Qhsun Diagram For Unit Three 1 Introduction of the issue.

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Diagram For Unit Three

1

Introduction of the issue

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Paragraph one (Existence of the issue)• What is described in paragraph one?• What is the final problem that is proposed in the

text for mankind to solve?

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Paragraph one

• The final problem for our mankind to solve is the existence of the war.

• How does the author prove the existence of the war?

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Paragraph one

• The author proved the existence of the war by showing the readers the evidences:– Nations are not reduceing but rather increaseing of

arsenals of weapons of mass destruction.– Best brains in highly developed nations of the world

dovoted to military technology.– Proliferation of nuclear weapons does not stopped in

spite of limited tetst ban treaty • (According to this international treaty, the test of nuclear weapon

should be limited in certain area, and be banned in the area of stratosphere.)

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The features of the world

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Paragraph two (The features of the society)• What is described in paragraph two? • What is the real features and characteristics of the

world?

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Paragraph two

• The world in which we have been living have already developed into a civilized society (at least majority of people think so). We have promoted ourselves a lot materially and spiritually.

• But, our spirituality still has the defects and hasn’t been promoted to the standard to eliminate war because we still don’t have the morality and courage to live together as in a family.

• What are our spiritual and material achievements? And what is our spiritual defect?

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Paragraph two

• Our spiritual and material achievements are: – We have dazzling discoveries, novel opportunity, fuller

freedom, loftier dignity.– We have no need to fight for food and land as our

previous generations. • (The above two perspectives show that we have no excuse

for blind craving for power and resources, and that we have our spiritual defect:)

– The spiritual defect of ours is that we do not have the morality and courage to live together in the world of man’s highest technology achievement.

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Paragraph three to six

– The revealing evidences prove that people do not really have the morality and courage to live together as in a family. And these evidences show that now and in recent past, peace could hardly be maintained. In other words, war would be unavoidable.

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The features of the world 3

Evidences prove our spiritual defects

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Paragraph three

• What is the first evidence that shows in this paragraph that human being have the moral defects?

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Paragraph three

• The first evidence produced by the author to the readers is an ambiguity(a doubtful interpretation of practice in reality)– The ambiguity is that everyone in the world talks about

peace as a goal but many of them refuse to do things that make for peace.

• For instance, wielders of powers they don’t think that peace is their business.

• (wielders: those who play with politics and powers so skillfully)

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Cry peace but do nothing making for peace

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Paragraph four

• Call the roll of those who sing the glad tidings of peace and one’s ears will be surprised by the responding sounds. The heads of all the nations issue clarion calls for peace, yet they come to the peace table accompanied by bands of brigands each bearing unsheathed swords.

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Paragraph four

• 当你把所有那些颂唱使人感到愉悦的和平赞歌的人都罗列一下时候，你就会因为他们给你传来的反馈信息而感到惊讶。各国的领导人物一方面喊着动人的和平的呼唤，而另一方面他们带着强盗般的军队箭拨驽张地来到谈判桌边。

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Paragraph four

• What is the second evidence presented in this paragraph that shows it is not possible for us to maintain peace?

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Paragraph four

• The second evidence presented to the readers is the larger power blocs talk passionately of pursuing peace while they: – expend defense budgets that already bulge. – enlarge awesome armies– devise ever more devastating weapons.

• So the fact is super powers in larger power blocs sing glad tidings in words while in deeds they develop arms and arm themselves to teeth in order to benefit them in every aspect, to get lands and resources, even when they come to the peace table.– (To them, power speaks louder than words)

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Paragraph five

• What is the third evidence presented in this paragraph that shows it is not possible for us to realize the world peace?

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Paragraph five

• The world history tells us that it is not possible for us to achieve the world peace because there were no preexisted examples and it was a world fashion to keep to the following rules.– People along the history adored, revered conquerors, not losers.– For conquerors in pursuit of peace, they all came killing. For instan

ce, there were Alexander, Genghis Khan, Julius Caesar, Charlemagne, and Napoleon along the history.

– For conquerors, they all seek for their selfish conception of ideal world existence, seek a world at peace which represents their self-centered dreams or dreams of self-importance.

– There were ironical facts that Hitler and other conquerors along history appeared just because there were preexisted nakedly aggressive expansionist theories. They just follow them, and do it all in the name of peace.

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It is a world fashion to start war in the name of peace

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Paragraph six

– What is the next evidence presented in this paragraph that shows it is not possible for us to realize the world peace?

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Paragraph six

• The world world fashion now tells us that it is not possible for us to achieve the world peace because leaders of nations talk peace while preparing for war. The practice of the United States is a case in point.

– Intervening a civil war– mutilating hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese children with napalm– burning village and rice at random– painting the valleys of that small country red with human blood– leaving in the ditches broken bodies– sending home half-men, mutilated mentally and physically

• So the fact show that they talk peace but they refuse to create the atmosphere for a negotiated settlement. All these remind people of dreadful pictures of wars in the past, of possible nuclear destruction now and of calamitous prospects in the future.

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Actions taken 1

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Paragraph seven to nine (Actions taken 1)• What is the first action to be taken for world

peace?• What is the significance of taking this action?

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Paragraph seven

• The first action taken for the world peace is to narrow the gaping chasm between our proclamation of peace and low deeds which cause war and let war exist forever.

• The significance of taking the action is that we experienced dilemma of military program and of defensive commitment along the history. – (no matter how hard every side developed its military

power, none would be the winner forever. We should learn lessons from history)

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Actions taken 1

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Paragraph eight

• What is the second action taken for the world peace?

• What is the significance of taking this action?

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Paragraph eight

• The second action taken for the world peace is we must pursue the peaceful ends through peaceful means. And we must perceive peace is not only an ends but also a means.

• The significance of this action is because of not taking peace as a means for world peace, and playing at deadly war along the history, we have been hearing plaintive plea from the unnumbered dead and maimed of the past war all the time.

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Actions taken 1

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Paragraph nine

• What is the third action taken for the world peace?• What is the significance of taking this action?

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Paragraph nine

• The third action taken for the world peace is to perceive the significance of the statement “Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind” from Kennedy. The significance of the statement includes:– Wisdom from experience tells us that war is obsolete.– War could be a negative good to prevent the spread the growth of

evil force. But destructive power of modern weapon eliminate anything good about war.

– Life is worth living and man has right to survive• The significance of taking this action is facts tell us that modern weapons

make no winner in a war, and limited war leaves us only calamitous legacy of human suffering, political turmoil and spiritual disillusionment. And the world will become an inferno because of war of any kind.

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Actions taken 2

Actions taken 1

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Paragraph ten

• What is totally new tactic proposed in this paragraph?

• Where is the tactic applied?• What kind evil effects will weapons lead to?

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Paragraph ten

• The new tactic proposed in this paragraph is non-violent philosophy and the author suggested to make it become immediately a subject for study and experimentation in the field of human conflict.

• The places that the tactic and philosophy of non-violence to be applied to is– firstly, between nations;– secondly, nation-states which are the source of making

war, of producing weapons and it is weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and that are both genocidal and suicidal in character.

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Actions taken 2

Actions taken 1

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Paragraph eleven

• When the tactic and philosophy is applied what kind of difficulties we are going to face?

• And when we are faced with weapons we ourselves created what should we adhere to?

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Paragraph eleven

• The first difficulty is we have ancient habit to deal with. The possible ancient habits were

• People adored and revered those heroes, not losers even if they committed genocidal crime.

• People were interested in fame, pride and achievements even if the fame, pride and achievements were earned from military science and technology.

• Conquerors in pursuit of peace they all came in killing.• Almost all talked about peace as a goal, but few really

did anything that made for peace.

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Paragraph eleven

– The possible ancient habits were (continued)• All, for the defensive purpose, promoted arms race,

enlarged army, expended military budget, devised ever more devastating weapons.

• All conquerors in seeking a peaceful world order with their self-centered concept and dreams.

• Power always speaks louder than words.

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Paragraph eleven

• The second difficulty we have is vast structure of powers and indescribably complicated problem to solve.– With historical or geographic or other reasons, nowadays

we have countries big or small, strong or weak, developed or developing, not equal, not balanced in power structure. (Can they ever speak with the same loudness in world affairs, when there is disagreement, conflict between nations, among nations. For instance the conflict between great Britain and Argentina on the island of Malvinas, the conflict between United States and Iraq. )

– And there are other complicated problems exceeding clear descriptions and explanation and solution.

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Paragraph eleven

• When we are faced with weapons we ourselves created, the virtues that we should adhere to is not to abandon our humanity and not to submit ourselves to fear, not to tremble all the time, not to become powerless when facing powers, weapons.

• There are things other than fears that capture more our attention, i.e, to put an end to war and violence between nations. We have, to some extent, put an end to poverty and racial injustice, which was not possible in the past. So it is also possible for us to put an end to war and violence.

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Actions taken 2

Actions taken 1

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Paragraph twelve

• In the road to putting an end to war and violence, what can do?

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Paragraph twelve

• In the road to putting an end to war and violence– we can learn from the preexisted practice exercised by the United

Nations because the United Nations presented an unequivocal attitude of nonviolence direction in world affairs. There the states in conflict, in disagreement will settle their conflict or disagreement by words not by weapons under the intervention of the United Nations;

– we should hold a positive attitude of true nonviolence more than the absence of violence. The true nonviolence is the persistent and determined application of peaceable power to offenses against world community;

– we should examine the uses of nonviolent direct action.

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The most fundamental factors

alternatives

Nonviolence tactics

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Paragraph thirteen

• What is the most important and most fundamental factors in achieving disarmament and world peace?

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Paragraph thirteen

• In achieving the disarmament and world peace the most important and fundamental factors are– the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such

matters;– to undergo a mental and spiritual re-evaluation. This is

a change of focus that will enable us to see things that seem most real and powerful in the past are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence to death;

– to make supreme effort to generate readiness and eagerness to enter into a world of nonviolence, a world whose the builder and maker is God.

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alternatives

Nonviolence tactics


Affirmation of the peace

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Paragraph fourteen

• In the course of eradication of war, what else we should do?

• In order to place emphasis on the affirmation of peace, the author told the reader a story. What is the story?

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Paragraph fourteen

• In the course of eradication of war, we should concentrate on affirmation of peace.

• The story is about Ulysses and Siren in Greek literature.– Siren can sing so sweetly that sailors could not resist steering tow

ard their inland. Result is ships were lured upon rocks, sailors forgot home, duty and honor, and flung themselves into the sea and got drowned.

– Ulysses determined not to succumb himself to the siren• first he tied himself to the mast and stuffed the ears of his cre

w with wax.• second he learned a better way. They took on board the beaut

iful singer Orpheus whose melodies were sweeter than the music of Sirens. So they would not listen to Sirens.

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alternatives

Nonviolence tactics


Affirmation of the peace

Conclusion

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Paragraph fifteen

• What conclusion was drawn in the text?

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Paragraph fifteen

• The conclusion that was drawn in the text is:– we must see peace represent a sweeter music, more

melodious than the inharmonious songs of war;– we must transform the world power struggle, arms race

into a creative contest, to harness man’s genius for the purpose of making peace and prosperity a reality, i.e from arms race to peace race;

– if the above two goals can be reached, we can unlock the tightly sealed door of hope and bring new light into the dark chamber of pessimism.

Qhsun Diagram For Unit Three 1 Introduction of the issue.

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Transcript of Qhsun Diagram For Unit Three 1 Introduction of the issue.