QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP) MAINS 2021

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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2021

Under the Guidance of M K YADAV

INDEX: ADDITIONAL UPDATES*

1 CASE STUDIES & BEST PRACTICES: INTERNATIONAL 2

2 KEY WORDS 4

3 ‘MODI’-FICATION: FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE PM - Good Governance, India At Global Level, Ethics & Essay

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4 FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE PRESIDENT - Good Governance, Ethics & Essay 7

5 FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE VICE PRESIDENT - Good Governance 7

6 TOPPERS’ ANSWERS (5 QUESTIONS) 8

* Kindly also refer to QEP 2020 (Previous Year) Good Governance Handouts. The QEP 2021 document carries

additional updates to the 2020 handout.

QUALITY ENRICHMENT

PROGRAMME (QEP)

MAINS 2021

THEME:

GOOD GOVERNANCE

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1. NETHERLAND

• DigiD - DigiD stands for Digital Identity. - It is a personal combination of a username and a password built on the unique Dutch social security

number (BSN). - DigiD allows citizens and business to access a large pool of e-government services, ranging from IT

returns to land Records, with the use of a single login code. - Benefits ✓ Consolidated account of all citizen essentials in one place adding to the citizens’ convenience,

security and reliability. ✓ Facilitation of the ‘Whole of Government’ concept for public service delivery.

• My Government - Netherlands ‘My Government’ initiative provides to the Dutch citizens a one stop shop for various

public services like mail access, access to a citizen’s personal data and a citizen’s current affairs at various government departments such as the Tax Office, Land Registry, and municipalities.

- For eg. One can use My Government to get a reminder when their license is about to expire.

• PIANOo & TenderNed - To professionalize End to End procurement and tendering across all the government departments,

with a view to improving efficiency and compliance. - Benefits ✓ Saving in terms of time and cost ✓ Increased transparency ✓ Ease of access for the bidders and suppliers ✓ All government contracts at one single location ✓ Wider reach of government tender notifications resulting increased competition ✓ Reduced paperwork for decreased administrative burden ✓ Uniformity in procurement and reduced margin of error

2. ESTONIA

• Open Government (Disclosure of public sector information, 2010) - Estonia’s legislation requires the government to proactively publish budget documents, audit

reports, lists of civil servants and their salaries, as well as administrative data sets.

• e-Estonia: e-Services for Citizens ➔ e-Lifestyle in Estonia - For citizens of Estonia, e-services have become routine: e-elections, e-taxes, e-police, e-healthcare,

e-banking, and e-school.

• e-Participation Platform TOM - A web-based e-participation application known as TOM – the acronym for “Today I Decide”. - TOM tool is a forum for citizens to discuss legislative proposals, within a ten-day period following

submission, and to vote upon them.

1. GOOD GOVERNANCE: INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES & BEST PRACTICES




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3. AZERBAIJAN

• One stop public service shop - ASAN Centres - One of the innovations used at the centre is the operation of the Exit-poll. This helps find out what

people think about the services. - To ensure transparency, all procedures at the centre are continuously recorded on a video camera. - To enable rational use of time while people wait for their turn, the ‘ASAN centre operates functional

support services such as banks, insurance centres, legal aid, a laboratory, a first-aid station, an internet café, a post office, and a photo studio.

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SNO. KEYWORDS

1 Over-regulated and under-governed

2 Complex regulatory structure

3 Inter-institutional overlaps

4 Monolithic regulatory architecture

5 Light but tight regulation

6 Creative destruction

7 Regulatory cholesterol

8 Black box society

9 Pygmalion effect

10 Cultural nuances of corruption

11 Dichotomy between perception and practice

12 Infodemic

13 Flawed democracies

14 Cartelisation

15 Little governance

16 Systematic rationalization

17 Rent-seeking

18 Meritocratic culture

19 Creeping decentralisation

20 Boutique government

21 Regulatory arbitrage

22 Developmental Loneliness

23 Qualitative and Quantitative isolation

24 Regulatory shield

25 Spill-over-effect

26 Monolithic entity

27 Public tranquillity

28 Policy paralysis

29 Governance deficit

30 Regulatory pyramid

31 Image of entrenched corruption

32 ‘Suited-booted’ Plutocracy

33 Institutionalized corruption

34 Nash Equilibrium

35 Game theory

36 Regulatory capture

37 Implementation deficit

2. GOOD GOVERNANCE: KEY WORDS (ADDITIONAL)




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38 "Light but tight" regulatory approach

39 Information asymmetry

40 Minimum government, maximum governance

41 Two-dimensional bidding process

42 Swiss Challenge

43 Poverty trap

44 Gresham’s law effect

45 Weberian’ ideal

46 Bureaucratic entrepreneurship

47 Plum postings

48 Policed approach

49 Monoculture of propaganda

50 Crass commercialism

51 Libertarian paternalism

52 Swing population

53 Celebrity effect

54 Algorithmic biases

55 Ideology of ‘private is good and the public is bad’

56 ‘Top up the top’ model

57 Departmentalism

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1. Social Welfare for all - We believe in the larger interest and hence all decisions taken are inclusive with the vision of social welfare “sarvjan hitaye, sarvjan sukhaye”.

2. The trust of the common man is the greatest lifeline of victory (for the success of administrative measures).

3. Unified contribution of all (to enhance the capabilities of the nation) - Country progresses when all our citizens from Kashmir to Kanyakumari, from Kutchh to Kamakhya put in their sweat and blood.

4. Improving the ‘ease of living’ in the lives of the common people by simplifying rules and procedures. 5. ‘Monetise & Modernise’ (On Disinvestment): Government has no business to be in business. The

maximum energy, resources and capacity of the government should be employed for welfare works. 6. Role of Private Sector - The days are gone when only government was responsible for national

development. We cannot afford to demean or negate the private activities. 7. Keeping up with the Change - In the wake of the new world order post corona, we have to shun the

regressive mindset of “nothing can change” and “its Ok”. We are marching ahead with the confidence in the capabilities of 130 crore Indians. Sure, there will be millions of problems but then there are billions of solutions too.

INDIA AT GLOBAL LEVEL

1. India giving solutions to the world’s problems - True immortality is to be achieved by creating something of value to the world. Something that will outlive ourselves. (Swami Vivekanand)

2. Indian Democracy – - Many termed India to be a ‘miracle Democracy’. We shattered this illusion too. Democracy is in our

DNA and every pulse reverberates with this spirit in a way. - Spirit of democracy is assimilated in our thoughts, initiatives and efforts. We have been upholding

and consolidating this spirit despite several elections and changes in the regimes. - If democracy anywhere in the world is strong, vibrant and alive, it is in India.

3. Indian Diaspora (‘Model Minority’) - If the world trusts India, one of the important reasons is the Indian diaspora. World over, people have seen our diaspora's accomplishments and through them, seen glimpses of India's glorious culture as well as ethos.

ETHICS AND ESSAY -

1. Swami Vivekananda - He wanted to make India ‘Prabuddha’ or awakened. He wanted to awaken the self-belief that as a

nation, we can aspire for greatness. - He saw India as a cultural consciousness that has been living and breathing for centuries. An India

that only emerges stronger after every challenge. - “The remedy for weakness is not brooding over it, but thinking of strength”. When we are thinking

in terms of obstacles, we get buried in them. But when we think in terms of opportunities, we get the way to move forward. (Can be used for any crises, including COVID & Climate Change crises).

2. Empathy & Compassion – “Earn with hundreds of hands, but share with thousands of hands”. 3. Morale - The challenge may be huge, but our morale is bigger than that. 4. The real acid test is when you face a crisis. (PM Modi used in context of Corona Pandemic).

5. Duty - जननन जन्मभूनिश्च, स्वर्गादनि र्रीयसी - Mother and motherland are superior even to Heaven

3. ‘MODI’-FICATION: FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE PM (UPDATED)




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1. Justice (social, economic and political) - justice can be secured only to the extent that it can be accessed. 2. Chanakya on Self Reliance - A person who implores or begs is considered to be less valuable than even

straw or cotton. - This implies that in order to enhance our relevance or importance, we must minimise our

dependence on others and become self-reliant (Hence, need for AatmaNirbhar Bharat). ETHICS AND ESSAY -

1. Dr. BR Ambedkar on meaning of ‘Social Democracy’ - It means a way of life which recognizes the trinity of liberty, equality and fraternity as the principles of life. To divorce one from the other is to defeat the very purpose of democracy.

2. Ambikagiri Raichaudhuri On ‘Unity’ – India’s grandeur is the ultimate truth. In one single consciousness, one thought, one devotion, one inspiration, let us unite; let us unite.

3. Adversity often plays the role of a great teacher. It makes us stronger and more confident (With that confidence, India has taken great strides in several sectors).

1. The ultimate test of good governance is the quality of life of the people, the happiness quotient, the

wellness quotient, the ease of living index. 2. Good governance becomes a reality when people are seen not merely as recipients of benefits but as

agents of change. 3. Bringing Government and People closer

- The objective of all governments that are elected by people is generally to let the people thrive. - But then, between the intent and the implementation, between the policy and the practice, there

are big gaps. The narrower the gap, the better is the governance. 4. Need for new ‘ease of common man’s interaction with government index’ (as a component of ease of

living index). 5. Speedy Service Delivery - Governance systems should also be redesigned with the principle of ‘trust

based governance’ to cut down on time taken and to improve facilitation. (For eg. Self-attestations, Vivaad se Vishwaas scheme, etc.).

6. Outcome oriented approach to governance - core mantra should be to transform ‘vision to mission’ and ‘mission to implementation’ in the least possible time and in the most efficient way.

7. Focus on liveability - Today, when we are celebrating the International Happiness Day, we need to create conditions that lead to great human happiness. That is ultimately the bottom line.

8. Motto of “Perform, Reform and Transform”, for taking our country to new heights, needs to be synced with ‘’Debate, Discuss and Decide’’ in the legislature instead of disruptions.

9. As ‘Team India’, we must work towards meeting the 21st century aspirations of our citizens, improve their ‘ease of living’ and make Indian governance a global model.

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5. FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE VICE PRESIDENT

4. FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE PRESIDENT




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Q 1)

6. GOOD GOVERNANCE: TOPPERS’ ANSWER




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Q2)




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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP) MAINS 2021

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