WRRe Bu lIetin 110

PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY QUALITY IN THE ROCK RIVER WATERSHED Southwest Minnesota

By Conrad P Straub Velta M Goppers Rexford D Singer

School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota

WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA GRADUATE SCHOOL

The work upon which this publication is based was supported in part by funds provided by the US Department of the Interior as authorized under the Water Research and Development Act of 1978 P L 95-467

Contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US Department of the Interior nor does mention of trade names of commercial products constitute their endorsement or recommendation for use by the US Government

October 1982

Page

52 Results bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 22

21 We11 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 22

5 bull 2 ~ell 2 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 22

523 Well 10 25

24 Shop Well 25

525 Distribution System bullbullbullbullbullbullbull

53 Discussion bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 29

54 Conclusions 29

60 Hardwick bullbullbull 30

61 introduction bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30

62 Results bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30

Discussion bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 326 bull

64 Cone usions bullbullbullbull 32

70 Luverne bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 32

71 Tnt roJuct ion

72 Results 33

721 South Fiel bull 33

7211 Well 7 bullbullbullbull 33

7212 4e1 lt) bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 38

7213 -Iell o 38

7214 el 38

7215 WelJ 112 - ~

7216 Well If 2

7217 Wdl 13 bullbullbullbullbullbull 42

7218 Haterworks No2 16

722 North Field If 6

7221 Wells 2 3 SA 6A 20A 19 and 21 46

723 Haterworks No I 46

724 Distribution Systembullbull 49

Discussion bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 49

731 South Field 49

732 North Field bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 49

733 Distribution System bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 49

74 Conclusions bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull 49

80 Individual Farm Jell bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 5

Ii

81 Introduction bullbullbullbull 5

82 Hesulls 51

83 Discussion 51

84 Conclusions bull 51

90 RefcrenCPs 51

iii

6

l FTGURES TABLES

Figure Numller Pagc

1 Mar showing study area 2

Location of Yells - Adrian 8

3 Adrian well 1 analytical results )

4 Adrian well 2 analytical results 11

Adrian 3 analvrical results 1

6 Adrian 4 unillytical results 14

7 Adrian distribution system power plant tap rpslllts bullbull 15

strmiddotihution system puhlic srhool ieal results bullbullbull 16

9 r anD results bullbull

O Edgprtol weI ana ieal results bullbull 21

11 Edgprlon well analytical resul ts Z4

12 Edgerton 10 lalytical resul bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 26

13 Edgerton gthop vell analytical rCfults bullbullbull 27

14 Idgerton distrihution svstcm analytical results bull 28

15 Hardwick mlllliciral supply analytical resul bull 31

16 Luverne locatioll 01 wells sOllth licmiddot1d VI

17 Luverne location 01 well 7 and waterworks No south [ield JS

18 Luverne lucation or velL and aterwork No 1 nortil ficld 36

19 Luverne south rield olell 7 111al yt ical n8ul 37 O

soull fi(ld well 9 analytical results 39

field vjC 1] [0 onllytic11 tiD

Luverne south field e11 12H ~ ~ l

Luverne south fie ld He 1 I 12 cd s I I

Houth field veIl I 1 olllt1lyt kal ~ 44

1uverne south field veIl Ll ana results 45

26 Luvcrllc sOllth field woterwOl~ks No lnalytical resul ts 47

27 Luverne north fteld wateTwork No I analytical results 48

28 Luverne distribution system analytical results 50

29 Individual farm well analytical results 52

iv

Table Number Pape

samples exceeding permissible or recommended values bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

v

Page

52 Results bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 22

21 We11 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 22

5 bull 2 ~ell 2 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 22

523 Well 10 25

24 Shop Well 25

525 Distribution System bullbullbullbullbullbullbull

53 Discussion bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 29

54 Conclusions 29

60 Hardwick bullbullbull 30

61 introduction bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30

62 Results bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30

Discussion bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 326 bull

64 Cone usions bullbullbullbull 32

70 Luverne bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 32

71 Tnt roJuct ion

72 Results 33

721 South Fiel bull 33

7211 Well 7 bullbullbullbull 33

7212 4e1 lt) bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 38

7213 -Iell o 38

7214 el 38

7215 WelJ 112 - ~

7216 Well If 2

7217 Wdl 13 bullbullbullbullbullbull 42

7218 Haterworks No2 16

722 North Field If 6

7221 Wells 2 3 SA 6A 20A 19 and 21 46

723 Haterworks No I 46

724 Distribution Systembullbull 49

Discussion bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 49

731 South Field 49

732 North Field bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 49

733 Distribution System bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 49

74 Conclusions bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull 49

80 Individual Farm Jell bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 5

Ii

81 Introduction bullbullbullbull 5

82 Hesulls 51

83 Discussion 51

84 Conclusions bull 51

90 RefcrenCPs 51

iii

6

l FTGURES TABLES

Figure Numller Pagc

1 Mar showing study area 2

Location of Yells - Adrian 8

3 Adrian well 1 analytical results )

4 Adrian well 2 analytical results 11

Adrian 3 analvrical results 1

6 Adrian 4 unillytical results 14

7 Adrian distribution system power plant tap rpslllts bullbull 15

strmiddotihution system puhlic srhool ieal results bullbullbull 16

9 r anD results bullbull

O Edgprtol weI ana ieal results bullbull 21

11 Edgprlon well analytical resul ts Z4

12 Edgerton 10 lalytical resul bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 26

13 Edgerton gthop vell analytical rCfults bullbullbull 27

14 Idgerton distrihution svstcm analytical results bull 28

15 Hardwick mlllliciral supply analytical resul bull 31

16 Luverne locatioll 01 wells sOllth licmiddot1d VI

17 Luverne location 01 well 7 and waterworks No south [ield JS

18 Luverne lucation or velL and aterwork No 1 nortil ficld 36

19 Luverne south rield olell 7 111al yt ical n8ul 37 O

soull fi(ld well 9 analytical results 39

field vjC 1] [0 onllytic11 tiD

Luverne south field e11 12H ~ ~ l

Luverne south fie ld He 1 I 12 cd s I I

Houth field veIl I 1 olllt1lyt kal ~ 44

1uverne south field veIl Ll ana results 45

26 Luvcrllc sOllth field woterwOl~ks No lnalytical resul ts 47

27 Luverne north fteld wateTwork No I analytical results 48

28 Luverne distribution system analytical results 50

29 Individual farm well analytical results 52

iv

Table Number Pape

samples exceeding permissible or recommended values bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

v

6

l FTGURES TABLES

Figure Numller Pagc

1 Mar showing study area 2

Location of Yells - Adrian 8

3 Adrian well 1 analytical results )

4 Adrian well 2 analytical results 11

Adrian 3 analvrical results 1

6 Adrian 4 unillytical results 14

7 Adrian distribution system power plant tap rpslllts bullbull 15

strmiddotihution system puhlic srhool ieal results bullbullbull 16

9 r anD results bullbull

O Edgprtol weI ana ieal results bullbull 21

11 Edgprlon well analytical resul ts Z4

12 Edgerton 10 lalytical resul bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 26

13 Edgerton gthop vell analytical rCfults bullbullbull 27

14 Idgerton distrihution svstcm analytical results bull 28

15 Hardwick mlllliciral supply analytical resul bull 31

16 Luverne locatioll 01 wells sOllth licmiddot1d VI

17 Luverne location 01 well 7 and waterworks No south [ield JS

18 Luverne lucation or velL and aterwork No 1 nortil ficld 36

19 Luverne south rield olell 7 111al yt ical n8ul 37 O

soull fi(ld well 9 analytical results 39

field vjC 1] [0 onllytic11 tiD

Luverne south field e11 12H ~ ~ l

Luverne south fie ld He 1 I 12 cd s I I

Houth field veIl I 1 olllt1lyt kal ~ 44

1uverne south field veIl Ll ana results 45

26 Luvcrllc sOllth field woterwOl~ks No lnalytical resul ts 47

27 Luverne north fteld wateTwork No I analytical results 48

28 Luverne distribution system analytical results 50

29 Individual farm well analytical results 52

iv

Table Number Pape

samples exceeding permissible or recommended values bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Without assistance of the [ollming individuals this project would noL have bten possible

Adrain - Leo J Hensen Water Superintendent

Leota Frank Gunnink Water Superintendent

Edgerton - Everett Nagelhorse City Manager Leroy Kreun Arlo Kreun Bill Vander Brey

Luverne Vernon Estes Water Superintendent Del Domagele Water Stlper intendent Bar ry Bail ey Marvin Gonnprman

Hardwick Emmptt Fodness Eugene Cragop

til addItion the assistance of EL Kuermast DNIl-State Climatologist i acknowl edged

lack Sahl Student Assistant performed some chemical anal in 1978-1979

This study was conducted under the auspices of the Environmontai Health Resenrch and Trnining Center School of Public llenlth University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455

vi

FOREIJORD

lois bulletin is publ ished in furtherance of the Federal Research and Development Act 1978 P

Act is to stimulate for the conduct of investigatlons

scientists in the field of wat(r and resources which Act is a more adpquatc national pr()grar~ of

water resources res(arch by financial assistancE to non-F(deral research

The Ac providfs for estab] j shrnent 1ater Jesourccs Research C(nshyIfrs at Universities throughout the Nation On Septemb(r 1964 a HaLer Resources ReSlarch Center was established (under thf ~ater Reshysearch Act of 1964 11 88-379) in the Craduate School as an Interdisshy

the Clinnesota The Cenllr has the and stimulating Univcrsi research 11th

SLate and Fedenll and State and assist in training ad

work in the wa t(~r resources through reslarch

111i s 10 in a stries of publications tel on wa Ler resources nsfarch in Hinn(sota

the r(search sponsored bv th( Cpnler

Bulldin rc13ted lO

A-038-~lj nn

Title Haler QUCili Studies SouthW(sUrn vrinncsola -----shy

Conrad P Straub lrofessor and Environmental Health School of University Hinnesota

Pro i (C L BeGan Oc tober 1 1977 Project Compl(ted 30 1980

VTI-B 8 13

as Director June 30 1980

Vll

4

====---=----C---_

Several municipal water supplies in the Rock River watershed in Southshywestern Minuesota ere tested on approximately a monthly basis for a little over two-years for tIe anions nitrate-nitrogen sulfate chloride and bicarbonate alkalinity as calcium carbonate and for total dissolved solids conductivity and pH Anions were selected for analysis because it was felt that they were better descriptors of the land use on ground water quality The ratios of the various anions nitrogen chloridenitrate-nit ragen su lfatechloride and bicarbonate alkalinity as calcium carbonatesull-ale served lo identify changes in water qaulity not associated with dilution

Find-ings indicated seasonal changes in water quality not necessarily in changes in the ratios generally increasing concentrations

nitrate-nitrogen in many instances exceeding permissible concentrations specified in the Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards c111d hilh dissolved soUds concentrations g(onerally exceeding recollunended Ifve1s specified in the Smiddotcondary Drinking Water Standnrds

lMater conCtntrations were compared lMitl surface water amples from the several streams springs and lakes in the area Some relations to land use practice on ground water quality and precipitaUon were indicated

The data have beeH utilized to call attention to deficiencies in later quality to the consumers of the waters in the communities concerned

viii

1 O INTRODUCTION

1 l Background

An earlier study indicated that municipal water supplies in southwes 2_Minnesota showed the greatest departure from accepted water quality norms The earlier study also showed the lack of continuous data available on water quality The current study provides a conlinuous record extending over a two-year period on specific anionic and other constituents in five rural municipal water supply systems and the effects of land use practices on water The material presented is a condensation opound a more detailed report

1 Study Arca

The study area sflected (shmn in fig 1) was located in the Rock River basin and included two communities in Nobles County (Adrian-1970 population 1178 and Leota-1970 population 125) one communi ty in County (Edgerton-1970 populo tion 11l9) and tvo COIllllnmi ties and one individual rural farm supply in Hock County (HardHick-1970 population and Luvlrneshy1970 popUlation 117()3) The rural farm supply was Located near Hardwick 111e Rock River was sampled at three locations in Edgerton near lIardwick alld in Luverne KClnaranzi Creek was sampled at two locations in area Two spring sampLes located in the Adrian area Has a tile field drain ncar Leota from ponds IOlateu ncar the south Ide

Ground watcr cervc-d tile SOllrce of supply for all i ties studied served by a single well or several Is example Lcota and lIardHick were strvmiddotd by a single e-Il Adrian and Edgerton by four wells Luverne hv It clls -- seven 1n each f two well fitld

Ii ty

informalion on ground water sotlrCt~S 111 Lhe ljvcr Hnsin Hydrogeological Tnv(stigaLioils Allas IIA-555 Ih rtlort

slales Clacial oUlwash Sill(1 and ~ravel is ~Ill illlporLanL surficial aquifer along the Rock River and several major creeks and gCTlCrally rang(2S in lil i ckshy11lS (rom (J to 40 f((t All ells samplclti were 11lt1J 10 and preslll11Cljlv in the 1a1 outwash sand and gravel ilh tl( exception or tile w(J t al lIardwiek which had a dcptll of (dO It The Sioux quartzite aquifer tapped by lhis vell The rcgtport goe un (uality 01 wat(r III gLlCial affected by deposil depLh surficial drainage 111e1 1

hedr(l(~k aquifers contains chemiCi)1 properti simillr frolll (lverlyill) glacial aqu1 fl- and is aff(2ctld by dral with bull glacial dqlOsi lc and pcrmcab Ie bedrock nee led hydro togic tem which moves ve rtica U v and to dil [erences 111 hydraulic pllttnlial

122 Rainfall

ater lluifcrs arc dependent i on til(

tatlon and contributions from Water tcd by precipitation surface cover 0 the

the land in qU(~stion--rrlrming animal production recreation)

4

====---=----C---_

Several municipal water supplies in the Rock River watershed in Southshywestern Minuesota ere tested on approximately a monthly basis for a little over two-years for tIe anions nitrate-nitrogen sulfate chloride and bicarbonate alkalinity as calcium carbonate and for total dissolved solids conductivity and pH Anions were selected for analysis because it was felt that they were better descriptors of the land use on ground water quality The ratios of the various anions nitrogen chloridenitrate-nit ragen su lfatechloride and bicarbonate alkalinity as calcium carbonatesull-ale served lo identify changes in water qaulity not associated with dilution

Find-ings indicated seasonal changes in water quality not necessarily in changes in the ratios generally increasing concentrations

nitrate-nitrogen in many instances exceeding permissible concentrations specified in the Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards c111d hilh dissolved soUds concentrations g(onerally exceeding recollunended Ifve1s specified in the Smiddotcondary Drinking Water Standnrds

lMater conCtntrations were compared lMitl surface water amples from the several streams springs and lakes in the area Some relations to land use practice on ground water quality and precipitaUon were indicated

The data have beeH utilized to call attention to deficiencies in later quality to the consumers of the waters in the communities concerned

viii

1 O INTRODUCTION

1 l Background

An earlier study indicated that municipal water supplies in southwes 2_Minnesota showed the greatest departure from accepted water quality norms The earlier study also showed the lack of continuous data available on water quality The current study provides a conlinuous record extending over a two-year period on specific anionic and other constituents in five rural municipal water supply systems and the effects of land use practices on water The material presented is a condensation opound a more detailed report

1 Study Arca

The study area sflected (shmn in fig 1) was located in the Rock River basin and included two communities in Nobles County (Adrian-1970 population 1178 and Leota-1970 population 125) one communi ty in County (Edgerton-1970 populo tion 11l9) and tvo COIllllnmi ties and one individual rural farm supply in Hock County (HardHick-1970 population and Luvlrneshy1970 popUlation 117()3) The rural farm supply was Located near Hardwick 111e Rock River was sampled at three locations in Edgerton near lIardwick alld in Luverne KClnaranzi Creek was sampled at two locations in area Two spring sampLes located in the Adrian area Has a tile field drain ncar Leota from ponds IOlateu ncar the south Ide

Ground watcr cervc-d tile SOllrce of supply for all i ties studied served by a single well or several Is example Lcota and lIardHick were strvmiddotd by a single e-Il Adrian and Edgerton by four wells Luverne hv It clls -- seven 1n each f two well fitld

Ii ty

informalion on ground water sotlrCt~S 111 Lhe ljvcr Hnsin Hydrogeological Tnv(stigaLioils Allas IIA-555 Ih rtlort

slales Clacial oUlwash Sill(1 and ~ravel is ~Ill illlporLanL surficial aquifer along the Rock River and several major creeks and gCTlCrally rang(2S in lil i ckshy11lS (rom (J to 40 f((t All ells samplclti were 11lt1J 10 and preslll11Cljlv in the 1a1 outwash sand and gravel ilh tl( exception or tile w(J t al lIardwiek which had a dcptll of (dO It The Sioux quartzite aquifer tapped by lhis vell The rcgtport goe un (uality 01 wat(r III gLlCial affected by deposil depLh surficial drainage 111e1 1

hedr(l(~k aquifers contains chemiCi)1 properti simillr frolll (lverlyill) glacial aqu1 fl- and is aff(2ctld by dral with bull glacial dqlOsi lc and pcrmcab Ie bedrock nee led hydro togic tem which moves ve rtica U v and to dil [erences 111 hydraulic pllttnlial

122 Rainfall

ater lluifcrs arc dependent i on til(

tatlon and contributions from Water tcd by precipitation surface cover 0 the

the land in qU(~stion--rrlrming animal production recreation)

l

bull1

I

R

)lt 0 (middot C7

lt ( r (

Hardwiltk I

amp1Kfnneth II

I Magnolia

I

amp

n Killer

Lismore

Q

~

jig 1 ~fln 11Poij 1 1 SllJdv ftl

To assess the possible effect of rainfall on ground ate] quali ty preCipitation data were obtained from the State Cliwatologist and that recorded at the Luverne Wastewater Treatment Plant It is extremely difficult to compare rainfall data which consists primarily of localized scattered showers over such a relatively large area to specific ground water situations monitored by our sampling operations Increased rainfall and infiltration will carry oxidized or mineralized nitrogen forms (primari nitrate-nitrogen) into the ground water limited precipitation and inshyfiltration will keep the mineralized nitrate and other anions from migrating [rom the upper soil horizons to lower formations Thus higher concentrations of these anions will be available [or plant uptake During the drought of 1976 higher concentrations of nitrates were reported in feed grains Anishymals consuming these feed-stuffs wcre exposed to higher intakes of nitrateshynitroGen and reports indicated problems with young weaned animals consuming high nitrate feedstuffs and water

11 Study Objectives

i3ased upon data from our earlier studyl five communi ties Slrveu by single or multiple wells from somewhat similar aquifers in the Rock Hiver hasin were sel(~c ted for s tlilly Analyses incluued chlorides suI f atcs md nitrate-nitrogen conductivity ami total dissolved solids bicarbonate 11shy

kalinity as calcium carbonate and pi were added about midway ti1ro1l1h the study anions selected -- nitially chlorides sulfates illld nitrateshynItrogen and later bicarbonate alkalinity -- move through the soil more readi and therefore shoul d provi de more spCci rie inforlnation rcgn rding chClnges in water quality as aCfecled by Lmu lise practices surficial contaminatioTl precipitation Total dissolved o-oliltls conductivity

would infoDnation characterizing ground water nfiltrot[ol from runoff or input from ]]ood and baseflow from sur race waters

4 Sampling

Twenty-seven each wen~ collected points during the period April 5 1978 through of samples vere (ollecteu from surfClc(middot sources over or when there was a lock of water Samples

trom most

during winter were coJ

collected in ur and

us (C RDS) with the help ill most cases 0

dent or one IUS nssistants Sampl(es were stoppered bottles which had been carefully Clsiwlti contamination and stor(~tl on ice as neressary SampJcs turneu to

within 211 hour after collection anu stoHd uncler re higca Illltil analyed Samples (n collected from the distrihution in community and from ench well wlwre more than one well contributed to SOllrcc of supply 111 ndditiol to the routine samplini outlined ahove two series of samples were collected over 24-hour periods frolll 11 at Adrian to determine changes in nitrate-nitrogen as a result or continuous pumping On two occasions samples subject to additional trpntmcnt by reverse osmosis were collected in 0 restollrant in Adrian and analyed for the parameters indicated earlier

A total of lOll samples wen collected for onalysis

3

1 5 Analytieal Hethods

Hith the exception lhe analysi nitrate-nItrogen all proeedures follmved those ven in Standard Hethods l-lith the wide ranfe o[ nitrateshy

trogen values observed in the samples collected the brucine desshycribed in Standard Hethods did not give consistent results and had to be modified Increased concentcatioTls of over those specified in Standard Nethods yielded more eonsistent and accurate results over the range of values obsPlved The IJach eonduetivity meter vJaS used to measure conduc tivi ty

All results [Ire reported to two siginifiennl figures

16 Basis Jor the Analytical Approach

indicated ear]jer anions speci fically chloride slllfilte and nishytratc-ni trogen woulu St rve as middotindica tors r cliangQ~) in 41 tpr qUill1 ty particulJrly if these anions pre eontributcd tilrouih suriic contaminants indicative laud usc pr-aetices The eillorid(s and sul fares would aLso rep regten t cont rtbllt iuns resuJ t Lng f rom Lac l 0 f i n1 i I t ra Llng wn t(r~middot) w

minerals or geoLogic rorm1Lions iunic rali vould not n[-reeled hy diiution or tration

One of the mliom mClsun_J III trate-ni is iltcd and mZlximuru rollcentral ion Ls hlttv(~ bcn pre[)crihell ill thp Ilrinking r Standilrds To minimizC hedllh cUc(ts nlCthcmogloblllcmLl ill i nfnDt this nitrogenL LLrllits for sulfatl chlllrilks llld to ids an currently included in Lhe regllLllions--tilosc Cllllccrned the aesthetic quali of waCcr Ai tllOlIf~iI indigenolls populations readUy acclimate Lo high sulfate Is trmsi L populations can suf[(r deshybtl i eftccts 11]( limit pregtJcrilwd lor cldorilks I fate and total di soUds arc 50 250 alld jOO inL rlspectivpJy CiICln)CS chJoride level Hould I t fro llsed ul chlorili(-colllainIlli salls

r uc--ici as JpJ 1 IS from animll (lXCreLl cptlc lank discharges ltlnd [erLilizers Sulfute concentrations ollid result from soj] hed rock dissolution snrface rLUlOrr (te Ahru[lt chilngPfi in LIte Ievlls should 1)(0 vieed itll sll~picion TIll result rc nporLcd each cOlllmllnLty

To assist in identifyilli cllimges in till anion concCntLlLio1ls reported due Lo [netors ollwr Lilan dilution or cOllcltntnHion unLoni ratios have hcen caleulated suI rntecllioride sulfalt)niUate-nitrogen chlorid nitrate-nitrogen awl bicarbonate alkalinity calcLulll cnrhonatesullate

LO SU~LgtlARY ANI) CONCUISlONS

21 SUllll1lary

01 study was t(l detlnnLrlL the seasonal vilriabil i water quaJity in Ludividual Hells Ling water frolll uimilar or di

lEers serving as ourccs or muni ipaL watEr upply in rural comrnunitj to relate these changes in vwur qual i ty to land lI[Oe practices

A lotal 1077 routine valer samples were collected from 4] sampling

4

points during the period April 4 1978 through Hay 2l 1980 Samples were collected from individual well [Oerving thp communities of Adrian Edgerton Hardwick and Luvernefrom distribution systems in Adrian Leota Edgerton and Luverne frolll two water treatment plants in Luverne from an individual rural farm water supply and from surface waters rivers creeks springs and ponds All ltvaters sampled were in the Rock River Basin

The samples ere analyzed for tile anions sllifate chloride and nitratpshynitrogen to measure the rol of these potential surficial contaminants on ground vater quality Of particular concern were the nitrate-nitrogen levels since the National Interim Drinking ltlater Standards liIlli the concentration to 10 mg nitrate-nitrogenL Additional supportIve anal include carbonate alkalinity calcium carbonate pll etlntuctivity and total dl ssolved solids The foLi owing ratios of an ions Were a10 calenla tprJ sulfatechloride suILltellilrate-nitrogen Jnt bicarbonate alkalinity as calcil1m carbonatesulfate

Conclusions

S pee if ic COlIC lus iOllS are incl nded undcr wa t e r supp [y presented arc general concJuslom appl icable to tlw

The resulls show that 11 lllllllbrr sampLes the Primary Secondary standards [or l1itratlo -nitrogvn nnd totnl dhsoLvod solids 10shy

speetivcly Thesv results along with those for chlorid and f[ltc arc slimmar iZl-U in 1

Di f Imiddoterences i 11 va ter qunl Lt Y Wlre observld in the slrving the municipality inJicDting seasonal and otlux variations in water ljuillity Where distribution em ltatCrs a blend of inputs froll1 spc1[ic wells these roflectld istiu 0 the primary sourct ell

location 0 thl sample t~lkel1 ill nlat ton to L Lon of Is (s(e Adriall pumping station dislriilut [elllS sysLcm sample as compaccJ th tlJ( public school drinking water sample)

The rLportlng of mean v(llucs i-or 1 series or bas no validity in cas(~s o[ incrctis i or decrcltl-d concclltration Dnd rHrhaps more l-cllancl~ can he give)) to the reporting of mcd Lan v11ucs lIHi rauges obs(rv~d

Seasonal vilriatiolls in watex quality reflected land praetices el1 as changes associa ted Hi til prcctpi tat ion

The varial n cOl1lcntrations obs(rvcd also re ts llJlon Lilt crecianCl of tho US EPA requirctnent a ingle analysis [or inoqonic constiluCllts in water at IntervalB of thrte years Whc~re tltcre i~ a vtrrI~ltion in Conshycentrations tllere i need for [Dore [r(uent SiJmpling

In many (veils serving these communities tho eoncentrntions of rogen are increasing with levels exceccling 10 nitrntc-nttrogenL

reflecting land use practices -- agr[cultllce agrl-busincss Since prilctica1 eC0I10Ill1C treatment methods are not avai lable Cor the removal of anions this problem of increased nitrate-nitrogen coneentcatioI1s in small rural cOl11l11unitiiCs is particularly significant [f concentrations continue to increase there will be a need to substitute more satisfactory Gupplies or to indieale as was done by community that the munieipal supply should not used in the preparation of infant formula particularly for

5

Table 1 Number of samples exceeding pennissible or recommended

PermIssible

LocatIon

N0 3-N

lt10 mgL

SOil

lt250 mgL

CL

2S0 mgL

Adrian Well 1 Well 2 1ell I Well 4

Power Plant Puh lie SCl100l

Leota DS

Edgerton Well ~ell

10 Well

IlS

Hardwick DS

Luverne So Field Well 7 Well Well 10 W(ll 11 Well 12 1el1 1211 Well 13 v - 2

Field 2

Well J I-ell S1 Well 6i1 gt1e11 I () Well 20A Well 21

- 1

Rural Farm We 11

DS us

1727 162 1927 1127 925

sin

1627 25

1927 23l 1727

827

127

924

1325

12)

2627 027 227

6

10

2727 2727 2727 2727 2727 2777

2627

7 2t 12 5

127 27 2 7 1227

2627 2526 212L 2626 2325

414 212S )424

1925 1527

727 1123

126 127

1622 424

2026

2727

infants under three months age Furthermore water quality becomes morc important as the use of home dialysis equipment hecomes more widespread

Individual supply showed higher concentrations of nIl par1shymeters measured individual owning the supply recognizing the deteri shyoration in -later sllpply and also its effecl On his farm animals joined a Rural Water District

The study points Ollt the need for more freqilellt monitoring and surveil shylance 01 rural municipal water supply systems and the need improvement o[ vater quality in these systems

30 ADRTAN

31 [ntroduction

The [our wells sprving the Village 0 Adrian are located as shown in Fig 2 Wei L 1 is located lIorth 01shy the Power Plant Well 2 north of the rail road tracks of the fertilizer receiving and dispensing faci ity and south of gptleral feed grnin supply aei I ity i~cll 3 soutil () Frankl in Strpct nelr the lIlunicipal swimming and Well north of RicL Street Tile latt(gtr two well s are I ()eated north 01 the concrete 1ip(gt plant and are In a rccr(alional area

11InFormation contained in Public Water Data in) water

supply faciLities in AdriltJll follows Population 1970) 1338 the supply is municipally owned and serves 400 service connections average daily conshysumption is 110000 gal (822 galcapita-dy or 275 lservice lionshy

bull with 150000 gal eJcvated Well I dug well in diameter 56 ft decpinstallCd in 1948 and equipped wiLlI a vertical turbine pump of 125 gpm capacity Well 2 is a dug -lell 14 ft in diameter 43 [t installed in and equipped wi th a verLical turbine pump of YO capacity Well 3 a drilled well 32 ft deep installed in 1956 and equipped with a vErtical turbine pump of I J5 gpl1l capacity ami Well l

is a drilled well 38 ft deep and equipped with it vertical turbine plmp of 115 gpl1l The treatment provided consists of the addition of hydroshyfluosilicic acid inerease the luor ide content the water These wells were sampled approximately monthly along with two locations on the distri shybutions system -- the cold later tap in the power plant machine shop and a cold water tap in the kitchen of Uw public schoo] On two occasions when access school was limited camples were taken a drinking lountain in the Education Office huilding located door to the school hlhen high nitrate-nitrogen levels in Well 2 precluded its use as a source of supply use of well was discontinued but we continued sampling throughshyout the remainder of the study period

l Reults 121 bull

The results ohtained are shown in bull 3 and may be summarized as follos sulfate levels ranged from 180 to 270 mgL with mean and median values of 21 0 and 230 mgL respectively chloride levels ranged from 20 to

with mean and median values of 29 and 28 mgL respectively nitrate-nitrogen levels ranged frol11ltO 82 mgL -lith mean and median values of 1 8 and 1 2 mgL respectively biearbona te alkalinity ranged from 220 to

w r----+---+--+--1----1 ~~c

o~i_-+__-+_-1-_-1----1

~

~

~ 00 r

a

c

------------t----+------t-------t- cos Cl~

-~-~

r~e

201

1 ~-~1 -5ffiWP

I

~~-+--+---+--+-~

I OB~--+--+---+--+-~

f-~S~ iii -I

---I------I------+----lt ocel

~ _+-_+-_+-_+-_ OOlI r

----- ------------------~--------

OB61

~--+---+-~lB

_-1-----1 Ct

We 11 iF 2

--shy -shy -

280 mgL with a mean and median value of 260 tolal dissolved soUds ranged from 520 to 1100 with mean and median values of 720 and 710 mg1 respectively conductivity ranged from 820 to 1300 PScm Uh mean and median values 1000 and 950 )lScm respectively pH ranged from 66 to 80 itil a median value of 74 sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 41 to 11 ith mean and median values of 86 and 9 respectively sulfaLenitrateshynitrogen values ranged from 26 to gt2500 Iith mean and median values of

10 and 200 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen values ranged [rom 62 to gt230 with mean and median values of to 22 respectively awl bicarbonate alkalinitysulfate values ranged 089 to 12 jeh mean and median of 11 and 12 respectively

322 ell 2

The concentrati observed ill Wll are hOlm in Fig 4 along with the calculated ratios results are summariced as follos sulfate concentraLions ranged from 73 to 200 mgL lth nnd median values of 140 and 150 mgL respectively chloride concentrations vorhd 36 to 170 mgL with mean and med values of 110 and 120 mg1 rtspectivcly nitrate-nitrogell concentrations ranged from 24 to 100 mgI lJith mean and nedlan valu1 of 20 and 14 mgL respectiveLy bicarbonate alkal inity levels varied from Z2() to 350 mgl with ilnd 1l1edliln villue of 290 and 310 mgL respectively total dissolved lids rmg(d [ to jtOO mgL with mean and med ian concentat ions 01 900 and R90 mgL respectively conductivity ranged from 6t0 to ZOOO liSem with mean and median lev(d s of IJOO 1400 pScm n[pectivel y Ill rmgcd froll 70 to 7R with a value 01 75 sulfatechloride ratios ranged from O to 21 with 111(11

aml medic111 of 1J Jlld I rlspectiveiy sulfat(nitrilte-nitrogen ranged from 4() with mean median vaJnes of 12 and 92 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogcn values ranged fcom 1 7 to 22 itl1 1111o1n and median valU(s of 90 ami 83 icarbonaLe ulkalini fate values ranged froll 1 median values respectively

5J Well j

ConcclltratioJls measured ror telS from d I 3 arc indicated in g alon~ 1th rhc calculatcd rat The results are ummaried as folIo sulfate concpntrations ranged Iroll 1middotlO to mgL i til and medi]Jl concentrations o[ 180 mgL chloridmiddot concentrat ions rilllged 100 to 180

mgI with mean and median conce-ntrat ions 140 mgL nitrate-nitrogen levels ranged [rom 5 to 16 mgI jtll ilnd llwdian values of 10 mgL bicarbonate alkalinity concentrnlions rangmiddotd from 240 to JOO mgL wi menn and me(Itan concentratjons of 270 and 2RO lllgL respectively dissolved soUd[o ranged from 720 to 1200 mgL with and med iiln conshycentrations or mgL couductivi ranged from 1100 to 1700 pScm wiLh mean anel viJlues of 1400 JlScm pll ranged r01ll 70 to 78 iLlI a median value of 75 the sulfatechloride riJtio ranged from 076 to 21 ith me3n and meciiJm values of 1) and 12 respctively trateshynitrogen ranged [rom 78 to 30 with mean ian values uf 19 lild i8 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen from 67 to 30 ith median values of 17 and 1 respectively and biearbonnte alkaLi ranged 12 to 23 lvith mean and median values f 1) and 14 tively

lO

100

SO

~ 60 ~

co

W

I II u

Cbo

~

~ U

=

1I I 980 -L---J

I-I 1400

J

~ 1200

n n

~ 1000

u q 800 e e n

II

1978 1980

2

~ ~ 600 0 ~ H~~

400 I 12200

a 1800 ~

i raquo

1400 ~

u

1000 ~ ~ ) o lbOO

It tvl J I 1I J vI i r l~ II ~

~OS~OlH

~-ri1 o

~

~

o

3kc-shyI shyI ~~ 1

j

Ishyltgt o ~

UI)~

~

ltshy ~

~

1BI GPllOS PltAtOStm lOl

~

ltshy gt1

E

1iw ~ tJ

)lt N

1Sm I NON

r

u OJ h

c

w gt ~~

OJ c lt1l

(V

c (j r -

~

21 Hell l

Heeasured concentrations in Fig 6 ratios of anions The results tions rangltd from 80 to 290 rugI itlJ nl(an and 220 and JJO mgI chloride ranged

along Fith calculated JoLloJs sulfate concentrashymedian concentrations of

from 92 to 230 mgL vith mean mu median iOIlS of 150 amI 140 mg] resplclivel nitrnteshynitrogen ranged to J 6 mgL th mean ond median val lies or II mgt llicorbonate alkalinity from gt30 to )80 mgL ith tlltlll anu meet ian concentrations 0 260 and 270 1 respeectivcly total dissolved rang(d Crom 6)0 to 300 mgL wi th n1((lJ) and med ian values () r 950 940 mgL respectively conductivity r1Jlfed I rom 110(1 to 170() ilCI1l wi til amI median values 01 140() liSem pI clTllcd from 70 to 78 with mct iiill value or 75 suJ fatechloride ranged from (IS6 to 24 with 1lI(J11 lIlt IllCCllall valucs of L slJfatenitrote-nitrol~ell cmged from Jj to JJ with iIlean ilnd il1dian val 20 1111 IS nlectivlly cl1l()rilticnitrnLcniLrogcn ranged from 10 to with mean ]ml IIlctLm values of 15 lIlt J I rtJlcctivcly and [)icltlrbollJtc a1ka1lnitysul late ranged fnHn 097 to 1 J wi1h lIleHII and median lies 1bullbull

1 5 Ilistrihution um Pl~lTlt Tap

11 Fi i and arc sUmlUdricu 1oelow llllilt( 280 mL vilh mean (md l11CdLm vnJucs 01

to 180 mgL) vith IlCrln (lnJ 1nldi~lll lu(s nllrJtQ-nilrugef) rangld from 014 to

IUeS 0 r ) a11d I 7 mgL rcspcc Li values

r( Hl1 ~)~O t l)

ni trate-njtrogcn rnlill 160 [0 Ij SO wi imd llO respcctively chloritiunitrate-nitrogcn with mean and valueS 01 1 and alkalinitvsul r(lngcd frol11 O1l6 to 14 ]i

326 Distrihution System - P111)lic (l1pol Kitchen Tap

Results havu been plotted in Fig 8 and arc summaritCd I oJ sulfate concentratioJ1s rangeJ from 110 to 240 mgL Vi tIl l1Ieilll (md lIlCu

values of ISO mgL chloriJe nllllcd I-rom 34 to ISO mL w11h meall r 130 mgL nitrate-nitrogen rangcd irpm 21 to 15 1l1gL

l1wdial1 vahws of 97 and 93 mg) respcctivel bicarbonate from 220 ami 2lt)0 [OIr with mean and IlHdian valHes

[espect lv(ly total dissolved eiD I ids GlIllcd from 700 to and median valllfs of 890 and SSO respectively

from 1100 to 1600 PScm vith mean and median vaLues of plI ranged Irom 7 [ to 7S itll ] median value 01 74 sulfate

from 079 to 66 with mean and median villiles of 1 6 and ively sulfatenllrate-nitrogen rnnged from 11 to S3 with mean

and median lles and 20 respectively chLoridenitrate-nitrogen 7 to wi th mean and median value~ of 15 And 1 respectively

13

280 mgL with a mean and median value of 260 tolal dissolved soUds ranged from 520 to 1100 with mean and median values of 720 and 710 mg1 respectively conductivity ranged from 820 to 1300 PScm Uh mean and median values 1000 and 950 )lScm respectively pH ranged from 66 to 80 itil a median value of 74 sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 41 to 11 ith mean and median values of 86 and 9 respectively sulfaLenitrateshynitrogen values ranged from 26 to gt2500 Iith mean and median values of

10 and 200 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen values ranged [rom 62 to gt230 with mean and median values of to 22 respectively awl bicarbonate alkalinitysulfate values ranged 089 to 12 jeh mean and median of 11 and 12 respectively

322 ell 2

The concentrati observed ill Wll are hOlm in Fig 4 along with the calculated ratios results are summariced as follos sulfate concentraLions ranged from 73 to 200 mgL lth nnd median values of 140 and 150 mgL respectively chloride concentrations vorhd 36 to 170 mgL with mean and med values of 110 and 120 mg1 rtspectivcly nitrate-nitrogell concentrations ranged from 24 to 100 mgI lJith mean and nedlan valu1 of 20 and 14 mgL respectiveLy bicarbonate alkal inity levels varied from Z2() to 350 mgl with ilnd 1l1edliln villue of 290 and 310 mgL respectively total dissolved lids rmg(d [ to jtOO mgL with mean and med ian concentat ions 01 900 and R90 mgL respectively conductivity ranged from 6t0 to ZOOO liSem with mean and median lev(d s of IJOO 1400 pScm n[pectivel y Ill rmgcd froll 70 to 7R with a value 01 75 sulfatechloride ratios ranged from O to 21 with 111(11

aml medic111 of 1J Jlld I rlspectiveiy sulfat(nitrilte-nitrogen ranged from 4() with mean median vaJnes of 12 and 92 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogcn values ranged fcom 1 7 to 22 itl1 1111o1n and median valU(s of 90 ami 83 icarbonaLe ulkalini fate values ranged froll 1 median values respectively

5J Well j

ConcclltratioJls measured ror telS from d I 3 arc indicated in g alon~ 1th rhc calculatcd rat The results are ummaried as folIo sulfate concpntrations ranged Iroll 1middotlO to mgL i til and medi]Jl concentrations o[ 180 mgL chloridmiddot concentrat ions rilllged 100 to 180

mgI with mean and median conce-ntrat ions 140 mgL nitrate-nitrogen levels ranged [rom 5 to 16 mgI jtll ilnd llwdian values of 10 mgL bicarbonate alkalinity concentrnlions rangmiddotd from 240 to JOO mgL wi menn and me(Itan concentratjons of 270 and 2RO lllgL respectively dissolved soUd[o ranged from 720 to 1200 mgL with and med iiln conshycentrations or mgL couductivi ranged from 1100 to 1700 pScm wiLh mean anel viJlues of 1400 JlScm pll ranged r01ll 70 to 78 iLlI a median value of 75 the sulfatechloride riJtio ranged from 076 to 21 ith me3n and meciiJm values of 1) and 12 respctively trateshynitrogen ranged [rom 78 to 30 with mean ian values uf 19 lild i8 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen from 67 to 30 ith median values of 17 and 1 respectively and biearbonnte alkaLi ranged 12 to 23 lvith mean and median values f 1) and 14 tively

lO

100

SO

~ 60 ~

co

W

I II u

Cbo

~

~ U

=

1I I 980 -L---J

I-I 1400

J

~ 1200

n n

~ 1000

u q 800 e e n

II

1978 1980

2

~ ~ 600 0 ~ H~~

400 I 12200

a 1800 ~

i raquo

1400 ~

u

1000 ~ ~ ) o lbOO

It tvl J I 1I J vI i r l~ II ~

~OS~OlH

~-ri1 o

~

~

o

3kc-shyI shyI ~~ 1

j

Ishyltgt o ~

UI)~

~

ltshy ~

~

1BI GPllOS PltAtOStm lOl

~

ltshy gt1

E

1iw ~ tJ

)lt N

1Sm I NON

r

u OJ h

c

w gt ~~

OJ c lt1l

(V

c (j r -

~

21 Hell l

Heeasured concentrations in Fig 6 ratios of anions The results tions rangltd from 80 to 290 rugI itlJ nl(an and 220 and JJO mgI chloride ranged

along Fith calculated JoLloJs sulfate concentrashymedian concentrations of

from 92 to 230 mgL vith mean mu median iOIlS of 150 amI 140 mg] resplclivel nitrnteshynitrogen ranged to J 6 mgL th mean ond median val lies or II mgt llicorbonate alkalinity from gt30 to )80 mgL ith tlltlll anu meet ian concentrations 0 260 and 270 1 respeectivcly total dissolved rang(d Crom 6)0 to 300 mgL wi th n1((lJ) and med ian values () r 950 940 mgL respectively conductivity r1Jlfed I rom 110(1 to 170() ilCI1l wi til amI median values 01 140() liSem pI clTllcd from 70 to 78 with mct iiill value or 75 suJ fatechloride ranged from (IS6 to 24 with 1lI(J11 lIlt IllCCllall valucs of L slJfatenitrote-nitrol~ell cmged from Jj to JJ with iIlean ilnd il1dian val 20 1111 IS nlectivlly cl1l()rilticnitrnLcniLrogcn ranged from 10 to with mean ]ml IIlctLm values of 15 lIlt J I rtJlcctivcly and [)icltlrbollJtc a1ka1lnitysul late ranged fnHn 097 to 1 J wi1h lIleHII and median lies 1bullbull

1 5 Ilistrihution um Pl~lTlt Tap

11 Fi i and arc sUmlUdricu 1oelow llllilt( 280 mL vilh mean (md l11CdLm vnJucs 01

to 180 mgL) vith IlCrln (lnJ 1nldi~lll lu(s nllrJtQ-nilrugef) rangld from 014 to

IUeS 0 r ) a11d I 7 mgL rcspcc Li values

r( Hl1 ~)~O t l)

ni trate-njtrogcn rnlill 160 [0 Ij SO wi imd llO respcctively chloritiunitrate-nitrogcn with mean and valueS 01 1 and alkalinitvsul r(lngcd frol11 O1l6 to 14 ]i

326 Distrihution System - P111)lic (l1pol Kitchen Tap

Results havu been plotted in Fig 8 and arc summaritCd I oJ sulfate concentratioJ1s rangeJ from 110 to 240 mgL Vi tIl l1Ieilll (md lIlCu

values of ISO mgL chloriJe nllllcd I-rom 34 to ISO mL w11h meall r 130 mgL nitrate-nitrogen rangcd irpm 21 to 15 1l1gL

l1wdial1 vahws of 97 and 93 mg) respcctivel bicarbonate from 220 ami 2lt)0 [OIr with mean and IlHdian valHes

[espect lv(ly total dissolved eiD I ids GlIllcd from 700 to and median valllfs of 890 and SSO respectively

from 1100 to 1600 PScm vith mean and median vaLues of plI ranged Irom 7 [ to 7S itll ] median value 01 74 sulfate

from 079 to 66 with mean and median villiles of 1 6 and ively sulfatenllrate-nitrogen rnnged from 11 to S3 with mean

and median lles and 20 respectively chLoridenitrate-nitrogen 7 to wi th mean and median value~ of 15 And 1 respectively

13

~OS~OlH

~-ri1 o

~

~

o

3kc-shyI shyI ~~ 1

j

Ishyltgt o ~

UI)~

~

ltshy ~

~

1BI GPllOS PltAtOStm lOl

~

ltshy gt1

E

1iw ~ tJ

)lt N

1Sm I NON

r

u OJ h

c

w gt ~~

OJ c lt1l

(V

c (j r -

~

21 Hell l

Heeasured concentrations in Fig 6 ratios of anions The results tions rangltd from 80 to 290 rugI itlJ nl(an and 220 and JJO mgI chloride ranged

along Fith calculated JoLloJs sulfate concentrashymedian concentrations of

from 92 to 230 mgL vith mean mu median iOIlS of 150 amI 140 mg] resplclivel nitrnteshynitrogen ranged to J 6 mgL th mean ond median val lies or II mgt llicorbonate alkalinity from gt30 to )80 mgL ith tlltlll anu meet ian concentrations 0 260 and 270 1 respeectivcly total dissolved rang(d Crom 6)0 to 300 mgL wi th n1((lJ) and med ian values () r 950 940 mgL respectively conductivity r1Jlfed I rom 110(1 to 170() ilCI1l wi til amI median values 01 140() liSem pI clTllcd from 70 to 78 with mct iiill value or 75 suJ fatechloride ranged from (IS6 to 24 with 1lI(J11 lIlt IllCCllall valucs of L slJfatenitrote-nitrol~ell cmged from Jj to JJ with iIlean ilnd il1dian val 20 1111 IS nlectivlly cl1l()rilticnitrnLcniLrogcn ranged from 10 to with mean ]ml IIlctLm values of 15 lIlt J I rtJlcctivcly and [)icltlrbollJtc a1ka1lnitysul late ranged fnHn 097 to 1 J wi1h lIleHII and median lies 1bullbull

1 5 Ilistrihution um Pl~lTlt Tap

11 Fi i and arc sUmlUdricu 1oelow llllilt( 280 mL vilh mean (md l11CdLm vnJucs 01

to 180 mgL) vith IlCrln (lnJ 1nldi~lll lu(s nllrJtQ-nilrugef) rangld from 014 to

IUeS 0 r ) a11d I 7 mgL rcspcc Li values

r( Hl1 ~)~O t l)

ni trate-njtrogcn rnlill 160 [0 Ij SO wi imd llO respcctively chloritiunitrate-nitrogcn with mean and valueS 01 1 and alkalinitvsul r(lngcd frol11 O1l6 to 14 ]i

326 Distrihution System - P111)lic (l1pol Kitchen Tap

Results havu been plotted in Fig 8 and arc summaritCd I oJ sulfate concentratioJ1s rangeJ from 110 to 240 mgL Vi tIl l1Ieilll (md lIlCu

values of ISO mgL chloriJe nllllcd I-rom 34 to ISO mL w11h meall r 130 mgL nitrate-nitrogen rangcd irpm 21 to 15 1l1gL

l1wdial1 vahws of 97 and 93 mg) respcctivel bicarbonate from 220 ami 2lt)0 [OIr with mean and IlHdian valHes

[espect lv(ly total dissolved eiD I ids GlIllcd from 700 to and median valllfs of 890 and SSO respectively

from 1100 to 1600 PScm vith mean and median vaLues of plI ranged Irom 7 [ to 7S itll ] median value 01 74 sulfate

from 079 to 66 with mean and median villiles of 1 6 and ively sulfatenllrate-nitrogen rnnged from 11 to S3 with mean

and median lles and 20 respectively chLoridenitrate-nitrogen 7 to wi th mean and median value~ of 15 And 1 respectively

13

ashy

bullbullshyo

11 ~ I

Cl mgL NOj-N I mgL 1V 0

0

~J

~

so mglL

Conductivity pSCISl LConductivlt) gt lScm L

8 j

Total DlaaolY~ Solida agLTvtal h~01vlJ SUlldS mL

~

I~

~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~

~

U o

mgL

~ ~

~

~

u

lt

o

m w r g

~ ~ o

li o HCOSltl~

N-ONOS ~CItO)H

I yen

~I I

- t--f ~

llru bull tpqoS ptoyn t1 0 l a -) ~)

o 0 () - ~ (1)

I~ ~tiTITmr i r

--- I I -=r= I I ~ I I ~

j---t-ik1 1_ LI I I

I r [ l~ I r-1 ~ 1= ~ I o gtD N ) (I N

1lt1u tn n to)H IUgtsft bull lHT13f1PUO)

1 0 ltgt 0~ ~ N~ r shy

~ I 1- I I I ~

~4-1mu$-U-~_IIEI ~ I-lt d lt

oJ t shy

1 Ii 1 10 I II 1 I I I ~

0~ 2 i 8 ~ V1Jw II-~olt VIItI bull_I3

6

11 and 18 with mean andand bicarbonate median values of

33 Discussion

Data reported by the Minnesota State Department ot Heal tll I these wells follows WeIll (368) sulfate 300 mgT chloride 22 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 13 lUgI bicarbonate 280 mgL anu pH 7 calculated ralios were slllf~techioride II 70 chloride nitrate-nitrogrul 51 and bicarbonate alkalinitysulfate 093 Well (368) sulfate ISO mgl chloride 52 milI nitr[lte-nitrogen IS

bicarbonate alkalinity 330 and ~J 70 calculated ratios were suI fatechloride 29 rate-nit 33 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 17 bicarbonatSlllfate 2 ~ell 3 0 and 373) o-ul[1lte 230 and 200 chloride 71 and 220 rugI nitrate-nitrogen 46 and 7 bicarbonate 270 and 370 mgL total dissolved solids I ductivity lS00 pSlc-m 073) pI 7 amI 7 ratios calculattd chloride 1 nut 091 sulfatpnitrnt-nltrogcn 50 and 28 nitrogen 15 and 31 aud 11 iC1lrbonatesulillte I) and 18 WeD 373 respctively) sulfate 183 240 and 180 mgL Chloride 210 and 100 nilratt-nitrogen )0 99 and 1 lllgL bicu-bonate 311 290 and 300 LotaL dissolved sol idr- 600 amI 890 mgIL (bri8 1l11 373) cunducshytivity 890 and [liOO pSC11l ((58 anci 373) Ill 73 7n ami 76 rat iDS calculatp( were sulfatechloride 76 11 allli 18 sulFntCnitrate-nitrogen 37 and j] chloridellitrltltc-nitrogen 118 21 and 71 and hicarbonate

sulfate 17 12 and 17

concentrations in the four- we] s reported for Wells I anti 2lj() ltllld 220 Illg])

reported for o)(lls 2 and 3 40 and 180 mgL) and with distribution system samples confoTIning wi til those o[ WI1 I

rLspcgtcLively) and those collected at the publ ie school representing an admixture primarily from Wells 3 and l and Well when was addcd to the distribution (mpan [uhlic school 80 WelJ 3 180 Well 4 220 and hlell 2 10 Illlt overed 1 range in values for th( four wltc lIs was 73 Gnd 290 0111 compared to previollsly repo rled of 180 to 300 mgL imlicnting litlle change in concentrations Eight of the nul fale scunples taken from 4el1 1 and 1 from Well1~ excepded Llll SLcontlry Drinking -Jater Standard for snli ates 01 lt250

owesl ill Jell I and til power plant disshyandl7 mgL respectivlly) iHPilJl vnlues

vuv ~H~ _ school distribution PS rere j I 0 140 ISO ami 130 mgL respectively Our overall valmes [rom 20 to

whereas previously reported data indicated individual values rangshying from 72 to 220 mgL All the measured values wpre Secondshyary Drinking Water Standard chlorides o[ ~ 250

Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were Ilighest in Well 2 and as preshyviollsly noted this well was not used after November 1978 but [ns sampled throughout the study period with the waters beitl discharged to an adjacent sewer Concentrations in Wen 2 from 24 to 100 wllenas the other wells ranged [rom 01 to 16 LOJest mean values were reported

WeLl I laquoItl mgL) mean values for JeIL 3 and 14 were 10 and 11 mg respectively Again the distribution system sample taken at the power

7

plant reflec ted the concentrations in Hell 1 and that at the publ ic school the concentrations in Wells 3 and 4 and Well 2 when it was discharging into the distribution sysUm Overall distribution sample means met the National Interim Primary Standard in Drinking Water for nitrate-nitrogen (lt10 mgl) but individual samples exceeded this concentration (Well 3 16 of 27 sampLes Wcll 1927 samples power plant distribution system samshyples 127 pllbHc school distribution system samples 925 t-lell 2 1727 samples Excluding the results reported for Well 2 the nitrate-nitrogen concentrations ranged from lt01 to 6 which can be compared to preshyviously reported concentrations of 43 14 mgL

ltCarbonate alkalinity concentration means were similar ranging from 260 to Thereas overall values ranged rrom 220 to 350 mgL compared with previously reported values of 270 to 370 mgL

Except for the total disolved solids vailles reported for Well (mean 720 mgL) all of the other ValllCS oIere similar (means Well 2 900 ]e11 J 920 and WeII 4 940 IL) The two distrihution system samples again reflected concentrations in l-Iel1 1 and Wels l and 4 respectively Overall the values obtained ranged from SW to 1400 meL compared to previously report(ed va of 600 to 1000 fIlgL All 3amples collected the Secondary Drinking ]ater Standard ror total dissolved sol ids

Conductivity values generally followed total dissolved solids values and ranged from 6O to 1700 liSem to previollsly reported values of 890 to 1500 liSem

Median pl1 values [or all well amI distribution system samples ranged from 74 to 75 with overall ranges of 66 to 80 compared to previously reported values of 70 to 76

Hi tit regard to tlw suI fa tel clll or iele ratios they oI(re in and the plant distribution system samples (means 86 and 76 reshy

spectivel and similar in Wells 2] 4 and the public school disshytribution system samples (means 1 3 1 3 15 and 16) Compared to values calculated from previously reported concentrations (range 091 to

2) our values ranged from 065 to 11 overed values are dependent to a great extent on the nitrate-nitrogen levels found in Well 1 and plant sample which had higher rotios (means gt]10 and 170 and values from Wells j and 4 and the jlublic school samples which were lOoler (means of 19 20 and 22 respectively) Well 2 had a mean value of 12 Valucs calculated froll previously reported analyses ranged froJ[[ 13 to 70 not too different from our calculated values Chlorshyidenitrate-nitrogen values were somewhat similar in that highest ratios were reported for WeIll and the power plant distribution system samples (means gt 33 and 21) compared to those calcul ated for ]1211 s gt and l and the public school distribution samples and Well L (means respectively 17 15 15 and 90) Calculated ratios [rom previous data ranged from 48 Lo 31 Bicarshybonatesulfate values were consistenl except for Well 2 (means Hell 1 11 Well 315 Well 1L power planL distributions system 12 school distributions system 15 and Well 2 26) Ratios cal from previously recorded values ranged from 093 to 22

18

l 4 Conc Iusions

Based upon the data presented the following conclusions are warranted

Even the four wells are not too far apart they exhibit rather different water quality characteristics Por example WeIll is highest in sulfate and lowest in tolal dissolved solids and conductivity t]ell 2 highest in nitrate-nitrogen Wells 3 and 4 highest in chlorides These differences probahly reflect proximity to given sources of surficial and groundolater contamination from differing land lise practices In addition the ratios o[ anions even though difrerences arc not large indicate a difrerence in WeIll compared to the other three wells except for bicarbonatesulfate

2 TI1lt distribution system sil1llpLlng locaUoll (s) reflect proximity to well source The ferellces shown for the two distribution system sampl(Cs collected indieate that sampling lueaUons should be carefully selected to obtain a lull-range of water quality consumed hy the puhUc

3 1 nllmhcr o[ individual sample [rolll Wells 2 3 and 4 shooled conshycentrations or nitrttte-ni lrogcn Cxc(~ldlng thE recofTUllcnclcd maximum concenshytrations limit of lU JUgL Since the recommended [relt]uency for analyst or inorganic constituents in water is once every threc yelrs it is evident Lllcll here mlrkeJ rluctlliltions in concentration occur such infrequent analyses do not provide inforlllation on I and other changes which IlIClY freet tlw COI1C(ntrat ions ohserved

4 on 01 1 trille-nitrogen in pnrticular s J and prompted tIll Village

wlter not be llsed in the Irel1aration 0 in[lJ1t tent iaJ lor lIerllcmo)~lobinemia and that SOllrCl

n-i trat(-ni Lrogtl1 bc~ uSLd

5 Scvernl samples exceeded tillgt slcondary drinking oIatlr regulntion with llgard to till ncolllmcnti(d sulJall COl1centrnt ion (cZ250 IUgL) al L samples collectld lx((cded the r(commcntlcmiddotd tota dissolved s1gt1 ids concnshy

tratioll of 500 mgL

6 BleTldiIlg r lhat is r tncremLnt I W( lower in a )iven COllstituent ]wrlllits overall vatvr luality in this case increased pump i rr)m e I J I in contrast to ~eLls and nshysuIts in a lower trntion 01 nit rate-ni in the Jnlillici pal supplv

100(r concentrations cannot he ohtained through bending only tolO altershytivps arc availahle treaL thl exist in) sourcc to nllOve till ohjectionshy

able ageot (txpcnslve in tilt ca~c nf nniOl1f) or finding more suitnblc sources of water cupply

O LEOTA

4 I Introdllc tion

The Leota oIater i privately owned provides water for population of lL5 ( census) There 42 servic~lconnecLions and the average consumplion oIas reported to he 19000 day This is equivalent

19

N-ONOS ~CItO)H

I yen

~I I

- t--f ~

llru bull tpqoS ptoyn t1 0 l a -) ~)

o 0 () - ~ (1)

I~ ~tiTITmr i r

--- I I -=r= I I ~ I I ~

j---t-ik1 1_ LI I I

I r [ l~ I r-1 ~ 1= ~ I o gtD N ) (I N

1lt1u tn n to)H IUgtsft bull lHT13f1PUO)

1 0 ltgt 0~ ~ N~ r shy

~ I 1- I I I ~

~4-1mu$-U-~_IIEI ~ I-lt d lt

oJ t shy

1 Ii 1 10 I II 1 I I I ~

0~ 2 i 8 ~ V1Jw II-~olt VIItI bull_I3

6

11 and 18 with mean andand bicarbonate median values of

33 Discussion

Data reported by the Minnesota State Department ot Heal tll I these wells follows WeIll (368) sulfate 300 mgT chloride 22 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 13 lUgI bicarbonate 280 mgL anu pH 7 calculated ralios were slllf~techioride II 70 chloride nitrate-nitrogrul 51 and bicarbonate alkalinitysulfate 093 Well (368) sulfate ISO mgl chloride 52 milI nitr[lte-nitrogen IS

bicarbonate alkalinity 330 and ~J 70 calculated ratios were suI fatechloride 29 rate-nit 33 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 17 bicarbonatSlllfate 2 ~ell 3 0 and 373) o-ul[1lte 230 and 200 chloride 71 and 220 rugI nitrate-nitrogen 46 and 7 bicarbonate 270 and 370 mgL total dissolved solids I ductivity lS00 pSlc-m 073) pI 7 amI 7 ratios calculattd chloride 1 nut 091 sulfatpnitrnt-nltrogcn 50 and 28 nitrogen 15 and 31 aud 11 iC1lrbonatesulillte I) and 18 WeD 373 respctively) sulfate 183 240 and 180 mgL Chloride 210 and 100 nilratt-nitrogen )0 99 and 1 lllgL bicu-bonate 311 290 and 300 LotaL dissolved sol idr- 600 amI 890 mgIL (bri8 1l11 373) cunducshytivity 890 and [liOO pSC11l ((58 anci 373) Ill 73 7n ami 76 rat iDS calculatp( were sulfatechloride 76 11 allli 18 sulFntCnitrate-nitrogen 37 and j] chloridellitrltltc-nitrogen 118 21 and 71 and hicarbonate

sulfate 17 12 and 17

concentrations in the four- we] s reported for Wells I anti 2lj() ltllld 220 Illg])

reported for o)(lls 2 and 3 40 and 180 mgL) and with distribution system samples confoTIning wi til those o[ WI1 I

rLspcgtcLively) and those collected at the publ ie school representing an admixture primarily from Wells 3 and l and Well when was addcd to the distribution (mpan [uhlic school 80 WelJ 3 180 Well 4 220 and hlell 2 10 Illlt overed 1 range in values for th( four wltc lIs was 73 Gnd 290 0111 compared to previollsly repo rled of 180 to 300 mgL imlicnting litlle change in concentrations Eight of the nul fale scunples taken from 4el1 1 and 1 from Well1~ excepded Llll SLcontlry Drinking -Jater Standard for snli ates 01 lt250

owesl ill Jell I and til power plant disshyandl7 mgL respectivlly) iHPilJl vnlues

vuv ~H~ _ school distribution PS rere j I 0 140 ISO ami 130 mgL respectively Our overall valmes [rom 20 to

whereas previously reported data indicated individual values rangshying from 72 to 220 mgL All the measured values wpre Secondshyary Drinking Water Standard chlorides o[ ~ 250

Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were Ilighest in Well 2 and as preshyviollsly noted this well was not used after November 1978 but [ns sampled throughout the study period with the waters beitl discharged to an adjacent sewer Concentrations in Wen 2 from 24 to 100 wllenas the other wells ranged [rom 01 to 16 LOJest mean values were reported

WeLl I laquoItl mgL) mean values for JeIL 3 and 14 were 10 and 11 mg respectively Again the distribution system sample taken at the power

7

plant reflec ted the concentrations in Hell 1 and that at the publ ic school the concentrations in Wells 3 and 4 and Well 2 when it was discharging into the distribution sysUm Overall distribution sample means met the National Interim Primary Standard in Drinking Water for nitrate-nitrogen (lt10 mgl) but individual samples exceeded this concentration (Well 3 16 of 27 sampLes Wcll 1927 samples power plant distribution system samshyples 127 pllbHc school distribution system samples 925 t-lell 2 1727 samples Excluding the results reported for Well 2 the nitrate-nitrogen concentrations ranged from lt01 to 6 which can be compared to preshyviously reported concentrations of 43 14 mgL

ltCarbonate alkalinity concentration means were similar ranging from 260 to Thereas overall values ranged rrom 220 to 350 mgL compared with previously reported values of 270 to 370 mgL

Except for the total disolved solids vailles reported for Well (mean 720 mgL) all of the other ValllCS oIere similar (means Well 2 900 ]e11 J 920 and WeII 4 940 IL) The two distrihution system samples again reflected concentrations in l-Iel1 1 and Wels l and 4 respectively Overall the values obtained ranged from SW to 1400 meL compared to previously report(ed va of 600 to 1000 fIlgL All 3amples collected the Secondary Drinking ]ater Standard ror total dissolved sol ids

Conductivity values generally followed total dissolved solids values and ranged from 6O to 1700 liSem to previollsly reported values of 890 to 1500 liSem

Median pl1 values [or all well amI distribution system samples ranged from 74 to 75 with overall ranges of 66 to 80 compared to previously reported values of 70 to 76

Hi tit regard to tlw suI fa tel clll or iele ratios they oI(re in and the plant distribution system samples (means 86 and 76 reshy

spectivel and similar in Wells 2] 4 and the public school disshytribution system samples (means 1 3 1 3 15 and 16) Compared to values calculated from previously reported concentrations (range 091 to

2) our values ranged from 065 to 11 overed values are dependent to a great extent on the nitrate-nitrogen levels found in Well 1 and plant sample which had higher rotios (means gt]10 and 170 and values from Wells j and 4 and the jlublic school samples which were lOoler (means of 19 20 and 22 respectively) Well 2 had a mean value of 12 Valucs calculated froll previously reported analyses ranged froJ[[ 13 to 70 not too different from our calculated values Chlorshyidenitrate-nitrogen values were somewhat similar in that highest ratios were reported for WeIll and the power plant distribution system samples (means gt 33 and 21) compared to those calcul ated for ]1211 s gt and l and the public school distribution samples and Well L (means respectively 17 15 15 and 90) Calculated ratios [rom previous data ranged from 48 Lo 31 Bicarshybonatesulfate values were consistenl except for Well 2 (means Hell 1 11 Well 315 Well 1L power planL distributions system 12 school distributions system 15 and Well 2 26) Ratios cal from previously recorded values ranged from 093 to 22

18

l 4 Conc Iusions

Based upon the data presented the following conclusions are warranted

Even the four wells are not too far apart they exhibit rather different water quality characteristics Por example WeIll is highest in sulfate and lowest in tolal dissolved solids and conductivity t]ell 2 highest in nitrate-nitrogen Wells 3 and 4 highest in chlorides These differences probahly reflect proximity to given sources of surficial and groundolater contamination from differing land lise practices In addition the ratios o[ anions even though difrerences arc not large indicate a difrerence in WeIll compared to the other three wells except for bicarbonatesulfate

2 TI1lt distribution system sil1llpLlng locaUoll (s) reflect proximity to well source The ferellces shown for the two distribution system sampl(Cs collected indieate that sampling lueaUons should be carefully selected to obtain a lull-range of water quality consumed hy the puhUc

3 1 nllmhcr o[ individual sample [rolll Wells 2 3 and 4 shooled conshycentrations or nitrttte-ni lrogcn Cxc(~ldlng thE recofTUllcnclcd maximum concenshytrations limit of lU JUgL Since the recommended [relt]uency for analyst or inorganic constituents in water is once every threc yelrs it is evident Lllcll here mlrkeJ rluctlliltions in concentration occur such infrequent analyses do not provide inforlllation on I and other changes which IlIClY freet tlw COI1C(ntrat ions ohserved

4 on 01 1 trille-nitrogen in pnrticular s J and prompted tIll Village

wlter not be llsed in the Irel1aration 0 in[lJ1t tent iaJ lor lIerllcmo)~lobinemia and that SOllrCl

n-i trat(-ni Lrogtl1 bc~ uSLd

5 Scvernl samples exceeded tillgt slcondary drinking oIatlr regulntion with llgard to till ncolllmcnti(d sulJall COl1centrnt ion (cZ250 IUgL) al L samples collectld lx((cded the r(commcntlcmiddotd tota dissolved s1gt1 ids concnshy

tratioll of 500 mgL

6 BleTldiIlg r lhat is r tncremLnt I W( lower in a )iven COllstituent ]wrlllits overall vatvr luality in this case increased pump i rr)m e I J I in contrast to ~eLls and nshysuIts in a lower trntion 01 nit rate-ni in the Jnlillici pal supplv

100(r concentrations cannot he ohtained through bending only tolO altershytivps arc availahle treaL thl exist in) sourcc to nllOve till ohjectionshy

able ageot (txpcnslve in tilt ca~c nf nniOl1f) or finding more suitnblc sources of water cupply

O LEOTA

4 I Introdllc tion

The Leota oIater i privately owned provides water for population of lL5 ( census) There 42 servic~lconnecLions and the average consumplion oIas reported to he 19000 day This is equivalent

19

plant reflec ted the concentrations in Hell 1 and that at the publ ic school the concentrations in Wells 3 and 4 and Well 2 when it was discharging into the distribution sysUm Overall distribution sample means met the National Interim Primary Standard in Drinking Water for nitrate-nitrogen (lt10 mgl) but individual samples exceeded this concentration (Well 3 16 of 27 sampLes Wcll 1927 samples power plant distribution system samshyples 127 pllbHc school distribution system samples 925 t-lell 2 1727 samples Excluding the results reported for Well 2 the nitrate-nitrogen concentrations ranged from lt01 to 6 which can be compared to preshyviously reported concentrations of 43 14 mgL

ltCarbonate alkalinity concentration means were similar ranging from 260 to Thereas overall values ranged rrom 220 to 350 mgL compared with previously reported values of 270 to 370 mgL

Except for the total disolved solids vailles reported for Well (mean 720 mgL) all of the other ValllCS oIere similar (means Well 2 900 ]e11 J 920 and WeII 4 940 IL) The two distrihution system samples again reflected concentrations in l-Iel1 1 and Wels l and 4 respectively Overall the values obtained ranged from SW to 1400 meL compared to previously report(ed va of 600 to 1000 fIlgL All 3amples collected the Secondary Drinking ]ater Standard ror total dissolved sol ids

Conductivity values generally followed total dissolved solids values and ranged from 6O to 1700 liSem to previollsly reported values of 890 to 1500 liSem

Median pl1 values [or all well amI distribution system samples ranged from 74 to 75 with overall ranges of 66 to 80 compared to previously reported values of 70 to 76

Hi tit regard to tlw suI fa tel clll or iele ratios they oI(re in and the plant distribution system samples (means 86 and 76 reshy

spectivel and similar in Wells 2] 4 and the public school disshytribution system samples (means 1 3 1 3 15 and 16) Compared to values calculated from previously reported concentrations (range 091 to

2) our values ranged from 065 to 11 overed values are dependent to a great extent on the nitrate-nitrogen levels found in Well 1 and plant sample which had higher rotios (means gt]10 and 170 and values from Wells j and 4 and the jlublic school samples which were lOoler (means of 19 20 and 22 respectively) Well 2 had a mean value of 12 Valucs calculated froll previously reported analyses ranged froJ[[ 13 to 70 not too different from our calculated values Chlorshyidenitrate-nitrogen values were somewhat similar in that highest ratios were reported for WeIll and the power plant distribution system samples (means gt 33 and 21) compared to those calcul ated for ]1211 s gt and l and the public school distribution samples and Well L (means respectively 17 15 15 and 90) Calculated ratios [rom previous data ranged from 48 Lo 31 Bicarshybonatesulfate values were consistenl except for Well 2 (means Hell 1 11 Well 315 Well 1L power planL distributions system 12 school distributions system 15 and Well 2 26) Ratios cal from previously recorded values ranged from 093 to 22

18

l 4 Conc Iusions

Based upon the data presented the following conclusions are warranted

Even the four wells are not too far apart they exhibit rather different water quality characteristics Por example WeIll is highest in sulfate and lowest in tolal dissolved solids and conductivity t]ell 2 highest in nitrate-nitrogen Wells 3 and 4 highest in chlorides These differences probahly reflect proximity to given sources of surficial and groundolater contamination from differing land lise practices In addition the ratios o[ anions even though difrerences arc not large indicate a difrerence in WeIll compared to the other three wells except for bicarbonatesulfate

2 TI1lt distribution system sil1llpLlng locaUoll (s) reflect proximity to well source The ferellces shown for the two distribution system sampl(Cs collected indieate that sampling lueaUons should be carefully selected to obtain a lull-range of water quality consumed hy the puhUc

3 1 nllmhcr o[ individual sample [rolll Wells 2 3 and 4 shooled conshycentrations or nitrttte-ni lrogcn Cxc(~ldlng thE recofTUllcnclcd maximum concenshytrations limit of lU JUgL Since the recommended [relt]uency for analyst or inorganic constituents in water is once every threc yelrs it is evident Lllcll here mlrkeJ rluctlliltions in concentration occur such infrequent analyses do not provide inforlllation on I and other changes which IlIClY freet tlw COI1C(ntrat ions ohserved

4 on 01 1 trille-nitrogen in pnrticular s J and prompted tIll Village

wlter not be llsed in the Irel1aration 0 in[lJ1t tent iaJ lor lIerllcmo)~lobinemia and that SOllrCl

n-i trat(-ni Lrogtl1 bc~ uSLd

5 Scvernl samples exceeded tillgt slcondary drinking oIatlr regulntion with llgard to till ncolllmcnti(d sulJall COl1centrnt ion (cZ250 IUgL) al L samples collectld lx((cded the r(commcntlcmiddotd tota dissolved s1gt1 ids concnshy

tratioll of 500 mgL

6 BleTldiIlg r lhat is r tncremLnt I W( lower in a )iven COllstituent ]wrlllits overall vatvr luality in this case increased pump i rr)m e I J I in contrast to ~eLls and nshysuIts in a lower trntion 01 nit rate-ni in the Jnlillici pal supplv

100(r concentrations cannot he ohtained through bending only tolO altershytivps arc availahle treaL thl exist in) sourcc to nllOve till ohjectionshy

able ageot (txpcnslve in tilt ca~c nf nniOl1f) or finding more suitnblc sources of water cupply

O LEOTA

4 I Introdllc tion

The Leota oIater i privately owned provides water for population of lL5 ( census) There 42 servic~lconnecLions and the average consumplion oIas reported to he 19000 day This is equivalent

19

to 152 galcapita-day or 452 galservice connection-day 111e dug well installed in 1)68 is 39 ft deep is equipped Vith a submersible pump of _1gt~OS N-~ONl_lgt 390 gpm capacity and 11000 gal of ground storage is provided There is o o

no treatment of the water prior to discharge into the distribution system

Samples were taken at a kitchen tap or from a ho~e bib located on the Vest side of the water superintendents home If-If 2 Rsul ts

The results are plottcod in Fig 9 and are summarized as follows sullate concentrations ranged [middotrom 100 to 150 mgL ith mean and median values 130 mgL chlorides ranged from 14 to 36 mgL with mean and median values of 27 and 28 mgL respectively nttrate-nttrogen concentrashytions ranged from 27 to Ll mgt wi th mean and mcodian values o[ 78 and 76 respcoctively bicmhonate alkal i [lity rmged from 250 to 310 mgl

~ Vitl1 mean and median vall1(gts o[ 280 mgL total dissolved soltds ranged from i r450 to 700 TIlgL ]1111 mean and median concentrations of 630 and 610 IllgL

respectiVEly conductivity rlt1nted from 740 to noo SCIIl with mpan and t1dian vcllues of jJScm md pll ranged [rom 68 to 80 VitI] ltJ median value of 77 Computed ratios wen sulfatechloride range 28 to 8 II _----l__

o o ltgt o () 0 itl and median values 0 r 52 and ) 0 respctively ~illllatenitrate- o o ltgt -gtc (J

N - co nitrogen range J1 to 47 with mem and median vallies o[ 19 and 17

A 11111 gtnpuo)nsleetivJ y cllloridE to ni traLe-nitrogen range 16 to 81 wi Lll menn and mEdian values or middotLmiddotI 2 respectively Hld bicarllOn]tcsulfatc rang 17 to ]0 Vi til mEall and TIledlll val 0 22

4J I) i sc

UnL st for colI eetld in December 1971 Vas pre vioudy recorded CUllcCIlLraLinns ere sui Cate I midI chloride 1jiru os 1jiru SIl OJH mgL trnl-e-niLroglll I I11gI total dissoivLd solids 610 mgL [bonate alkalinIty no mgL and pll 7 bull 1 Ratio caJculated from tllese values WP[e

suI fa tecld )tide 16 fatenitrate-nitrogen 10 cldoridenLtratL shynitrogen L 7 Hud iJicarhonatesulfaL 1 sample col ted on l1cJrch 15 L)7tl shmved a nitrnt-nitr()l~I) COllcclltrntioll of JI Iile current series or results differed slightl fnlill Lill previous] reported single sample

Ii Cone 1(lsions

TIIP [()lJmvin)~ conclosJol1s 1r( bascd IljlOll Llll presCIlled

1 Five 0 sanllllcs ell] 0xccc(icc] the recolIllllended primClry interim d middotJater standard of to IIIgL middot1JEl1ty-six 01 27 samples eXl(lded the sccondary recommended value 01 SOO mgL Lor tot)l d issulvEd so Ii

2 lorile conLCntrltion lncrcltlsd during our tucly from a valuc o[ 14 to 36 mgL hlcll may he dill to the preslnce of tank dischargcf contaminating thp ground wdter aquifpr or the mw ro]d salt during gtJinter months

1jiru1W 11-011 1gttw 1)

20

() 0

ltgt 0 (J co

o

o N M

o

o o

o

0gt tshyo

ro 0shy

-lt

sPT10S pe10 1G 11310 1

g

t-Ogt

ro [t- 0gt -lt

r OJ h

cy

laquo16 [t

include

oec(Jsionally

Soles

needs

50

roduction

Edgerton harl a reported or 1119 in 1970 It is served by a municipal water supply through 350 scrvice connections Average daiJy conswuption was 40000 gal (J6 and 114 galservice connec-

Some main Jclls arc l)ut several of these nre no longer In use or productive tTl 1976 to augment the quallltity and to improve the qualj ty a hlHtd gravel packell weLl was constructed which is 46 ft rlCfP and equipped wiLil a submersihlc pump of ISO gpm capac Tbis well is irlentificrl as j(lJ to in onr tudy Elev3ted storage 37000 gaJ and ground storage o[ 100000 are availahle

Several shallow 1(middot11 Edgerton ThCse currently 0)

and clusler of wells (Well icipal Cnrag(~ is used

tit expanded Heller the distrihution

in Llw Chevrolcot

5

5 bullbull ~ bull tJtll

nmiddot~slllts arc p]otted i11 Fj 1 Jnd summarizlu h(~l()J Sulfate conctlltratlons ranged [r)[[ (I to lW hlith T1Hm lllel Illedimi v1Jue of

and 96 illL respectively cltillrilks ranged [rom Jil to flO mgL viLh mean and llltdim vaLues of 4 ](I l) I1IgL rcs]llctivvly nItrate-nil raTlfed from Igt to 17 T11)L Iitll mean and 111tdIall vlIucs of II llli~L carbonate alknlillity raned Irom 180 to 310 mgL Iell Ileall and metlian valucis of 2)() l1ld 260 mgL r(sl)lt[( i Loull di50lvcd 501 ids ]iO to lt)lt)0 mjL with Ililan a IIII Illldian lucs 01 i80 lild 560 tivlly cOlllluctivity ran~lmiddotd fnll1l (lt)0 to 1100 ISClIl 1

vahlts () f 830 alld 850 fJ Sem nspIc t and with lIltdim vallie of 7b CalcuLI Llos range J to gtIl witi mean ltld JO rcsjlcctively sulfateni L tC~ll i lYogCll median valnls r 1 9 respectively chloridcnl rlfC 10 to j 8

anrl lIledian values iveLy and hLcnrhonatc

19 to vollcS 0[- 25 and 2 1

c1

Onr fjndings arp plLlttccl in F1 11 nnd are SUlU1lilr1Zerl belmgtl SlIlfatl rlt1nged from 11 lo 1)0 1tll melon md l11etll1n villuc of

chloride ranged from 26 til 8t l-lith mean and median values Iand 48 mgL respectively llitri1te-nitrogen rilllf(d from vitl mcall aml median vaLuES () 65 anrl 59 repecLiveJ

38 to

carbonA alkalinity ranged from 210 to no lIlgL Vith mcan and va IlIGs 260 and 230 lllgL rC]lCc t lvely total d isso 1v(Cd soliels ranged 310 to 810 mgL Hitl mean and median val 0 620 and 600 mgL rcspecshytively conducLivi ty ranged from 760 to lvi th mean and median valucs 890 and 810 liSCOl respeclively md pH from 69 to 8 wi ell mcdian value of J 7 Calcnlated ratios low suI fatechloride

05OJH

middotmiddot~et a l

~ ~ ~

Ul)srl kjTAl1mP1l0)

()

(J 0

r 2

f

r L

gt l ) (I

_lJOS rPTtoS rJTclGI(q 110J

v~ 0$ 1I~ (r))G IOl1

c

c

~

1 TJ 1111gt

~ )

i-i _t)O$

ltgt ltgt

[li _f1l

I u o o I oI o11__L___ o L o o o Cgt

o ro -lt

W)stl bull11 th11)npuo)

N-ON_lJ ltgt o o OJ

)1 I 1I Nshy

I - ~ ltgt I OJH0 _ _~-ON=os

o co 0

0shyrshy-

co rshy0shy-

1iu1 bull~OS 1liw cOgtgt

0 co -

J shy0 r-

~

5

co rshyef -

o 0 ltgt o o ltgtN ~ Cgt o a ltD 1lnu tI-Oll 1jIw Tgt 1liw sPHOS peAOSS(] t01

from I to IJ with mean and median values of 5 and 4 sulfateniLrate-ni ranged from 4 to 31 with mean and of and 21 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen ran13ed 16 wilh mean and median values ot 80 and 82 respectively sulfate ranged roUl 17 to 9 with meall we mcdian values 0 respectively

23 ]0

respec ti ve y median values from 17 and bicarbonate

1 and 0

inalytlcal values rt plotted in 12 and are summarized below Sui conccntrntions ranged from 26 to 77 mgL with mean and median values of )7 and 58 respecUvely chlorides rrom 45 to 10 mgL witl mean nnd median concentrations 67 and 70 respectively nishytra le-ni t rogen ranged f rom I 6 to J 7 mg L wi th mean lnd llletii111 values 0 f 12 and 13 IllgL resplctivcly hicarhonate al lnity ranged 160 to 470 mgt wi th 11](ln and median lues II r 220 total di so Lids ranged frolll 220 to i60 mgL with Illean and median values 0 400 mgL conshyductIvity rltlllcd from 550 to 800 Vith mean and median values of 6JO and 620 IISelll res[l(ctively and Ill rltlnged from 71 to 93 ith a median value of 77 Calculated ratios were latechloride r111ge from 5 to ill Idtll ille)n nnd an values oj 81 and 82 respectively sulratenishytrate-nitnlglll range from 29 to 15 mean and medLan values of 3 ami 1 8 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen 11011 035 to 11 Ivitll mean and median valu of 062 060 respectively and bicarboflatesnlfate range from to 91 Igtitll mean and modian valus or 41 and ti vcJ y

52 Sho WeJ

The results oblDlned ar showll Fig I] ilnd ummarized sui rtc concentratLons ranC( from (i0 to 10 mgL with mean and values or 99 nnd 100 mgL lively clduride ranged from with mean and median values or 17 and 16 mgI nspectivlgtl ranged 1 rom )6 to lf llIg I wi III mean nlel med i an val UCS 0 r 20 Hntl

tively bicarbonate alkal ranged f r011l 210 to 320 IllL

nspecshy

follows medLJl1 to 68 mgL le-nitrogen 19 mlI vi ll menn

median values I and 280 respectivcly lotal dLsoJvld solids i rom 540 lo 1000 lllgL Igti ti and median of 690 rngL

cOllductivi ty ranted from 700 to 1300 IJScm with lllCan and median 980 and 910 pScm 1ltspectively and pH ranged from 70 to 81 with median value or 16 Calculated ratios ere suI fatechloride rangegt 10 to 49 with mean mcdian valllCS 22 alld 21 l-espectiveJy su Llrateshy

trogcn I 7 to 76 with mean and median ViI] ues 01- h7 and 5 5 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen rang 075 to 1 with mean and lllLdian values or 33 and 17 rcspecli mel bicnrbonatesulfate Lange 2 to 40 with lllean median vnlues or 30 and respcctive]y

5 bull ~ Distribution System

Kcsults plotted in 14 ami a follmJs sulfate conshycentrations ranged from ]3 to mgL wi and median valucs of 80 and lJ lIlgL respectively chloride ranged from 60 to 51 mgL itl mean and median values of 20 and 15 mgL respectively nitrate-nitrogen nmged from 8 to 17 witll mean and median values of 11 bicarbonate

ranged 200 to 310 mgL v1th mean and median values of mgL total dissolved sulids rangcocl from 330 to 780 IngL with mean and

25

laquo16 [t

include

oec(Jsionally

Soles

needs

50

roduction

Edgerton harl a reported or 1119 in 1970 It is served by a municipal water supply through 350 scrvice connections Average daiJy conswuption was 40000 gal (J6 and 114 galservice connec-

Some main Jclls arc l)ut several of these nre no longer In use or productive tTl 1976 to augment the quallltity and to improve the qualj ty a hlHtd gravel packell weLl was constructed which is 46 ft rlCfP and equipped wiLil a submersihlc pump of ISO gpm capac Tbis well is irlentificrl as j(lJ to in onr tudy Elev3ted storage 37000 gaJ and ground storage o[ 100000 are availahle

Several shallow 1(middot11 Edgerton ThCse currently 0)

and clusler of wells (Well icipal Cnrag(~ is used

tit expanded Heller the distrihution

in Llw Chevrolcot

5

5 bullbull ~ bull tJtll

nmiddot~slllts arc p]otted i11 Fj 1 Jnd summarizlu h(~l()J Sulfate conctlltratlons ranged [r)[[ (I to lW hlith T1Hm lllel Illedimi v1Jue of

and 96 illL respectively cltillrilks ranged [rom Jil to flO mgL viLh mean and llltdim vaLues of 4 ](I l) I1IgL rcs]llctivvly nItrate-nil raTlfed from Igt to 17 T11)L Iitll mean and 111tdIall vlIucs of II llli~L carbonate alknlillity raned Irom 180 to 310 mgL Iell Ileall and metlian valucis of 2)() l1ld 260 mgL r(sl)lt[( i Loull di50lvcd 501 ids ]iO to lt)lt)0 mjL with Ililan a IIII Illldian lucs 01 i80 lild 560 tivlly cOlllluctivity ran~lmiddotd fnll1l (lt)0 to 1100 ISClIl 1

vahlts () f 830 alld 850 fJ Sem nspIc t and with lIltdim vallie of 7b CalcuLI Llos range J to gtIl witi mean ltld JO rcsjlcctively sulfateni L tC~ll i lYogCll median valnls r 1 9 respectively chloridcnl rlfC 10 to j 8

anrl lIledian values iveLy and hLcnrhonatc

19 to vollcS 0[- 25 and 2 1

c1

Onr fjndings arp plLlttccl in F1 11 nnd are SUlU1lilr1Zerl belmgtl SlIlfatl rlt1nged from 11 lo 1)0 1tll melon md l11etll1n villuc of

chloride ranged from 26 til 8t l-lith mean and median values Iand 48 mgL respectively llitri1te-nitrogen rilllf(d from vitl mcall aml median vaLuES () 65 anrl 59 repecLiveJ

38 to

carbonA alkalinity ranged from 210 to no lIlgL Vith mcan and va IlIGs 260 and 230 lllgL rC]lCc t lvely total d isso 1v(Cd soliels ranged 310 to 810 mgL Hitl mean and median val 0 620 and 600 mgL rcspecshytively conducLivi ty ranged from 760 to lvi th mean and median valucs 890 and 810 liSCOl respeclively md pH from 69 to 8 wi ell mcdian value of J 7 Calcnlated ratios low suI fatechloride

05OJH

middotmiddot~et a l

~ ~ ~

Ul)srl kjTAl1mP1l0)

()

(J 0

r 2

f

r L

gt l ) (I

_lJOS rPTtoS rJTclGI(q 110J

v~ 0$ 1I~ (r))G IOl1

c

c

~

1 TJ 1111gt

~ )

i-i _t)O$

ltgt ltgt

[li _f1l

I u o o I oI o11__L___ o L o o o Cgt

o ro -lt

W)stl bull11 th11)npuo)

N-ON_lJ ltgt o o OJ

)1 I 1I Nshy

I - ~ ltgt I OJH0 _ _~-ON=os

o co 0

0shyrshy-

co rshy0shy-

1iu1 bull~OS 1liw cOgtgt

0 co -

J shy0 r-

~

5

co rshyef -

o 0 ltgt o o ltgtN ~ Cgt o a ltD 1lnu tI-Oll 1jIw Tgt 1liw sPHOS peAOSS(] t01

from I to IJ with mean and median values of 5 and 4 sulfateniLrate-ni ranged from 4 to 31 with mean and of and 21 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen ran13ed 16 wilh mean and median values ot 80 and 82 respectively sulfate ranged roUl 17 to 9 with meall we mcdian values 0 respectively

23 ]0

respec ti ve y median values from 17 and bicarbonate

1 and 0

inalytlcal values rt plotted in 12 and are summarized below Sui conccntrntions ranged from 26 to 77 mgL with mean and median values of )7 and 58 respecUvely chlorides rrom 45 to 10 mgL witl mean nnd median concentrations 67 and 70 respectively nishytra le-ni t rogen ranged f rom I 6 to J 7 mg L wi th mean lnd llletii111 values 0 f 12 and 13 IllgL resplctivcly hicarhonate al lnity ranged 160 to 470 mgt wi th 11](ln and median lues II r 220 total di so Lids ranged frolll 220 to i60 mgL with Illean and median values 0 400 mgL conshyductIvity rltlllcd from 550 to 800 Vith mean and median values of 6JO and 620 IISelll res[l(ctively and Ill rltlnged from 71 to 93 ith a median value of 77 Calculated ratios were latechloride r111ge from 5 to ill Idtll ille)n nnd an values oj 81 and 82 respectively sulratenishytrate-nitnlglll range from 29 to 15 mean and medLan values of 3 ami 1 8 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen 11011 035 to 11 Ivitll mean and median valu of 062 060 respectively and bicarboflatesnlfate range from to 91 Igtitll mean and modian valus or 41 and ti vcJ y

52 Sho WeJ

The results oblDlned ar showll Fig I] ilnd ummarized sui rtc concentratLons ranC( from (i0 to 10 mgL with mean and values or 99 nnd 100 mgL lively clduride ranged from with mean and median values or 17 and 16 mgI nspectivlgtl ranged 1 rom )6 to lf llIg I wi III mean nlel med i an val UCS 0 r 20 Hntl

tively bicarbonate alkal ranged f r011l 210 to 320 IllL

nspecshy

follows medLJl1 to 68 mgL le-nitrogen 19 mlI vi ll menn

median values I and 280 respectivcly lotal dLsoJvld solids i rom 540 lo 1000 lllgL Igti ti and median of 690 rngL

cOllductivi ty ranted from 700 to 1300 IJScm with lllCan and median 980 and 910 pScm 1ltspectively and pH ranged from 70 to 81 with median value or 16 Calculated ratios ere suI fatechloride rangegt 10 to 49 with mean mcdian valllCS 22 alld 21 l-espectiveJy su Llrateshy

trogcn I 7 to 76 with mean and median ViI] ues 01- h7 and 5 5 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen rang 075 to 1 with mean and lllLdian values or 33 and 17 rcspecli mel bicnrbonatesulfate Lange 2 to 40 with lllean median vnlues or 30 and respcctive]y

5 bull ~ Distribution System

Kcsults plotted in 14 ami a follmJs sulfate conshycentrations ranged from ]3 to mgL wi and median valucs of 80 and lJ lIlgL respectively chloride ranged from 60 to 51 mgL itl mean and median values of 20 and 15 mgL respectively nitrate-nitrogen nmged from 8 to 17 witll mean and median values of 11 bicarbonate

ranged 200 to 310 mgL v1th mean and median values of mgL total dissolved sulids rangcocl from 330 to 780 IngL with mean and

25

i-i _t)O$

ltgt ltgt

[li _f1l

I u o o I oI o11__L___ o L o o o Cgt

o ro -lt

W)stl bull11 th11)npuo)

N-ON_lJ ltgt o o OJ

)1 I 1I Nshy

I - ~ ltgt I OJH0 _ _~-ON=os

o co 0

0shyrshy-

co rshy0shy-

1iu1 bull~OS 1liw cOgtgt

0 co -

J shy0 r-

~

5

co rshyef -

o 0 ltgt o o ltgtN ~ Cgt o a ltD 1lnu tI-Oll 1jIw Tgt 1liw sPHOS peAOSS(] t01

from I to IJ with mean and median values of 5 and 4 sulfateniLrate-ni ranged from 4 to 31 with mean and of and 21 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen ran13ed 16 wilh mean and median values ot 80 and 82 respectively sulfate ranged roUl 17 to 9 with meall we mcdian values 0 respectively

23 ]0

respec ti ve y median values from 17 and bicarbonate

1 and 0

inalytlcal values rt plotted in 12 and are summarized below Sui conccntrntions ranged from 26 to 77 mgL with mean and median values of )7 and 58 respecUvely chlorides rrom 45 to 10 mgL witl mean nnd median concentrations 67 and 70 respectively nishytra le-ni t rogen ranged f rom I 6 to J 7 mg L wi th mean lnd llletii111 values 0 f 12 and 13 IllgL resplctivcly hicarhonate al lnity ranged 160 to 470 mgt wi th 11](ln and median lues II r 220 total di so Lids ranged frolll 220 to i60 mgL with Illean and median values 0 400 mgL conshyductIvity rltlllcd from 550 to 800 Vith mean and median values of 6JO and 620 IISelll res[l(ctively and Ill rltlnged from 71 to 93 ith a median value of 77 Calculated ratios were latechloride r111ge from 5 to ill Idtll ille)n nnd an values oj 81 and 82 respectively sulratenishytrate-nitnlglll range from 29 to 15 mean and medLan values of 3 ami 1 8 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen 11011 035 to 11 Ivitll mean and median valu of 062 060 respectively and bicarboflatesnlfate range from to 91 Igtitll mean and modian valus or 41 and ti vcJ y

52 Sho WeJ

The results oblDlned ar showll Fig I] ilnd ummarized sui rtc concentratLons ranC( from (i0 to 10 mgL with mean and values or 99 nnd 100 mgL lively clduride ranged from with mean and median values or 17 and 16 mgI nspectivlgtl ranged 1 rom )6 to lf llIg I wi III mean nlel med i an val UCS 0 r 20 Hntl

tively bicarbonate alkal ranged f r011l 210 to 320 IllL

nspecshy

follows medLJl1 to 68 mgL le-nitrogen 19 mlI vi ll menn

median values I and 280 respectivcly lotal dLsoJvld solids i rom 540 lo 1000 lllgL Igti ti and median of 690 rngL

cOllductivi ty ranted from 700 to 1300 IJScm with lllCan and median 980 and 910 pScm 1ltspectively and pH ranged from 70 to 81 with median value or 16 Calculated ratios ere suI fatechloride rangegt 10 to 49 with mean mcdian valllCS 22 alld 21 l-espectiveJy su Llrateshy

trogcn I 7 to 76 with mean and median ViI] ues 01- h7 and 5 5 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen rang 075 to 1 with mean and lllLdian values or 33 and 17 rcspecli mel bicnrbonatesulfate Lange 2 to 40 with lllean median vnlues or 30 and respcctive]y

5 bull ~ Distribution System

Kcsults plotted in 14 ami a follmJs sulfate conshycentrations ranged from ]3 to mgL wi and median valucs of 80 and lJ lIlgL respectively chloride ranged from 60 to 51 mgL itl mean and median values of 20 and 15 mgL respectively nitrate-nitrogen nmged from 8 to 17 witll mean and median values of 11 bicarbonate

ranged 200 to 310 mgL v1th mean and median values of mgL total dissolved sulids rangcocl from 330 to 780 IngL with mean and

25

SL61

a

g ~ ltl 01

I

OZ

S

a ~ ~

deg WI

ad

n WO 091 r-----shy

C

o

n bull I

~

t ~

I-shy t I

3 ~

) ltshy

I~ i I

1l-)~ 1]

JJr iinhll)npU0)

U

i~-cruos

~

1Hiu (O)e1 n

1lrul I RPl TnS pa To~aT1 [~lO l

1ftw ~ot ~g g 0

N ~ 0 0 ~ 0

~ ~

lt-shy

Ii ( ~ 1il 0

119m I N-_ON

28

median values of 500 and 450 mgL respectively conductivity ranged from 520 to 1000 lIScm with mean and median values of 740 and pH mnged from 71 to 81 with a median value or 77 Calculated ratios were sulfate

range 20 to II with a mean and median value of 52 sulfate nitrate-nitrogen range 38 to 18 with mean and median values of 76 and 63 respeetively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range 044 to 73 with mean and median values of 20 and 14 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 21 to 47 with mean and median values of 31 and 27 respectively

53 Discussion

Because some wells have been abandoned and the grouping of wells inshycludes these with the exception of WeIll it is difficult to make overall II comparisons regarding changes in water quality with time Data are avilable for the dates 1247 361 and 368 for WeIll and show sulfate concenshytrations ranging from 16 to 95 chloride frolll 15 to 22 mgL nitrate-nitrogen fnlm 8 to 17 bicarbonate alkalinity to 310 mgL and pll [rolll 64 to 74 Calculated ratios ranged as follows sulfatechloride 26 to 41 sulfatenilrate-nitrogen 19 to 58 chloridelli to 19 and bicarbonatesulfate 32 to 67 Based upon these valueS ancl our measurements on the average sulfate and chloride levels have increased nitrate-nitrogen lev(ls have remained about the same bicarbonale is about the same and pll shows increased alkalinity For the calculated ratios sulfatechLoride is about the same indicating thClt the Increases in sulfate and chloride were proportionate the ratio of sulfatenitrate-nitrogen and chloridenitrate-nitrogen show an increase again reflecting tht increased sulfate and chloride c~ncentrations and bicarbonCltesulfate ratios aLl comparahle

LOvest concentrations suUate were observed in Well 10 1gtigher hut similar values in 111 1 and the Shop Well and hi Ievels in Hell 2 LOIest chloride concentrations wert found in -1(1 I 10 but they shmved Q conshytinuous increClse [rorn an initial vallie of 50 to 10 over till per iod ells 1 and ~ and the SllOp Hedl had aVErage cOl1centrati on 0 f 34 5t and 47 mgL of chloride respectively lJell 2 showed thc Jowest nltratshynltrogel1 levels with similar but higher leves in Veil I and to highest levels were observed in the Shop We II Bicarbonate alka 1 ini ty averages ranged from 220 to 270 Tltal dissolved solids emd conductivity were lowest middotin Hell to approximateJy simi lar but higher concentrations were reported tor gtJe118 I and 2 and the highest concenL rltlLions were obStrved in the Slwp Well Ill was similar for all wells vith median values o[ 76 and 77 The various ratios varted as indicated under results particularly

ratios involving nitrate-nitrogen concentrations

The distriilution concentrations showed concentration inter-for Wells I and ami -Jell 10 with

valnes closer to those in 10 because o[ its contribution to the since ods

total volume it was used

0 fine reased

of water pumped primarily as a

demand sU

The Shop Well lIlllby unit to

exerted less supply water

influence during peri shy

54 Conclusions

The following coneulsions may be drawn upon the results reported

29

1 With the exception of Well 2 which exceeded the permissible nishytrate-nitrogen concentration in two of the 27 samples collected all of the other wells exceeded this concentration with greater frequency -- WeIll 1627 Well 10 1927 and Shop Well 2327 the distribution system samples exceeded the permissible concentration in 1727 samples collected

2 Except for Well 10 (127 samples) many of the other samples colshylected exceeded the recommended concentration for total dissolved solids WeIll 2127 samples Well 22425 samples and Shop Well 2727 the distribution system showed 1227 samples exceeding the limit

3 WeIll showed a general increase in chloride Well 2 in sulfates and nitrate-nitrogen Well 10 in chlorides and nitrate-nitrogen the Shop Well an increase in nitrate-nitrogen and a decrease in chloride and the distribution system a slight increase in nitrate-nitrogen

4 Because of the increasing concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen observed it would be advisable for the water utility to advise consumers against using the municipal supply for preparing infant formula

60 HARDWICK

61 Introduction

The municipally-owned water supply at Hardwick (population 1970 - 273) has 112 service connections with an average daily consumption of 25000 gal (92 galcapita-day or 233 galservice connection-day) A single well is located in the firehouse Tt is 4]0 ft deep and is served by a 150 gpm vertical turbine pump No treatment is provided and storage consists of a 10000 gal pressure tank

Most samples were collected in the firehouse three at a gasoline station across the street from the firehouse

62 Results

Results are shown in Fig 15 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 20 to 80 mgL with mean and median values of 44 and 40 mgL respectively chloride ranged from 14 to 33 mgL with mean and median values of 19 and 18 mgL respectively nitrate-nitrogen ranged from 25 to 12 mgL with mean and median concentration values of 75 and 74 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity ranged from 110 to 190 mgL with a mean and median value of 160 mgL total dissolved solids ranged from 210 to 490 mgL with a mean and median value of 310 mgL conductivi ty ranged from 440 to 970 11Scm with mean and median values of 580 and 530 pScm respectively and pI ranged from 71 to 82 with mean and median value of 72 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 097 to 46 with mean and median values of 25 and 20 respectively sulfatenitrate-nitrogen range 26 to 20 with mean and median values of 63 and 56 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range 14 to 80 with mean and median values of 27 and 25 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 17 to 54 with mean and median values of 37 and 39 respectively

30

~ l

IlS~n)H

0 ro ~

~

1J~()S N-~ON_IJ

o m

o o o o o o o lt0 N-~ortlOS

Wlsri Ii~ TA1~gtnDuoJ

19w bull(oJw) n ~OJH 1lhu middotos

o o g N

rl

_0 ~

Vl1tDD 1iroJ SPHOS P8A[081C [~Ol

o o

o

Ili----t I I

~ sect ~ vim N-~ON

11

I

OJ ~ ~

Cl

r W

co

Cl

c S

J~

Cl

sect E

- G

~ gt

en

~

~

t ~

I-shy t I

3 ~

) ltshy

I~ i I

1l-)~ 1]

JJr iinhll)npU0)

U

i~-cruos

~

1Hiu (O)e1 n

1lrul I RPl TnS pa To~aT1 [~lO l

1ftw ~ot ~g g 0

N ~ 0 0 ~ 0

~ ~

lt-shy

Ii ( ~ 1il 0

119m I N-_ON

28

median values of 500 and 450 mgL respectively conductivity ranged from 520 to 1000 lIScm with mean and median values of 740 and pH mnged from 71 to 81 with a median value or 77 Calculated ratios were sulfate

range 20 to II with a mean and median value of 52 sulfate nitrate-nitrogen range 38 to 18 with mean and median values of 76 and 63 respeetively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range 044 to 73 with mean and median values of 20 and 14 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 21 to 47 with mean and median values of 31 and 27 respectively

53 Discussion

Because some wells have been abandoned and the grouping of wells inshycludes these with the exception of WeIll it is difficult to make overall II comparisons regarding changes in water quality with time Data are avilable for the dates 1247 361 and 368 for WeIll and show sulfate concenshytrations ranging from 16 to 95 chloride frolll 15 to 22 mgL nitrate-nitrogen fnlm 8 to 17 bicarbonate alkalinity to 310 mgL and pll [rolll 64 to 74 Calculated ratios ranged as follows sulfatechloride 26 to 41 sulfatenilrate-nitrogen 19 to 58 chloridelli to 19 and bicarbonatesulfate 32 to 67 Based upon these valueS ancl our measurements on the average sulfate and chloride levels have increased nitrate-nitrogen lev(ls have remained about the same bicarbonale is about the same and pll shows increased alkalinity For the calculated ratios sulfatechLoride is about the same indicating thClt the Increases in sulfate and chloride were proportionate the ratio of sulfatenitrate-nitrogen and chloridenitrate-nitrogen show an increase again reflecting tht increased sulfate and chloride c~ncentrations and bicarbonCltesulfate ratios aLl comparahle

LOvest concentrations suUate were observed in Well 10 1gtigher hut similar values in 111 1 and the Shop Well and hi Ievels in Hell 2 LOIest chloride concentrations wert found in -1(1 I 10 but they shmved Q conshytinuous increClse [rorn an initial vallie of 50 to 10 over till per iod ells 1 and ~ and the SllOp Hedl had aVErage cOl1centrati on 0 f 34 5t and 47 mgL of chloride respectively lJell 2 showed thc Jowest nltratshynltrogel1 levels with similar but higher leves in Veil I and to highest levels were observed in the Shop We II Bicarbonate alka 1 ini ty averages ranged from 220 to 270 Tltal dissolved solids emd conductivity were lowest middotin Hell to approximateJy simi lar but higher concentrations were reported tor gtJe118 I and 2 and the highest concenL rltlLions were obStrved in the Slwp Well Ill was similar for all wells vith median values o[ 76 and 77 The various ratios varted as indicated under results particularly

ratios involving nitrate-nitrogen concentrations

The distriilution concentrations showed concentration inter-for Wells I and ami -Jell 10 with

valnes closer to those in 10 because o[ its contribution to the since ods

total volume it was used

0 fine reased

of water pumped primarily as a

demand sU

The Shop Well lIlllby unit to

exerted less supply water

influence during peri shy

54 Conclusions

The following coneulsions may be drawn upon the results reported

29

1 With the exception of Well 2 which exceeded the permissible nishytrate-nitrogen concentration in two of the 27 samples collected all of the other wells exceeded this concentration with greater frequency -- WeIll 1627 Well 10 1927 and Shop Well 2327 the distribution system samples exceeded the permissible concentration in 1727 samples collected

2 Except for Well 10 (127 samples) many of the other samples colshylected exceeded the recommended concentration for total dissolved solids WeIll 2127 samples Well 22425 samples and Shop Well 2727 the distribution system showed 1227 samples exceeding the limit

3 WeIll showed a general increase in chloride Well 2 in sulfates and nitrate-nitrogen Well 10 in chlorides and nitrate-nitrogen the Shop Well an increase in nitrate-nitrogen and a decrease in chloride and the distribution system a slight increase in nitrate-nitrogen

4 Because of the increasing concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen observed it would be advisable for the water utility to advise consumers against using the municipal supply for preparing infant formula

60 HARDWICK

61 Introduction

The municipally-owned water supply at Hardwick (population 1970 - 273) has 112 service connections with an average daily consumption of 25000 gal (92 galcapita-day or 233 galservice connection-day) A single well is located in the firehouse Tt is 4]0 ft deep and is served by a 150 gpm vertical turbine pump No treatment is provided and storage consists of a 10000 gal pressure tank

Most samples were collected in the firehouse three at a gasoline station across the street from the firehouse

62 Results

Results are shown in Fig 15 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 20 to 80 mgL with mean and median values of 44 and 40 mgL respectively chloride ranged from 14 to 33 mgL with mean and median values of 19 and 18 mgL respectively nitrate-nitrogen ranged from 25 to 12 mgL with mean and median concentration values of 75 and 74 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity ranged from 110 to 190 mgL with a mean and median value of 160 mgL total dissolved solids ranged from 210 to 490 mgL with a mean and median value of 310 mgL conductivi ty ranged from 440 to 970 11Scm with mean and median values of 580 and 530 pScm respectively and pI ranged from 71 to 82 with mean and median value of 72 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 097 to 46 with mean and median values of 25 and 20 respectively sulfatenitrate-nitrogen range 26 to 20 with mean and median values of 63 and 56 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range 14 to 80 with mean and median values of 27 and 25 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 17 to 54 with mean and median values of 37 and 39 respectively

30

~ l

IlS~n)H

0 ro ~

~

1J~()S N-~ON_IJ

o m

o o o o o o o lt0 N-~ortlOS

Wlsri Ii~ TA1~gtnDuoJ

19w bull(oJw) n ~OJH 1lhu middotos

o o g N

rl

_0 ~

Vl1tDD 1iroJ SPHOS P8A[081C [~Ol

o o

o

Ili----t I I

~ sect ~ vim N-~ON

11

I

OJ ~ ~

Cl

r W

co

Cl

c S

J~

Cl

sect E

- G

~ gt

en

~

1 With the exception of Well 2 which exceeded the permissible nishytrate-nitrogen concentration in two of the 27 samples collected all of the other wells exceeded this concentration with greater frequency -- WeIll 1627 Well 10 1927 and Shop Well 2327 the distribution system samples exceeded the permissible concentration in 1727 samples collected

2 Except for Well 10 (127 samples) many of the other samples colshylected exceeded the recommended concentration for total dissolved solids WeIll 2127 samples Well 22425 samples and Shop Well 2727 the distribution system showed 1227 samples exceeding the limit

3 WeIll showed a general increase in chloride Well 2 in sulfates and nitrate-nitrogen Well 10 in chlorides and nitrate-nitrogen the Shop Well an increase in nitrate-nitrogen and a decrease in chloride and the distribution system a slight increase in nitrate-nitrogen

4 Because of the increasing concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen observed it would be advisable for the water utility to advise consumers against using the municipal supply for preparing infant formula

60 HARDWICK

61 Introduction

The municipally-owned water supply at Hardwick (population 1970 - 273) has 112 service connections with an average daily consumption of 25000 gal (92 galcapita-day or 233 galservice connection-day) A single well is located in the firehouse Tt is 4]0 ft deep and is served by a 150 gpm vertical turbine pump No treatment is provided and storage consists of a 10000 gal pressure tank

Most samples were collected in the firehouse three at a gasoline station across the street from the firehouse

62 Results

Results are shown in Fig 15 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 20 to 80 mgL with mean and median values of 44 and 40 mgL respectively chloride ranged from 14 to 33 mgL with mean and median values of 19 and 18 mgL respectively nitrate-nitrogen ranged from 25 to 12 mgL with mean and median concentration values of 75 and 74 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity ranged from 110 to 190 mgL with a mean and median value of 160 mgL total dissolved solids ranged from 210 to 490 mgL with a mean and median value of 310 mgL conductivi ty ranged from 440 to 970 11Scm with mean and median values of 580 and 530 pScm respectively and pI ranged from 71 to 82 with mean and median value of 72 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 097 to 46 with mean and median values of 25 and 20 respectively sulfatenitrate-nitrogen range 26 to 20 with mean and median values of 63 and 56 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range 14 to 80 with mean and median values of 27 and 25 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 17 to 54 with mean and median values of 37 and 39 respectively

30

~ l

IlS~n)H

0 ro ~

~

1J~()S N-~ON_IJ

o m

o o o o o o o lt0 N-~ortlOS

Wlsri Ii~ TA1~gtnDuoJ

19w bull(oJw) n ~OJH 1lhu middotos

o o g N

rl

_0 ~

Vl1tDD 1iroJ SPHOS P8A[081C [~Ol

o o

o

Ili----t I I

~ sect ~ vim N-~ON

11

I

OJ ~ ~

Cl

r W

co

Cl

c S

J~

Cl

sect E

- G

~ gt

en

~

63 Discussion

Previous slufples ere collected in 268 and 474 and yielded the folshylowing results respectively sulfate 28 and 34 mgL chloride 85 and 13 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 56 and 75 mgL bicarbonate alkalinity 300 and 160 mgL total dissolved solids 300 mgL (474) and pH 68 and 69 Calculated ratios were respectively sulfatechloride 33 and 26 sulfate nitrate-nitrogen 50 and 45 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 15 and 17 and hicarbonatesulfate 107 and 47

Comparing earlier data with our findings show that the sulfate has increased (average 31 to 44 mgL) chloride has increased (average 11 to 19 mgL) nitrate-nitrogen has increased (average 66 to 75 mgL) bicarshybonate apparently decreased (average 230 to 160 mgL) total dissolved solids has remained the same (average 300 to 310 mgL) and p11 has become more alkaline (68 to 77) The calcul ated values also show some cbanges sulfatechloride average 30 to 25 sulfatenitrate-nitrogen average 48 to 63 chloridenitrate-nitrogen average 16 to 27 and bicarbonate sulfate average 77 to 37 Hspectively

Three o[ the 27 samples collected exceeded the permissible concentration for nitrate-nitrogen 1gt11 other values were within accepted levels due probahly to the greater depth of this well Iimever overall there was an increase in the concentration of sulfates chlorides and nitrate-nitrogen with time

64 Conclusions

Based upon the results obtained the following conclusions appear warrantecl

1 Even thougb this well is considerably deeper than any of the other wells sampled three of the 27 samples collected exceeded the clrinking water standard for nitrate-nitrogen reflecting possible surficial or subsurface contaminant movement througb cracks and crevices in the overlying geologic format ions

2 There is further evidence of contaminants entering the aquifer as indicated by the npparent increasing concentrations in sulfates and chlorshyides The concentration found for these two constituents ltlre still low

3 Bicarbonate alkalinity was the lowest observed in any well

70 LUVERNE

71 Introduction

The Luverne municipal water supply serves a population of 4703 (1970 census) through 1689 service connections Igt number of wells are used and several have been replaced making comparisons with earlier results diffi shycult The average consumption is reported to be 12 million gal per day 11 (255 galcapita-day) or 710 galservice connection-day Wells are shallow ranging in depth from 20 to 66 ft identified as drilled with the excepshytion of the shallowest which is a dug well Pumping equipment is characshyterized as vertical turbine (capacity ranging from 100 to 400 gpm) and

32

submersible (capacity ranging from 200 to 285 gpm) Treatment consists of iron and maganese removal with chemical additions of lime and alum as reshyquired passage through rapid sand filters (primarily for iron and manganese removal) addition of chlorine gas for disinfection and application of hydrofluosilicic acid for fluoride treatment Storage consists of 300000 gal elevated storage and 20 million gal ground storage

Luverne obtains its water supplies [rom wells located in two general areas designated as the South and North fields Seven wells are located in the South Field (Fig 16) which discharge into a common header leading to Waterworks No 2 (Fig 17) and seven wells located in the North Field which discharge into a common header leading to Haterworks No1 (Fig 18)

The area compr~s~ng the South Field is adjacent to the Luverne Igtirport and most of the area is actively farmed Wells 10 12 and 12n are in a line along the eastern third of tbe field Jells 11 and 13 along the western third of the field parallel to tbe airport as shown in Fig 16 Well 9 is located north of the road leading into the airport Included in tIle South Field is Hell 7 which is located south of Haterworks No2 in an area that was used for the disposal of diseased trees and for the disposal of snow (see Fig 17)

Wells 2 J SA 6A and 20A are located in or on the periphery of a park area Well 19 is located along the north side of the highway opposite the park and Well 21 is located on a knoll north of the Rock River and cast of Waterworks No1 as shown in Fig 18 These wells are in the North Field

Samples were collected from a tap at each of the wells at the two waterworks following passage through the filters and from the clistribution system -- a cold water tap located at the Standard Gasoline Service Station on the northwest corner of the intersection of US Highway 75 and State Highway 17

72 Results

Results will be presented in two sections those relating to wells in the South Field and those to wells in the North Field

721 South Field

7211 Well 7

The results obtained at Well 7 are presented in Fig 19 and are sumshymarized below Sulfate concentrations ranged from 32 to 77 mgL with mean and median values of 59 and 60 mgL respectively chloride 98 to 130 mgL with mean and median values of 120 mgL nitra te-ni trogen 1 8 to 99 mgL with mean and median values of 57 and 61 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 230 to 270 mgL with mean and median values o[ 250 and 260 mgL respectively total dissolved solids 430 to 920 mgL with mean and median values of 680 and 650 mgL respectively conductivity 810 to 1200 ~Scm with mean and median values of 980 and 930 )lScm respectively and pH 72 to 82 with a mean and median value o[ 77 Calculated ratios were sulshyfatechloride 028 to 070 with mean and median values of 050 and 051 respectively sulfatenitrate-nitrogen 42 to 33 with mean and median values of 13 and 99 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen 10 to 69 with mean and median values of 27 and 20 respectively and bicarbonate

33

~ I r

j rIDI~~ Pood

Cc C W1l9~ W~~~~oj

~-Well 12

D I Well

~ bull W11 H2O

~

(

~

j

l

434 bull

~ ~ ~

~

(

etfit t-

Q Cgt 0 0

o

l uriVe-I n l n eat e r

en v

I bull~ I

bull a

I 0

~ ~-~ ~ 10 ~Gravel Pit5

i) -- I J ____tmiddot ----shy

Fig 17 1uverne location of well and water oiorks 2 s()lth cield

Fig 16 Luverne location of well south field

~ili U

II

6161 91610961 gt-l 0

IIgt 01 I- () 0w

0~ 09 I-II lt shyg

09 I-0 0shy

00e ~____~____~____~____~__~OOllt O~ r

()

~ OiZ 0

-() lt0 I-

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E

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z 0w ~ 01

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sulfate 32 to 78 with mean and median values of 45 and 43 respecshytively

7212 Well 9

Well 9 results are plotted in Fig and are summarized as follows sulfate ranged [rom 45 to 120 mgL with and median values of SO and S2 mgL respectively chloride 120 to 160 with mean and median values of 150 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 080 with mean and median values of lt020 and lt010 rugL bicarbonate 210 to 280 mgL with mean and median values of 260 total dissolved solids 810 to 1300 mgL with mean and median values of 710 ancl 750 mgL respectively

870 to 1300 wi til mean and median values of 1100 pScm and pH 71 to 80 wilh mean and median value of 75 Cal Cldated ratios were sulfatechloride 031 to 097 with mean and TIledian values of 055 and 056 respectively Hul[atenitrate-nitrogen 95 to infinity with mean and median values of gt690 and 680 respectively chloridenitrateshynitrogen ISO to infinity with mean and median valucsol gt120() and 1500

and bicarbonatesulfate 2l to fbullbull l with mean and median

7713 Well 10

lZesul ts for Well 10 are plot led in Fig 21 and are summar izcd bLlow Sulfatp Cllllcentratiolls ranged [rom lO tll 120 with lIlean and 11Hdiall values of 5+ and f9 mgL respectively 76 to 140 mgL with a Illcan and med ian val ue 0 r 120 mgl L nit ra te-nl trogen 35 to 17 mgT vi th a mean and median valuc or 87 and 95 resppctively bIcarbonate alkalshyinity 2JO to 2S0 mgL with mean and median values of 260 and 270 IIlgL

respectively total dissolvd solids 2]0 to SOO withl H 1](J median valuc 01 640 and 670 mgL rpspectively conductivity 800 to 1200 lSCIll with mean and median values of 1000 to 990 iSem rLspecLiv(ly ancl pl 70 to 7S Iith] mcdian value of 76 Calculated rat sulfatechloride 027 to 092 witll median valuc of OJ+l respectively sulfatenitrate-nitrogen 28 22 with medin values of 75 to 2 respectively chlorldenitrate-nitro)(n 73 to 39 with mean and median values of 16 to 12 respectively bicarshybonatesulfate 50 to Sf with mean and valu(es8 66 respectively

7214 )1211 12

The results for Well 12 are plotted in and are summal-ized beshylow Sul fate concentrations rtHlged rrom 22 to 100 mgL vlth mean and median values of 59 and 58 rugL respectively Chloride 120 to 17() with mean and median values of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 44 to 16 rnglI with mean and median values of 98 and 10 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 220 to 320 mgT with a mean and median value of 280 mgL total dissolved solids 420 to 860 mgL wIth mean and median values o[ 720 and 740 respectively conductivity 1110 u 1300 )JScm with mean and median values of 1100 and 1200 jJSCIll respectively and 71 to 7S with a median value of 76 Calculated ratios were sulL ranged from 014 to 08] with mean and median values of 042 sulfatenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 18 with mean and median values of 70 and 60 respectively chlorshy

95 to 34 with mean and median valnes of l6 to 1~ respectively and bicarbonatesulfate J2 to 14 with mean and median

3S

~I

lt4~l ~-~

oc I

~ ~fl( I I I I~J +~ - shy-~I I II~

o o N

ro -shy

d a a a o o o o o ~ N ro

o ~

1JuJ N-ON lIgt1ru ~1J 1~ SP1TOS pah10ssTQ TRiOl

_1)00 0 tlt ~

t-~~ ro tshyoshy

~ N

~

o o t-

1gtIru (OJRJ sn OJH 0 a a 0 ~ 0 N

N

g o o 0shy

M ruosM hiAiOnpUOJ

1gtIru a a

ro

~

I J q+t10S ClUJ I bull

0961 UET 15--

~- I

ILW 1 i I II T 0

P-I~J I L

I

I i

values of

7215

pump went follows

58 and 54 respectively

Well 128

results plotted in Fig 23 are based on 14 saD~les because the out and was not replaced These results are summarized as

sulfate concentrations ranged from 35 to 100 mgL with mean and median values of 83 und 91 mgt respectively chloride 110 to 160 mgt with a mean and median value of ]30 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 68 mgL with mean and median values of 40 and 42 bicarbonate alkalinity one value at 100 Uds to 800 mgL with mean and median values of h90 and 710 mgL respectively conductivity 770 to 300 tlScm with mean and mediltlll values of 1100 and 1000 IIScm respectively and one value at 75 Calculated ralios were sulfute chloride range 031 to 089 with mean and median values of 0h5 and 070 respectively sulfatenitrate-llitrorell range 90 to infinity 1ith mean and median values of gt28 and 17 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range Ih to infinity with mean and medIan values of 3 ulld 29 resppctively and bicarbonatesnlfate one value at Ih

7216 WeI

resul ts for Hell 11 are plothelow Sulfate concentrations ranged median values of 80 mgL chloride

ted in from 74

100 to

Fig to

170

21 and arc 220 n~L with mgL with

summari

a

ed mean and

median value of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogp[1 0 to 034 mgL with a meFlIl lnd I1pdlan valuc 0 012 and 0]0 mgL respectively bicarbonate alk~llinity 200 to 280 mgt~ with mean and median values of 2(JO and 280 mgL rcspectivcly total dissolved solids 520 to )70 ltlith mean ami median vaJIH~s of 780 and 810 mgL respectively conductivity 8tO to 1300 jlScm wi th mew and median values of 1000 and 1 )isem respectively and pl 71 to 80 with a median vdue of 7h Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 067 to 22 with mean and median values of 17 and 1 sulfatpnitrateshynitrogen 220 to infinity with mean median vailles of gt1500 and 1600 respectively clJloridnitratf-nitrogen DO to infinity with mean and median values 1100 and 1000 respectively and bicarbonatesulfa 11 to 27 w1 t 11 mean and Dwd ian va LllCS 15 and 14 respec t i vel y bull

7217 Well 11

The resuLts for Well 1l are plotted in Fig 25 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 52 to 130 mgL with mean and median values of and 96 Illg respectivel chloride 100 to 270 mgL with mean and median conccmtrations 10 and 120 respectively nitrate-nitrogen 0 to It with mean and median values of I and 020 mgL respectiveLy bicarhonate alkalinity 120 to 330 mgL with mean and median values oL 210 ami gthO O1gL respectively total dissolvd ids 1180 1000 mgL with mean and median values of 770 and 730 mgL respecshytively conduct iv ity 810 to lOO psI cm with mean and med ian values 1100 and 1000 respeetivcly and pH 73 to 78 with a median value of 75 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 025 to I with mean and median values f 073 and 074 respectively sulfatenitrateshynitrogen 54 to infinity with mean and median values of and 650 respectively 20 to infinity Vith mean and median values of gt710 and 510 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate 1

42

f-shy

f-shy

N-ON~OS o N

o ro

B I z-I--ffi o o

6 I ~ J

a

_tgtOS

1lilru OS a 0 a (j ltXl ~ _ _

tshy

f tt ltXlplusmnt- t-O

1I o o o

~~N lil N-ON_tl

c

-~

GJ1lilru middot~PtOS PQAtO~QQ IV~Ol

8 a a 8

O lshy

Jl

t-o-

ltXl t-O

GJ

E rJ ~~ t-~~

~f IK+ I I ~ ~n1 oo a o a a

~ a lil a a 8 N a ltXl utgtsrl AHAnxpUo)1lilru II-~ON 1~ tl

43

OS6 SL6T

8 e ~ --+------+----1----1

w~middot9 -Vshy ~

-r-----+----+----+----~O

i~r~

008r-----r-----+-----+----4-shy() o

g ~ ~ OOOT

~o 1~ -shy0071

0 lt+

00

009 2shylt n tIJ

008 0 - 0shy

OOOT ~ r

V oon B

OOClr----+---+-shy

9161

~- ~

009

It g

008 Ii

sL6TOS61

()

o w

01Gr---+rr--+---~--~---

--~~ ~_OOT

orCf----f--- _-r-__+----+---I0n

()

bull

I

t5 09

~

08T pound shyr

Ll

Oee 02

092

~ shyr 00

o wo0

tIl OT -r

~ w

61610861 916t ~tr---_+----_----+_--~----~

--+---4---1 08

~

p

~ J

0001 ~ t ~

to 63 with mean and median values of 32 and 31 respectively

7218 Waterworks No2

The integrated input from the preceding wclls into Waterworks arc plotted in Fig 26 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 50 to 150 mgL with mean and median values of 99 to 100111gL respectively chloride 110 to 190 mgL wiLh mean and median values of 130 nitrate-nitrogen 17 to 70 mgI wiLh mean and median values of and 1 6 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 230 to 280 mgI with mean and median values ot 260 and 270 mgL respectively total disshysolved solids 540 to 80 with mean and median values 740 mgL conductivity 890 to 1100 with a mean and median value of 1100 IIScm respectively and pll 74 to 82 with median value of 17 Cakulated ratios were sulfatechloride range 0l0 to 14 with a mean and median value or 078 11 to 42 with a mean anr] mcdian value of 24 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 76 with a mean and median value of 33 and 28 respectively and bicarbonatestafate 18 to j2 with mean and median values of 2 and 27 respectively

722 North Field

722l Wells 2 J SA 6A JOA 19 and 2]

llecaustmiddot the variation in these wplls was not influenced appreciahly by Land lSC practices or locatIon I)(in[ in a park or nearby area the results are sUlfunarized co11(middotct ively The rIgtults of W(gtl I) arc not included Sulfate conc(gtntrations ranged from 48 to ]60 mgL with mean median

of 8j Lo 100 and Wf to 100 mgL respectively chloride II to lj

with mean and lllCdian rangs 01 l8 to 50 Clnd 17 to 46 mgl rlspecshy nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16 mgL with ][Jean and median rCln~C~

lt009 to 027 and lt010 to 014 respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 190 to 320 with mean and Ildian ranges 250 to 280 and 250 to 300 mgL nspectIv(gtJy total dissolved solids 140 to 720 O1gL with mean ami median ranles of 450 to j30 and lf60 to SlfO mgL respectively conductivity 120 to 9]() jlScm with mean and median ranies of 690 to 8JO and 680 to 800 pSem respectively pll 7 to 8 with a median range of to 7 8 Calculated ratios arc reporllmiddotd for suI atechloride and bicarbollateslilfate since witlt the low nitrate-nitrogen values observed the sulfatenltrateshynitrogen and chloride nil rate-nitrogen Vil Illes are not v(ry mean Sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 01I to 81 with mean and median ranges of 0 to 5 and 18 to 5 I respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 20 to 50 wt~ mean and median ranges of 6 to JJ

723 Waterworks No1

reslll ts observed for Jaterworks No1 which re(eived wa ters from Wells 2 1 SA 6A 20A and 21 an plotted in Fig 27 as follows sulfate con(entratiollS ranged rom 7(f to )10 a mean and median va]ue of 1]0 mgl chloride 17 to with a mean and median val ot 38 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16mgL with mean and medIan vahlPS ofO2l and lt010 mg1 respectively bicarbonate alka] inily 180 to 270 mgT itll a and median value 220 total dissolved solids to 5S0 IllgL wi th a mean and median value of 460 mgL conshyductivity 6S0 to 820 liSem vith mean and median val ues of and

N-ON_tJ _tV~OS

ltgt ltgt

ijl ltgt 4

g ashy

ashy ashy

agt

L __--- ltgt W 1 ltgt g0 ~ 0 o g g

o ~OSOJHN-ON~OSw~srl middothlgtA~npuoJ

1lw bull=OS 1lw COJuJ cu OJH o

n 0

o o o

a d

a a

g

ashy

ltn ashy

rshy tn

1l1w 1atu ~1J 1lw CPTtos paAtOCG~Q tu0l

47

co

ri

-l

1) w 7 ~lt

middotmiddotU

o ~

~j

101

8

~ I r

j rIDI~~ Pood

Cc C W1l9~ W~~~~oj

~-Well 12

D I Well

~ bull W11 H2O

~

(

~

j

l

434 bull

~ ~ ~

~

(

etfit t-

Q Cgt 0 0

o

l uriVe-I n l n eat e r

en v

I bull~ I

bull a

I 0

~ ~-~ ~ 10 ~Gravel Pit5

i) -- I J ____tmiddot ----shy

Fig 17 1uverne location of well and water oiorks 2 s()lth cield

Fig 16 Luverne location of well south field

~ili U

II

6161 91610961 gt-l 0

IIgt 01 I- () 0w

0~ 09 I-II lt shyg

09 I-0 0shy

00e ~____~____~____~____~__~OOllt O~ r

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~ OiZ 0

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sulfate 32 to 78 with mean and median values of 45 and 43 respecshytively

7212 Well 9

Well 9 results are plotted in Fig and are summarized as follows sulfate ranged [rom 45 to 120 mgL with and median values of SO and S2 mgL respectively chloride 120 to 160 with mean and median values of 150 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 080 with mean and median values of lt020 and lt010 rugL bicarbonate 210 to 280 mgL with mean and median values of 260 total dissolved solids 810 to 1300 mgL with mean and median values of 710 ancl 750 mgL respectively

870 to 1300 wi til mean and median values of 1100 pScm and pH 71 to 80 wilh mean and median value of 75 Cal Cldated ratios were sulfatechloride 031 to 097 with mean and TIledian values of 055 and 056 respectively Hul[atenitrate-nitrogen 95 to infinity with mean and median values of gt690 and 680 respectively chloridenitrateshynitrogen ISO to infinity with mean and median valucsol gt120() and 1500

and bicarbonatesulfate 2l to fbullbull l with mean and median

7713 Well 10

lZesul ts for Well 10 are plot led in Fig 21 and are summar izcd bLlow Sulfatp Cllllcentratiolls ranged [rom lO tll 120 with lIlean and 11Hdiall values of 5+ and f9 mgL respectively 76 to 140 mgL with a Illcan and med ian val ue 0 r 120 mgl L nit ra te-nl trogen 35 to 17 mgT vi th a mean and median valuc or 87 and 95 resppctively bIcarbonate alkalshyinity 2JO to 2S0 mgL with mean and median values of 260 and 270 IIlgL

respectively total dissolvd solids 2]0 to SOO withl H 1](J median valuc 01 640 and 670 mgL rpspectively conductivity 800 to 1200 lSCIll with mean and median values of 1000 to 990 iSem rLspecLiv(ly ancl pl 70 to 7S Iith] mcdian value of 76 Calculated rat sulfatechloride 027 to 092 witll median valuc of OJ+l respectively sulfatenitrate-nitrogen 28 22 with medin values of 75 to 2 respectively chlorldenitrate-nitro)(n 73 to 39 with mean and median values of 16 to 12 respectively bicarshybonatesulfate 50 to Sf with mean and valu(es8 66 respectively

7214 )1211 12

The results for Well 12 are plotted in and are summal-ized beshylow Sul fate concentrations rtHlged rrom 22 to 100 mgL vlth mean and median values of 59 and 58 rugL respectively Chloride 120 to 17() with mean and median values of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 44 to 16 rnglI with mean and median values of 98 and 10 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 220 to 320 mgT with a mean and median value of 280 mgL total dissolved solids 420 to 860 mgL wIth mean and median values o[ 720 and 740 respectively conductivity 1110 u 1300 )JScm with mean and median values of 1100 and 1200 jJSCIll respectively and 71 to 7S with a median value of 76 Calculated ratios were sulL ranged from 014 to 08] with mean and median values of 042 sulfatenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 18 with mean and median values of 70 and 60 respectively chlorshy

95 to 34 with mean and median valnes of l6 to 1~ respectively and bicarbonatesulfate J2 to 14 with mean and median

3S

~I

lt4~l ~-~

oc I

~ ~fl( I I I I~J +~ - shy-~I I II~

o o N

ro -shy

d a a a o o o o o ~ N ro

o ~

1JuJ N-ON lIgt1ru ~1J 1~ SP1TOS pah10ssTQ TRiOl

_1)00 0 tlt ~

t-~~ ro tshyoshy

~ N

~

o o t-

1gtIru (OJRJ sn OJH 0 a a 0 ~ 0 N

N

g o o 0shy

M ruosM hiAiOnpUOJ

1gtIru a a

ro

~

I J q+t10S ClUJ I bull

0961 UET 15--

~- I

ILW 1 i I II T 0

P-I~J I L

I

I i

values of

7215

pump went follows

58 and 54 respectively

Well 128

results plotted in Fig 23 are based on 14 saD~les because the out and was not replaced These results are summarized as

sulfate concentrations ranged from 35 to 100 mgL with mean and median values of 83 und 91 mgt respectively chloride 110 to 160 mgt with a mean and median value of ]30 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 68 mgL with mean and median values of 40 and 42 bicarbonate alkalinity one value at 100 Uds to 800 mgL with mean and median values of h90 and 710 mgL respectively conductivity 770 to 300 tlScm with mean and mediltlll values of 1100 and 1000 IIScm respectively and one value at 75 Calculated ralios were sulfute chloride range 031 to 089 with mean and median values of 0h5 and 070 respectively sulfatenitrate-llitrorell range 90 to infinity 1ith mean and median values of gt28 and 17 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range Ih to infinity with mean and medIan values of 3 ulld 29 resppctively and bicarbonatesnlfate one value at Ih

7216 WeI

resul ts for Hell 11 are plothelow Sulfate concentrations ranged median values of 80 mgL chloride

ted in from 74

100 to

Fig to

170

21 and arc 220 n~L with mgL with

summari

a

ed mean and

median value of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogp[1 0 to 034 mgL with a meFlIl lnd I1pdlan valuc 0 012 and 0]0 mgL respectively bicarbonate alk~llinity 200 to 280 mgt~ with mean and median values of 2(JO and 280 mgL rcspectivcly total dissolved solids 520 to )70 ltlith mean ami median vaJIH~s of 780 and 810 mgL respectively conductivity 8tO to 1300 jlScm wi th mew and median values of 1000 and 1 )isem respectively and pl 71 to 80 with a median vdue of 7h Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 067 to 22 with mean and median values of 17 and 1 sulfatpnitrateshynitrogen 220 to infinity with mean median vailles of gt1500 and 1600 respectively clJloridnitratf-nitrogen DO to infinity with mean and median values 1100 and 1000 respectively and bicarbonatesulfa 11 to 27 w1 t 11 mean and Dwd ian va LllCS 15 and 14 respec t i vel y bull

7217 Well 11

The resuLts for Well 1l are plotted in Fig 25 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 52 to 130 mgL with mean and median values of and 96 Illg respectivel chloride 100 to 270 mgL with mean and median conccmtrations 10 and 120 respectively nitrate-nitrogen 0 to It with mean and median values of I and 020 mgL respectiveLy bicarhonate alkalinity 120 to 330 mgL with mean and median values oL 210 ami gthO O1gL respectively total dissolvd ids 1180 1000 mgL with mean and median values of 770 and 730 mgL respecshytively conduct iv ity 810 to lOO psI cm with mean and med ian values 1100 and 1000 respeetivcly and pH 73 to 78 with a median value of 75 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 025 to I with mean and median values f 073 and 074 respectively sulfatenitrateshynitrogen 54 to infinity with mean and median values of and 650 respectively 20 to infinity Vith mean and median values of gt710 and 510 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate 1

42

f-shy

f-shy

N-ON~OS o N

o ro

B I z-I--ffi o o

6 I ~ J

a

_tgtOS

1lilru OS a 0 a (j ltXl ~ _ _

tshy

f tt ltXlplusmnt- t-O

1I o o o

~~N lil N-ON_tl

c

-~

GJ1lilru middot~PtOS PQAtO~QQ IV~Ol

8 a a 8

O lshy

Jl

t-o-

ltXl t-O

GJ

E rJ ~~ t-~~

~f IK+ I I ~ ~n1 oo a o a a

~ a lil a a 8 N a ltXl utgtsrl AHAnxpUo)1lilru II-~ON 1~ tl

43

OS6 SL6T

8 e ~ --+------+----1----1

w~middot9 -Vshy ~

-r-----+----+----+----~O

i~r~

008r-----r-----+-----+----4-shy() o

g ~ ~ OOOT

~o 1~ -shy0071

0 lt+

00

009 2shylt n tIJ

008 0 - 0shy

OOOT ~ r

V oon B

OOClr----+---+-shy

9161

~- ~

009

It g

008 Ii

sL6TOS61

()

o w

01Gr---+rr--+---~--~---

--~~ ~_OOT

orCf----f--- _-r-__+----+---I0n

()

bull

I

t5 09

~

08T pound shyr

Ll

Oee 02

092

~ shyr 00

o wo0

tIl OT -r

~ w

61610861 916t ~tr---_+----_----+_--~----~

--+---4---1 08

~

p

~ J

0001 ~ t ~

to 63 with mean and median values of 32 and 31 respectively

7218 Waterworks No2

The integrated input from the preceding wclls into Waterworks arc plotted in Fig 26 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 50 to 150 mgL with mean and median values of 99 to 100111gL respectively chloride 110 to 190 mgL wiLh mean and median values of 130 nitrate-nitrogen 17 to 70 mgI wiLh mean and median values of and 1 6 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 230 to 280 mgI with mean and median values ot 260 and 270 mgL respectively total disshysolved solids 540 to 80 with mean and median values 740 mgL conductivity 890 to 1100 with a mean and median value of 1100 IIScm respectively and pll 74 to 82 with median value of 17 Cakulated ratios were sulfatechloride range 0l0 to 14 with a mean and median value or 078 11 to 42 with a mean anr] mcdian value of 24 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 76 with a mean and median value of 33 and 28 respectively and bicarbonatestafate 18 to j2 with mean and median values of 2 and 27 respectively

722 North Field

722l Wells 2 J SA 6A JOA 19 and 2]

llecaustmiddot the variation in these wplls was not influenced appreciahly by Land lSC practices or locatIon I)(in[ in a park or nearby area the results are sUlfunarized co11(middotct ively The rIgtults of W(gtl I) arc not included Sulfate conc(gtntrations ranged from 48 to ]60 mgL with mean median

of 8j Lo 100 and Wf to 100 mgL respectively chloride II to lj

with mean and lllCdian rangs 01 l8 to 50 Clnd 17 to 46 mgl rlspecshy nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16 mgL with ][Jean and median rCln~C~

lt009 to 027 and lt010 to 014 respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 190 to 320 with mean and Ildian ranges 250 to 280 and 250 to 300 mgL nspectIv(gtJy total dissolved solids 140 to 720 O1gL with mean ami median ranles of 450 to j30 and lf60 to SlfO mgL respectively conductivity 120 to 9]() jlScm with mean and median ranies of 690 to 8JO and 680 to 800 pSem respectively pll 7 to 8 with a median range of to 7 8 Calculated ratios arc reporllmiddotd for suI atechloride and bicarbollateslilfate since witlt the low nitrate-nitrogen values observed the sulfatenltrateshynitrogen and chloride nil rate-nitrogen Vil Illes are not v(ry mean Sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 01I to 81 with mean and median ranges of 0 to 5 and 18 to 5 I respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 20 to 50 wt~ mean and median ranges of 6 to JJ

723 Waterworks No1

reslll ts observed for Jaterworks No1 which re(eived wa ters from Wells 2 1 SA 6A 20A and 21 an plotted in Fig 27 as follows sulfate con(entratiollS ranged rom 7(f to )10 a mean and median va]ue of 1]0 mgl chloride 17 to with a mean and median val ot 38 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16mgL with mean and medIan vahlPS ofO2l and lt010 mg1 respectively bicarbonate alka] inily 180 to 270 mgT itll a and median value 220 total dissolved solids to 5S0 IllgL wi th a mean and median value of 460 mgL conshyductivity 6S0 to 820 liSem vith mean and median val ues of and

N-ON_tJ _tV~OS

ltgt ltgt

ijl ltgt 4

g ashy

ashy ashy

agt

L __--- ltgt W 1 ltgt g0 ~ 0 o g g

o ~OSOJHN-ON~OSw~srl middothlgtA~npuoJ

1lw bull=OS 1lw COJuJ cu OJH o

n 0

o o o

a d

a a

g

ashy

ltn ashy

rshy tn

1l1w 1atu ~1J 1lw CPTtos paAtOCG~Q tu0l

47

co

ri

-l

1) w 7 ~lt

middotmiddotU

o ~

~j

101

8

II

6161 91610961 gt-l 0

IIgt 01 I- () 0w

0~ 09 I-II lt shyg

09 I-0 0shy

00e ~____~____~____~____~__~OOllt O~ r

()

~ OiZ 0

-() lt0 I-

~09 0 lt 09c rz OQobull

zbull 0 OE 0 OH

~ ~ () I- ~ 009 is Iil

0001 i 25w lt z

fi

OOC 8

E

~

9 ~

9

z 0w ~ 01

~ - i T 4 lr+~

0 rP 0 shy~ CO gt shy

CO 0 ~Q

f)-0

0 ~

lt r= w 0 c

z tfJ

0 ~

lt w

l 0 c

tfJ ~ rl

OJ ~

0

c 0 M w ll lt) 0

OJ c OJ gt l

l

00

0) -rl

a a M

sulfate 32 to 78 with mean and median values of 45 and 43 respecshytively

7212 Well 9

Well 9 results are plotted in Fig and are summarized as follows sulfate ranged [rom 45 to 120 mgL with and median values of SO and S2 mgL respectively chloride 120 to 160 with mean and median values of 150 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 080 with mean and median values of lt020 and lt010 rugL bicarbonate 210 to 280 mgL with mean and median values of 260 total dissolved solids 810 to 1300 mgL with mean and median values of 710 ancl 750 mgL respectively

870 to 1300 wi til mean and median values of 1100 pScm and pH 71 to 80 wilh mean and median value of 75 Cal Cldated ratios were sulfatechloride 031 to 097 with mean and TIledian values of 055 and 056 respectively Hul[atenitrate-nitrogen 95 to infinity with mean and median values of gt690 and 680 respectively chloridenitrateshynitrogen ISO to infinity with mean and median valucsol gt120() and 1500

and bicarbonatesulfate 2l to fbullbull l with mean and median

7713 Well 10

lZesul ts for Well 10 are plot led in Fig 21 and are summar izcd bLlow Sulfatp Cllllcentratiolls ranged [rom lO tll 120 with lIlean and 11Hdiall values of 5+ and f9 mgL respectively 76 to 140 mgL with a Illcan and med ian val ue 0 r 120 mgl L nit ra te-nl trogen 35 to 17 mgT vi th a mean and median valuc or 87 and 95 resppctively bIcarbonate alkalshyinity 2JO to 2S0 mgL with mean and median values of 260 and 270 IIlgL

respectively total dissolvd solids 2]0 to SOO withl H 1](J median valuc 01 640 and 670 mgL rpspectively conductivity 800 to 1200 lSCIll with mean and median values of 1000 to 990 iSem rLspecLiv(ly ancl pl 70 to 7S Iith] mcdian value of 76 Calculated rat sulfatechloride 027 to 092 witll median valuc of OJ+l respectively sulfatenitrate-nitrogen 28 22 with medin values of 75 to 2 respectively chlorldenitrate-nitro)(n 73 to 39 with mean and median values of 16 to 12 respectively bicarshybonatesulfate 50 to Sf with mean and valu(es8 66 respectively

7214 )1211 12

The results for Well 12 are plotted in and are summal-ized beshylow Sul fate concentrations rtHlged rrom 22 to 100 mgL vlth mean and median values of 59 and 58 rugL respectively Chloride 120 to 17() with mean and median values of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 44 to 16 rnglI with mean and median values of 98 and 10 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 220 to 320 mgT with a mean and median value of 280 mgL total dissolved solids 420 to 860 mgL wIth mean and median values o[ 720 and 740 respectively conductivity 1110 u 1300 )JScm with mean and median values of 1100 and 1200 jJSCIll respectively and 71 to 7S with a median value of 76 Calculated ratios were sulL ranged from 014 to 08] with mean and median values of 042 sulfatenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 18 with mean and median values of 70 and 60 respectively chlorshy

95 to 34 with mean and median valnes of l6 to 1~ respectively and bicarbonatesulfate J2 to 14 with mean and median

3S

~I

lt4~l ~-~

oc I

~ ~fl( I I I I~J +~ - shy-~I I II~

o o N

ro -shy

d a a a o o o o o ~ N ro

o ~

1JuJ N-ON lIgt1ru ~1J 1~ SP1TOS pah10ssTQ TRiOl

_1)00 0 tlt ~

t-~~ ro tshyoshy

~ N

~

o o t-

1gtIru (OJRJ sn OJH 0 a a 0 ~ 0 N

N

g o o 0shy

M ruosM hiAiOnpUOJ

1gtIru a a

ro

~

I J q+t10S ClUJ I bull

0961 UET 15--

~- I

ILW 1 i I II T 0

P-I~J I L

I

I i

values of

7215

pump went follows

58 and 54 respectively

Well 128

results plotted in Fig 23 are based on 14 saD~les because the out and was not replaced These results are summarized as

sulfate concentrations ranged from 35 to 100 mgL with mean and median values of 83 und 91 mgt respectively chloride 110 to 160 mgt with a mean and median value of ]30 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 68 mgL with mean and median values of 40 and 42 bicarbonate alkalinity one value at 100 Uds to 800 mgL with mean and median values of h90 and 710 mgL respectively conductivity 770 to 300 tlScm with mean and mediltlll values of 1100 and 1000 IIScm respectively and one value at 75 Calculated ralios were sulfute chloride range 031 to 089 with mean and median values of 0h5 and 070 respectively sulfatenitrate-llitrorell range 90 to infinity 1ith mean and median values of gt28 and 17 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range Ih to infinity with mean and medIan values of 3 ulld 29 resppctively and bicarbonatesnlfate one value at Ih

7216 WeI

resul ts for Hell 11 are plothelow Sulfate concentrations ranged median values of 80 mgL chloride

ted in from 74

100 to

Fig to

170

21 and arc 220 n~L with mgL with

summari

a

ed mean and

median value of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogp[1 0 to 034 mgL with a meFlIl lnd I1pdlan valuc 0 012 and 0]0 mgL respectively bicarbonate alk~llinity 200 to 280 mgt~ with mean and median values of 2(JO and 280 mgL rcspectivcly total dissolved solids 520 to )70 ltlith mean ami median vaJIH~s of 780 and 810 mgL respectively conductivity 8tO to 1300 jlScm wi th mew and median values of 1000 and 1 )isem respectively and pl 71 to 80 with a median vdue of 7h Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 067 to 22 with mean and median values of 17 and 1 sulfatpnitrateshynitrogen 220 to infinity with mean median vailles of gt1500 and 1600 respectively clJloridnitratf-nitrogen DO to infinity with mean and median values 1100 and 1000 respectively and bicarbonatesulfa 11 to 27 w1 t 11 mean and Dwd ian va LllCS 15 and 14 respec t i vel y bull

7217 Well 11

The resuLts for Well 1l are plotted in Fig 25 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 52 to 130 mgL with mean and median values of and 96 Illg respectivel chloride 100 to 270 mgL with mean and median conccmtrations 10 and 120 respectively nitrate-nitrogen 0 to It with mean and median values of I and 020 mgL respectiveLy bicarhonate alkalinity 120 to 330 mgL with mean and median values oL 210 ami gthO O1gL respectively total dissolvd ids 1180 1000 mgL with mean and median values of 770 and 730 mgL respecshytively conduct iv ity 810 to lOO psI cm with mean and med ian values 1100 and 1000 respeetivcly and pH 73 to 78 with a median value of 75 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 025 to I with mean and median values f 073 and 074 respectively sulfatenitrateshynitrogen 54 to infinity with mean and median values of and 650 respectively 20 to infinity Vith mean and median values of gt710 and 510 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate 1

42

f-shy

f-shy

N-ON~OS o N

o ro

B I z-I--ffi o o

6 I ~ J

a

_tgtOS

1lilru OS a 0 a (j ltXl ~ _ _

tshy

f tt ltXlplusmnt- t-O

1I o o o

~~N lil N-ON_tl

c

-~

GJ1lilru middot~PtOS PQAtO~QQ IV~Ol

8 a a 8

O lshy

Jl

t-o-

ltXl t-O

GJ

E rJ ~~ t-~~

~f IK+ I I ~ ~n1 oo a o a a

~ a lil a a 8 N a ltXl utgtsrl AHAnxpUo)1lilru II-~ON 1~ tl

43

OS6 SL6T

8 e ~ --+------+----1----1

w~middot9 -Vshy ~

-r-----+----+----+----~O

i~r~

008r-----r-----+-----+----4-shy() o

g ~ ~ OOOT

~o 1~ -shy0071

0 lt+

00

009 2shylt n tIJ

008 0 - 0shy

OOOT ~ r

V oon B

OOClr----+---+-shy

9161

~- ~

009

It g

008 Ii

sL6TOS61

()

o w

01Gr---+rr--+---~--~---

--~~ ~_OOT

orCf----f--- _-r-__+----+---I0n

()

bull

I

t5 09

~

08T pound shyr

Ll

Oee 02

092

~ shyr 00

o wo0

tIl OT -r

~ w

61610861 916t ~tr---_+----_----+_--~----~

--+---4---1 08

~

p

~ J

0001 ~ t ~

to 63 with mean and median values of 32 and 31 respectively

7218 Waterworks No2

The integrated input from the preceding wclls into Waterworks arc plotted in Fig 26 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 50 to 150 mgL with mean and median values of 99 to 100111gL respectively chloride 110 to 190 mgL wiLh mean and median values of 130 nitrate-nitrogen 17 to 70 mgI wiLh mean and median values of and 1 6 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 230 to 280 mgI with mean and median values ot 260 and 270 mgL respectively total disshysolved solids 540 to 80 with mean and median values 740 mgL conductivity 890 to 1100 with a mean and median value of 1100 IIScm respectively and pll 74 to 82 with median value of 17 Cakulated ratios were sulfatechloride range 0l0 to 14 with a mean and median value or 078 11 to 42 with a mean anr] mcdian value of 24 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 76 with a mean and median value of 33 and 28 respectively and bicarbonatestafate 18 to j2 with mean and median values of 2 and 27 respectively

722 North Field

722l Wells 2 J SA 6A JOA 19 and 2]

llecaustmiddot the variation in these wplls was not influenced appreciahly by Land lSC practices or locatIon I)(in[ in a park or nearby area the results are sUlfunarized co11(middotct ively The rIgtults of W(gtl I) arc not included Sulfate conc(gtntrations ranged from 48 to ]60 mgL with mean median

of 8j Lo 100 and Wf to 100 mgL respectively chloride II to lj

with mean and lllCdian rangs 01 l8 to 50 Clnd 17 to 46 mgl rlspecshy nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16 mgL with ][Jean and median rCln~C~

lt009 to 027 and lt010 to 014 respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 190 to 320 with mean and Ildian ranges 250 to 280 and 250 to 300 mgL nspectIv(gtJy total dissolved solids 140 to 720 O1gL with mean ami median ranles of 450 to j30 and lf60 to SlfO mgL respectively conductivity 120 to 9]() jlScm with mean and median ranies of 690 to 8JO and 680 to 800 pSem respectively pll 7 to 8 with a median range of to 7 8 Calculated ratios arc reporllmiddotd for suI atechloride and bicarbollateslilfate since witlt the low nitrate-nitrogen values observed the sulfatenltrateshynitrogen and chloride nil rate-nitrogen Vil Illes are not v(ry mean Sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 01I to 81 with mean and median ranges of 0 to 5 and 18 to 5 I respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 20 to 50 wt~ mean and median ranges of 6 to JJ

723 Waterworks No1

reslll ts observed for Jaterworks No1 which re(eived wa ters from Wells 2 1 SA 6A 20A and 21 an plotted in Fig 27 as follows sulfate con(entratiollS ranged rom 7(f to )10 a mean and median va]ue of 1]0 mgl chloride 17 to with a mean and median val ot 38 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16mgL with mean and medIan vahlPS ofO2l and lt010 mg1 respectively bicarbonate alka] inily 180 to 270 mgT itll a and median value 220 total dissolved solids to 5S0 IllgL wi th a mean and median value of 460 mgL conshyductivity 6S0 to 820 liSem vith mean and median val ues of and

N-ON_tJ _tV~OS

ltgt ltgt

ijl ltgt 4

g ashy

ashy ashy

agt

L __--- ltgt W 1 ltgt g0 ~ 0 o g g

o ~OSOJHN-ON~OSw~srl middothlgtA~npuoJ

1lw bull=OS 1lw COJuJ cu OJH o

n 0

o o o

a d

a a

g

ashy

ltn ashy

rshy tn

1l1w 1atu ~1J 1lw CPTtos paAtOCG~Q tu0l

47

co

ri

-l

1) w 7 ~lt

middotmiddotU

o ~

~j

101

8

a a M

sulfate 32 to 78 with mean and median values of 45 and 43 respecshytively

7212 Well 9

Well 9 results are plotted in Fig and are summarized as follows sulfate ranged [rom 45 to 120 mgL with and median values of SO and S2 mgL respectively chloride 120 to 160 with mean and median values of 150 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 080 with mean and median values of lt020 and lt010 rugL bicarbonate 210 to 280 mgL with mean and median values of 260 total dissolved solids 810 to 1300 mgL with mean and median values of 710 ancl 750 mgL respectively

870 to 1300 wi til mean and median values of 1100 pScm and pH 71 to 80 wilh mean and median value of 75 Cal Cldated ratios were sulfatechloride 031 to 097 with mean and TIledian values of 055 and 056 respectively Hul[atenitrate-nitrogen 95 to infinity with mean and median values of gt690 and 680 respectively chloridenitrateshynitrogen ISO to infinity with mean and median valucsol gt120() and 1500

and bicarbonatesulfate 2l to fbullbull l with mean and median

7713 Well 10

lZesul ts for Well 10 are plot led in Fig 21 and are summar izcd bLlow Sulfatp Cllllcentratiolls ranged [rom lO tll 120 with lIlean and 11Hdiall values of 5+ and f9 mgL respectively 76 to 140 mgL with a Illcan and med ian val ue 0 r 120 mgl L nit ra te-nl trogen 35 to 17 mgT vi th a mean and median valuc or 87 and 95 resppctively bIcarbonate alkalshyinity 2JO to 2S0 mgL with mean and median values of 260 and 270 IIlgL

respectively total dissolvd solids 2]0 to SOO withl H 1](J median valuc 01 640 and 670 mgL rpspectively conductivity 800 to 1200 lSCIll with mean and median values of 1000 to 990 iSem rLspecLiv(ly ancl pl 70 to 7S Iith] mcdian value of 76 Calculated rat sulfatechloride 027 to 092 witll median valuc of OJ+l respectively sulfatenitrate-nitrogen 28 22 with medin values of 75 to 2 respectively chlorldenitrate-nitro)(n 73 to 39 with mean and median values of 16 to 12 respectively bicarshybonatesulfate 50 to Sf with mean and valu(es8 66 respectively

7214 )1211 12

The results for Well 12 are plotted in and are summal-ized beshylow Sul fate concentrations rtHlged rrom 22 to 100 mgL vlth mean and median values of 59 and 58 rugL respectively Chloride 120 to 17() with mean and median values of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 44 to 16 rnglI with mean and median values of 98 and 10 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 220 to 320 mgT with a mean and median value of 280 mgL total dissolved solids 420 to 860 mgL wIth mean and median values o[ 720 and 740 respectively conductivity 1110 u 1300 )JScm with mean and median values of 1100 and 1200 jJSCIll respectively and 71 to 7S with a median value of 76 Calculated ratios were sulL ranged from 014 to 08] with mean and median values of 042 sulfatenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 18 with mean and median values of 70 and 60 respectively chlorshy

95 to 34 with mean and median valnes of l6 to 1~ respectively and bicarbonatesulfate J2 to 14 with mean and median

3S

~I

lt4~l ~-~

oc I

~ ~fl( I I I I~J +~ - shy-~I I II~

o o N

ro -shy

d a a a o o o o o ~ N ro

o ~

1JuJ N-ON lIgt1ru ~1J 1~ SP1TOS pah10ssTQ TRiOl

_1)00 0 tlt ~

t-~~ ro tshyoshy

~ N

~

o o t-

1gtIru (OJRJ sn OJH 0 a a 0 ~ 0 N

N

g o o 0shy

M ruosM hiAiOnpUOJ

1gtIru a a

ro

~

I J q+t10S ClUJ I bull

0961 UET 15--

~- I

ILW 1 i I II T 0

P-I~J I L

I

I i

values of

7215

pump went follows

58 and 54 respectively

Well 128

results plotted in Fig 23 are based on 14 saD~les because the out and was not replaced These results are summarized as

sulfate concentrations ranged from 35 to 100 mgL with mean and median values of 83 und 91 mgt respectively chloride 110 to 160 mgt with a mean and median value of ]30 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 68 mgL with mean and median values of 40 and 42 bicarbonate alkalinity one value at 100 Uds to 800 mgL with mean and median values of h90 and 710 mgL respectively conductivity 770 to 300 tlScm with mean and mediltlll values of 1100 and 1000 IIScm respectively and one value at 75 Calculated ralios were sulfute chloride range 031 to 089 with mean and median values of 0h5 and 070 respectively sulfatenitrate-llitrorell range 90 to infinity 1ith mean and median values of gt28 and 17 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range Ih to infinity with mean and medIan values of 3 ulld 29 resppctively and bicarbonatesnlfate one value at Ih

7216 WeI

resul ts for Hell 11 are plothelow Sulfate concentrations ranged median values of 80 mgL chloride

ted in from 74

100 to

Fig to

170

21 and arc 220 n~L with mgL with

summari

a

ed mean and

median value of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogp[1 0 to 034 mgL with a meFlIl lnd I1pdlan valuc 0 012 and 0]0 mgL respectively bicarbonate alk~llinity 200 to 280 mgt~ with mean and median values of 2(JO and 280 mgL rcspectivcly total dissolved solids 520 to )70 ltlith mean ami median vaJIH~s of 780 and 810 mgL respectively conductivity 8tO to 1300 jlScm wi th mew and median values of 1000 and 1 )isem respectively and pl 71 to 80 with a median vdue of 7h Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 067 to 22 with mean and median values of 17 and 1 sulfatpnitrateshynitrogen 220 to infinity with mean median vailles of gt1500 and 1600 respectively clJloridnitratf-nitrogen DO to infinity with mean and median values 1100 and 1000 respectively and bicarbonatesulfa 11 to 27 w1 t 11 mean and Dwd ian va LllCS 15 and 14 respec t i vel y bull

7217 Well 11

The resuLts for Well 1l are plotted in Fig 25 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 52 to 130 mgL with mean and median values of and 96 Illg respectivel chloride 100 to 270 mgL with mean and median conccmtrations 10 and 120 respectively nitrate-nitrogen 0 to It with mean and median values of I and 020 mgL respectiveLy bicarhonate alkalinity 120 to 330 mgL with mean and median values oL 210 ami gthO O1gL respectively total dissolvd ids 1180 1000 mgL with mean and median values of 770 and 730 mgL respecshytively conduct iv ity 810 to lOO psI cm with mean and med ian values 1100 and 1000 respeetivcly and pH 73 to 78 with a median value of 75 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 025 to I with mean and median values f 073 and 074 respectively sulfatenitrateshynitrogen 54 to infinity with mean and median values of and 650 respectively 20 to infinity Vith mean and median values of gt710 and 510 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate 1

42

f-shy

f-shy

N-ON~OS o N

o ro

B I z-I--ffi o o

6 I ~ J

a

_tgtOS

1lilru OS a 0 a (j ltXl ~ _ _

tshy

f tt ltXlplusmnt- t-O

1I o o o

~~N lil N-ON_tl

c

-~

GJ1lilru middot~PtOS PQAtO~QQ IV~Ol

8 a a 8

O lshy

Jl

t-o-

ltXl t-O

GJ

E rJ ~~ t-~~

~f IK+ I I ~ ~n1 oo a o a a

~ a lil a a 8 N a ltXl utgtsrl AHAnxpUo)1lilru II-~ON 1~ tl

43

OS6 SL6T

8 e ~ --+------+----1----1

w~middot9 -Vshy ~

-r-----+----+----+----~O

i~r~

008r-----r-----+-----+----4-shy() o

g ~ ~ OOOT

~o 1~ -shy0071

0 lt+

00

009 2shylt n tIJ

008 0 - 0shy

OOOT ~ r

V oon B

OOClr----+---+-shy

9161

~- ~

009

It g

008 Ii

sL6TOS61

()

o w

01Gr---+rr--+---~--~---

--~~ ~_OOT

orCf----f--- _-r-__+----+---I0n

()

bull

I

t5 09

~

08T pound shyr

Ll

Oee 02

092

~ shyr 00

o wo0

tIl OT -r

~ w

61610861 916t ~tr---_+----_----+_--~----~

--+---4---1 08

~

p

~ J

0001 ~ t ~

to 63 with mean and median values of 32 and 31 respectively

7218 Waterworks No2

The integrated input from the preceding wclls into Waterworks arc plotted in Fig 26 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 50 to 150 mgL with mean and median values of 99 to 100111gL respectively chloride 110 to 190 mgL wiLh mean and median values of 130 nitrate-nitrogen 17 to 70 mgI wiLh mean and median values of and 1 6 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 230 to 280 mgI with mean and median values ot 260 and 270 mgL respectively total disshysolved solids 540 to 80 with mean and median values 740 mgL conductivity 890 to 1100 with a mean and median value of 1100 IIScm respectively and pll 74 to 82 with median value of 17 Cakulated ratios were sulfatechloride range 0l0 to 14 with a mean and median value or 078 11 to 42 with a mean anr] mcdian value of 24 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 76 with a mean and median value of 33 and 28 respectively and bicarbonatestafate 18 to j2 with mean and median values of 2 and 27 respectively

722 North Field

722l Wells 2 J SA 6A JOA 19 and 2]

llecaustmiddot the variation in these wplls was not influenced appreciahly by Land lSC practices or locatIon I)(in[ in a park or nearby area the results are sUlfunarized co11(middotct ively The rIgtults of W(gtl I) arc not included Sulfate conc(gtntrations ranged from 48 to ]60 mgL with mean median

of 8j Lo 100 and Wf to 100 mgL respectively chloride II to lj

with mean and lllCdian rangs 01 l8 to 50 Clnd 17 to 46 mgl rlspecshy nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16 mgL with ][Jean and median rCln~C~

lt009 to 027 and lt010 to 014 respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 190 to 320 with mean and Ildian ranges 250 to 280 and 250 to 300 mgL nspectIv(gtJy total dissolved solids 140 to 720 O1gL with mean ami median ranles of 450 to j30 and lf60 to SlfO mgL respectively conductivity 120 to 9]() jlScm with mean and median ranies of 690 to 8JO and 680 to 800 pSem respectively pll 7 to 8 with a median range of to 7 8 Calculated ratios arc reporllmiddotd for suI atechloride and bicarbollateslilfate since witlt the low nitrate-nitrogen values observed the sulfatenltrateshynitrogen and chloride nil rate-nitrogen Vil Illes are not v(ry mean Sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 01I to 81 with mean and median ranges of 0 to 5 and 18 to 5 I respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 20 to 50 wt~ mean and median ranges of 6 to JJ

723 Waterworks No1

reslll ts observed for Jaterworks No1 which re(eived wa ters from Wells 2 1 SA 6A 20A and 21 an plotted in Fig 27 as follows sulfate con(entratiollS ranged rom 7(f to )10 a mean and median va]ue of 1]0 mgl chloride 17 to with a mean and median val ot 38 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16mgL with mean and medIan vahlPS ofO2l and lt010 mg1 respectively bicarbonate alka] inily 180 to 270 mgT itll a and median value 220 total dissolved solids to 5S0 IllgL wi th a mean and median value of 460 mgL conshyductivity 6S0 to 820 liSem vith mean and median val ues of and

N-ON_tJ _tV~OS

ltgt ltgt

ijl ltgt 4

g ashy

ashy ashy

agt

L __--- ltgt W 1 ltgt g0 ~ 0 o g g

o ~OSOJHN-ON~OSw~srl middothlgtA~npuoJ

1lw bull=OS 1lw COJuJ cu OJH o

n 0

o o o

a d

a a

g

ashy

ltn ashy

rshy tn

1l1w 1atu ~1J 1lw CPTtos paAtOCG~Q tu0l

47

co

ri

-l

1) w 7 ~lt

middotmiddotU

o ~

~j

101

8

~

I J q+t10S ClUJ I bull

0961 UET 15--

~- I

ILW 1 i I II T 0

P-I~J I L

I

I i

values of

7215

pump went follows

58 and 54 respectively

Well 128

results plotted in Fig 23 are based on 14 saD~les because the out and was not replaced These results are summarized as

sulfate concentrations ranged from 35 to 100 mgL with mean and median values of 83 und 91 mgt respectively chloride 110 to 160 mgt with a mean and median value of ]30 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 68 mgL with mean and median values of 40 and 42 bicarbonate alkalinity one value at 100 Uds to 800 mgL with mean and median values of h90 and 710 mgL respectively conductivity 770 to 300 tlScm with mean and mediltlll values of 1100 and 1000 IIScm respectively and one value at 75 Calculated ralios were sulfute chloride range 031 to 089 with mean and median values of 0h5 and 070 respectively sulfatenitrate-llitrorell range 90 to infinity 1ith mean and median values of gt28 and 17 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range Ih to infinity with mean and medIan values of 3 ulld 29 resppctively and bicarbonatesnlfate one value at Ih

7216 WeI

resul ts for Hell 11 are plothelow Sulfate concentrations ranged median values of 80 mgL chloride

ted in from 74

100 to

Fig to

170

21 and arc 220 n~L with mgL with

summari

a

ed mean and

median value of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogp[1 0 to 034 mgL with a meFlIl lnd I1pdlan valuc 0 012 and 0]0 mgL respectively bicarbonate alk~llinity 200 to 280 mgt~ with mean and median values of 2(JO and 280 mgL rcspectivcly total dissolved solids 520 to )70 ltlith mean ami median vaJIH~s of 780 and 810 mgL respectively conductivity 8tO to 1300 jlScm wi th mew and median values of 1000 and 1 )isem respectively and pl 71 to 80 with a median vdue of 7h Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 067 to 22 with mean and median values of 17 and 1 sulfatpnitrateshynitrogen 220 to infinity with mean median vailles of gt1500 and 1600 respectively clJloridnitratf-nitrogen DO to infinity with mean and median values 1100 and 1000 respectively and bicarbonatesulfa 11 to 27 w1 t 11 mean and Dwd ian va LllCS 15 and 14 respec t i vel y bull

7217 Well 11

The resuLts for Well 1l are plotted in Fig 25 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 52 to 130 mgL with mean and median values of and 96 Illg respectivel chloride 100 to 270 mgL with mean and median conccmtrations 10 and 120 respectively nitrate-nitrogen 0 to It with mean and median values of I and 020 mgL respectiveLy bicarhonate alkalinity 120 to 330 mgL with mean and median values oL 210 ami gthO O1gL respectively total dissolvd ids 1180 1000 mgL with mean and median values of 770 and 730 mgL respecshytively conduct iv ity 810 to lOO psI cm with mean and med ian values 1100 and 1000 respeetivcly and pH 73 to 78 with a median value of 75 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 025 to I with mean and median values f 073 and 074 respectively sulfatenitrateshynitrogen 54 to infinity with mean and median values of and 650 respectively 20 to infinity Vith mean and median values of gt710 and 510 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate 1

42

f-shy

f-shy

N-ON~OS o N

o ro

B I z-I--ffi o o

6 I ~ J

a

_tgtOS

1lilru OS a 0 a (j ltXl ~ _ _

tshy

f tt ltXlplusmnt- t-O

1I o o o

~~N lil N-ON_tl

c

-~

GJ1lilru middot~PtOS PQAtO~QQ IV~Ol

8 a a 8

O lshy

Jl

t-o-

ltXl t-O

GJ

E rJ ~~ t-~~

~f IK+ I I ~ ~n1 oo a o a a

~ a lil a a 8 N a ltXl utgtsrl AHAnxpUo)1lilru II-~ON 1~ tl

43

OS6 SL6T

8 e ~ --+------+----1----1

w~middot9 -Vshy ~

-r-----+----+----+----~O

i~r~

008r-----r-----+-----+----4-shy() o

g ~ ~ OOOT

~o 1~ -shy0071

0 lt+

00

009 2shylt n tIJ

008 0 - 0shy

OOOT ~ r

V oon B

OOClr----+---+-shy

9161

~- ~

009

It g

008 Ii

sL6TOS61

()

o w

01Gr---+rr--+---~--~---

--~~ ~_OOT

orCf----f--- _-r-__+----+---I0n

()

bull

I

t5 09

~

08T pound shyr

Ll

Oee 02

092

~ shyr 00

o wo0

tIl OT -r

~ w

61610861 916t ~tr---_+----_----+_--~----~

--+---4---1 08

~

p

~ J

0001 ~ t ~

to 63 with mean and median values of 32 and 31 respectively

7218 Waterworks No2

The integrated input from the preceding wclls into Waterworks arc plotted in Fig 26 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 50 to 150 mgL with mean and median values of 99 to 100111gL respectively chloride 110 to 190 mgL wiLh mean and median values of 130 nitrate-nitrogen 17 to 70 mgI wiLh mean and median values of and 1 6 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 230 to 280 mgI with mean and median values ot 260 and 270 mgL respectively total disshysolved solids 540 to 80 with mean and median values 740 mgL conductivity 890 to 1100 with a mean and median value of 1100 IIScm respectively and pll 74 to 82 with median value of 17 Cakulated ratios were sulfatechloride range 0l0 to 14 with a mean and median value or 078 11 to 42 with a mean anr] mcdian value of 24 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 76 with a mean and median value of 33 and 28 respectively and bicarbonatestafate 18 to j2 with mean and median values of 2 and 27 respectively

722 North Field

722l Wells 2 J SA 6A JOA 19 and 2]

llecaustmiddot the variation in these wplls was not influenced appreciahly by Land lSC practices or locatIon I)(in[ in a park or nearby area the results are sUlfunarized co11(middotct ively The rIgtults of W(gtl I) arc not included Sulfate conc(gtntrations ranged from 48 to ]60 mgL with mean median

of 8j Lo 100 and Wf to 100 mgL respectively chloride II to lj

with mean and lllCdian rangs 01 l8 to 50 Clnd 17 to 46 mgl rlspecshy nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16 mgL with ][Jean and median rCln~C~

lt009 to 027 and lt010 to 014 respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 190 to 320 with mean and Ildian ranges 250 to 280 and 250 to 300 mgL nspectIv(gtJy total dissolved solids 140 to 720 O1gL with mean ami median ranles of 450 to j30 and lf60 to SlfO mgL respectively conductivity 120 to 9]() jlScm with mean and median ranies of 690 to 8JO and 680 to 800 pSem respectively pll 7 to 8 with a median range of to 7 8 Calculated ratios arc reporllmiddotd for suI atechloride and bicarbollateslilfate since witlt the low nitrate-nitrogen values observed the sulfatenltrateshynitrogen and chloride nil rate-nitrogen Vil Illes are not v(ry mean Sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 01I to 81 with mean and median ranges of 0 to 5 and 18 to 5 I respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 20 to 50 wt~ mean and median ranges of 6 to JJ

723 Waterworks No1

reslll ts observed for Jaterworks No1 which re(eived wa ters from Wells 2 1 SA 6A 20A and 21 an plotted in Fig 27 as follows sulfate con(entratiollS ranged rom 7(f to )10 a mean and median va]ue of 1]0 mgl chloride 17 to with a mean and median val ot 38 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16mgL with mean and medIan vahlPS ofO2l and lt010 mg1 respectively bicarbonate alka] inily 180 to 270 mgT itll a and median value 220 total dissolved solids to 5S0 IllgL wi th a mean and median value of 460 mgL conshyductivity 6S0 to 820 liSem vith mean and median val ues of and

N-ON_tJ _tV~OS

ltgt ltgt

ijl ltgt 4

g ashy

ashy ashy

agt

L __--- ltgt W 1 ltgt g0 ~ 0 o g g

o ~OSOJHN-ON~OSw~srl middothlgtA~npuoJ

1lw bull=OS 1lw COJuJ cu OJH o

n 0

o o o

a d

a a

g

ashy

ltn ashy

rshy tn

1l1w 1atu ~1J 1lw CPTtos paAtOCG~Q tu0l

47

co

ri

-l

1) w 7 ~lt

middotmiddotU

o ~

~j

101

8

values of

7215

pump went follows

58 and 54 respectively

Well 128

results plotted in Fig 23 are based on 14 saD~les because the out and was not replaced These results are summarized as

sulfate concentrations ranged from 35 to 100 mgL with mean and median values of 83 und 91 mgt respectively chloride 110 to 160 mgt with a mean and median value of ]30 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 68 mgL with mean and median values of 40 and 42 bicarbonate alkalinity one value at 100 Uds to 800 mgL with mean and median values of h90 and 710 mgL respectively conductivity 770 to 300 tlScm with mean and mediltlll values of 1100 and 1000 IIScm respectively and one value at 75 Calculated ralios were sulfute chloride range 031 to 089 with mean and median values of 0h5 and 070 respectively sulfatenitrate-llitrorell range 90 to infinity 1ith mean and median values of gt28 and 17 respectively chloridenitrate-nitrogen range Ih to infinity with mean and medIan values of 3 ulld 29 resppctively and bicarbonatesnlfate one value at Ih

7216 WeI

resul ts for Hell 11 are plothelow Sulfate concentrations ranged median values of 80 mgL chloride

ted in from 74

100 to

Fig to

170

21 and arc 220 n~L with mgL with

summari

a

ed mean and

median value of 110 mgL nitrate-nitrogp[1 0 to 034 mgL with a meFlIl lnd I1pdlan valuc 0 012 and 0]0 mgL respectively bicarbonate alk~llinity 200 to 280 mgt~ with mean and median values of 2(JO and 280 mgL rcspectivcly total dissolved solids 520 to )70 ltlith mean ami median vaJIH~s of 780 and 810 mgL respectively conductivity 8tO to 1300 jlScm wi th mew and median values of 1000 and 1 )isem respectively and pl 71 to 80 with a median vdue of 7h Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 067 to 22 with mean and median values of 17 and 1 sulfatpnitrateshynitrogen 220 to infinity with mean median vailles of gt1500 and 1600 respectively clJloridnitratf-nitrogen DO to infinity with mean and median values 1100 and 1000 respectively and bicarbonatesulfa 11 to 27 w1 t 11 mean and Dwd ian va LllCS 15 and 14 respec t i vel y bull

7217 Well 11

The resuLts for Well 1l are plotted in Fig 25 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 52 to 130 mgL with mean and median values of and 96 Illg respectivel chloride 100 to 270 mgL with mean and median conccmtrations 10 and 120 respectively nitrate-nitrogen 0 to It with mean and median values of I and 020 mgL respectiveLy bicarhonate alkalinity 120 to 330 mgL with mean and median values oL 210 ami gthO O1gL respectively total dissolvd ids 1180 1000 mgL with mean and median values of 770 and 730 mgL respecshytively conduct iv ity 810 to lOO psI cm with mean and med ian values 1100 and 1000 respeetivcly and pH 73 to 78 with a median value of 75 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 025 to I with mean and median values f 073 and 074 respectively sulfatenitrateshynitrogen 54 to infinity with mean and median values of and 650 respectively 20 to infinity Vith mean and median values of gt710 and 510 respectively and bicarbonatesulfate 1

42

f-shy

f-shy

N-ON~OS o N

o ro

B I z-I--ffi o o

6 I ~ J

a

_tgtOS

1lilru OS a 0 a (j ltXl ~ _ _

tshy

f tt ltXlplusmnt- t-O

1I o o o

~~N lil N-ON_tl

c

-~

GJ1lilru middot~PtOS PQAtO~QQ IV~Ol

8 a a 8

O lshy

Jl

t-o-

ltXl t-O

GJ

E rJ ~~ t-~~

~f IK+ I I ~ ~n1 oo a o a a

~ a lil a a 8 N a ltXl utgtsrl AHAnxpUo)1lilru II-~ON 1~ tl

43

OS6 SL6T

8 e ~ --+------+----1----1

w~middot9 -Vshy ~

-r-----+----+----+----~O

i~r~

008r-----r-----+-----+----4-shy() o

g ~ ~ OOOT

~o 1~ -shy0071

0 lt+

00

009 2shylt n tIJ

008 0 - 0shy

OOOT ~ r

V oon B

OOClr----+---+-shy

9161

~- ~

009

It g

008 Ii

sL6TOS61

()

o w

01Gr---+rr--+---~--~---

--~~ ~_OOT

orCf----f--- _-r-__+----+---I0n

()

bull

I

t5 09

~

08T pound shyr

Ll

Oee 02

092

~ shyr 00

o wo0

tIl OT -r

~ w

61610861 916t ~tr---_+----_----+_--~----~

--+---4---1 08

~

p

~ J

0001 ~ t ~

to 63 with mean and median values of 32 and 31 respectively

7218 Waterworks No2

The integrated input from the preceding wclls into Waterworks arc plotted in Fig 26 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 50 to 150 mgL with mean and median values of 99 to 100111gL respectively chloride 110 to 190 mgL wiLh mean and median values of 130 nitrate-nitrogen 17 to 70 mgI wiLh mean and median values of and 1 6 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 230 to 280 mgI with mean and median values ot 260 and 270 mgL respectively total disshysolved solids 540 to 80 with mean and median values 740 mgL conductivity 890 to 1100 with a mean and median value of 1100 IIScm respectively and pll 74 to 82 with median value of 17 Cakulated ratios were sulfatechloride range 0l0 to 14 with a mean and median value or 078 11 to 42 with a mean anr] mcdian value of 24 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 76 with a mean and median value of 33 and 28 respectively and bicarbonatestafate 18 to j2 with mean and median values of 2 and 27 respectively

722 North Field

722l Wells 2 J SA 6A JOA 19 and 2]

llecaustmiddot the variation in these wplls was not influenced appreciahly by Land lSC practices or locatIon I)(in[ in a park or nearby area the results are sUlfunarized co11(middotct ively The rIgtults of W(gtl I) arc not included Sulfate conc(gtntrations ranged from 48 to ]60 mgL with mean median

of 8j Lo 100 and Wf to 100 mgL respectively chloride II to lj

with mean and lllCdian rangs 01 l8 to 50 Clnd 17 to 46 mgl rlspecshy nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16 mgL with ][Jean and median rCln~C~

lt009 to 027 and lt010 to 014 respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 190 to 320 with mean and Ildian ranges 250 to 280 and 250 to 300 mgL nspectIv(gtJy total dissolved solids 140 to 720 O1gL with mean ami median ranles of 450 to j30 and lf60 to SlfO mgL respectively conductivity 120 to 9]() jlScm with mean and median ranies of 690 to 8JO and 680 to 800 pSem respectively pll 7 to 8 with a median range of to 7 8 Calculated ratios arc reporllmiddotd for suI atechloride and bicarbollateslilfate since witlt the low nitrate-nitrogen values observed the sulfatenltrateshynitrogen and chloride nil rate-nitrogen Vil Illes are not v(ry mean Sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 01I to 81 with mean and median ranges of 0 to 5 and 18 to 5 I respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 20 to 50 wt~ mean and median ranges of 6 to JJ

723 Waterworks No1

reslll ts observed for Jaterworks No1 which re(eived wa ters from Wells 2 1 SA 6A 20A and 21 an plotted in Fig 27 as follows sulfate con(entratiollS ranged rom 7(f to )10 a mean and median va]ue of 1]0 mgl chloride 17 to with a mean and median val ot 38 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16mgL with mean and medIan vahlPS ofO2l and lt010 mg1 respectively bicarbonate alka] inily 180 to 270 mgT itll a and median value 220 total dissolved solids to 5S0 IllgL wi th a mean and median value of 460 mgL conshyductivity 6S0 to 820 liSem vith mean and median val ues of and

N-ON_tJ _tV~OS

ltgt ltgt

ijl ltgt 4

g ashy

ashy ashy

agt

L __--- ltgt W 1 ltgt g0 ~ 0 o g g

o ~OSOJHN-ON~OSw~srl middothlgtA~npuoJ

1lw bull=OS 1lw COJuJ cu OJH o

n 0

o o o

a d

a a

g

ashy

ltn ashy

rshy tn

1l1w 1atu ~1J 1lw CPTtos paAtOCG~Q tu0l

47

co

ri

-l

1) w 7 ~lt

middotmiddotU

o ~

~j

101

8

OS6 SL6T

8 e ~ --+------+----1----1

w~middot9 -Vshy ~

-r-----+----+----+----~O

i~r~

008r-----r-----+-----+----4-shy() o

g ~ ~ OOOT

~o 1~ -shy0071

0 lt+

00

009 2shylt n tIJ

008 0 - 0shy

OOOT ~ r

V oon B

OOClr----+---+-shy

9161

~- ~

009

It g

008 Ii

sL6TOS61

()

o w

01Gr---+rr--+---~--~---

--~~ ~_OOT

orCf----f--- _-r-__+----+---I0n

()

bull

I

t5 09

~

08T pound shyr

Ll

Oee 02

092

~ shyr 00

o wo0

tIl OT -r

~ w

61610861 916t ~tr---_+----_----+_--~----~

--+---4---1 08

~

p

~ J

0001 ~ t ~

to 63 with mean and median values of 32 and 31 respectively

7218 Waterworks No2

The integrated input from the preceding wclls into Waterworks arc plotted in Fig 26 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 50 to 150 mgL with mean and median values of 99 to 100111gL respectively chloride 110 to 190 mgL wiLh mean and median values of 130 nitrate-nitrogen 17 to 70 mgI wiLh mean and median values of and 1 6 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 230 to 280 mgI with mean and median values ot 260 and 270 mgL respectively total disshysolved solids 540 to 80 with mean and median values 740 mgL conductivity 890 to 1100 with a mean and median value of 1100 IIScm respectively and pll 74 to 82 with median value of 17 Cakulated ratios were sulfatechloride range 0l0 to 14 with a mean and median value or 078 11 to 42 with a mean anr] mcdian value of 24 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 76 with a mean and median value of 33 and 28 respectively and bicarbonatestafate 18 to j2 with mean and median values of 2 and 27 respectively

722 North Field

722l Wells 2 J SA 6A JOA 19 and 2]

llecaustmiddot the variation in these wplls was not influenced appreciahly by Land lSC practices or locatIon I)(in[ in a park or nearby area the results are sUlfunarized co11(middotct ively The rIgtults of W(gtl I) arc not included Sulfate conc(gtntrations ranged from 48 to ]60 mgL with mean median

of 8j Lo 100 and Wf to 100 mgL respectively chloride II to lj

with mean and lllCdian rangs 01 l8 to 50 Clnd 17 to 46 mgl rlspecshy nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16 mgL with ][Jean and median rCln~C~

lt009 to 027 and lt010 to 014 respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 190 to 320 with mean and Ildian ranges 250 to 280 and 250 to 300 mgL nspectIv(gtJy total dissolved solids 140 to 720 O1gL with mean ami median ranles of 450 to j30 and lf60 to SlfO mgL respectively conductivity 120 to 9]() jlScm with mean and median ranies of 690 to 8JO and 680 to 800 pSem respectively pll 7 to 8 with a median range of to 7 8 Calculated ratios arc reporllmiddotd for suI atechloride and bicarbollateslilfate since witlt the low nitrate-nitrogen values observed the sulfatenltrateshynitrogen and chloride nil rate-nitrogen Vil Illes are not v(ry mean Sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 01I to 81 with mean and median ranges of 0 to 5 and 18 to 5 I respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 20 to 50 wt~ mean and median ranges of 6 to JJ

723 Waterworks No1

reslll ts observed for Jaterworks No1 which re(eived wa ters from Wells 2 1 SA 6A 20A and 21 an plotted in Fig 27 as follows sulfate con(entratiollS ranged rom 7(f to )10 a mean and median va]ue of 1]0 mgl chloride 17 to with a mean and median val ot 38 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16mgL with mean and medIan vahlPS ofO2l and lt010 mg1 respectively bicarbonate alka] inily 180 to 270 mgT itll a and median value 220 total dissolved solids to 5S0 IllgL wi th a mean and median value of 460 mgL conshyductivity 6S0 to 820 liSem vith mean and median val ues of and

N-ON_tJ _tV~OS

ltgt ltgt

ijl ltgt 4

g ashy

ashy ashy

agt

L __--- ltgt W 1 ltgt g0 ~ 0 o g g

o ~OSOJHN-ON~OSw~srl middothlgtA~npuoJ

1lw bull=OS 1lw COJuJ cu OJH o

n 0

o o o

a d

a a

g

ashy

ltn ashy

rshy tn

1l1w 1atu ~1J 1lw CPTtos paAtOCG~Q tu0l

47

co

ri

-l

1) w 7 ~lt

middotmiddotU

o ~

~j

101

8

to 63 with mean and median values of 32 and 31 respectively

7218 Waterworks No2

The integrated input from the preceding wclls into Waterworks arc plotted in Fig 26 and are summarized as follows sulfate concentrations ranged from 50 to 150 mgL with mean and median values of 99 to 100111gL respectively chloride 110 to 190 mgL wiLh mean and median values of 130 nitrate-nitrogen 17 to 70 mgI wiLh mean and median values of and 1 6 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 230 to 280 mgI with mean and median values ot 260 and 270 mgL respectively total disshysolved solids 540 to 80 with mean and median values 740 mgL conductivity 890 to 1100 with a mean and median value of 1100 IIScm respectively and pll 74 to 82 with median value of 17 Cakulated ratios were sulfatechloride range 0l0 to 14 with a mean and median value or 078 11 to 42 with a mean anr] mcdian value of 24 chloridenitrate-nitrogen 19 to 76 with a mean and median value of 33 and 28 respectively and bicarbonatestafate 18 to j2 with mean and median values of 2 and 27 respectively

722 North Field

722l Wells 2 J SA 6A JOA 19 and 2]

llecaustmiddot the variation in these wplls was not influenced appreciahly by Land lSC practices or locatIon I)(in[ in a park or nearby area the results are sUlfunarized co11(middotct ively The rIgtults of W(gtl I) arc not included Sulfate conc(gtntrations ranged from 48 to ]60 mgL with mean median

of 8j Lo 100 and Wf to 100 mgL respectively chloride II to lj

with mean and lllCdian rangs 01 l8 to 50 Clnd 17 to 46 mgl rlspecshy nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16 mgL with ][Jean and median rCln~C~

lt009 to 027 and lt010 to 014 respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 190 to 320 with mean and Ildian ranges 250 to 280 and 250 to 300 mgL nspectIv(gtJy total dissolved solids 140 to 720 O1gL with mean ami median ranles of 450 to j30 and lf60 to SlfO mgL respectively conductivity 120 to 9]() jlScm with mean and median ranies of 690 to 8JO and 680 to 800 pSem respectively pll 7 to 8 with a median range of to 7 8 Calculated ratios arc reporllmiddotd for suI atechloride and bicarbollateslilfate since witlt the low nitrate-nitrogen values observed the sulfatenltrateshynitrogen and chloride nil rate-nitrogen Vil Illes are not v(ry mean Sulfatechloride ratios ranged from 01I to 81 with mean and median ranges of 0 to 5 and 18 to 5 I respectively and bicarbonatesulfate range 20 to 50 wt~ mean and median ranges of 6 to JJ

723 Waterworks No1

reslll ts observed for Jaterworks No1 which re(eived wa ters from Wells 2 1 SA 6A 20A and 21 an plotted in Fig 27 as follows sulfate con(entratiollS ranged rom 7(f to )10 a mean and median va]ue of 1]0 mgl chloride 17 to with a mean and median val ot 38 mgL nitrate-nitrogen 0 to 16mgL with mean and medIan vahlPS ofO2l and lt010 mg1 respectively bicarbonate alka] inily 180 to 270 mgT itll a and median value 220 total dissolved solids to 5S0 IllgL wi th a mean and median value of 460 mgL conshyductivity 6S0 to 820 liSem vith mean and median val ues of and

N-ON_tJ _tV~OS

ltgt ltgt

ijl ltgt 4

g ashy

ashy ashy

agt

L __--- ltgt W 1 ltgt g0 ~ 0 o g g

o ~OSOJHN-ON~OSw~srl middothlgtA~npuoJ

1lw bull=OS 1lw COJuJ cu OJH o

n 0

o o o

a d

a a

g

ashy

ltn ashy

rshy tn

1l1w 1atu ~1J 1lw CPTtos paAtOCG~Q tu0l

47

co

ri

-l

1) w 7 ~lt

middotmiddotU

o ~

~j

101

8

m~srl middotA1TA1~npUOO

o o

o a a 0 CO N 0 N rl

1~ poundooao sa OOH

1~ middot~OS

N rl

co o

tOOS

OS~OOH rl

o

o 0 N

01~ SPItOS paA toSS10 t al ol CJoshyo o g 5 rl tshy M to a 0 0

cu w

a ~ $co

0

OJ

0 rshy0

OJ

h

gt

oJ r-

r- ~j pound

11im T)

[8

rl ~

tshy

co rshyashyrl

)

r- i

0J

o gt

-

llScm respectively and pH 72 to 84 with mean and median value of 79 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride range 19 to 69 with mean and median values 29 and 28 respectively and L5 to 23 with mean and median values of 19 and 20 respectively Values for sulfatenitrate-nitrozen and chloridenitrate-nitrogen are not given because the nitrate-nitrogen values were low or equalled zero

721bull Distribution System

The results for the distributions system samples tributions from Haterworks No1 and No2 arC plotted are sunnnarized as follmvs sulfate concentrations with mean and median values of 100 mgL chloride with mean and median values o[ 84 to 8] mgT respectively nitrate-nitrogen deg to 60 I[lI3L with mean and median values of 21 and 0 mgL respectively hishycarbonate alkalinity 200 to 300 mgL with a mean and median value ur 250 total dissolved solids 240 to 780 mgL with and median values 580 and 560 11111 respectively conductivity 680 to 1100 IJ S em with mean and median va I lIes of 890 and 850 liSem respectively and pI 70 to 82 with a median value of 70 Sulfatechloride ratios ranled from

to 0 with mean And median values of 14 and 13 respectively and ratios ranged from 15 to 33 with mean and median

values of 2L Nedian sulfatenitrate-nitrown and chloridcnitrateshynitrogen values were 46 tu 49

73

7 bull l South FielJ

Earlier findings bave been change in concentratiuns of Wells 7 9 10 11 12 and 13 source of this chloride is not

There is a direct rflation

respectively

reported and show no 1arle the constituents except for chloride

all showed marked increases in ehloriJes readily identifiable at is time

hetween l1i trate-nitrogen leveJ s in the various wells and land use lIigher level~ of ntirate-nit((llcn occurred in thole yells in closest proximity or witlrin uricultural activities

732 North Field

and 3 had previous I that could he compared with our tindlngs In general all values were within ranges which we reported

7bull 3 Distribution System

A sing Ie samplce collected in Octoher 1968 from the ditri butlon system had values similar to our values with the exclption of chloride which lower than the values ve reported

74 Conclusions

The fo Llowing conclusions may be drnVD from the rcsul ts reported

1 Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations are in those wells located in activey farmed areas

49

~

o o o o o o

1dw SPHOS p9A[OSS1G [10J

o ~

o IrI

a o

is ~

is ltgt N

1l1w N-~ON

o o 0)

wosrl ~1TAT1~npuo~ o8 8 o

ltX)~ o

1dw ~os

~OS~OOH ~ ~ U

~ lt7gt

g o ~

lt() lt7gt

a

1dw bull (011 s

~ a 0) lt7gt

0shy lt7gt

0) o

2 Over the past 10 years or more there has been a marked increase in the chloride concentration in all wells in the soutb field

3 No appreciable changes have been observed in the quality of water taken from wells located in north field

4 Blending of lesser quality water [rom the south field with the higher quality water from the north field produces more satisfactory water for consumer use Almost all samples collected [rom wells in the south field exceeded the total dissolved solids secondary recommended level of SOO mgL and fewer samples from weI Is in the north field exceeded this level Of the 27 samples collected from the distribution system 20 cxshyceeded 500 mgL

80 INDIVIDUAL FARM WELL

81 Introdu tiun

To provide a comparison between an individual private water supply and the quality of water served by a llIunicipal system and individual farm located along the banks of the Rock River near Ilardwick was sampled The supply consisted of a shallow well middotIocated in an area between farm buildings used to house various farm animals and the River The area in the vicinity

the e U was used also as a pen area for some of the animals T

The sampling point was located in what WClS formerly the milk house 1nitia samples were taken in channel where a tap was located but when this area was converted to raising the sampling pOint WClS moved to a tap ill an adj oining building to the milk house

32 l~esults

The results obatined are [lotted in Fig 29 and ore summarized as follows sulfate cO)1Centrations ranged from 130 to 330 mgl with mean and median values of 230 and 210 mgT cld oride ItIO to 230

with lIIean and median values of 200 and 190 respectively nitrate-nitrogen 91 to 33 vitll mean and median values of 16 and 111 mgL respectively bicarbonate alkalinity 470 to 690 mgL gtlith meaD and median values of 570 to 540 respectively total dissolved solids 1100 to 2000

u JHh a mean and median value of 1500 conductivity 1600 to 2800 with a mean md median value of 2200 ISem and pH 71 to 79 with

~ value of 72 Calculated ratios were sulfatechloride 067shyw f lJlth mean and median values of 12 cmd 11 respectively sulfate

middotc ] nitrate-nitrogen 70 to 27 with a mean and median vaJue of 15 chloride

nitrate-nitrogen 67 to 22 with mean and median values of 14 and 11 C respectively and bicarbonatesulfate 16 to 31 with a mean and median

value of 22

83 Discussion

Xl The concentration reported above are all than those observed in wells serving as sourees of municipal water supply except for nitrateshy

nitrogen values reported in -JeLl 2 Adrian shy

51 V1II L~

)0

~

m ~

~

~

1~ crnos PampAIOCC1IT I1f1 oJ

o 8 g~ ltgt o

ltgt

~ ~ ~ ~ 1jitu I f oJW) )1 iAnmpUo)

Vllw os

~ ~

~

q ltshy

~

VlIID N-~ON VlIID t~

52

0 U

~

u

gt rl u C1l

rl ltOJ 0

r C1l

4shy

rl C1l l

t)

M gt

M CI H

~ N

Of)

M

In reviewing our findings with the rural family using the supply we were infonned that hecause of the deterioration which had been taking place in water quatity and problpJns assodated with use of water by young fann animals the family opted to obtain its water from a Rural Hater District serving the area

84 Conclusions

The following conclusions are warranted

1 Hater quality in this individual rural farm well was poorer than that observed in all wells serving rural municipalities

2 Nitrate-nitro[en concentrations exceed the pennissible concentrashytions of 10 mgL in 2627 samples sulfate in excess of 250 mgL in 1027 sBl1lples chloride in excess of 250 mgL in 227 samples and total dissolved solids in excess of 500 mgI~ in 2727 Sll1lples

3 If this wen is representative of rural farm water supplies in general it is obvious that these supplies are of unsatisfactory quality based upon the parameters measured

90 REFERENCES

1 Straub CP Goppers VN and DuChene in Minnesota -- Indices for Hater Supply and Bulletin 95 Hater Resources Research Center of Minnesota Mtnneapolis MN (August 1977)

A Hater Quality and Trends Ground Water Pollution HRRC

Graduate School University

2 US iJepartment of Health Education and Welfare Public Health Service Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards Revised 1962 Hashington DC (1962)

3 Bean EL Chairman Qaulity Goals for Potable Hater Statement of polj cy llrnerican Water Horks Assn Task Group 2640 P Water Quality Goals Jour Am WaterWorks Assn 60 (12) 13J7-1322 (1968)

4 U S Environmental Protection Agency Jater Program National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations Federal Register 40 (248) 59566shy59588 (Dec 24 975)

5 Straub CP Goppers VM and Singer ILD Water Quality Study - shySouthwest Minnesota School of Public Health Hater Resources Research Center Graduate School University of Minmsota Minneapolis MN (March 1981)

6 Anderson HS Jr Broussard WL Farrell DF and Felsheim PE Water Resources the Rock River Watershed Southwestern Hinnesota Hydraushylic Investigations Atlas HA-555 Published by the US Geological Survey

7 Kuehnast EL Personal communication (1981)

8 Domagele D Personal communication (1980)

53

9 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 14th Edition APltlA AFrA KPCF clmerican Public Health Assn Hashington DC (1975)

10 US Environmental Protection Agency National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations Federal Register 1+2 (62) 17l+3-171L17 (farch 311977)

11 Hinnesota Department of Health Division of Environmental Health State of Hinnesota -- Public Hater Supply Data -- 1977

Prepared September 1982

54

9 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 14th Edition APltlA AFrA KPCF clmerican Public Health Assn Hashington DC (1975)

10 US Environmental Protection Agency National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations Federal Register 1+2 (62) 17l+3-171L17 (farch 311977)

11 Hinnesota Department of Health Division of Environmental Health State of Hinnesota -- Public Hater Supply Data -- 1977

Prepared September 1982

54