PTC Creativity Lab Spacesuit Project Explore Guide

7/27/2019 PTC Creativity Lab Spacesuit Project Explore Guide

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Spacesu it Pro jec t

Explore Guide

PTC Creativity Lab

2013


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PTC Creativity Lab Spacesuit Project

Written by Ayora Berry Copyright 2013, PTC

Notice of Rights All rights reserved under copyright laws of the UnitedStates and other countries. You may reproduce andtransmit this curriculum/tutorial for educational purposesonly. All credit and trademark notices must accompanyany such reproduction made in whole or in part.

Trademarks PTC, the PTC Logo, Creo View, and all PTC Productnames and logos are trademarks or registered trademarksof PTC and/its subsidiaries in the United States and inother countries.

Acknowledgements Jordan Cox (PTC), Alyssa Walker (Framingham StateUniversity, McAuliffe Center), & Alexander Ouellet (PTC).


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Spacesuit Project

Explore Unit

The goal of this unit is to

explore the background of

the project challenge.

To assist in this goal, we

will begin by examining the

project challenge, then

gather background

information and make

sense of this research. At

the end we will review what

you learned.

Step 1: Get Started

In this step the goal is

familiarize yourself wi

project challenge, ind

role profiles, and CreaNotebook.

Step 2: Research

The goal of this step i

gather background

information about

spacesuits and plant

biomimicry.

Step 3: Analyze Res


identify important them

as well as problems a

opportunities you see

glider form and functio

Step 4: Explore Revie


review lessons learne

during the Explore ph

the Spacesuit Project


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Spacesuit Project Challenge

Design a Mars

spacesuitinspired by

plants.

Requirements:

> Spacesuit suitable for exploring

Mars surface.

> Inspired by plant form and function.

Deliverables:

> Explore Review

> Create Review

> Industry Role presentation


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In your project one of the final assignments is to take on an industry roleexperience and develop a presentation piece like you would if you were

working at a professional organization. Below are the six roles with theirassociated characteristics.

Industry Roles preview


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Creativity

NotebookSpacesuit Project

What is the purp ose of a Creat iv i ty Noteboo k

A Creativity Notebook is a record of the creative process from beginning to end.

Documenting the creative process gives you the opportunity to reflect on your research,

save interesting ideas, or identify problems and opportunities in relation to your proejct

challenge.

What type o f inform at ion do I store in a Creat iv i ty

Notebook?

You can store a variety of useful artifacts. In

addition to writing your thoughts, you can

include visual information such as photos,

doodles, sketches, collages, and visual

diagrams.

The objective of

this practice is

to documentyour creative

process.


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Activities

History of MarsMissions In this step we will explore past Mars

missions and examine the pros and consof sending robots or astronauts to Mars.

SpacesuitsIn this step we will explore the technologyof a spacesuit, conditions on Mars, andrecent innovations in spacesuit design.

Plant Biomimicry In this step we will explore examples ofbiomimicry in space technologies andexamine plant adaptations.

Research Explore Unit

Goal

The goal of this step is to gather background information about spacesuits and plants.


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Mars Astronaut vs. RobotSo far only robot rovers have made it to the surface of Mars. Future

missions may include astronauts. Below are some pros and cons for both

options. Can you think of other benefits or risks?

Astronaut PROS Robot PROS

New technologies are

improving the function of

robots immensely. TheCuriosity rover has a dozen

lab instruments and runs on

a nuclear battery.

Robots can carry out precise

analysis of air, soil, or liquid.

Robots dont need to return

to Earth which reduces travelcost.

Robots dont need food or

water which reduces supply

cost.

Humans can think on their

feet, react to new situations,

and adapt.

Humans can repair broken

equipment and solve other

unforeseen problems.

Travel greater distances and

over different terrain.

A successful human mission

would drive further

investments into Mars

exploration from government

and industry.


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=

Astronaut CONS Robot CONS

Robots have specificprogram options. Thus

reaction to new stimuli is

limited.

Robots are dependent on

commands from Earth which

are very slow due to

distances between Earth and

Mars.

Robots cant repair

themselves.

Robots have limited

movement. For example,

Curiosity can only move 650

ft. /day.

Robot exploration may

become so common that it

does not excite public

interest. This can hurt

government and industry

1/3 of all space missionshave failed. If a human Mars

mission fails, loss of life is

very likely.

Astronauts require life

supplies such as air, water,

food, recycling, and shelter

which are very costly to

transport to Mars.

There are many dangers on

the way to Mars (e.g.

meteorites, cosmic rays,

emotional stress, muscle

atrophy)

There are many dangers on

the surface of Mars (dust

storms, radiation, equipment

failure)

Return flight is costly and

technically challenging.

Images courtesy of NASA


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Mars Missions

For many years humans have been fascinated with Mars, the Red Planet. Here

are several reasons why Mars is a top choice for space exploration.

1. Humans love to explore.

2. Mars is the closest planet to Earth.

3. Mars is the most earth-like planet with mountains, deserts, and canyons.

4. There is evidence of water, which is often linked to life.

5. If protected with spacesuits, astronauts can survive on Mars.

1965. Mariner Mission. First

successful imaging and fly by.

1975. Viking Mission. Landed

on Mars and returned data.

1997. Pathfinder Mission.

Landed and delivered

Sojourner rover.

2007. Phoenix Mission. Probe

discovers presence of water.

2011. Mars Science Laboratory

Curiosity Rover Mission.

2004. Opportunity and Spirit

rovers land on Mars.2006. Mars Reconnaissance

Orbiter. Satellite data.


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Spacesuit Overview

Did you know?

Todays space suits

weigh 300 pounds

and cost 10 million

dollars to make.

Space suits are like miniature space ships. Astronauts need space suits to protect themselves from

external elements such as extreme temperatures, low gravity, and debris. Inside the suit, they also need

to meet basic needs such as breathing and going to bathroom. They also need to be able to move around,

collect samples, make repairs and other functions necessary to space exploration.

Helmet

Gloves

Upper Torso

Lower Torso

Primary Life

Support System

(PLSS)

Boots


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Images courtesy of NASA; annotations added by author.

Testing next generation NASA suits in Washington State NASA astronaut using Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU)

What is the function of each part?


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Spacesuit ConditionsIf an astronaut is walking on the surface of the Moon or makingrepairs on the International Space Station, they face many

dangers.

Danger!

Extreme pressures

Without a spacesuit an

astronauts blood would boil

and their body would

vaporize.

Danger!

Extreme temperatures

On the moon and in outer

space, temperatures range

from approximately +300

degrees to -300degreesFahrenheit.

Danger!

Micro-meteoroids

In outer space there are

small meteorites traveling

20,000 mph (10 times

faster than a bullet).

Danger!

Air qu al ity

On Mars the air is 95% C02

which is poisonous and on

the Moon and in outer

space there is no air to

breathe.


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Images: courtesy of NASA

Outer Space is 62 miles above sea level

Zero gravity

No air

Temperatures range from +250 to -250

degrees Fahrenheit

~3,000 satellites in outer space

Cosmic rays and meteorites are dangers

for astronauts and space equipment

The Moon is a satellite of Earth

1/6 of earths gravity

No air, no atmosphere

During day it is +260 F and at night it is -

280 F

On Moon there are lots of craters.

Moon soil is called regolith.

Mars is a cold, dry, desert planet

Atmosphere pressure is 1/100 of Earth

3/8 of Earths gravity

Air is 95% C02, only 0.1% Oxygen.

Temperatures range from +80 to -225 FDust and wind storms.

Many physical features: volcanoes,

mountains, canyons, polar caps


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Spacesuit Science

PRESSURE

Knowledge of physics, chemistry, biology and other science fields

are critical to creating a functional spacesuit. In this brief, important

science problems and technical solutions are presented.

Spacesuits are pressurized.

They are inflated like a balloon

and a strong shell keeps the air

inside kind of like a bicycle

wheel with an inflated tube and

rubberized shell. Future

exploration on Mars will require

pressurized suits because sea

level atmosphere on Mars is

1/100 of Earths sea level.

On earth the air around us creates constant pressure on our bodies. In outer space there is no air, so thereis no pressure acting on an astronauts body. If an astronaut went into outer space without protection,

gases would rush out of the body much like soda popping out of a pressurized bottle. The skin would inflate

like a balloon, blood would boil, and tissues would break apart. Within seconds an astronaut would go

unconscious from lack of oxygen and very quickly he or she would die.

Pressurized Mercury space suit (NASA)


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TEMPERATURE

Working in space or on alien planets can expose astronauts to very different temperatures thanexperienced on Earth. In outer space, when an astronaut faces the sun, the suit can heat up to 250

degrees F from solar radiation. When an astronaut is on the dark side of a moon or planet, temperatures

can drop to -250 degrees F. On Mars, average surface temperature is -80 degrees F, and at night

temperature can drop to -170 degrees F.

Spacesuits are typically white because

they reflect light which reduces

temperatures. Spacesuits also have

many layers which insulates the

astronaut much like an insulated

thermal bottle. Since moving a bulky

spacesuit requires a lot of energy,

astronauts release a lot of heat and

sweat. To avoid fogging up the visor

and maintain healthy temperatures,

astronauts wear a long underwear

garment that has tubes sown into the

cloth. The tubes transport cold water.

Astronauts also wear gloves with mini

heaters.

Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment (NASA)

Space suit layers (NASA)


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FOOD/WATER/WASTE

Astronauts typically clock up to 6-7 hours doing extra-vehicular activity (EVA) such as exploring on theMoon or making repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). While doing this work, astronauts need to

stay energized, hydrate, and go to the bathroom.

Astronauts have a drink bag that is

attached inside the spacesuit. Much

like Camelbak bags, astronauts get

water by drawing from an extended

tube. When hungry, astronauts take

a bite from a food stick that is madeout of dried fruit and nuts. Many

astronauts eat before doing work in

space. To go to the bathroom

astronauts use a simple devicean

adult size diaper.

Food stick & drink valve (NASA)

Maximum Absorbent Garment (NASA)


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MOVEMENT

A spacesuit is inflated with air like a balloon. In addition, the spacesuit has 14 protective layers and includes

many accessories such as tools and communication equipment. These spacesuit features create a rigid and

bulky suit that makes it difficult for astronauts to move. Future exploration on Mars present mobility

challenges. Unlike outer space or the Moons surface, Mars has gravity (1/3 of Earths). This means

astronauts will experience a heavier spacesuit than working in outer space where the gravity is zero.

At key movement points such as the wrist or

shoulder there are joints. For example, hand

movement with gloves is enabled with a

bearing at the wrist for rotational movement,

a joint at the wrist for extension and flexion,

and fabric joints for thumb and finger

movement. There are accessories that alsoincrease spacesuit mobility. At one point,

astronauts used a jet-pack like system to fly

in outer space. Compressed oxygen

provided the force to move the astronaut. In

addition, astronauts have hand tools that

enable them to do repairs, collect samples,

and other space activities.

Space suit gloves (NASA)

Space suit arm (NASA)

Manned Maneuvering Unit (NASA)


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Spacesuit EvolutionUsing spacesuits, astronauts have jet packed above the earth and hit a golf ball on

the moon. Now many people are investing time and energy into creating a spacesuit

for exploring Mars. In this brief you can explore spacesuit concepts from the past,

resent and future.

When John F. Kennedy

announced the goal of getting to

the Moon, a flurry of ideas came

from inventors. Here are few

concepts.

Images: NASA


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1

2

3

4

5

Pioneers of high altitude flight

like Wiley Post tested the effects

of low pressure suits.

Engineering professor Dava Newman is working on th

Bio-Suit. The suit creates pressure using a new system

Cords wrap around the body to create mechanica

pressure much like having thousands of elastic

wrapped around the body. This cord system allows fo

greater mobility and reduces the weight of spacesuits

The cord-like design was inspired by giraffe biology.

The NASA Apollo spacesuit was

used in the first moon walk (July

1969). Astronauts like Neil

Armstrong could move freely on

the surface and perform basic

functions such as collect moon

rocks.

Russian astronaut Alex

Leonov was the first perso

to spacewalk (March, 1965

This suit inflated to crea

pressure and providethermal protection. To avo

floating into outer space, th

spacesuit was attached

the spaceship with a tether

The next generation NASA Z-1 suit is made

to function both in free space and on planet

surfaces. More mobility is provided in this

suit and a rear entry hatch allows for quick

suit-up times. Like previous suits, inflated

gas creates safe pressure conditions.

Images: 1, 2, 3, 4, by NASA; and 5 byDouglas So


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Space Tech BiomimicryFrom early fascination of bird flight to futuristic hedgehog robots, nature

has been and will be a source of inspiration in the aerospace industry.

SpaceshipOne is the first privately built

spaceship to fly into space in 2004. Early

inventors of flying technologies looked to birds

for inspiration. For example, the Wright

Brothers studied how pigeons flew during their

development of the first engine based plane.

NATURE

Velcro is used very often in space. Above is

a dinner tray with Velcro straps attached to

each item to keep them in place. The hook

and loops of Velcro were inspired by the

structure of Burr plants.


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Future Tech

Space inventors are

constantly pushing forward

with new ways to explore

the galaxies. In this effort,

biomimicry is playing a big

role. Some engineers are

looking at how geckos can

walk on walls so they can

create boots for climbing in outer space or low

gravity surfaces. In Stanford a group of

researchers are working on a hedgehog shaped

robot that can be dropped on Phobos, a moon of

Mars, and bounce around the surface while

collecting data.

A new development in spacesuit technology is the

BioSuit which is being developed at MIT. This suit

intends to maximize astronaut mobility and

provide a pressurized suit by using mechanicalpressure. The BioSuit is like a second skin with

many cords woven into the fabric. The cords

tighten around the body and create the pressure

needed to live.

Dava Newman got the idea for pressurized cords

when she was observing a giraffe. She wondered

how a giraffe was able to reach high up in trees

and quickly lower its head to the ground without

getting bad head rushes from all the blood moving

into its head. After investigating the biology of

giraffes she learned that the blood vessels in

giraffes constrict to slow down blood flow.

Images in order: food tray by NASA, SpaceShipOne by Renegadeaven, Gecko

by David Clements, BioSuit by Douglass Sonders, Giraffe by Steve Garvie.


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Plant AdaptationsPlants are found across the globe from harsh tundra climates to

jungle forests. Plants survive by adapting to their environments so

they can grow and reproduce.

Flowers are typically the reproductive part

for plants. Ovules and pollen combine to

make fruit.

Leaves convert sunlight into

energy and combine with water

and carbon dioxide to makefood.

Fruit cover seeds. The seeds a

plants.

Stems protect plants and

provide channels for

transporting water, food an

nutrients.

Roots gather water and

nutrients in the soil. They

store food and anchor the

plant to the ground.


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Food & Water adaptations

Chlorophyll found in leaves

allows plants to capture sunlight

and use this energy plus carbon

dioxide and water to make food.Phototropism is a term to describe

how plants react to light. In many

climates plants will bend towards

the light to get more energy.

Stomas are tiny pores fo

on plant leaves that allow g

to exchange in and out of

plant. Gases include carb

dioxide, oxygen and water v

The cuticle is a waxy surface

on leaves that keeps water

inside and repels some

parasites, dirt, and extra water.

Plants have a system ofveins

and channels to transport

food, water, and nutrients.

Roots gather n

and water from

Roots also part

fungus in the

collect more nu

eaf shape such as thin

edles limits water loss

due to transpiration.

ome leaves are really

ig so they can gather

more sunlight.

There are thousands of varieties of plants in the world. Each have adapted to their environment to

maximize food and water efficiency. Below are some adaptations.

ges courtesy of: phototropism by

nie Goddard; chlorophyll under

lic Domain; stomas under Public

main; leaf shape by Bloomsburg

versity; cuticle by PTC, veins by UC

is; and roots by Fine Gardening.


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Protection & Reproduction adaptations

.

The Lotus Effect describes how

some plants repel water off the leaf

to avoid water rot. Microscopic

bumps on the leaf prevent water

drops from sticking to the surface.

Some plants use the wind to send

seeds to new locations.

Sunlight is important for plants but

too much can be bad. Some plants

have a shiny surface that bounces

extra sunlight off the leaf.

Plants that live in wind

nvironments such as by the sea

hore or in the prairie are low lying

and bend in the wind.

Some seeds sprout based on

chemical triggers such asquantity of water or time of the

season. This allows new plants

to grow under the best

conditions.

Fruits attract animals

animals eat the fruits

seeds in them. When

animal moves to a n

location, it drops the se

its excrement. This al

plants to grow in ne

locations.

Bark protectsplants from

predators and

weather conditions.

In order to survive and create new offspring plants across the globe have adopted a variety of adaptations

ages courtesy of: lotus effect by William

elicke; wind dispersal under Public Domain; shiny

face by Free Images Collection ; bark under

blic Domain ; chemical triggers by Bonnie Plants;

nd in wind by Idioms Gallery; and fruits by BES.


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Activities

Mind MapIn this step we will produce mind maps toidentify important themes in the research.

Problems &Opportunities In this step we will identify problems and

opportunities of spacesuit form andfunction.

Research AnalysisExplore Unit

Goal

The goal of this step is to identify important themes as well as problems and

opportunities you see with spacesuit form and function.


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Mind Map

Important Themes in ResearchA mind map is a visual diagram that shows the connections between ideas. The way it works is

you put a topic in the center and put a circle around it. Then you draw lines coming off the

center topic that connect to smaller cicles. In these smaller circles you write down important

themes related to the topic. And then off these important themes you can add key ideas or

concepts. Mind maps are great for brainstorming and critical thinking about what you have

learned. Make as many mind maps as you want. The goal is to get as many ideas out as

possible. You can also add color and images to make it more visually appealing.

Central

Topic

Important

theme

Important

theme

Key

idea

Important

theme

Key

idea


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Problems & OpportunitiesAn important goal in doing research for a design project is identifying problems and

opportunities. Below are two ways to visually present a problem and opportunity in a design.Based on your research, identify some problems and opportunities about a spacesuit s form and

function.

Problem Find Tips: think about

problems associated to the

gliders shape, structure, weightand other physical features. In

addition, think about external

factors such thermals or the

pilot decisions.

Opportunity Finding Tips: you

can also think of opportunitiesin relation to the glider form and

function. In addition, think about

opportunities that are related to

bird form and function.


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Activities

Storybook

In this step you will create a storybook thatsummarizes your lessons learned during theExplore phase of the Spacesuit. This is the finalassignment of the Explore Unit.

Explore ReviewExplore Unit

Goal

The goal of this step is to review lessons learned during the Explore phase of the

Spacesuit Project.


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Explore

ReviewIn industry, a team developing a product

reviews their progress many times. The

purpose of these reviews is to identify what they

have learned, potential opportuniteis and

problems, as well as what needs to happen in

the future to be succesful.

Following this industry procedure, you are going to review your work in the Explorephase of the project. In particular, you will create a storybook about your spacesuit

research.

Storybook of a Glider

Cover Page andillustrations

Use collage cut outs or draw a cover, combine elements, or any otherartistic style to captuer the readers attention with the cover. Pages in thestorybook include visuals such as charts, photos, sketches, etc.

Product Overview In 2-3 sentences describe the purpose of the product (e.g. 5 Ws andHow). Detail the products form and function. Include a visual.

Product History Describe famous people, events and other historical highlights assoicatedto the product. Include a visual on the page.

Current Problems &Opportunities

Identify problems and opportunities associated to the product (e.g.technology, resources, politics, etc.) . Include a visual.

Connections toCreativity Challenge

Identify how your research has informed your thinking process regardingthe creativity challenge. Include a visual.

References Include a list of resources used (e.g. online, print, product, market, etc.)

PTC Creativity Lab Spacesuit Project Explore Guide

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