Puget Sound Oceanography 2009 Course overview. Geology of Puget Sound Started from Pangaea Plate...
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Transcript of Puget Sound Oceanography 2009 Course overview. Geology of Puget Sound Started from Pangaea Plate...
Puget Sound Oceanography2009
Course overview
Geology of Puget Sound
Started from Pangaea
Plate movement, subduction zones, volcanoes and valleys
Glaciation – scouring and carving
Sea level rise
Rivers and sediments
Morphology of Puget Sound
Basins and sills
Rivers- seasonal cycle- east/west differences- differences among basins
Circulation fundamentals
Exchange circulation- freshwater meets ocean water
Tides- mixing- tidal excursion- tidal prism
Juan de Fuca
South Sound
Whidbey BasinHood
Canal
Main Basin
Stratification and Residence Time
Freshwater input
Tidal mixing
Deep versus shallow basins
Knudsen Relation – “The most important equation of estuarine circulation”
QR Q1, S1 = S2 - dS
Q2, S2
Volume conservation: Q1 = Q2 + QR Salt conservation: 0 = S2Q2 – S1Q1
Combining these two it is easy to show that:
Q2 = (S1/ds)QR and Q1 = (S2/ds)QR
The Knudsen Relation
Primary Productionchlorophyll
dep
thHorizontal advection
Mixing
Vertical advection and sinking
(growth – respiration – grazing)
temperature
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Ch
l a (
ug
L-1
)
Three Tree Point, Main Basin
Gedney Island, Whidbey Basin
N.Admiralty Inlet
Sisters Point, Hood Canal
Oakland Bay, South Sound
Hood Canal Main Basin
Whidbey Basin
Strait of Juan de Fuca
Dabob Bay
Sills
Categorization of PS basins:
(Winter et al, 1975)
Controls on phytoplankton blooms- light- nutrients- temperature- circulation
Temporal and spatial patterns of biomass in Puget Sound
- light- stratification
Zooplankton
Phytoplankton
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Zooplankton
(Roman et al, 2005)
Behavior/ vertical distributions
Temporal patterns- Link to phytoplankton blooms
Spatial distributions- Circulation- Topography- River input
Hypoxia
Ocean end
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 5 10 15 20
Physical/biological/chemical mechanisms
Human versus natural nutrient inputs
Biological consequences
Processes in Hood Canal
(Newton, Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program web site)Parker-Stetter and Horne, 2008
HABs and Invasive Species
Ecosystems and human health consequences
Physical controls
Human inputs
Threats to Puget Sound
Climate variability
Local versus large-scale forcing
Coherence throughout Puget Sound
Implications to ecosystems?
Evaluations
Fill out 2 sets of bubble sheets, one for Julie and one for Parker(put our names at top of form)
Fill out 1 set of comments (yellow sheets)
Drop in campus mail