PUMA Sustainability Handbook - Occupational Health and...

PUMA Sustainability Handbook - Occupational Health and Safety

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At PUMA, we believe that our position as creative leader in the Sports industry gives us the

opportunity and the responsibility to contribute to a better world for generations to come. With

the Forever Faster transformation, Sustainability remains a key value of the PUMA brand.

Faster is how we are working towards a more just and sustainable future, accelerating positive

change in the industry and the world. We believe that by staying true to our values, inspiring

the passion and talent of our people, working in sustainable, innovative ways, and doing our

best to be Fair, Honest, Positive, and Creative, we will keep on making the products our

customers love, and at the same time bring our vision of a better world a little closer every day.

We aim to bring our trading practices in line with the principles of sustainable development.

This means that we do not just want to provide high-quality products, but it is our duty to ensure

that these products are manufactured in workplaces where human rights are respected and

workers’ health and safety as well as the environment are protected.

PUMA takes on the responsibility for everybody involved in the production process, whether a

PUMA employee or not. However, this responsibility cannot replace nor substitute the

responsibility of our vendors within their own manufacturing facilities. Our “Code of Conduct”

expresses the expectations we have of our vendors. It is integrated into our manufacturing

agreement, which delimits the business relationship we share with our partners. PUMA takes

this shared responsibility seriously. We reserve the right to terminate business relations with

any partner who does not respect the letter or the spirit of our Code of Conduct or Corporate

Sustainability Policies.

Only by partnering up with our vendors we will be able to have a positive impact and contribute

to making a better world for the communities we operate in, the workers who make our great

products, our customers and our own employees and, of course, for future generations.

Lars Sørensen Michael Bennett Chief Operating Officer Global Director, SourceCo


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Foreword ................................................................................................................................. 2

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5

SECTION ONE Mission Statement & Occupational Health & Safety Policy ................ 6

1.1 Mission Statement .......................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Sustainability Strategy .................................................................................................... 6

1.3 Sustainability Targets ..................................................................................................... 6

1.4 Occupational Health and Safety Policy .......................................................................... 7

SECTION TWO Occupational Health and Safety Management System ...................... 8

2.1 Management System ..................................................................................................... 8

2.2 Key Performance Indicators on Health and Safety ......................................................... 9

2.3 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment ................................................................. 10

2.4 Control Measures ......................................................................................................... 11

2.4.1 Level 1 Control Measures ...................................................................................... 11



2.5 Health and Safety Committee ...................................................................................... 13

2.5.1 Objectives and Functions ...................................................................................... 13

2.5.2 Health and Safety Committee Training .................................................................. 13

2.6 Incident Investigation and Reporting at Workplace ...................................................... 14

2.6.1 General Introduction .............................................................................................. 14

2.6.2 Incident Investigation ............................................................................................. 14

2.6.3 Recording Information (establishing the circumstances) ....................................... 15

2.6.4 Determining the Causes of an Incident .................................................................. 15

2.6.5 Taking Appropriate Corrective Action .................................................................... 16

2.6.6 Circulating the Results of the Investigation ............................................................ 16

2.6.7 Training.................................................................................................................. 16

SECTION THREE Safety Management ............................................................................ 17

3.1 General Machinery Equipment and Tool Safety ........................................................... 17

3.1.1 Machine Guarding ................................................................................................. 17

3.1.2 Elevators and Lifts ................................................................................................. 18

3.1.3 Powered Industrial Trucks ..................................................................................... 18

3.1.4 Electrical Safety ..................................................................................................... 19

3.1.5 Control of hazardous energy (Lockout/Tag out) .................................................... 20

3.1.6 Permit to Work ....................................................................................................... 21

3.2 Chemical Safety Management. .................................................................................... 23

3.2.1 Chemical safety plan ............................................................................................. 23

3.3 Fire safety .................................................................................................................... 28

3.3.1 Fire equipment: Provision and Maintenance.......................................................... 28

3.3.2 Internal Safety Teams ........................................................................................... 31

3.3.3 Evacuation Drills & Training ................................................................................... 31

3.3.4 Layout, Equipment and Communication ................................................................ 32


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3.4 Emergency Preparedness and Response .................................................................... 34

3.4.1 Natural Disasters ................................................................................................... 34

3.5 Contractor Safety ......................................................................................................... 36

3.5.1 Risk Assessment ................................................................................................... 36

3.5.2 Selection ................................................................................................................ 36

3.5.3 Training.................................................................................................................. 36

3.5.4. Contract ................................................................................................................ 37

3.6 Walking and Working Surfaces .................................................................................... 37

3.6.1 How to Identify Slip/Trip/Fall Hazards .................................................................... 38

3.6.2 How to Control Slip/Trip/Fall hazards .................................................................... 39

3.7 Safety Signage ............................................................................................................. 41

SECTION FOUR Occupational Health and Sanitation Management ..................................... 45

4.1 Workplace Monitoring .................................................................................................. 45

4.1.1 Limit of Substances Hazardous Exposure ............................................................. 45

4.1.2 Limit of Noise Exposure ......................................................................................... 45

4.1.3 Lighting .................................................................................................................. 46

4.1.4 Vibration ................................................................................................................ 47

4.1.5 Extreme Temperatures .......................................................................................... 48

4.2 Ergonomics .................................................................................................................. 49

4.3 Industrial Ventilation ..................................................................................................... 50

4.3.1 General or Dilution Ventilation ............................................................................... 51

4.3.2 Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) ............................................................................ 51

4.4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ......................................................................... 52

4.5 Occupational Health Practice ....................................................................................... 53

4.5.1 Structure of Health Surveillance Program.............................................................. 53

4.5.2 Medical Care ......................................................................................................... 55

4.5.3 First Aid ................................................................................................................. 56

4.6 Welfare Facilities and Sanitation .................................................................................. 57

4.6.1 Sanitation and condition of Welfare Facilities ........................................................ 57

4.6.2 Drinking Water or Portable Water .......................................................................... 58

4.6.3 Toilet Facilities ....................................................................................................... 59

4.6.4 Canteens/Kitchen Facilities ................................................................................... 60

APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................ 60

A. Code of Conduct ....................................................................................................... 61

B. Permit to Work Form and Factory Incident Reporting ............................................... 62

C. Glossary ................................................................................................................... 65

REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 65

TABLE OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ 67


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The protection of the environment, in accordance with established environmental and social standards

has become an important topic in every industry, as well as in society in general. As a signatory of the

United Nations Global Compact, PUMA is committed to setting an example on reducing the impact on

the environment, both from own entities and within the supply chain, as well as, product usage and end

of life. PUMA requires that all our suppliers worldwide fulfil established environmental and social

standards.

While continuously optimizing the production process, PUMA also sets targets to reduce our

environmental footprint and mitigate negative impacts to the world’s ecosystem of our supply chain.

PUMA’s comprehensive and ambitious targets to reduce our environmental impact and become more

sustainable can be encompassed in the PUMA 10FOR20 Sustainability Targets, which are inspired by

the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and aligned with PUMAs majority shareholder,

Kering.

It is the responsibility of our vendors to ensure that all minimum legal requirements concerning labour,

worker health & safety, environment and product safety are fully complied with. However, our standards

may exceed the legal requirements of the national laws of the countries. These standards are explained

in the “PUMA Sustainability Handbooks”. Our guidelines for sustainability and environmental protection

are contained in the handbook “Environmental Standards”, the guidelines for Chemicals and

Restricted Substances are explained in the handbook “Chemical Management”, and finally the

handbooks “Social Standards” and “Occupational Health & Safety” elaborate in detail PUMA’s position

on labour and health and safety.

These four handbooks are subject to continuous updates, so suggestions and comments to improve

are welcome.

PUMA pursues contractual relationships with licensees and factories that have agreed to comply with

the guidelines set out in the PUMA Sustainability Handbooks. All PUMA factories are contractually

bound to pursue only business relationships with subcontractors that are in compliance with these

established guidelines and directives.

As a matter of course, transparency from suppliers is a minimum expectation. PUMA’s sustainability

team will work with suppliers to help address the root causes of non-compliance (for example via

various training and development projects) and this can only be done within a transparent context. Any

indication of false documentation or coaching of workers may have serious repercussions on the

business relationship with PUMA.

Legal Disclaimer:

The content of this handbook is not meant to replace local or national regulations, nor will following the

handbook guarantee all regulations are complied with. It remains the sole responsibility of our own

entities, vendors and their subcontractors to ensure compliance with all local and national regulations

at all times.


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1.1 Mission Statement

PUMA’s mission Forever Faster is to be the fastest sports brand in the world. Faster is how PUMA SE

will work towards a more just and sustainable future, accelerating positive change in the industry and

the world. PUMA SE considers the best interest and welfare of the workers who make PUMA SE

products, the consumer and general public who uses our products and the environment that provides

the resources to make our products. PUMA SE aims to do this while striving to make our business

profitable in order to continuously provide the best benefits for all of our stakeholders.

1.2 Sustainability Strategy

In line with our “Forever Faster” transformation, PUMA has refined its

global sustainability strategy to balance the Economic, Social and

Environmental dimensions of sustainability (Figure 1) to achieve

sustainable business development. The new strategy includes a drive

to mainstream sustainability, create positive impact and ensure

industry alignment.

1.3 Sustainability Targets

Figure 2: PUMA 10for20 Sustainability Targets including the Health & Safety Target

Figure 1: Three dimensions of PUMA Sustainability

Strategy


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PUMA targets to reduce our environmental impact and become more sustainable are

encompassed in the PUMA 10FOR20 Sustainability Targets which are inspired by the United

Nations Sustainable Development Goals and alimented with PUMA’s majority shareholder,

Kering (See Figure 2). With the 10FOR20 targets we will create positive sustainability impact

within 10 focus areas.

Following a lifecycle approach starting from product design, we are setting a strong focus on

sourcing significant volumes of more sustainable raw materials. PUMA also encourage its

supplier chain to adopt Industry Good Practice in manufacturing processes and eventually

Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemical by 2020. Leading by example, PUMAs owned and

operated entities are obliged to meet equally ambitious reduction targets as those set for

established for suppliers.

In addition, corporate environmental accounting is used to quantify the external damage and

benefits caused by PUMA’s business activities. The PUMA Environmental Profit & Loss

Account not only puts a price tag on nature’s services, but also provides a useful tool to identify

where the largest environmental impacts lie and consequently how those can be optimized.

Acknowledging that we have mainly focused on environmental targets within our own sphere

of influence for the period from 2010 to 2015, we have now balanced this with adding health

and safety, human rights and governance targets for 2020 as well as shifting our focus deeper

into the supply chain.

Our PUMA Code of Conduct (Appendix A) lists our explicit requirements towards our own

entities as well as our vendors and their subcontractors. Maintaining good occupational health

and safety practices form an integral part of this Code of Conduct, which is closely monitored

by the PUMA Sustainability Team on a regular basis through compliance audits and other

means. For more details on this monitoring systems and our compliance audit process, please

refer to the PUMA Sustainability Handbook Social Standards.

1.4 Occupational Health and Safety Policy

PUMA, its vendors and their subcontractors, provide all employees with safe and healthy workplaces

and make any necessary effort to avoid damage to employee’s health. Likewise employees are

expected to support this OHS policy, as well as, follow all applicable laws and regulations related to

health and safety.

A safe workplace has a very high priority within PUMA. Bearing in mind that work accidents cause

personal tragedy and financial loss for the company, our aim is to have zero accidents for our own

operations as well in the contracted supplier production facilities of our supply chain.

Health and safety is a shared responsibility. It is the duty of each employee to immediately report to

their manager any hazardous conditions, injuries, accidents or illnesses related to the workplace.

PUMA encourages employees to play an active role in identifying hazards and to offer suggestions or

ideas to improve health and safety.


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We recognize that it requires permanent efforts to keep a safe and healthy work environment and we

are committed to continuously improving our performance. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

Committees are set up to monitor health and safety conditions and prevent accidents before they

happen. Where these committees are required by local law, the establishment, constitution and

maintenance of such should conform or exceed local requirements as necessary.

Management has specific responsibility for:

Providing a safe and healthy working environment for the employees in their department;

Proactively identifying and addressing hazards in a timely manner;

Making health and safety a top priority;

Regularly instructing their staff on OHS aspects and document these instructions.

Management is supported by the OHS committees and OHS specialists such as OHS engineers and

industrial medicine practitioners who carry out regular checks as deemed necessary to satisfy local law

and where necessary exceed it to achieve the aim of having zero accidents or work-related illnesses.

PUMA ensures that the OHS performance is monitored on a regular basis to document that our OHS

Policy and procedures meet our needs.

2.1 Management System

PUMA expects all owned entities as well as its Vendors and their subcontractors to implement an

Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS). An OHSMS is a set of procedures

and practices which can help to take control of the OHS program by using a consistent and systematic

approach. Management systems may be internally or externally certified, for example according to the

standard OHSAS 18001. The level and detail of the management systems used depends on the size

and complexity of the organization covered.

Generally, management systems follow a Plan- Do- Check -Act model and embody the principle of

continuous improvement.

The OHSMS must include (at least) the following elements:

An OHS Policy which includes clear goals.

An organizational structure with clear authorization to act on all health & safety issues as necessary (OHS committee, OHS team with clear responsibilities, etc.)

A risk assessment on occupational health and safety hazards and a corrective action plan to address issues found.

A program of implementation for various health & safety concerns

Communication and training of staff in OHS issues

Measurement of performance against established standards or regulations, collection of KPIs (tracking and reporting).

Continuous improvement goals and practices


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When an OHSMS is in place it is possible to:

Control risks which may result in accidents;

Reduce costs involved in cutting down errors and the costs of correcting them;

Comply with all legal obligations and therefore commit less or no offenses to the regulation;

Communicate the factory’s active commitment to doing things right, improving morale and

relations with the workers, as well as public authorities and business partners;

Fulfil PUMA Sustainability standards on OHS and associated reporting of Key Performance

Indicators.

Both management and employees have to be actively involved in the planning, practice and evaluation

of the OHSMS. A strong commitment from the upper-management is needed to implement the system.

The Health and Safety Committee (HSC) plays a very important role in the effective implementation of

the OHSMS. It links the efforts of the safety representatives (e.g. industrial health practitioners, OHS

expert) and employees in order to ensure a safe environment.

Figure 3: Plan Do Check Act

2.2 Key Performance Indicators on Health and Safety

Besides ensuring compliance to legal as well as PUMA and industry standards, the tracking of relevant

KPIs will enable an organization or factory to track performance over time. For this purpose, PUMA

requires to track the following KPIs and monitor their trend over time:

- Number of total accidents with work stoppage per year

- Number of fatal accidents per year

- Number of reportable occupational diseases per year

- Injury Rate (rate of injuries with work stoppage per 100 full time employees and year)

• Implement the procedures.

•Communicate the policy.

•Train employees,

•conduct Drills.

•Provide material and PPE

•Conduct internal controls to

•Monitor and measure

•Use external and internal

•Audits results.

•Manage KPIs

•State the OSE Policy.

• Include legal requirements ents.

•Conduct risk assessments.

•Set objective and goals

•Perform management reviews.

• Implement corrective and prevention actions.

•Keep updatedAct Plan

DoCheck


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Additional Health and Safety KPIs that may be of interest and definitions of the terms incident, accident,

reportable diseases and injury rate are defined in Glossary (Appendix C).

2.3 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

The risk assessment is an important tool to protect employees, and businesses in general, as

reasonably as possible. It helps to focus on the risks with the highest potential to cause harm, so that

the most important things are solved firstly. Larger factories or factories with complex industrial

processes should consider securing the help of a qualified OHS engineering firm to conduct their risk

assessment. Normally the assessment follows these steps:

Identification of the hazard (walking around the whole premises, listening to employees

concerns, looking at machines, the building structure and the Chemical Inventory as well as

identifying existing problems through studying the accident log and health records). Each

hazard should be studied to determine its level of risk.

Identification of who might be harmed and how.

Evaluation of the risk (% of workers exposed, frequency of exposure, degree of harm likely to

result) and existing preventive measures (what is already in place and what is missing to

eliminate or control the risk).

As extreme weather events and unstable social conditions occur with greater frequency and intensity,

it is important that such external factors are also included in the exercise of risk assessment to ensure

that the factory can develop appropriate responses.

Gravity of potential damages:

1. Low – Accident or disease without work stoppage

2. Medium – Accident or disease with work stoppage

3. Serious – Accident or disease leading to a permanent partial incapacity

4. Extreme – Fatal accident or disease

Exposure frequency of the workers:

1. Rare or unlikely – Exposure about once per year

2. Possible - Exposure about once per month

3. Frequent - Exposure about once per week

4. Very frequent – Daily or permanent exposure

The priority of hazards can be determined at the following chart:

Gra

vity o

f da

ma

ges

Extreme 4

PRIORITY 2 (4)

PRIORITY 2 (8)

PRIORITY 1 (12)

PRIORITY 1 (16)

Serious 3

PRIORITY 3 (3)

PRIORITY 2 (6)

PRIORITY 1 (9)

PRIORITY 1 (12)

Medium 2

PRIORITY 3 (2)

PRIORITY 2 (4)

PRIORITY 2 (6)

PRIORITY 2 (8)

Low 1

PRIORITY 3 (1)

PRIORITY 3 (2)

PRIORITY 3 (3)

PRIORITY 3 (4)

Frequency of exposure 1 2 3 4

Rare or unlikely Possible Frequent Very frequent


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After the hazard identification and risk classifications the findings and counter measures to mitigate the

risk are documented in a formal Risk Assessment Report. Actions are defined to be implemented

according to the hazards’ priority, costs, and time required for its implementation (considering that

preventive costs are lower than repair-cost). Please refer to the hierarchy of risk control chart below.

Most national regulations require that hazards are managed in conformance to this hierarchy.

Elimination of a hazard must be the first priority as it is the most effective control. If this is not reasonably

practicable, risk must be minimized by working through the other alternatives in the hierarchy.

2.4 Control Measures

2.4.1 Level 1 Control Measures

The most effective control measure involves eliminating the hazard and associated risk. The best way

to do this is by, firstly, not introducing the hazard into the workplace. For example, you can eliminate

the risk of a fall from height by doing the work at ground level. Risk can also be eliminated by removing

the hazard completely, for example, by removing trip hazards on the floor or disposing of unwanted

chemicals.

Eliminating hazards is often cheaper and more practical to achieve at the design or planning stage of

a product, process or place used for work. In these early phases, there is greater scope to design out

hazards or incorporate risk control measures that are compatible with the original design and functional

requirements. For example, a noisy machine could be designed and built to produce as little noise as

possible, which is more effective than providing workers with personal hearing protectors.

It may not be possible to eliminate a hazard if doing so means that you cannot make the end product

or deliver the service. If you cannot eliminate the hazard, then eliminate as many of the risks associated

with the hazard as possible.


If it is not reasonably practicable to eliminate the hazards and associated risks, risks should be

minimized using one or more of the following approaches:

Substitute the hazard with something safer - For instance, replace solvent-based paints with water-

based ones.

Isolate the hazard from people - This involves physically separating the source of harm from people by

distance or using barriers. For instance, install guard rails around exposed edges and holes in floors;

use remote control systems to operate machinery; store chemicals in a fume cabinet.

Use engineering controls - An engineering control is a control measure that is physical in nature,

including a mechanical device or process. For instance, use mechanical devices such as trolleys or

hoists to move heavy loads; place guards around moving parts of machinery; install residual current

devices (electrical safety switches);


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These control measures do not control the hazard at the source. They rely on human behaviour and

supervision, and used on their own, tend to be least effective in minimising risks. Two approaches to

reduce risk in this way are:

Use administrative controls - Administrative controls are work methods or procedures that are designed

to minimise exposure to a hazard. For instance, develop procedures on how to operate machinery

safely, limit exposure time to a hazardous task, and use signs to warn people of a hazard.

Use personal protective equipment (PPE) - Note that PPE use is considered the least reliable and

provides lowest levels of protection. PPE use is vulnerable to human error and should be considered

the last resort.

Reviewing the assessment and continuously update it (setting one fixed date for evaluation and

updating with every new equipment, substances, job positions and procedures introduced).

Table 1: Risk assessment chart example

It is possible to formalize the results of the risk assessment in a chart like in the following example:

For additional guidance on risk assessment methodologies and tools that maybe useful for your specific

needs, please refer to local health & safety authorities specializing in this area or refer to the section

on international resources at the back of this manual.

Working area: (Name of the analysed area) Date: XX / XX / XXXX Drafter: (Name – Function) Number of concerned employees: (Total number of employees exposed to the hazard)

Hazardous situations

Potential damages

Risk’s gravity

Risk’s exposure frequency

Priority Existing

preventive measures

Actions to implement

Name the activity / workplace / machine with potential to cause harm.

Describe which type of harm (s) could be caused.

Define in numeric terms from 1 to 4 as from step 3.



Describe which measures are already in place to protect the employee.

Which actions will be implement to reduce / control the risk?

Sewing machine (single-stitch, overlock)

Puncture finger of machine operator

Medium 2

Frequent 3

Priority 2

Needle guards on sewing machines

Train workers; regularly monitor completeness of guards on machines

The risk assessment should be kept suitable and sufficient, not overcomplicated!








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2.5 Health and Safety Committee

2.5.1 Objectives and Functions

Safety Committees have the function of keeping control over the measures taken to ensure the safety

and health of the employees at workplace. In carrying out this function, safety committees ought to

establish agreed objectives or terms of reference. An objective should be the promotion of co-operation

between employers and employees in initiating, developing and carrying out measures to ensure the

safety and health of the employees at work.

To ensure continuous improvement and permanent monitoring, a Health and Safety Committee should

be founded in every factory and comprise of:

Chairman (Managerial Level)

Members (Department/Section Heads, Workers representative, Health Officer or Company

Physician, Safety Officer)

Where local regulations specify a specific composition of members, the prescribed composition would

be considered a minimum requirement.

Within the agreed basic objectives specific functions can be defined. These might include:

The provision of a link with the Occupational Safety and Health Branch of the Labour

Department. Secure the necessary health and safety permits and ensure that all relevant

standards are complied with;

The safety officer shall conduct regular safety inspections and ensure that all hazards are

eliminated/controlled. Adequacy of safety and health communication and awareness building

systems in the workplace;

The study of accident and workplace illness statistics and trends, so that reports can be made

to management on unsafe and unhealthy conditions and practices, together with

recommendations for corrective action. Keep records of accidents and illnesses and relevant

activities in the factory;

Conduct regular meetings at least once every three months with recorded meeting minutes.

Where the local requirement is less frequent than this, the Puma requirement applies;

Develop training programs for all employees such as firefighting, emergency evacuation, first

aid and others;

Organizing safety promotional activities such as safety competitions, exhibitions, film shows,

safety incentive schemes and safety suggestions.

2.5.2 Health and Safety Committee Training

Members of the health and safety committee will need training to enable them to carry out their role

and responsibilities effectively. Such training may include:

Health and safety basics

Hazardous materials

Hazard identification

Workplace inspection


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Effective meeting

Problem solving

Refresher training

2.6 Incident Investigation and Reporting at Workplace

2.6.1 General Introduction

An incident is an unplanned event that does not result in personal injury but may result in property

damage or is worthy of recording. All incidents must be reported appropriately according to PUMA and

company reporting procedures. These incidents include but are not limited to:

fatalities (to anybody);

a major injury (to employees);

a person not at work (e.g. a member of the public) being taken immediately from the scene to

hospital for treatment;

employees contracting certain diseases;

A specific dangerous occurrence

In case of incident an assessment should be carried out to determine what the first aid needs actually

are. The assessment should identify whether first aides are required. If it is decided that they are not,

employers must, as a minimum, provide ‘appointed persons’ who will take charge in the event of an

injury or illness, and be responsible for the first aid equipment.

2.6.2 Incident Investigation

As well as setting up a system to report incident you should also ensure that arrangements are put into

place to investigate their causes and take corrective action where necessary. The benefits from

investigating incident include:

Reduced likelihood of a similar incident occurring;

Fulfilment of statutory obligations to report the incident, where applicable;

Development of effective monitoring procedures and assistance in decision-making, planning

and future resource allocation;

Provision of feedback in the development of safe systems of work.

The company policy should, therefore, be to investigate:

All accidents and dangerous occurrences (an accident that resulted in a minor injury could

often have easily caused a more serious injury);

All cases of reportable diseases. Reportable diseases are diseases considered to be of great

public health importance

As many near misses as possible (a near miss incident could have been an accident and

should therefore be investigated).

This will allow the company to:

Establish the circumstances surrounding the incident;


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Draw conclusions as to the causes;

Consider appropriate action to prevent a recurrence.

2.6.3 Recording Information (establishing the circumstances)

Gather as much factual information as possible early on in the investigation. This typically should

include:

The names of persons involved, including witnesses;

The personal details of the injured person (and/or details of ill-health or damage to plant) and

the extent of the injuries/damage/ill-health;

The type of work being performed;

The exact location of the incident: photographs, sketches and/or plans may prove useful;

The time and date of the incident;

The working conditions at the time of the incident (e.g. weather, ground conditions, lighting,

etc.);

Interviews with the injured persons and witnesses: it is important that interviews are carried out

as soon as possible to ensure accuracy;

How the incident occurred, including probable causes.

The investigation of notifiable accidents should always be carried out right after the occurrence of the

accidents. Supporting material such as sketches, photographs and written statements should be

attached into the accident investigation report

2.6.4 Determining the Causes of an Incident

Once the necessary information has been gathered on the circumstances surrounding the incident, the

investigator will then need to determine the causes. It is important to look beyond the immediate cause

of an accident in order to identify the contributory and underlying causes.

In general, the immediate or direct causes of incidents usually relate to:

a) An unsafe condition in the workplace such as poor housekeeping, defective machinery,

inadequate lighting, ineffective control measures; and/or

b) Unsafe acts carried out by employees such as failure to use personal protective equipment or

using unauthorized equipment, etc.

These immediate causes often arise as a result of one or more contributory or underlying causes which

generally relate to the working arrangements in place and the way the organization is run, usually

relating to management control. Examples include unsafe systems of work, an inadequate safety policy

and a lack of training.

All causes of the accidents, when identified, should be entered in the report form (PSAccident- 001 &

PS-Accident-002) (see Annex for the form).


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2.6.5 Taking Appropriate Corrective Action

Attempt should be made to identify suitable corrective actions for all the causes identified. In some

cases, it may be possible to remedy the cause immediately, such as replacing a missing machine

guard, disposing of a hazardous chemical, repairing defective Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV), etc.

When it has been decided on what corrective actions are required, the details should be entered in the

report form (PS-Accident-001 & PS-Accident-002).

The corrective actions should be completed within the time-limits recorded in the report form and when

they are completed, the completion date should also be entered.

It is recommended that some form of review is made of any actions taken to ensure that it has been

correctly implemented and is effective.

2.6.6 Circulating the Results of the Investigation

To obtain the full benefits of the investigation, the results should be circulated to those persons who

may need to act on them and to those who might find them of interest and of use.

This could include:

Managers and supervisors including not only those working in the area where the incident

occurred, but also those in other departments where similar work processes are carried out or

similar equipment used, etc.;

Personnel staff including those responsible for implementing new training arrangements and

changes in job descriptions, etc.;

Other relevant persons including safety representatives, safety committee members and safety

advisers, where appointed.

PUMA Sourcing/Production management located at or otherwise not located but responsible

for the factory.

PUMA Sustainability Team

2.6.7 Training

If the accident reporting and investigation procedures are to be successful, all persons involved must

be competent to carry out their roles:

employees must be informed of the reporting procedure, the location of the accident book and

how entries are made in it;

Supervisors and managers must be informed of their roles and responsibilities in an

investigation and, if applicable, their role in accident notification under local laws and

regulations.

Suitable training must then be provided to ensure that these duties will be properly carried out.

For more serious or complex incidents, a member of senior management or an external safety specialist

may need to be involved.


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During accident investigation training it is important to emphasize that the overall purpose is to establish

the circumstances surrounding an accident and to identify measures that would help prevent a

recurrence, not to allocate blame.

3.1 General Machinery Equipment and Tool Safety

3.1.1 Machine Guarding

Moving machine parts have the potential for causing severe workplace injuries. Therefore, any machine

part, function, or process that may cause injury must be safeguarded. When the operation of a machine

or accidental contact with it can injure the operator or others in the vicinity, the hazards must be either

controlled or eliminated.

Examples of preventative measures are:

Designing the machine to have no dangerous parts or no exposed dangerous parts. The

following items are listed in order of preference, and may be used in combination:

o Eliminating the cause of the danger;

o Reducing or eliminating the need for people to approach the dangerous part(s) of the

machine;

o Making access to the dangerous parts difficult (or providing safety devices so that

access does not lead to injury);

o The provision of protective clothing or equipment;

o Fail-safe mechanism is in place to protect the operators.

Making any dangerous parts of the machine inaccessible to people. To do this the guarding

system should incorporate the following principles:

o Select the appropriate guard for the particular machine;

o Ensure that the guard cannot be removed or defeated;

o Ensure that the guard does not constitute a secondary hazard;

o Preference should always be given to the simplest type of guard, that is, a fixed guard

with no moving parts.

Training the machine operators (and all personnel who may approach the machine) in the

appropriate operating safety procedures. Ensuring that the operators understand the

procedures and that they use them at all times.

Safeguards must meet the following minimum general requirements to protect a worker against

mechanical hazards:

The safeguard must prevent hands, arms, and any other part of a worker’s body from making

contact with dangerous moving parts;

Workers should not be able to easily remove or tamper with the safeguard;

The safeguard should ensure that no objects can fall into moving parts;

Create no new hazard;

Create no interference


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Fixed guards provide the highest standard of protection, and should be used, where practical, where

access to the dangerous area is not required during normal operation. The following gives guidance on

the selection of safeguards:

Where access to the danger area is not required during normal operation:

o Fixed guard, where practical

o Distance guard

o Trip device

Where access to the danger area is required during normal operation:

o Interlocking guard

o Automatic guard

o Trip device

o Adjustable guard

o Self-adjusting guard

o Two-hand control

3.1.2 Elevators and Lifts

Elevator means a permanent hoisting and lowering mechanism with a car or, platform moving vertically

in guides and serving two or more floors of a structure. The term excludes such devices as conveyors,

tiring or piling machines, material hoists, skip or furnace hoists, wharf ramps, lift bridges, car lifts and

dumpers.

Valid safety inspection certificate or copy should be posted in each elevator.

Each elevator should have a sign indicating if it is intended for passenger or freight use and its

load capacity.

Elevator Use Safety Tips should be posted in each elevator and appropriate warning signage

regarding the dangers of using elevators during emergency situations (e.g. "in case of

fire/emergency do not use") should be posted outside the elevator door at each level.

Elevators should have doors, and the doors should be equipped with interlock devices that

prevent the door from opening unless the elevator is present.

Elevators should be wired to be inoperable when the doors are open.

Emergency call device or other communications tools should be installed in each elevator.

3.1.3 Powered Industrial Trucks

Powered industrial trucks, commonly called forklifts or lift trucks, are used in daily operation, primarily

to move materials. They can be used to move, raise, lower, or remove large objects or a number of

smaller objects on pallets or in boxes, crates, or other containers for short distances.

Understand the characteristics and capacity of the forklift thoroughly and never overload it.

Travel only at a safe speed, particularly over uneven ground. Respect speed limitations.

Forklift should not be used as a crane unless the correct accessory is fitted and the weight of

the object plus accessory is less than the capacity of the truck.


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Never raise or lower the forks while moving (CDC 20011)

Only use the allowed roadways when travelling in order to reduce the risk of colliding with

people.

Forklift should have warning lights and audible signals for reverse travel.

Forklift should be equipped with rollover protection, protection against falling objects, and seat

belts or other restraints for the operator.

Prohibit workers under 18 years of age from operating forklift trucks in non-agricultural

operations.

3.1.4 Electrical Safety

Electricity, if not inspected, can lead to serious work place hazards exposing employees to

electrocution, electric shock, electrical burns, fire, fall and explosions

Some general rules should be observed when dealing with electrical safety:

Only authorized personnel, licensed for electrical work, are permitted to repair, adjust, test or

service electrical equipment. In certain regions, this would entail that the factory hire an external

certified contractor.

Follow applicable local and national codes and regulations at all times. Live electrical equipment

or electrical component parts must be grounded, isolated or provided with some other means

of protection to prevent potential exposure to employees.

All electrical equipment must be in safe condition before using. Remove defective equipment

by maintenance department until it is repaired or replaced.

Personal portable electrical equipment, such as heaters, etc. must be approved prior to use.

Do not overload electrical equipment or electrical outlets. Only use approved extension cords

and outlets.

Only use extension cords that are intended for the equipment and conditions associated with

the operation. Cords must be grounded and inspected prior to use to assure proper grounding.

Electrical devices like junction boxes and distribution panels must be closed, undamaged and

not be misused for direct connection with machines.

Wires must be well insulated, replaced if damaged, protected against mechanical damage and

damage from heat where necessary.

Clear warning sign should be erected at high voltage area to avoid any “non-authorized access”

and “improper storage inside the high voltage area”. Warning signs should be installed on all

equipment and facilities required by law.

Regular maintenance and inspection program should be carried out for all electrical equipment.

The frequency of inspections depends on the local country regulations, type of equipment, the

environment it is used in and the frequency of use. Related maintenance records /external

inspection reports should be kept as required.

1 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2001-109/default.html


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All employees must be trained in

electrical safety rules and reporting

procedures for electrical deficiencies.

3.1.5 Control of hazardous energy

(Lockout/Tag out)

"Lockout/Tag out (LOTO)" refers to

specific practices and procedures to

safeguard employees from the

unexpected re-energizing or start-up of

machinery and equipment, or the

release of hazardous energy during

service or maintenance activities.

Factories must have a written lock-out/tag-out and maintenance procedures to keep

maintenance personnel and equipment operators safe during operations such as lubricating,

clear or un-jamming of machines, needle changes, or changing of dies or machine parts.

Each piece of machinery or equipment must have its own electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic

disconnect switch or valve so that the individual machine or piece of equipment can be

isolated from the others.

General Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedure

Figure 4: Lock out/Tag out procedure

Developing and implementing a written prevention program at least including the following:

Target identification,

complete proper application process

Notify all related workers

Shutdown Equipment

Isolate all associated energy sources/discharge the stored energy

Block and/or restrict all

machine parts

Lock/Tag all related parts

Test to make sure equipment is

isolated and de-energized

Repairs and/or

adjustments

Restore equipment to

service

Replace all covers and safety

devices.

Inspect equipment/all

tools

Verify all workers are clear of the

equipment

Remove locks and tags

Turn equipment energy source(s) back to the “ON”

position

Test equipment again.

Notify affected workers and all other workers

Written prevention program

Identify all activities related

Ensure to train all related workers

Evaluate program

each year

Perform by authorized

worker only

Monitor authorized

workers

Provide standard-

ized devices


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Training must ensure that employees understand the purpose, function, and restrictions of the energy-

control program. Employers must provide training specific to the needs of "authorized," "affected," and

"other" employees.

"Authorized" employees are those responsible for implementing the energy-control procedures or

performing the service or maintenance activities. They need the knowledge and skills necessary for the

safe application, use, and removal of energy-isolating devices.

"Affected" employees (usually machine operators or users) are employees who operate the relevant

machinery or whose jobs require them to be in the area where service or maintenance is performed.

All other employees whose work operations are or may be in an area where energy-control

procedures.

3.1.6 Permit to Work

Normally there are four types of “Permit to work”

"Authorized" employees

•Hazardous energy source recognition;

•The type and magnitude of the hazardous energy sources in the workplace; and

•Energy-control procedures, including the methods and means to isolate and control those energy sources.

"Affected" employees

•Recognize when the energy-control procedure is being used,

•Understand the purpose of the procedure, and

•Understand the importance of not tampering with lockout or tagout devices and not starting or using equipment that has been locked or tagged out.

All "other" employees

• Instruction regarding the energy-control procedure

•The prohibition against removing a lockout or tagout device and attempting to restart, reenergize, or operate the machinery


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It recognizes that certain environmental conditions within “Permit-required Work” area are capable of

causing serious injury and/or death to anyone who enters the spaces without taking proper

precautionary measures.

Factory has established a permit authorization system to ensure that all hazards are evaluated and that

appropriate safety measures and controls are taken prior to and during each entry into “Permit-required

Work” area. (See Appendix B)

Each cancelled/completed permit and relating documents as permit-required work training, incident,

medical, and risk assessment shall be documented and retained for one year by the department

conducting or supervising the entry to allow for auditing of the program’s effectiveness.

Training

All employees who are authorized as permit-required work supervisors, attendants and operators, sub-

contractor personnel shall be trained and certified in these operating procedures. The training shall be

performed upon initial assignment of personnel and refresher training will be conducted annually. The

training can be conducted by the department manager/supervisor or can be coordinated through the

Safety Department. The training shall include: a) Definition of a permit-required work; b) Hazards and

control measures; c) Work procedures; d) Responsibilities of the entrant and attendant; and e.

Rescue/Emergency procedures.

•large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work;

•Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit ( for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that have limited means of entry.);

•not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

Confined space

•Any process that can be a source of ignition when flammable material is present or can be a fire hazard regardless of the presence of flammable material in the workplace.

•Common hot work processes are welding, soldering, cutting and brazing. When flammable materials are present, industrial processes such as grinding and drilling become hot work processes.

Hot work

•Work in any place over 6 feet

Working at height

•Any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the Earth’s surface formed by earth removal.

•*Each employee proceed excavation work or work nearby shall be protected from a cave-in/fall-in by an adequate protective system.

Excavation work


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3.2 Chemical Safety Management2.

Every worker has both the need and the right to know the hazards and identities of substances /

chemicals they are exposed to, when at work. It is important to implement a documented chemical

safety plan, no matter the number of chemicals used at the factory or their levels of hazard.

Perform Hazard Assessment:

Prior to the usage of new chemicals, assessment of potential hazards must be completed. Specific

guidelines and protection procedures should be developed based on the assessment. The result of

the assessment should be documented and communicated to specific workers whose work involved

the chemicals. Supervisors should develop and promulgate process specific guidelines and

protective procedures. If not conducted yet, hazard assessment needs to be completed,

documented and communicated.

Minimize Chemical Exposures :

In order to minimize risk to chemical exposures, several steps of control measure should be taken,

including: substitution (wherever possible), engineering controls, administrative controls and the

usage of proper personal protective equipment.

Provide Adequate Ventilation :

The best way to prevent exposure to airborne substances is to prevent their escape into the working

atmosphere by use of exhaust fans, hoods and other ventilation devices. All workstations where

chemicals are used (like spot cleaning) must be isolated (by way of providing a separate enclosure)

and should be strategically located near windows or other openings. Exhaust air must be completely

removed from the workplace into the outside or filtered.

3.2.1 Chemical safety plan

The major elements of a chemical safety plan are discussed below.

Procurement and distribution

Whenever a request for procurement (replacement or replenishment) of chemical is raised the

following should be confirmed (with internal staff and vendor, as required).

o Assurance that the vendor will choose the chemical with least hazardous, amongst available

options, for this process

o Where it is going to be used

o Assurance that engineering controls, if required, are adequate

o Containers without adequate labels, identifying the contents of the container and associated

hazards, should not be accepted. Chemicals will be issued to authorize requestors only.

2 Please refer also to the PUMA Handbook on Chemicals Management and its provisions regarding following the Manufacturing Restricted Substances List of the ZDHC as well as the target of Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals by 2020


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o Appropriate equipment like hand pumps should be used to transfer chemicals from one

container to the other. Crude methods like pouring from container to container directly using

hose without suction arrangement can lead to spillage / exposure and should be strictly

avoided.

Chemical Storage

o Chemicals should be stored in a location earmarked for the purpose and the said location

should comply with the guidelines provided below (according to the size of the chemical storage

room).

Emergency lighting

o Chemical storage area shall be provided with adequate emergency lights with a minimum of

one hour individual battery backup.

o Floors and aisles

Floor finish should be anti-slip and made impermeable.

Protected against spillages to the outside, ground or groundwater.

Aisles should be at least 1,1m wide.

Doors should not directly open into passageways.

o Exits/Entrances

Both regular exits and emergency exits shall be marked clearly.

Doorways shall be unobstructed and swing in the direction of the escape.

Exits should be entirely free of the presence of hazardous materials.

o Ventilation

Chemical storage area should be ventilated separately from the rest of the building and

exhausts must be terminated at a safe distance from the building.

Storage area should be ventilated by at least four changes of air per hour. Isolate the

chemical storage exhaust from the building ventilation system.

o Storage

Stored chemicals should be arranged in compatible families rather than in alphabetical

order.

Avoid storing chemicals on shelves above eye level.

Chemicals must be located far away from water sources.

Appropriate secondary containment arrangement need to be provided.

Chemicals stored at workplace or at mixing area should not exceed the maximum

amount of the daily usage at workplace.

Here are some guidelines for classifying chemicals and their corresponding storage

method:


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Other facilities

o Tri-Class ABC and size (minimum 5.5 Kg gross weight) fire extinguishers should be in the

chemical stores area. A fire alarm calling point is mandatory. An eyewash station along with

provision for head shower and fire blanket should be provided. Care needs to be taken in

deciding the location of eyewash station and proper means of draining water without wetting

storage area must be established. A Separate storage area for PPEs like aprons, nose-masks,

goggles should be provided within the facility. A separate wash area near the exit of the

chemical storage area should be provided with adequate supplies of soap solution and towels.

o Proper drain facilities to be provided and ensure that the chemical storage drain does not go to

the general drain or into the soil below the storage.

o An "Authorized Personnel Only" sign must be displayed at the entrance.

Class of Chemicals

Recommended Storage Method

Incompatibles Chemical Example

Corrosive - Acids (Inorganic)

Store in a separate protected acid storage cabinet (DO NOT store on metal shelves)

Flammable liquids and solids, Bases, oxidizers, Organic acids

Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, chromic acid, nitric acid

Corrosive - Acids (Organic)

Store in a separate protected acid storage cabinet (DO NOT store on metal shelves)

Flammable liquids and solids, Bases, oxidizers, Inorganic acids

Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Trichloroacetic acid

Bases Store in a separate storage cabinet

Flammable liquids, Oxidizers, poisons, and acids

Potassium hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide

Flammable (Liquid and Solid)

Store in a flammable storage cabinet, dry cool area

Acids, Bases, Oxidizers, and poisons

Acetone, Benzene, Methanol, Toluene, Solvents

Oxidizers Store in non-combustible cabinet with secondary containment

Reducing agent, Flammables, organic materials and combustibles

Sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, Peroxides, Nitrates, Percholorates

Water Reactive Chemicals

Store in dry, cool location protected from sprinkler system, label WATER REACTIVE

Oxidizers and water Sodium metal, Potassium metal, Lithium aluminum hydride

Figure 6: Chemical storage


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Housekeeping, maintenance and inspection of the chemicals room

o Cleaning

Floor and equipment should be cleaned regularly

Employees involved in housekeeping activities at the chemical storage area need to be

properly trained to carry such activities in a safe manner.

o Inspections

Chemical safety inspections need to be conducted, at least once every quarter, to

ensure that adequate safety equipment is available and functioning, personal protection

is available, chemicals are properly stored, and MSDSs are readily available, good

housekeeping is being practiced and that the spill kit and first aid kits are adequately

stocked.

Chemical safety inspections will have to be documented showing details of necessary

corrective actions taken.

First aid kit in the chemicals room and medical examination

o First aid kit

Need to ensure that a first aid box with all required contents is provided at the chemical

storage area.

At least two employees, who are regularly employed in or near the chemical storage,

must be provided training to administer first aid and on procedures to be followed upon

exposure of chemicals.

o Medical examination

Workers whose nature of job (spot cleaning and printing workers, workers involved in

housekeeping of the chemical storage area etc) exposes them to chemicals need to go

through a medical examination, at least once annually.

Results of such medical examinations and measures taken to reduce exposure, with

respect to those workers whose medical examinations reveal negative impact, must be

documented.

Personal protective clothing and equipment to be used handling chemicals

o Factory should provide proper Personal Protective Equipment and clothing in accordance with

Material Safety Data Sheet for each chemical.

Communication – Signage and label of chemicals

o Notice and signs

All communication must be in the regional

language as understood by majority of the

workers. Prominent signs and labels of the

following types shall be posted.

Emergency telephone numbers.

Location signs for eyewash and head

shower, fire extinguishers, spill kit and first

aid kit.

Warning signs at areas or equipment where

special or unusual hazards exist.

o Labels and labelling

All chemical containers (irrespective of size

or familiarity) shall be labelled in the regional

language as understood by majority of the

workers.

The label shall, at a minimum, contain the following information:

Figure 5: Chemical Labelling


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Name of chemical - Trade name and chemical name

Hazard warning - includes physical hazards, e.g., flammable,

combustible liquid, compressed gas

Health hazards, e.g., corrosive, carcinogenic, toxic, etc.

Safety tips when handling or storing the chemicals, e.g. using gas masks

and rubber gloves, etc.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

The safety data sheet is specifically aimed at use in the workplace. It should provide comprehensive

information about the chemical product that allows employers and workers to obtain concise, relevant

and accurate information that can be put in perspective with regard to the hazards, uses and risk

management of the chemical product in the workplace. The MSDS should contain 16 sections. While

there were some differences in existing industry recommendations, and requirements of countries,

there was widespread agreement on a 16 section SDS that includes the following headings in the order

specified:

1. Identification

2. Hazard(s) identification

3. Composition/ information on

ingredients

4. First-aid measures

5. Fire-fighting measures

6. Accidental release measures

7. Handling and storage

8. Exposure control/ personal protection

9. Physical and chemical properties

10. Stability and reactivity

11. Toxicological information

12. Ecological information

13. Disposal considerations

14. Transport information

15. Regulatory information

16. Other information

Information and training on the use of chemicals

o The objective of training and information dissemination is to assure that all individuals at risk

are adequately informed about the work involving chemicals, its risks, and what to do if an

exposure occurs. Hazard communication training is required of all employees who handle,

transport or use chemicals, or who work in areas where chemicals are stored.

o Such information shall be provided at the time of the employee’s initial assignment to a work

area where hazardous chemicals are present or during the induction session, in case of fresh

recruits.

Chemicals disposal

Safe disposal of hazardous wastes can be time-consuming and expensive. Every effort should

be made to limit the amount of hazardous wastes generated. Wherever possible, factory

management should plan processes carefully and order only what is required. Factory

management should ensure that waste disposal (like dry sludge from the effluent treatment

plant, used machine oil, etc.) is done in strict accordance to the provisions of local law.

All chemicals used should be in line with PUMA’s (Manufacturing)

Restricted Substances List as detailed in the PUMA Sustainability Handbook

– Chemicals Management

All chemicals used should be in line with PUMA’s

(Manufacturing)Restricted Substances List as detailed in the PUMA

Sustainability Handbook – Chemicals Management


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o Unwanted chemicals and related wastes should be disposed of promptly, by using appropriate

procedures. Such materials, as well as chemicals that are no longer needed, should not

accumulate in the laboratory.

o Hazardous chemicals must be packaged for disposal as follows:

Containers must be suitable for contents Example: Hydrofluoric acid in plastic bottles.

Containers must be tightly closed.

Do not overfill containers; expanding vapours may cause containers to break.

Containers must not be damaged.

Cracked caps should be completely sealed with plastic tape.

Containers must be labelled.

3.3 Fire safety

Fire is the most common type of emergency that can arise in a factory and can be a subject of major

concern, if appropriate fire safety measures are not followed strictly. A fire safety management system,

as detailed below, should be in place to ensure fire safety at all times.

A fire safety management system at workplace should be made up of four key elements summarized

in the chart below. This can be adapted for other emergency situations for the facility

3.3.1 Fire equipment: Provision and Maintenance

Fire safety equipment must be provided in the factory in such numbers and types so as to fulfil legal

requirements at the minimum. It must be ensure that they are readily accessible to the employees or

authorized employees at all times. These include but are not limited to:

Portable fire extinguishers

Adequate number and suitable type of portable fire extinguishers must be provided in every

section of the factory, based on the type of fire risk involved.

Only approved portable fire extinguishers shall be used to meet the requirements of this

section

STATUTORY COMPLIANCE and APPROVALS PERIODIC PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION OF MAINTENANCE

COMMUNICATION TEAM FIRE FIGHTING TEAM EVACUATION TEAM MEDICAL TEAM

STATUTORY COMPLIANCE WITH RESPECT TO PERIODICITY SCOPE and DOCUMENTATION OF EVACUATION DRILLS FIRE SAFETY

LAYOUT and EQUIPMENT STANDARDS FIRE SAFETY SIGNAGE

FIRE EQUIPMENT – PROVISION and MAINTENANCE

INTERNAL FIRE SAFETY TEAMS

EVACUATION DRILLS and TRAINING

LAYOUT, EQUIPMENT and COMMUNICATION

FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Figure 7: Fire safety management system


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The employer shall assure that portable fire extinguishers are maintained in a fully charged

and operable condition and kept in their designated places at all times except during use.

Type of fire extinguishers (see table below)

Table 2 Fire Extinguishers type should use 3

Fire Class &

Material

Involved

Fire

Extinguishers

type should use

Class A

Ordinary

combustibles

such as wood,

paper, cloth,

trash, and

plastics.

Class B

Flammable

liquids

such as

gasoline,

petroleum oil

and paint.

Class C

Electrical

equipment

such as wiring,

fuse boxes,

energized

electrical

equipment,

computers, and

other electrical

sources.

Class D

Combustible

metals

such as

magnesium,

titanium,

potassium, and

sodium require

special

extinguishers

labelled D.

Class K

Cooking oils

and greases

such as animals

fats and

vegetable fats.

Water - Air-

pressurized

Water

Extinguishers

(APW)

Carbon Dioxide

Extinguishers

(CO2)

Multi-purpose -

Dry Chemical

Extinguishers

Water and foam

fire extinguishers

Dry and wet

Chemical

Extinguishers for

kitchen fires

3 Source:http://www.femalifesafety.org/types-of-fires.html;

http://www.femalifesafety.org/types-of-fires.html


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Important Notes:

1. DO NOT use water to extinguish flammable liquid fires & electrical fire. In case, there is electrical fire, the electrical equipment must be unplugged or de-energized before using water extinguisher for fire response.

2. It is not recommended to use CO2 for Class A fires, they may continue to smoulder and re-ignite after the CO2 dissipates.

3. DO NOT use CO2 extinguishers in confined space where workers working without proper respiratory protection.

Fire alarm calling points

Electrically operated fire alarm system (battery backup should be provided).

One or two fire alarm call-points need to be provided on every floor / section of the factory which should be installed along aisle/escape route or near exits.

The wiring arrangement of the alarm system should be centralized per building as such that all the hooters are activated when any one of the call points is raised.

Fire alarm system must raise a sound that is unique and distinct from lunch bell, bell raised to signify shift start or shift end.

Fire hydrants, smoke detectors and automatic sprinkler system

Fire hydrant points of appropriate number (as specified by local law) need to be provided

Smoke detectors and automatic sprinkler system needs to be provided (if mandatory by provisions of local law)

Other firefighting equipment (if legally mandatory)

Sand and water buckets

Manila rope

Fire resistant helmets, gloves, boots and clothing

Fire Blankets

Ancillary escape equipment

A specialized escape equipment maybe needed when fighting fires in specific conditions. It is important to assess if it is feasible and practical to invest in these equipment, such as harnesses or fire trucks, depending on the capacity of local fire-fighting authorities. All specialized equipment need to be used only by fully trained and authorized personnel.

Periodic preventive maintenance

All fire equipment must undergo regular preventive maintenance to ensure that they are in good working condition at all times. For this, the following must be noted:

Preventive maintenance program should be in place,

Procedures, protocols and accountability of preventive maintenance, with respect to fire

equipment, must be clearly documented and communicated,

Maintenance checks needs to be properly documented.


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3.3.2 Internal Safety Teams

Depending on the size of the factory, employees from every section of the factory should be organized

into different teams to handle exiting during an emergency, as detailed below.

Communication team

Members of the communication team will be responsible for communicating the emergency to external bodies like fire brigade, calling for medical assistance, etc. The members of this team must be trained and informed about emergency numbers, content of communication calls, etc.

Firefighting team/Fire Brigades

Firefighting team members will be the ones who will stop the fire, using available firefighting equipment like extinguishers, fire buckets etc. Time is critical in any fire situation, so members of this team must be very well trained and be able to take fast decisions with confidence. Though there are cases where facilities have complete firefighting equipment including fire trucks because local official firefighting capacity is ill-equipped or too distant, it is not expected that the firefighting teams would be solely responsible for putting out a major fire. Where the capacity of local firefighting authorities maybe inadequate or help is delayed, it is crucial that firefighting teams only fight the kind of fires they are equipped and trained to manage

Evacuation team

This team would primarily be responsible for smooth evacuation and would be trained in evacuation activities like aiding physically challenged, pregnant women, the elderly and persons with difficulties to evacuate. Occupants of welfare facilities on-site, such as children in crèches/day care should be given highest priority and therefore designated caretakers must be fully trained. They would also be responsible for ensuring that 100% of the people evacuate.

Medical team This team will be responsible for assessing the need for and providing first aid, as required.

It is crucial that all personnel, including subcontractors working in the facility, are aware that only authorized and trained personnel should be performing specific safety functions. It is crucial that the safety policy and procedures is immediately taught to all personnel including subcontractors on the first day of work. Good-intentioned employees that attempt to handle certain kinds of emergencies may put themselves and others in danger.

3.3.3 Evacuation Drills & Training

Evacuation drills

Evacuation scenarios for all forms of emergencies as identified in the risk assessment, not just fire, should be included in all emergency drills. Evacuation drills and fire safety training need to be held periodically, following requirements of safety laws and regulations.

Evacuation drills must be held at least as often as the safety and labour laws prescribe but will be held at least annually. Objectives of holding periodic evacuation drills are:

To identify any weaknesses in the evacuation strategy;

To test the procedure after any recent changes in the factory layout, working practices etc.;

To familiarize new employees with evacuation procedures;

To identify weaknesses in emergency procedures and systems.


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Evacuation drills would be conducted to cover all the sections of the factory. Wherever applicable, such

drills shall be conducted separately at the dormitories during day time period and at night when workers

are staying inside the rooms.

Evacuation drills should be properly documented in the form of an evacuation drill log, providing all necessary information such as number of employees and visitors present, time taken for 100% evacuation, etc.

The following should be kept in mind before a drill is conducted:

Communicate details concerning the drill and inform people of their duty to participate. It may not be beneficial to have ‘surprise’ drills as the health and safety risks that may arise may outweigh the benefits. Ensure that this type of exercise is coordinated with the respective authorities;

Ensure that emergency services (fire brigade etc.) are aware they do not have to respond to the actions of the communication team. It would be beneficial if officials are present to observe the proceedings;

Make sure that maintenance staff and / or service company representatives are available to restore services and plants (such as mains, boilers, generators etc.).

Fire Safety Training

Basic fire safety training needs to be held periodically, provided to all employees upon their orientation training and regularly thereafter. It would include as minimum requirements:

Training on fire hazards at their workplace,

Training on evacuation route & exits,

Training on the location & how to use fire alarm calling point or other alarm activation methods.

Fire-fighting team - for those employees who are expected to be trained as members of firefighting team must receive annual training. The minimum requirement of training must be included:

Training on use of fire extinguishers and other related equipment,

Training on communication during fire emergencies,

Training on providing specific first aid during fire emergencies,

Specific physical and psychological requirements need to be taken into consideration when identifying employees for training. For example, an employee who is physically weak or mentally hesitant to fight fire should not be trained and retained in the firefighting team.

3.3.4 Layout, Equipment and Communication

Following clauses on layout, fire equipment installation standards and fire safety communication need to be followed.

Layout

1. Exit route: is a continuous & unobstructed path of exit travel from any point within workplace to designated assembly point.

There must be at least 2 exit routes on every workplace to ensure the prompt evacuation of employees at the workplace,


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The location of exit routes must be as far away as practical from each other so that if one exit route is blocked by fire or smoke, employees can evacuate by using the 2nd exit route.

An additional exit route is required in workplace if the number of employees, building size and its occupancy or the arrangement of the workplace will not allow all employees to evacuate safely during emergency case.

An exit route must meet the minimum of height & width requirements:

Ceiling: must be at least at 2.3m high.

Exit access: must be at least 71.1cm wide at all points. Where there is only one exit access leading to an exit or exit discharge, the width of the exit and exit discharge must be at least equal to the width of the exit access

Care needs to be taken to ensure that all exits are kept unobstructed (whether temporary or permanent) at all times.

One exit will be considered sufficient for rooms where less than 30 people at

work. In particular, this also applies to workplace which can be deemed to

only have one room, for example open plan mezzanine floors.

2. Exit route doors

Shall open outwards and will not open into aisles and walkways,

Shall have width equivalent to at least the width of the stairs,

Must not be locked or obstructed under any circumstance when people are inside the building.

3. Aisles and corridors

Main aisles should be clearly defined by yellow lines, continuous, unobstructed and leading to exits (unattended push carts, temporary workstations, cartons or piles of materials are considered to be obstructions).

Primary aisle width shall not be less than 1.1 meters and secondary aisles shall be at least 0.8 meters.

4. Stairways

Width should not be less than 1.1 meters

Stairs, platforms, landing and other parts shall be made of incombustible material

Shall be clear of any obstruction

Shall lead directly to the street or any open space

Fire equipment installation

Fire equipment installation should be in compliance with the requirement of all applicable fire safety laws in terms of numbers, types and locations.

Fire safety signage

The following guidelines, on fire safety signage and related communication, must be followed. All signage and information on fire safety must be made out in the regional language as understood by majority of the workforce. Where a substantial number of workers present are not fluent in this language, all steps must be undertaken to ensure that all workers including subcontractors are trained. All signage and information provided must be readable from a distance and wherever necessary at


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standard eye-level. It is imperative that signage is not obstructed by any material from any reasonable distance where workers may be present in the room.

Evacuation route plans o Should be visibly displayed at or near exits or passageways on every floor o Maps should include: floor layout in terms of machinery / workstation placement, location

of fire equipment, first aid kits, exit and emergency exit points and arrows showing direction of the closest exit / emergency exit, as the case maybe.

o Size of map shall be sufficient to read from a distance of two meters. o Where it is not feasible nor practical to have legible evacuation maps posted in all

sections of a facility (for example in large warehouse facilities), escape arrow markings or other indicators should be used.

Signage o Position marking (including pictures and words) with respect to all fire equipment need

to be provided (on walls, red marks on pillars etc.) o Usage instructions need to be posted close to fire equipment o Information on precautions to be taken and protocols to be followed during fire

emergencies need to be posted in every major section of the factory. o Phone numbers to be reached during fire emergencies will have to be displayed in every

section of the factory. o Under each extinguisher there should be a restriction box marked on the floor, so that

no object is placed there and it stays free of obstructions at all times. The purpose of

the restriction box should be explained to all workers.

3.4 Emergency Preparedness and Response

It is necessary to be prepared for emergency situations that threaten and could impact the OHS

conditions. The steps which are followed in case of emergency should be described in procedures

which are written, communicated and tested (conducting drills, notifying fire-fighters, signalizing

meeting points, evacuation routes, emergency doors, installing alarms, etc.). The efficiency of these

procedures should be evaluated for continuous improvement.

There are 2 types of emergency in the workplace:

1. Emergency situation that caused by natural disasters

2. Emergency situation that caused by man (man – made disasters)

What follows is a list of the natural and man-made disasters the incidences of which have been growing

in frequency across the world due to various environment and socio-political pressures

3.4.1 Natural Disasters

Natural disasters is a major event caused by natural process. Listed below are the example of natural

disasters (including but not limited to). A short description of responses has been included for each

type, but for purposes of local applicability the specialized assistance of emergency organizations like

the Red Cross/Crescent and the local authorities/experts should be consulted. Below are the example

of natural disasters and short description of responses for each types.

Flood

Plan and practice a flood evacuation route.


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Identify potential hazards through the regular risk assessment exercise and secure or protect

them before the flood strikes.

Turn off electrical power when there is standing water, fallen power lines, or before your

evacuation.

Turn off gas and water supplies before you evacuate.

Earthquake

Surviving an earthquake and reducing its health impact requires preparation, planning and practice.

Far in advance, gather emergency supplies, identify and reduce possible hazards, and practice what

to do during and after an earthquake

Ensure that there are earthquake plans for the building if site investigation shows risk of

earthquake.

Do not use elevator.

If possible factories should have an evacuation area.

Tornado

Learn about the tornado warning system of the country or locality. Most tornado-prone areas

have a siren system. Know how to distinguish between the siren’s warnings for a tornado watch

and a tornado warning.

Have a tornado evacuation or emergency plan and drills.

Utility switches or valves should be turned off.

If outdoor seek shelter in a sturdy building. If not, lie flat and face-down on low ground, protecting

the back of the head with arms. Get as far away from trees and cars.

Typhoon

Pay close attention to the meteorological information by TV, radio or the internet. When a typhoon is

close, do not go out in heavy rain. Suspension of work should at least coincide with local meteorological

advice. However, commuting conditions often become unsafe during a typhoon and as such pro-active

suspension maybe necessary depending on known and estimated road conditions that employees

would need to take.

Tsunami

A tsunami is a series of destructive and very dangerous waves that result from earthquake activity or

some other type of underwater disturbance (meteorite, landslide, underwater volcanic activity etc.).

A Include tsunami evacuation as part of your evacuation plan and conduct practice drills once

risk has been identified. Ensure that warning and evacuation signals are easy to understand.

B Assemble a safety pack that consists of food, water and a first aid kit. Keep it somewhere that

is obvious and well-known to everyone in the building and easy to grab in an emergency.


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o Heed natural warnings. Natural warnings can help to indicate the imminent arrival of a

tsunami. An earthquake. If you are in a coastal zone, the occurrence of an earthquake

should be immediate cause for alarm and evasive action.

o A rapid rise and fall in coastal waters. If the sea suddenly recedes (draws back),

leaving bare sand, this is a major warning sign that a tsunami may occur.

C Heed community and government warnings. If the local authorities do have time to

issue a warning, take heed. Take action. If a tsunami is likely to make landfall, react

immediately. Put into place the Evacuation Plan. Actions should include:

o Move inland, and to high ground.

o Climb high. Climb a sturdy tree.

Try to get reliable information. Listen to the radio for updates on what is happening. Do not trust

word of mouth.

3.5 Contractor Safety

Contractor refers to a company that provides service in terms of physical/non-physical work for a

factory. Contractor Safety is a program designed by factory to ensure that safety aspects during work

for both factory and contractor are respected. This safety measure has a main purpose to protect

factory and contractor employees, equipment, as well as image of both companies.

There are 4 steps that a factory has to take prior to appointing a contractor;

1. Risk assessment

2. Selection

3. Training

4. Contract

3.5.1 Risk Assessment

In order to ensure safety in all aspects of work, a factory should conduct the following steps:

Risk assessment should be conducted thoroughly to identify the risk area. Define the hazard.

Define the control measure to reduce/eliminate the hazard.

3.5.2 Selection

Prior to appointing a contractor, a factory should take into account the following:

Reputation of the contractor company in relation with safety programs

Personnel qualification

3.5.3 Training

The 3rd step is one of the most important steps prior to selecting contractor. Contractor workers, even when they already have qualification, should be trained on factory’s safety requirements. In most cases, factories only check whether the contractor employees obtained certain certificates. Safety measures are unique in every field since different work poses different risks. Based on the risk assessment


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mentioned in the above, a factory should deliver proper training to contractor employees and ensure their understanding.

For specialized work to which the factory safety personnel is not familiar with, but the contractor is specialized in this work, the factory should ensure the contractor will perform the risk assessment and act accordingly.

3.5.4. Contract

Factory should include Safety Provision in the contract with the contractor. This step is to make sure that contractor has a legal obligation to follow factory safety standard during the implementation of the work.

Below are several examples of contractor work that usually takes place in the factory:

3.6 Walking and Working Surfaces

Walking and working surfaces, such as floors, stairs and ladders, are associated with slip, strip and fall

accidents.

Risk of a slip/trip/fall means a circumstance that exposes a worker while at work, or other

person while at or in the vicinity of a workplace, to a risk of a slip/trip/fall that is reasonably

likely to cause injury to the worker or other person. This includes circumstances in which the

worker or other person is:

Work Process

Safety Issues

Safety Measure

Construction Work

Falling Wear harness to prevent freefall

Create perimeter and provide sign in the area with falling hazard

Ensure that any opening on the ground are covered

Provide proper climbing device e.g. ladders and scaffolds.

Electrocution Clearly identify the area with electricity by putting visible sign

Wear proper safety footwear inside the area where high electricity current is present

Only use electric tools when it is grounded of double insulated.

Keep away from electricity source

Struck – by Wear protective clothing e.g. helmet

Wear clearly visible clothes when work near man-driven vehicles

Hot Work Fire Ensure that hot work conducted in the designated area only

Provide fire extinguisher as near as possible to the hot work area

Create perimeter around hot work area. Hot work area should at least has 11 meters (35 feet) from combustible material.

Ensure that hot work operator has hot work permit from the relevant department

Burns Provide proper personnel protective equipment and clothing


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in or on plant or a structure that is at an elevated level

in or on plant that is being used to gain access to an elevated level

in the vicinity of an opening through which a person could fall

in the vicinity of an edge over which a person could fall

on or in the vicinity of a surface through which a person could fall

On or near the vicinity of a slippery, sloping or unstable surface.

3.6.1 How to Identify Slip/Trip/Fall Hazards

Identify all locations and tasks that could cause injury due to a slip/trip/fall. This includes access to the

areas where work is to be carried out. Tasks that need particular attention are those carried out:

on any structure or plant being constructed or installed, demolished or dismantled, inspected,

tested, repaired or cleaned

on a fragile surface (for example, cement sheeting roofs, rusty metal roofs, fiberglass sheeting

roofs and skylights)

on a potentially unstable surface (for example, areas where there is potential for ground

collapse)

using equipment to work at the elevated level (for example, when using elevating work platforms

or portable ladders)

on a sloping or slippery surface where it is difficult for people to maintain their balance (for

example, on glazed tiles)

near an unprotected open edge (for example, near incomplete stairwells)

Near a hole, shaft or pit into which a worker could fall (for example, trenches, lift shafts or service

pits).

Inspect the workplace

Walk around the workplace and talk to workers to find out where work is carried out that could result in

falls. A checklist may be useful in this process. Key things to look for include:

Surfaces:

o the stability, fragility or brittleness

o the potential to slip, for example where surfaces are wet, polished or glazed

o the safe movement of workers where surfaces change

o the strength or capability to support loads

o the slope of work surfaces, for example, where they exceed 7 degrees.

Levels—where levels change and workers may be exposed to a fall from one level to another

Structures—the stability of temporary or permanent structures

The ground—the evenness and stability of the ground for safe support of scaffolding or a work

platform

The working area—whether it is crowded or cluttered

Entry and exit from the working area

Edges—protection for open edges of floors, working platforms, walkways, walls or roofs

Holes, openings or excavations—which will require guarding


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Hand grip—places where hand grip may be lost.

In some situations, advice may be needed from technical specialists, such as structural engineers, to

check the stability of structures or load bearing capacity.

Review available information, including incident records

You should check your records of previous injuries and ‘near miss’s incidents related to falls.

Information and advice about fall hazards and risks relevant to particular industries and work activities

is also available from regulators, industry associations, unions, technical specialists and safety

consultants.

3.6.2 How to Control Slip/Trip/Fall hazards

There are a number of ways to control the risks of falls. Some control measures are more effective than

others. Control measures can be ranked from the highest level of protection and reliability to the lowest.

This ranking is known as the hierarchy of control.

1. Can the need to work at height be avoided to eliminate the risk of a fall?

2. Can the fall be prevented by working on solid construction?

3. Can the risk of a slip/trip/fall be minimised by providing and maintaining a safe system of work,

including:

Providing a fall prevention device (for example, installing guard rails) if it is reasonably

practicable to do so, or

Providing a work positioning system (for example, an industrial rope access system) if it is not

reasonably practicable to provide a fall prevention device, or

Providing a fall-arrest system, so far as is reasonably practicable, if it is not reasonably

practicable to provide a fall prevention device or a work positioning system.

Providing covers and/or guardrails to protect workers from the hazards of open pits, tanks,

vats, ditches, and the like.

In some cases a combination of control measures may be necessary, for example using a safety

harness while working from an elevating work platform.

Any walking and working surface located above 4 ft. (1.22 m) must be protected from the

possibility of a fall;

Workers who are assigned to work on elevated work surfaces (over 6 feet) shall understand

and follow required safety work practices;

Holes in floors, raised platforms, and openings in elevated walls must have fall protection

devices in place such as railings, covers, fencing or doors to protect workers from a fall.

Whenever fall protection is needed, make sure you have the right fall-protection system, know how it

works, get trained to use it – and use it. When eliminating the hazard and guardrails, or safety nets

won’t work, you need personal protective equipment (PPE) – fall-restraint systems, personal fall-arrest

systems. Restraint systems keep you from falling. Fall arrest systems stop falls. You will need a full-

body harness if you use one of these systems. A full-body harness has straps worn around your trunk

and thighs, with one or more rings in back to attach the harness to other parts of the system.


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Choosing a Harness

1. Learn about the types of slip/trip/fall hazards on your job.

2. Make sure the harness fits you and is comfortable, to prevent body strain. You can get

shoulder and back pads to reduce harness pressure. Full-body cross-chest harnesses are

more comfortable for women and can reduce bruising when falls are stopped.

Training

1. The employer must fit and train each worker for the equipment to be used.

2. A competent person must train workers at risk of falling about types of fall hazards, how to

protect oneself, and other hazards and limitations in using fall protection.

Training must cover all that can happen, like hanging in a harness and rescue.

3. If the worksite changes or the type of fall protection equipment is changed, workers using the

equipment must be retrained.

Ladder safety

1. Choose the right equipment. Use ladders mainly for climbing to or from other levels.

2. Choose the right ladder length.

3. A sticker on a commercial ladder tells you its maximum weight capacity. Use only type I,

IA, or IAA ladders. If safety tested ladders are not available in your locality, the employer

must take responsibility for weight capacity testing. Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps

must be parallel, level, and evenly spaced.

Type Duty Rating Use Load

IAA Special Duty Rugged 375 lbs

IA Extra Duty Industrial 300 lbs

I Heavy Duty Industrial 250 lbs

4. The rungs and steps of metal ladders must be grooved or roughened to minimize

slipping. Side rails must be at least 11.5 inches apart.

5. If you use two or more ladders to reach one spot, they must have a platform or landing

between them.

6. Ladder parts must be smooth to prevent punctures or cuts or snagging of clothing.

7. Wood ladders must not be painted with a coating that can hide defects.

8. Stepladders: All four legs must be on solid, level ground. The spreaders must be locked

fully open.

9. Never climb on the cross-bracing. Never lean a stepladder against a wall.

10. Straight and extension ladders: The ladder base should be 1 foot from the building (or

top support, such as an eave) for every 4 feet of ladder length up to the resting position.

Counting rungs will give you a good estimate of the ladder length; rungs are about 1 foot

apart.

11. When working from or climbing keep you positioned between the rails of the ladder.


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3.7 Safety Signage

All safety signage should be in understandable local language and used to:

Indicate the location of safety facilities (emergency escape or first aid sign);

Warn of special dangers or hazards (warning sign);

Demand a mandatory action (mandatory sign);

Forbid some action (prohibition sign).

Depending on the purpose they serve, a specific colour, shape and size is necessary. The European

Union has set minimum requirements for the provision of health and safety signs within the directive

92/58/EEC. In this Directive it is clearly stated that

“Employers shall provide safety and/or health signs as laid down in this directive where hazards cannot be avoided or adequately reduced …” and

“Workers must be given suitable instruction, in particular in the form of specific directions concerning the safety and/or health signs used at work”.

Further legislation concerning health and safety signs can be found in the directive 89/391/EEC, where

it is stipulated that all emergency exits and firefighting equipment are permanently signed. For non-EU

countries other legislation may be applicable.

Requirement - Colour and Signboard Using

Color

Red

Prohibition sign

Yellow or Amber

Warning Sign

Blue

Mandatory sign

Green

Emergency escapes,

first aid sign

Prohibiting behaviour,

danger alarm, stop,

shutdown, emergency

cut-out devices,

evacuate, fire-fighting

equipment, identification

and location

Be careful, take

precautions,

examine

Specific behaviour or

action, wearing

personal protective

equipment

Exit doors, exits signal,

escape routes, rescue

facilities, no danger,

return to normal

Figure 10: Ladder using


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Signboards

Signboards used at workplace must be sufficiently large, visible and easily understandable in

local language. All requires adequately illumination and size should be appropriate for intended

viewing distance.

Signboards’ material must be durable and weather resistant, securely fastened and properly

maintained.

Signboard Appearing & Using

Fire Exit Signs: Compulsory for every floor in every factory.

Figure 16: Fire escape sign

Fire Escape – Keep Clear Sign

Figure 17: Fire door - keep shut sign

Fire Door – Keep Shut Signs: To be used where a fire

door was built to prevent fire from moving from one

room to the other, e.g. entrance door of a chemical

storage. Not be confused with fire exit!

Fire Extinguisher/ Hose Sign: To be used to indicate the location and purpose of Fire Extinguishers

Figure 18: Fire extinguisher

Figure 13: Fire exit sign


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Figure 21: Flammable chemical sign

Flammable Chemical Sign: Compulsory for

every area where highly flammable

substances are used. Also containers, bottles

or receptacles used for the storage of

flammable chemicals must be marked.

Figure 22: Chemical storage sign

Chemical Storage Sign: To be used to

mark the door leading to chemical storage

(do not smoke, eat or drink signs may also

be used)

Hazard Signs for chemical: Compulsory to classify the danger of chemicals used or stored (must be

indicated also directly on the chemicals)

Figure 23: Hazard sign for Chemical

Note: if one of these signs is found on the chemicals used, a safety data sheet has to be displayed in

the area where the chemicals are used / stored and the instructions included in those safety data sheets

have to be followed!

Personal Protective Equipment Signs: to remind the worker of the PPE which should be used for

different operations

Figure 19: Fire Alarm sign

Fire Alarm Sign: To be used to indicate

the location of a Fire Alarm button

Figure 20: No smoking sign

No Smoking Sign: Compulsory in

rooms where flammable chemicals

are stored or other dangers of fire

exist


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Figure 24: PPE sign

Do not Eat or Drink or Smoke Signs: To remind the workers that no food must be consumed in

a chemical storage or handling area

First Aid Signs: Indicating the location of first aid boxes, first aid trained persons or emergency

shower

Further Warning Signs: To be used where applicable

Figure 27: Further warning signs

Other useful Mandatory Signs: To be used where applicable

Figure 25: No eat or drink sign

Figure 26: First Aid sign


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Figure 28: Other useful mandatory signs

4.1 Workplace Monitoring

Regular workplace monitoring is the critical part of every successful health and safety program. Each

monitoring should include a careful examination of the workplace to identify actual and potential

hazards that can cause injury, illness or damage.

To ensure the effective monitoring, it is necessary to be familiar with:

All workplace buildings and departments

Work activities and work flow from one part of your workplace to another

Where hazardous chemicals are used

The location of storage areas, entrances and exits, and emergency exits.

Workplace monitoring must be done by the local Centre of Disease Control and Prevention or a

qualified organization at least once a year. In addition, for any new construction, new equipment or

work activities that are introduced to your workplace, an initial risk assessment and workplace

monitoring should be done.

4.1.1 Limit of Substances Hazardous Exposure

Mostly workplace exposure limits are concentrations of the substances hazardous to health in the air

averaged over a specified period of time, referred to as a time-weighted average. Two time periods are

used: long term (8 hours) and short term (15 minutes). Short-term exposure limits are set to prevent

acute effects which occur after exposure for a few minutes. However exposure to a substance with a

workplace exposure limit must not exceed the local legal requirement.

4.1.2 Limit of Noise Exposure

As noise effects are cumulative, the noise emission levels should be reduced below 85 dBA. If this is

not feasible they should be reduced to the lowest level possible and suitable hearing protection

provided. If the noise energy is doubled, then it is increased by 3dBA and requires a halving of the

exposure time, e.g.

55dB at complex office work as well as canteen and break areas

70dB at simple office work


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85dB at all other kinds of work

Individuals exposed to 80dBA must be offered hearing protection, but at 85dBA, more hearing

protection must be provided and worn. Hazard exposure of workplaces must be in compliance with

local legal requirements. It is recommended that noise exposure testing for prolonged exposure

(standard 8 hours) and peak exposure is done so that both types of exposure in the work stations are

measured even if both may not be required by local law. Where PUMA standards are more stringent

than local legal requirements, PUMA standards will apply.

As noise effects are cumulative, the noise emission levels should be reduced below 85 dBA. If this is

not feasible they should be reduced to the lowest level possible and suitable hearing protection

provided. If the noise energy is doubled, then it is increased by 3dBA and requires a halving of the

exposure time. Please refer to the below table

In order to control the working place

hazards, a sufficient management

system should be established and

include at least the following:

A description of the plan and a

functional overview of the day-to-day

operation. This section must contain a

detailed description of this site, the location of buildings and what structures and organizations

are covered by the plan.

Based upon the results of the evaluation/assessment survey, working place monitoring should

be conducted to determine the level of exposure and potential health risk to employees.

Employees should be trained properly.

Monitoring data should be analysed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the

operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken.

4.1.3 Lighting

In the factory where various production processes take place, sufficient lighting is one of the utmost

important.

Depending on the processes, light levels or lux can be classified in relation to the type of work, nature

of workplace, individual vision, etc.

Lack of or excessive light can result in accidents or affect the wellbeing and also productivity of workers

during production. In an area where accuracy is required, such as quality control, this can affect the

product quality. Last but not least, it will affect workers’ health.

Below is the table with light recommendation:

Hours of exposure (h) dB(A)

8 85

4 88

2 91

1 94

1/2 97

1/4 100

1/8 103


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Table 3: Light recommendation

Type of Work Illumination Ranges (Lux)4

Working space where visual task performed occasionally 100 – 200

Task with high contrast of large scale 200 - 500

Task of medium contrast or small size 500 – 1000

Task of low contrast or very small size 1000 – 2000

Task of low contrast and very small size over a prolonged period 2000 – 5000

Task of very prolonged and exacting visual tasks 5000 – 10000

4.1.4 Vibration

Machineries used in the factory for production almost always expose workers to vibration. Prolonged

exposure to vibration can cause injuries over time.

Hand-arm Vibration (HAV)

Hand – arm vibration exposure is the situation where a worker use a hand-held power tools. Excessive

and uncontrolled use of this tools can cause health problem e.g. painful nerves, joints and could also

lead to direct injuries to fingers and hand dexterity, and grip.

The following table shows the threshold value of Hand Arm Vibration

Table 4: Threshold limit values for exposure

To reduce the risk of occupational disease caused by HAV, there are several steps to take

Find alternative work methods that can eliminate or reduce exposure to vibration,

4 Modified from: IESNA Lighting Handbook. 9th ed. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2000. p. 10-13. 5 Modified from The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) 6 Directions of axes in the three-dimensional system

Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for exposure 5

of the hand to vibration in X, Y, or Z direction6

Total Daily Exposure

Duration (hours)

Maximum value of frequency weighted acceleration (m/s2)

in any direction*

4 to less than 8 hours 4



less than 1hour 12


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Select the vibrating equipment correctly to ensure that any vibrating equipment used

efficiently. Improper equipment can result in longer and inefficient use of the equipment that

expose workers to vibration longer than necessary.

4.1.5 Extreme Temperatures

Heat or cold stress is the general name for several medical conditions such as heat cramps, heat

exhaustion, heat rash, heat stroke, frostbite and hypothermia. Under extreme conditions of

temperature, humidity, airflow and workload, workers may experience heat or cold stress, which is the

body’s attempt to maintain a normal body temperature.

Factory conditions that are very hot or very cold may cause workers to suffer from a variety of heat or

cold stress symptoms. Heat stroke (from extreme heat) and hypothermia (from extreme cold) are both

conditions that may lead to death, if not treated immediately. Workplaces with these conditions may

include casting, electroplate, rubber products factories, electrical utilities (particularly boiler rooms),

laundries, chemical plants and so on.

Table 5: Extreme temperatures

Heat Index Risk Level Protective Measures

Less than 91°F (32 °C) Lower (Caution) Basic heat safety and planning

91°F(32 °C) to 103°F (39 °C) Moderate Implement precautions and heighten awareness

103°F(39 °C) to 115°F (46 °C) High Additional precautions to protect workers

Greater than 115°F (46 °C) Very high to Extreme Triggers even more aggressive protective measures

The implemented procedures on safely working in extremely hot or cold temperature condition should

be at least included:

Identify workplace and work assignments where a potential for heat or cold exists.

Satisfactory temperature control measures to eliminate or reduce risks

Proper personal protective equipment must be provided to workers who work in operations

involving extreme heat or cold (e.g. insulated gloves, insulated suits, reflective clothing, or

infrared reflecting face shields etc.)

Plenty of safe drinking water must be available for workers (free of charge) who work in areas

with high temperatures (near ovens, dryers, etc.)

Rest breaks are frequent enough and in suitable conditions (located in warm area if

temperature conditions are extremely cold, in shaded or cooler area if temperature conditions

are extremely hot)

Before a worker begins work in an extremely hot or cold environment, make sure he/she has

had a physical exam to determine whether he/she is fit to work in such conditions.

Workers who work in extremely hot or cold environments should be trained to recognize and

respond to the symptoms of heat or cold stress and that capable workers are trained to

provide first aid to workers showing these symptoms.


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Periodically evaluate the program to determine whether it’s effective in preventing heat or cold

stress in workers.

The heat or cold stress prevention program needs to be established in order to reduce the risk associate

with heat or cold stress including illnesses and injuries, which covered but not limited to:

Designating responsibilities for the program

Water replenishment during the shift as needed

Employee access to shade at all times for preventative recovery periods

Responding to symptoms of possible heat or illness

Contact provisions for emergency medical services

Effective engineering control including ventilation, heaters, air conditioning, cooling fans,

reflective shields to redirect radiant heat and insulation

Allow new workers to have a five-day period to adjust to extreme temperature conditions.

Similarly, give this five-day adjustment period to workers who have been away from work for

two weeks or more

Where there is a chance that workers will suffer heat stress caused by hot equipment, workers

should wear clothing that reflects heat (aprons, jackets, suits, etc.). Any reflective clothing

should be worn loose to allow air flow through it. Workers wearing such clothing should be

careful to avoid trapping it in machinery with

Avoid or limit the use of alcohol and caffeine during times of extreme heat because of both

dehydrate the body.

4.2 Ergonomics

Ergonomics is the scientific study of human performance at work. Ergonomics considers the physical

and mental capabilities of the worker and how he/she interacts with tools, equipment, work methods,

tasks and the working environment. Ergonomic hazards should be controlled when designing and

changing workplace or workstation with below procedures to be followed:

Risk assessments: An assessment that identifies jobs and workstations that may contain

musculoskeletal hazards, the risk factors that pose the hazards, and the causes of the risk

factors

Hazard prevention and control: Eliminating or minimizing the hazards identified in the workplace

assessment by changing the job design, workstation, tools or work environment to fit the worker.

Injury management: The effective use of available health-care resources (e.g. physiotherapy,

medical) to prevent or manage work-related musculoskeletal disorders using an early

intervention approach

Training and education: A method to give both staff and supervisors an understanding of the

potential risk of injuries, their causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment

Below are some common ergonomic hazards present at workplace:

Inadequate or excessive light or glare.

Heavy, awkward or repetitive lifting, pushing or pulling

Frequent bending or twisting of the back or neck

Tasks requiring lifting either below the knees or above the shoulder.


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Static postures- spending long periods without movement of a particular body part

Working with arms above shoulder height, elbows away from the body, or reaching behind the

body.

Repetitive or prolonged grasping and holding of objects, or repetitive bending or twisting of the

wrists or elbows.

Frequent exposure to whole-body or hand-arm vibration that has not been controlled.

Work surfaces that require elevation of the shoulders or stooping of the back for long periods.

Contact stress, where force is concentrated on a small area of the body.

Low – cost solutions to control ergonomics at workplace can be applied as following to correct these

risk factors:

Ensure the work surface is at the right

height for the task:

Store frequently used materials,

parts, or tools within easy reach and as

close to waist or hip height as possible

Use mechanical aids to move

materials and products around the

workplace.

Avoid extended or repeated long

reaching to do work. Typically using an

awkward posture beyond 4 hours per day is considered high risk.

If possible, reduce the number of times you repeat the task or motion.

Provide seated workers with chairs of correct height with sturdy backrest, with the feet

comfortably placed on the floor.

Provide a standing chair or stool. Change work posture occasionally from standing to sitting or

vice versa.

The most effective ergonomic solution is to involve both the workers and management. Where local

laws on ergonomics are applicable, factories are expected to comply with the legal requirements at

workplace.

4.3 Industrial Ventilation

Ventilation in workplaces can include both general (fresh air) ventilation and ventilation used to control

airborne contamination of the workplace. General ventilation of a building is needed to satisfy the

respiratory needs of its occupants and to remove any body odours and other indoor environmental

contaminants. Effective and suitable provision must be made to ensure that every enclosed workplace

is ventilated by a sufficient quantity of fresh or purified air. Ventilation used to control airborne

contamination can be either dilution ventilation or local exhaust ventilation (LEV). There are 2 types of

ventilation systems used:

Figure 29: Illustration of work-station arrangement

for different type of work


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4.3.1 General or Dilution Ventilation

Dilution ventilation provides a flow of air into and out of the working area and does not give any control

at the source of the contaminant. The background concentration is reduced by the addition of fresh air

but there is little, if any, reduction in direct exposure to the process. This system is normally used when

local exhaust ventilation is impractical.

It is more effective dilution ventilation if the location of exhaust fan is close to exposed workers and the

makeup air location is behind the workers so that contaminated air is drawn away from the workers’

breathing zone. For chemical control at workplace, dilution is applicable at some circumstance with not

too high amount pollutants generated, and workers are not exposed or carry out the task at nearby the

source of contamination.

Limitation of dilution ventilation:

It does not remove completely contaminants,

If contaminants are highly toxic or very flammable, dilution system is not recommended.

The amount of contaminants generated is not too high.

Mechanical ventilation systems should be regularly and properly cleaned, tested and maintained.

Where necessary for reasons of health and safety, plant failure warning devices must be provided.

The fresh air supply rate should not normally fall below 5-8 litres per second, per occupant. Factors to

be considered should include the floor area per person, the processes and equipment involved and

whether the work is strenuous.

4.3.2 Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV)

Local exhaust ventilation (LEV): If comparing with dilution ventilation based on the principle of

spreading the contaminants throughout the workplace, LEV operate based on the principle of

controlling air contaminants by trapping them at or near its source.

In protecting workers’ health (breathing zone), LEV is more effective to control highly toxic contaminants

before it is spread out at workplace. If considering the control method, LEV is preferred to be used

when:

Air contaminants can cause serious health risk,

The location of emission source is close to workers,

Number of emission source at the workplace are low,

Cost is a concern if heating or cooling cost is increased in cold or hot weather,

Large amount of contaminants is generated.

LEV has 5 basic components: Hood. Duct System. Air- Cleaning Device. Fan. Stack


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A hood, enclosure or other inlet to collect and contain the contaminant close to the source of its

generation.

Ductwork, to convey the contaminant away from the source.

A filter or other air-cleaning device to remove the contaminant from the extracted airstream.

A fan or other air-moving device to provide the necessary air flow.

Further ductwork to discharge the cleaned air to the outside atmosphere at a suitable point.

Regular maintenance/testing programs should be developed and maintained to ensure the local

exhaust ventilation systems meet requirements at the workplace. Records of maintenance and testing

should be kept at workplace and made available upon compliance checking.

4.4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Each year, a lot of workers receive disabling work-related injuries that involve the head, eyes, or feet.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is one defence against exposure to hazardous working

conditions that can cause injury to these areas of the body.

Personal protective equipment is designed to protect workers from health and safety hazards that

cannot be practically removed from the work environment through engineering or administrative

Figure 31: example of local exhaust ventilation system

Figure 30 : five basic components of LEV


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controls. All workers are required to use PPE whenever it is specified, or when work conditions require

it.

Acceptance of PPE from workers is higher when the workers fully understand the purpose of the PPE

are involved in the selection process. For example, it is unrealistic to expect from a worker to wear a

full gas mask in a hot and humid climate for periods of 8 hours or more.

General requirements on wearing of personal protective equipment are:

Performing a hazard assessment to select the appropriate PPE.

Personal protective equipment must meet standards established by recognized governmental

and/ or industry groups.

Training the workers in the following PPE-related areas:

o When PPE must be worn

o How to wear and adjust PPE

o The limitations of the PPE

o The proper care, Maintenance, Use, and Disposal of PPE

Commonly used personal protective equipment in sporting goods industry includes, but not limited to:

Gas masks, at work areas with harmful vapours present

Dust masks, used in the process which generates dust exposure at work

Steel Mesh gloves, to be used when using fabric cutters

Ear protector at work areas with high level of noise

Chemical resistant gloves, to be used when handling acids or caustic chemicals

Hydrocarbon-resistant gloves when using hydrocarbon-based solvents, cleaning agents, or chemicals.

Foot protection, to be used when handling heavy objects.

4.5 Occupational Health Practice

4.5.1 Structure of Health Surveillance Program

Health Surveillance

Health surveillance is the periodic monitoring of the health of individual workers by a combination of

medical history and examination, and relevant tests. The types of examinations and tests used will

depend on the health hazard being assessed.

The health surveillance program should be linked to or cover the pre-employment screen, pre-

placement and post-placement examinations, and return-to-work examinations and exit health

examinations.

Health surveillance should be conducted if:


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Required by regulations,

It is possible that worker exposure exceeds acceptable exposure limits to hazards for which

health surveillance is useful,

An employer wishes to check the health of their workforce and to see if hazard management

and control measures are effective.

If exposure has been shown to always be well below acceptable exposure limits, there is no need for

health surveillance for a particular workplace hazard.

Health surveillance is not a substitute for providing and maintaining adequate exposure control

measures.

Health surveillance should include measures and procedures to ensure that pregnant women or other

identified vulnerable workers are never exposed to any hazardous conditions at work.

Structure of a health surveillance program

If health surveillance is required, the employer should establish a structured health surveillance

program according to the following guidelines:

Should be documented, as part of the Standard Operating Policies and Procedures.

Should be based on the results of the health risk assessment.

Workers should give their informed consent to health surveillance.

All health surveillance examinations and tests should be at no cost to the worker.

Medical examinations and tests should be supervised by a legally qualified physician (or nurse

if appropriate).

Examinations/ tests/ laboratories should comply with international standards.

Medical examinations and tests must be safe, ethical and acceptable in cultural and religious

terms.

Tests must be valid, reliable and sensitive.

Where health surveillance detects disease, adverse health effect or unsafe hazard exposure

levels, the responsible physician or nurse should advise the employer of the need for remedial

action and notify the worker of the result and its implications for him or her.

Depending on the nature of the abnormal result and the circumstances in the workplace, the

affected worker should either be suspended stating the expected length of unfitness, given

specific restrictions, moved to a workplace that is safe for him or her, or given additional

personal protective equipment.


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Workers requiring treatment for diseases found at medical surveillance should be referred to

appropriate specialists for follow-up.

Analysis and reporting the results

A procedure should be developed and implemented for analysing the results of the health surveillance

program and providing guidance for corrective action and medical treatment.

This analysis will involve looking at the results for groups of workers to identify patterns and trends

across the factory. The health surveillance results should also be looked at from the perspective of the

individual worker to identify clinical implications for him or her.

The occupational health doctor or nurse should provide a list of employees who are fit to work and

those who are not. These occupational health staff should be mindful that abnormal results on a health

surveillance examination may not be due to work, but may be due to natural processes that would have

happened in the absence of workplace exposure.

Abnormal results may require medical follow-up outside of the factory’s occupational health service.

Health surveillance records

Health surveillance results should be managed as any other medical record within the occupational

health service.

Health surveillance results for each worker should be kept in his or her medical record, so they are

available for doctors and nurses treating the employee.

4.5.2 Medical Care

A medical care program both on physical health and mental health should be established.

Emergency preparedness program for local endemic should be established.

Suitable medical facilities must be available, open and properly maintained. It is essential that

the facility is kept clean and equipped to deal with any injuries common to the type of factory.

Proper procedures for disposal of medical waste must be followed as well.

A contract or insurance cover with the nearest hospital for emergency treatment of workers

should be signed.


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4.5.3 First Aid

First aid is emergency care provided for injury or sudden illness before emergency medical treatment

is available. The first-aid provider in the workplace is someone who is trained in the delivery of initial

medical emergency procedures, using a limited amount of equipment to perform a primary assessment

and intervention while awaiting arrival of emergency medical service (EMS).

A clinic room / emergency treatment room should be made available for factories with more

than 100 employees:

The room should be clearly marked as a first aid room and a note should be placed on the door

clearly, showing the names and locations of first aiders.

An occupational nurse or physician should regularly visit the clinic room.

For larger injuries the way to the next hospital / phone number of the ambulance must be known

/ displayed in the clinic room.

The room should be large enough to hold a bed / couch and the door to the room wide enough

to accommodate a stretcher, wheelchair, carrying chair or wheeled carriage. The facilities and

equipment that should be provided in first aid rooms are:

o A Bed or a couch (with a waterproof surface), and frequently cleaned pillow and

blankets. The number of beds should conform to requirements set out in local law.

o A chair

o Clean protective garments for use by first aiders

o A sink with running hot and cold water always available

o A suitable store for first aid materials

o A range of first aid equipment ( at least to the standard of first aid boxes)

o Suitable, foot operated, refuse container lined with disposable plastic bags

o A bowl

o Paper towels and soap

o Drinking water when not available on tap, and disposable cups.

o A telephone or other suitable means of communication.

Have a clear procedure to respond to Life-Threatening and Non-Life-Threatening Emergencies.

Basic first aid training should be provided to all workers regularly.

At any time during working hours (also on night shifts, if applicable), a person qualified in first

aid must be present.

The person who is to be appointed as first aider must attend training given by a qualified

organization.


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First aiders should be easily identifiable. Identification can be achieved using badges or

armbands, etc.

Their names, possibly with photographs, should be clearly displayed on notice-boards.

In low risk situation, there should be at least one first aider for every 50-100 employees.

In hazardous situations there should not be less than one first aider for every 50 staff.

For minor injuries, first aid kit should be available in every larger department and must not be

locked, the contents of which must contain sufficient quantities of items, depending again on

the above circumstances. The following are recommended:

A general guidance card with information on first aid, emergency telephone numbers

Checklist of content

Wrapped sterile adhesive dressing

Eye pads with attachments

Wrapped triangular bandage

Safety pins

Wrapped sterile bandages

A pair of disposable gloves

Scissors

Injury Log, pen

Plaster

Disinfection liquid

A clinic record should be kept detailing types of injuries / sicknesses which occurred during the last

year. In case of an unusual accumulation of injuries or any heavy injury / sicknesses reasons should

be investigated and corrective actions should be taken.

4.6 Welfare Facilities and Sanitation

4.6.1 Sanitation and condition of Welfare Facilities

Sanitation is especially important for toilets, food preparing areas and bathrooms. The following

guidance is applied to all production, office, warehouse and dormitories.

Walls should be clean painted or tiled.

The floor of working areas should be maintained, and kept dry. Platforms, mats, or other dry

standing places should be provided for where wet processes are used, drainage should be

maintained, or appropriate waterproof footwear should be provided.


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All floors, walkways, and stairs must be kept in good repair. Keep them free of anything that

may cause a slip or trip hazard.

Do not allow waste materials to build-up in working areas (around saw horses, cutting

stations, tool boxes). Maintain an ongoing routine of waste disposal at regular intervals.

Maintain adequate lighting in all work areas.

Use waste bins, garbage cans, and dumpsters to prevent the build-up of debris

Ensure that there are no protruding nails on loose or fixed materials that may snag clothing or

cause an abrasion or puncture.

Post signs and use danger or caution tape where hazards might not be readily seen.

Ensure that all ground surfaces are firm and level before setting scaffolds or ladders.

Aisles and exits should be clear of obstructions at any time.

Smoking or eating in production areas or toilets should generally not be permitted. A restaurant,

canteen or dining area with sufficient space should be provided for all employees to support this

rule.

Garbage / unused materials should be regularly removed.

Figure 32: Examples of waste segregation at workplace

4.6.2 Drinking Water or Portable Water

Employer must ensure to provide adequate drinking water at no cost for all employees at all

times.

Potable water should be provided in all places of employment, for drinking, washing of the

person, cooking, washing of foods, washing of cooking or eating utensils and personal service

rooms.

Drinking water dispensers should be designed, constructed and serviced so that sanitary

conditions are properly maintained, should be capable of being closed, and should be equipped

with a tap.


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Open containers such as barrels, pails, or tanks for

drinking water from which the water must be dipped or

poured, whether or not they are fitted with a cover, are

prohibited.

A common drinking cup and other common utensils are

prohibited.

Drinking station should be located at upstream of air

flow in a clean area, not be located inside or nearby

toilet areas

Drinking station must be located at a reasonable

distance from the workstation.

4.6.3 Toilet Facilities

Toilet rooms separate for each gender must be provided in all places of employment.

Toilet room should be distinctly marked “for men” and “for women” by signs printed in the native

language of the persons occupying the building, or marked with easily understood pictures or

symbols. If the facilities for each sex are in the same building, they should be separated by solid

walls or partitions extending from floor to ceiling.

Where toilet rooms will be occupied by no more than one person at a time, the rooms should

be lockable from the inside. Each water-closet should occupy a separate compartment with a

door and walls or partitions between and fixtures sufficiently high (1.7M for example) to assure

privacy. There will be no open toilets except for urinals.

Tightly closing waste bins should be provided within each toilet stall for used toilet paper and

used sanitary dressing disposal.

Hand drying facilities (paper towel, clean cloth towel, electric dryer or others) should be

provided.

Toilet paper must be provided to all employees.

Sufficient hand-wash facilities including soap should be provided for each toilet section.

Toilet facilities must be regularly cleaned and maintained to ensure sanitary conditions at all

times.

The number of toilets provided for each gender should be based on the number of employees,

and complied with the table below:

Number of employees Minimum number of toilets

1 – 15 1

16 - 35 2

36 - 55 3

56 - 80 4

81 - 110 5

111 – 150 6

Over 150 1 additional fixture for each additional 40 employees

Figure 33: Example of drinking

station at workplace


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4.6.4 Canteens/Kitchen Facilities

In all areas where central dining operations are permitted or provided, the food handling facilities

should meet the requirements of all local sanitation regulations and get a valid canteen hygiene

license from the concerned authority where applicable.

Kitchen personnel must be checked for infectious diseases in regular intervals.

Management should perform a periodical canteen inspection for food hygiene and safety to

prevent pest and/or animal infestation.

The payment arrangement or food prices should be reasonable with the price list displayed

conspicuously if such service is not free of charge.

Refrigerator system or cold room freezer should be used and maintained at the correct

temperatures.

Samples of food cooked/served should be kept for the length of time required by local food

safety laws for testing in cases of food poisoning. (At least 48 hours)

Seating facilities that allow for enough seating for all employees scheduled to eat during a shift

should be provided. Those seating facilities shall offer protection from negative weather

influences such as rain and excessive heat or cold.

Comments about food or service should be collected in regular intervals


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A. Code of Conduct


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B. Permit to Work Form and Factory Incident Reporting


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C. Glossary

Accident - an unplanned event that interrupts the completion of an activity, and that may (or may not)

include injury or property damage.

Dangerous occurrences - Something that happens that's dangerous and could result in injury or death

Fatality (ies) - death that occurs while a person is at work or performing work related tasks.

Hot Work - any process that can be a source of ignition when flammable material is present or can be

a fire hazard regardless of the presence of flammable material in the workplace.

Incident – an incident is an unplanned, undesired event that hinders completion of a task and may

cause injury or other damage.

Near misses - an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage – but had the potential

to do so.

Reportable diseases - diseases considered to be of great public health importance.

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety 2011, Noise - Occupational Exposure Limits in

Canada 2014. Available from: https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/exposure_can.html

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety 2011, Vibration – Measurement, Control and

Standards 2008. Available from:

https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/vibration/vibration_measure.html

Centers For Disease Control and Prevention - Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response

2014, Being Prepared for an Earthquake. Available from:

https://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/earthquakes/prepared.asp

Centers For Disease Control and Prevention - Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response

2014, Preparing for a Tornado. Available from:

http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/tornadoes/prepared.asp

Duke Energy n.d., Flooding Guidelines. Available from https://www.duke-

energy.com/safety/electric/flooding-guidelines.asp

Illuminating Engineering Society of North America 2000, IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9th edn, p. 10-

13. Illuminating Engineering.

Ron Grantt - Select International n.d., 4 Steps to Effective Contractor Safety Management. Available

from: http://www.selectinternational.com/safety-blog/bid/183617/4-Steps-to-Effective-Contractor-

Safety-Management

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_hazard

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Workplace

https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/exposure_can.html

https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/vibration/vibration_measure.html

https://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/earthquakes/prepared.asp

http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/tornadoes/prepared.asp

https://www.duke-energy.com/safety/electric/flooding-guidelines.asp

https://www.duke-energy.com/safety/electric/flooding-guidelines.asp

http://www.selectinternational.com/safety-blog/bid/183617/4-Steps-to-Effective-Contractor-Safety-Management

http://www.selectinternational.com/safety-blog/bid/183617/4-Steps-to-Effective-Contractor-Safety-Management


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The Fire Equipment Manufacturers’ Association n.d., Types Of Fires And Extinguishing Agents,

Available from https://www.Femalifesafety.org/. [10 May 2016]

US Department of Labor n.d., Occupational Safety and Health Administration Home Page. Available

from https://www.osha.gov/.

US Department of Labor n.d., General Machinery Equipment And Tool Safety. Available from:

https://www.osha.gov/.

https://www.femalifesafety.org/

https://www.osha.gov/

https://www.osha.gov/


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Figure 1: Three dimensions of PUMA Sustainability Strategy ................................................. 6

Figure 2: PUMA 10for20 Sustainability Targets ....................................................................... 6

Figure 3: Plan Do Check Act ................................................................................................... 9

Figure 4: Lock out/Tag out procedure .................................................................................... 20

Figure 5: Chemical Labelling ................................................................................................. 26

Figure 9: Fire safety management system ............................................................................. 28

Figure 7: Fire safety management system ............................................................................. 28

Figure 8: Ladder usingFigure 9: Fire safety management system ......................................... 28

Figure 10: Ladder using ......................................................................................................... 41

Figure 11: Fire exit signFigure 12: Ladder using ................................................................... 41

Figure 13: Fire exit sign ......................................................................................................... 42

Figure 14: First Aid signFigure 15: Fire exit sign.................................................................... 42

Figure 16: Fire escape sign ................................................................................................... 42

Figure 17: Fire door - keep shut sign ..................................................................................... 42

Figure 18: Fire extinguisher ................................................................................................... 42

Figure 19: Fire Alarm sign ..................................................................................................... 43

Figure 20: No smoking sign ................................................................................................... 43

Figure 21: Flammable chemical sign ..................................................................................... 43

Figure 22: Chemical storage sign .......................................................................................... 43

Figure 23: Hazard sign for Chemical ..................................................................................... 43

Figure 24: PPE sign ............................................................................................................... 44

Figure 25: No eat or drink sign .............................................................................................. 44

Figure 26: First Aid sign ......................................................................................................... 44

Figure 27: Further warning signs ........................................................................................... 44

Figure 28: Other useful mandatory signs ............................................................................... 45

Figure 29: Illustration of work-station arrangement for different type of work ........................ 50

Figure 30 : five basic components of LEV ............................................................................. 52

Figure 31: example of local exhaust ventilation system ......................................................... 52

Figure 32: Examples of waste segregation at workplace ....................................................... 58

Figure 33: Example of drinking station at workplace.............................................................. 59

Table 2: Risk assessment chart example .............................................................................. 12

Table 3 Fire Extinguishers type should use ........................................................................... 29

Table 4: Light recommendation ............................................................................................. 47

Table 5: Threshold limit values for exposure ......................................................................... 47

Table 6: Extreme temperatures ............................................................................................. 48

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