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TitleINTRODUCTION WHAT IS QR CODE? HOW DOES QR CODE WORK? BACKGROUND OF QR CODE DEVELOPMENT QR CODE STRUCTURE QR CODE SPECIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF QR CODE WORKING OF QR CODE QR CODE APPLICATIONS SIGNIFICANCE OF QR CODE DOWNSIDES OF QR CODE FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION

What is QR Code?QR Code is a matrix code (or two-dimensional bar code) created by Japanese corporation Denso-Wave in 1994. The "QR" is derived from "Quick Response", as the creator intended the code to allow its contents to be decoded at high speed.

How Does It Work?

Data is translated into QR Code by QR Generator. QR Code is scanned by mobile camera phone having QR Reader Software. Software interprets the code. cell phone displays the text or ask for permission to launch a browser to display the specified web page.

In 1970,IBM developed UPC symbol consisting of 12 digits of no:

The Universal Product Code (UPC) is a linear barcode that is widely used for tracking trade items in stores. In 1974,Code 39 which can encode approx 30 digits of alphanumeric characters was developed Later it led to the development of Code 128,which can encode full ASCII In early 1980s,Multistage symbols were developed, it can encode 100 digits of characters. Egs are Code 16K and code 49. In 1994,Multirow symbols were developed by extending multistage symbols and into matrix symbols where data were arranged in matrix. This matrix code is QR Code, contains 7000 digits of characters at max including Kanji characters.

The history of symbols

The development of the symbols

development of QR Code

QR Code is a matrix type symbol with a cell structure arranged in a square.

It consists of four functionality patterns.

a) FINDER PATTERN: i) for detecting position, size and angle of QR Code ii) arranged at 3 corners b) ALIGNMENT PATTERN i) for correcting distortion of QR Code ii) central coordinate of alignment pattern is identified to correct the distortion iii) black isolated cell placed in this pattern makes it easier to detect central coordinate of the pattern

c) TIMING PATTERN

i) for identifying central coordinate of each cell. ii) It is black and white patterns arranged alternately. iii) for correcting central coordinate of data cell when it is distorted

D) QUIET ZONE i) Margin space is needed for reading QR Code ii) Makes it easier to detect the symbol from the image captured by the camera. iii) Four or more cells necessary for this zone.

E) DATA AREA i) Data is stored here. ii) Data is encoded into binary no's 0s and 1s. iii) Binary no 0 and 1 will be converted into black and white cells and then will be arranged. iv) Has Reed-Solomon codes incorporated for the stored data and the error correction functionality.

a) All-Direction (360) High-Speed Reading

Finder pattern is arranged in 3 corner The Ratio b/w black & white among scan line that runs the finder pattern is always 1:1:3:1:1,when seen from any direction among 3600 surrounding it. By detecting this specific ratio, finder pattern can be detected from image captured by CCD sensor.

Finder Patterns

Identifying a QR Code

b) Resistant to Distorted Symbols How Does a Symbol Get Distorted? When it is attached to curved surface or reader being tilted. To correct this distortion, QR Code has alignment pattern arranged in regular interval in symbol The variance b/w centre position of the alignment pattern estimated from outer shape of symbol & actual centre position of alignment pattern will be calculated to have mappings corrected. This makes it readable.

Correcting Distorted Symbols

c) Data Restoration Functionality (Resistant to Smudged or Damaged Symbols)

QR Code has 4 error correction levels (L,M,Q,H). Error correction is done by utilizing Reed Solomon code which is highly resistant to burst errors Reed-Solomon Code are arranged in the QR Code data area. So by this functionality, even the damaged symbol can be read up to the error error correction level which is configured by the one that creates the symbol.

Smudged/Damaged Symbols

d) Linking Functionality of the Symbols Single symbol can be represented in several symbols by diving it. Each divided symbol will have an indicator showing the no: of symbols to which the original symbol is divided into and in which order the specific symbol would be among all divided ones. Advantages of linking function: Entire data can be edited & submitted to computer regardless of what order the symbols have been read by the reader. If the printing space is not enough for single symbol, it can be divided into several small symbols and printed on that space

Different kinds of QR codes are: Offline Codes & Online Codes. Kaywa has three sorts of online QR Codes: Short Code, URL, and Short Code URL. Generating Codes: can be generated online. For commercial use: http://apc.qrcode.kaywa.com For free use: http://qrcode.kaywa.com Reading Codes The information encoded in a QR-Code can be accessed by scanning the code with a camera phone, using scanning software such as Kaywa Reader. Alternatively, you can type the Short Code in your Kaywa Reader or send QR followed by the Short Code to a dedicated SMS number.

System

B) System

Northwest Airlines Japan

People who took a photo of the code on their mobile phone were taken directly to NWAs website that was purpose-built for the QR Code campaign. QR codes were chosen as the marketing tool and were delivered across a range of outdoor media in Tokyo.

QR Code Application in a Jewellery Shop in France

System Outline Each jewel has a unique ID number to prevent theft and resale and is managed with QR code. QR Code system is also used to create a book with sales and stock records. Merit of Using QR Code A small-sized QR Code has implemented the numbering of small articles like jewellery. Significantly reduced manual handling to manage individual numbers

Rough Guide Travel BookEarthbound: A Rough Guide to the World in Pictures is a coffee-table book with more than 250 photos from all over the world A QR code is printed next to each image and offers a link to the location of whats pictured in the photo, using Google Maps online. Once the codes are scanned, readers are rewarded with a Google map of the spot where the photo was taken From there they can look at a satellite image and bookmark locations so that, should they ever go to the region, the mobile device can provide directions to that loca-tion.

Film Industry

QR codes played heavily into the promotion of both the Tim Burton-produced film 9 and the Tri Star Release District 9. Consumers who have QR code readers on their mobile devic-es were able to scan the code for exclusive clips from the movies, commentary from the director and links to the films websites

Music

For the bands new album, 21st Century Breakdown, Green Day employed QR codes in magazine ads, posters, stickers and more. The QR code directs users to a special mobile site that enables the downloading of exclusive images and videos.

The idea of linking spaces to information is not new, but QR codes combine simple creation with easy access to QR code readers . The several applications itself show its significances

Not everyone is aware of QR codes. As a result, not everyone who sees one will know to pull out a cell phone and take a picture of the matrix . a QR code might direct us-ers to a website that does not display properly on a cell phone.

Welcome to the advertising of the future This is an exciting and thrilling new way to share content digitally. QR stands for Quick Ready, and thats exactly what it does . These codes can be printed on anything, so you could use them on business cards with your contact information. QR codes are also handy for various branding purposes. They can be used to direct mobile phone users to special websites to download brand ads, ring tones, character logos, viral videos, branded flash games and more . Retailers print them on receipts. Event producers employ them to provide exhibit information. Doctor's offices and beauty salons use them to let people make appointments over their mobile phones. In other words, they're a great tool for marketers! Googles URL shortener will now create a QR code for you automatically. Just add a .qr to the end of your Google shortened URL and youll get a QR code you can embed, save or print and use anywhere.

QR codes can store quite complex information in a small matrix. As awareness grows about how useful they are, we can expect to see them in more public venues. Commercial packaging will display codes with detailed nutritional information or links to web-sites where users can play the latest productassociated game or register for updates or coupons. In academic uses, QR codes on student tests could help ensure anonymity in grading. Posted next to artwork or in musical or theatrical programs, QR codes might lead students to open forums where they could join in com-munity discussions about what theyve heard or seen. In scientific endeavors, QR codes could take the place of printed labels; at-tached to lab work, samples, or medication options, they could preserve confidentiality of participant names. QR Codes may presage other applications that use mobile devices to decode