Punishment - Death Penalty

7/21/2019 Punishment - Death Penalty

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Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 8 th

Chapter 20Chapter 20

The DeathPenalty




The Death PenaltyThe Death Penalty

The Debate over Capital Punishment The Death Penalty in America Death Row Population Public Opinion

The Death Penalty and the ConstitutionKey U.S Supreme Court DecisionsContinuing Legal Issues

Who is on Death Row?Who re !hey"Where Was the Crime Committe#"Who Was the Prosecutor"Was Race a $actor"

A Continuing Debate?




capital punishment debatecapital punishment debatethe PRO sidethe PRO side

moral arguments retribution calls %or #eath penalty

utilitarian arguments (deterrence) &'' stu#ies( most))no e*i#ence o% #eterrence(

Peterson !ailey" murder rates were higher in states with death penalty than in ad#acent states without it

$empert" con%irmed no e%%ect &hrich" each e'ecution between ** + prevented

between , - murders+ational ca#emy o% Sciences reanaly,e# #ata - #ismisse#

%in#ings

economic arguments #eath penalty is less epensi*e than li%e

imprisonment




capital punishment debatecapital punishment debatethe CON sidethe CON side

moral arguments capital punishment is not moral state #oes not ha*e the right to ta/e a li%e

utilitarian arguments (deterrence) no con*incing e*i#ence that capital punishment #eters many capital crimes cannot be #eterre#

drug.alcohol/based0 psychological disturbance0 rage economic arguments

#eath penalty more epensi*e than li%e sentencee'tra 0&123''' to prosecute4 0&.12 million to eecute

other arguments mista/es are una*oi#able - irre*ersible #eath sentence impose# in un%air - #iscriminatory way

e.g.3 by race3 5uris#iction3 e*en politics 6see 7ouston8e.g.3 13''' mur#ers to 1 eecution




public opinion: death penaltypublic opinion: death penalty

nearly *.1 Americans support death penalty2ma#ority have supported it since 3allup

survey %irst as4ed about it in *+ only eception was 192' ) 192:

support generally risen over last *5 years important note on survey methodology"

support le*el #epen#s on how ;uestion wor#e# when o%%ere# alternati*e to capital punishment3

many supporters opt %or the alternati*e li%e without possibility o% parole<&'= shi%t to >opposition3? when gi*en this option

li%e0 in addition to restitution to the victim




Comparing Homicide RatesComparing Homicide Ratesand Executions in Fourand Executions in FourStatesStates




76%

24%

% states with death penalty% states with death penalty

NO death penalty

WITH death penalty




Persons Executed in thePersons Executed in theUnited States, 1!"#$""%United States, 1!"#$""%




&ttitudes to'ard the Death&ttitudes to'ard the Death

Penalty (or Persons Con)icted o(Penalty (or Persons Con)icted o(*urder, 1%+#$""%*urder, 1%+#$""%




death penaltydeath penaltyby the numbersby the numbers

6,7 death sentences are pronouncedyearly compare# to &&3''' yearly arrests %or mur#er -

non)negligent manslaughter 8 persons on death row e'ceeds *0,77

:@ women are on #eath row ,66 e'ecutions %rom ,+ / 9uly0 677 yearly e'ecutions generally : ,1 since ,+




Furman v. eor!ia"Furman v. eor!ia" #$2#$2

;2<2 <upreme Court ruled that the deathpenalty0 as administered0 constituted crueland unusual punishment0 in violation o% the

-th Amendment to the ;2<2 Constitution in*ali#ate# #eath penalty laws o% A9 states -D.C.

A: states re)enacte# laws issue returne# to Supreme Court...




re!! v. eor!ia"re!! v. eor!ia" #$&#$&

;2<2 <upreme Court upheld death penalty laws which re;uire# the sentencing 5u#ge or 5ury to ta/e

into account speci%ic aggra*ating an#

mitigating circumstances in #eci#ing whichcon*icte# mur#ers shoul# be sentence# to#eath3 an# which

authori,e# a >bi%urcate#? procee#ing 6trial to#etermine guilt an# a separate hearingeclusi*ely to #etermine penalty8




'cCles(ey v. )emp"'cCles(ey v. )emp" #$*#$*

;2<2 <upreme Court re#ected a constitutionalchallenge (to 3eorgia=s death penalty law)on the grounds o% racial discrimination attorney cite# rigorous research showing the

application o% the #eath sentence in Beorgiawas racially biase#.

Court re5ecte# claim 6:)@ *ote83 ruling( in cases alleging racial discrimination0 de%endant

has to prove decision ma4ers acted with a

discriminatory purpose in that speci%ic case2 statistical evidence showing discrimination

throughout the state was not ade>uate proo%2 cKles/ey eecute# in 1991




le!al issuesle!al issuesre: capital punishmentre: capital punishment

appeals

executionof juveniles

execution of“insane”

execution ofretarded

populations& processes

counsel




Ford v. +ainwri!ht"Ford v. +ainwri!ht" #$*&#$*&

;2<2 <upreme Court ruled the -thAmendment prohibited the state %rome'ecuting the incompetent the accusedmust comprehend both the %act that he hasbeen sentenced to death and reason %or it2 accuse# was #elusional3 claiming KKK was part

o% a conspiracy to get him to commit suici#e Court rule# there is no #eterrent or retributi*e

*alue to eecuting the mentally #isturbe# i#ea is o%%ensi*e to humanity




e,ecution o- uvenilese,ecution o- uveniles

minimum age %or e'ecution varies by state states #onEt speci%y in some3 age is same as 5u*enile >wai*er? age

-1 males on death row who were @ -

(at time o% o%%ense)Thompson v2 4lahoma 0 --

#eci#e# that William !hompson3 1: when hecommitte# mur#er3 coul# not be eecute#

<an%ord v2 Bentuc4y Wil4ins v2 issouri0 - o%%en#ers age# 12 an# 1F can be eecute#




e,ecution o- the retardede,ecution o- the retarded

*+7 o%%enders on death row are retarded the retarded account %or 7 o% e'ecutionsPenry v2 $ynaugh0 -

Supreme Court hel# th men#ment #oes +O!

prohibit eecution o% the mentally retar#e#4 Penry was a con*icte# /iller with an IG o% :2

an# mental capacity o% a F)year)ol#.




//habeas corpushabeas corpuspetition petition

a writ re>uesting a court to review theconditions o% incarceration or thebasis o% detention

habeas corpus is the only means bywhich a %e#eral court can hearchallenges by state inmates to theircon*ictions an#Hor sentences

be%ore an inmate may %ile a complaint in%e#eral court3 he must >ehaust ? all thea#ministrati*e reme#ies that the statecourts ma/e a*ailable to him.




appealsappeals

average time sentence / e'ecution" ,/ - yrs recent moves to limit that interval

cCles/ey *. ant 3 19913 Supreme Court(ecept in eceptional circumstances3 lower

%e#eral courts must #ismiss prisonerEs secon#an# subse;uent habeas corpus petitions. 199A Supreme Court( o%%en#er who presents

belate# e*i#ence o% innocence not necessarilyentitle# to new hearing in %e#eral court4

e*i#ence must be >truly persuasi*e? Anti/Terrorism &%%ective Death Penalty Act0 +

#eath row inmates must %ile habeas corpus petition within one year




counselcounsel

appointed counsel o%ten receive small %ees e.g.3 013''' per case4 0&'Hhr 6lab.84

011.F:Hhr 6iss.8<tic4land v2 Washington0 -10 <upreme Crt"

#e%en#ant has a right to representation thatmeets an >ob5ecti*e stan#ar# o%reasonableness?

accuse# must show >that there is a reasonable probability that3 but %or counselEsunpro%essional errors3 the result o% the

procee#ing woul# ha*e been #i%%erent .?




where e,ecutions happen"where e,ecutions happen"#$& 1 uly" 200##$& 1 uly" 200#




inmates on death rowinmates on death rowby raceby race

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