory,USA

v PriorStudentsandPost-Docs:•  A.Steye,UniversityofHawaii,USA•  A.Carter,A.Harburger,R.Lee,S.Rose,Universityof

PiHsburgh,USA

v Funding: •  NASA,SENH9900000159,NNG04GO69G,

NNX08AJ91G,NNG04GO64G,HyspIRIAirbornePreparatoryProgram

•  NSF,EAR0309631,EAR0711056,EAR0106349 (HarburgerandRamsey,2011)

Quan%fying ac%ve volcanic processes and migang their ...€¦ · terrestrial hazard studies (work...

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