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Psychology IUnit III: Inner-Self

Compiled by: Mr. Mark DarketCompiled by: Mr. Mark Darket

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Unit III: Inner-SelfA. Body and Mind

1. Nervous System

2. The Brain

3. Sensation

4. Perception

5. Threshold, adaptation, constancy6. Depth perception

7. Attention

B. Personality

1. Motivation

2. Biological needs

3. Psychology needs4. Emotions

5. Theories of personality

6. Gender roles

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Unit III: Inner-SelfA. Body and Mind

1. The Nervous System

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Lesson Questions1. How are messages transmitted by neurons,

and what are the functions of the peripheral

nervous system?2. What are the major structures of the brain,

and what is the function of each structure?3. How do hormones secreted by the major

glands of the endocrine system affect thebody?

4. What is the role of chromosomes and genesin heredity, and how do psychologists studythe role of heredity in determining traits?

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Childish Video on the Nervous System

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The Nervous System} The human nervous system is involved in thinking,

dreaming, feeling, moving, and much more.}

Active or still} Sleeping or awake

} When we learn a new behavior or acquire newinformation, the nervous system registers theexperience and changes to accommodatestorage.

} The nervous system has two main parts1. The central nervous system the brain and spinal

cord2. Peripheral nervous system nerve cells

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The Nervous System

malct32.blogspot.com

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Neurons

}Neurons are nerve cells which run throughour entire body and communicate with

each other.

} The neurons send and receive messagesfrom other structures in the body, such asmuscles and glands

} Each of us has over 100 billion neurons.

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The Anatomy ofTwo Neurons

Messages enter neuronsthrough the dendrites. Thesemessages are transmitted alongthe trunk-like axon to otherneurons, glands, and muscles. Onmany neurons, the myelin sheathprotects the axon.1. Cell body produces energy

that fuels the cell2. Dendrites branchlike fibers

that receive information fromother neurons and pass themessage through the cellbody

3. Axon transmits impulsesaway from the neuron cellbody

4. Myelin sheath fattysubstance protecting theaxon

5. Axon terminals small fibersat the end of the axon totransmit messages

mybrainnotes.com

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The Communication Process

} Messages are sentfrom the axon terminalsof one neuron to thedendrites of otherneurons.

} In order for a messageto be sent from oneneuron to anotherneuron, it must crossthe synapse

} The synapse is a

junction between theaxon terminals of oneneuron and thedendrites of anotherneuron

etbscreenwriting.com

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The Synapse

There is no physical connectionbetween neurons. A neuron

relays its message across a

junction called a synapse by

releasing chemicals called

neurotransmitters. They arereceived by the next neuron

scienceblogs.com

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Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters arechemicals that are stored in

sacs in the axon terminals

They fire like droplets of

water shooting out of a

spray bottle

There are several kinds ofneurotransmitters each withits own structure and fit to

the next neuron.

Acetylcholine is involved in

the control of muscles

Dopamine is essential formotor behavior

Too much = Schizophrenia

Too little = Parkinsons Disease

integrativepsychiatry.net

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Neurotransmitters

amoryn.com

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Central Nervous System

} The brain and the spinal cord are thecomponents of the central nervous

system.} The spinal cord extends from the brain

down the back. It is a column of nervesabout as thick as thumb.

}

It transmits messages between the brainand the muscles and the glandsthroughout the body.

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The Peripheral Nervous System

} This system spreads the messages from thecentral nervous system throughout the

rest of the body.

} The two main divisions of the peripheralnervous system are:

} Somatic nervous system

} Autonomic nervous system

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Divisions of the PeripheralNervous System

Somatic Nervous System

} Transmits sensory memoryto the central nervoussystem.

} It is activated by touch,pain, changes intemperature, and changesin body position.

} It enables us to feel thedifferences between hotand cold and to feel painand pressure.

Autonomic Nervous System

} Autonomic = involuntary} This system regulates

heartbeat, breathing,digestion, and bloodpressure

} Sympathetic nervoussystem is activated whenthe body goes into action.

} The parasympatheticnervous system restores thebodys energy reservesafter action has takenplace.

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Unit III: Inner-selfA. Body and Mind

2. The Brain

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Forebrain

(Cerebrum)

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Spinal cord Hindbrain

(Cerebellum)

Corpus

Callosum

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Parts of the Brain

} The human brain is composed of manyparts that work together to organize our

movements, thoughts, emotions, andbehaviors.

} Psychologists generally divide the parts ofthe brain in the following way

} Hindbrain vitals and balance

} Midbrain vision and hearing

} Forebrain complex thought and emotion

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The Hindbrain

web.lemoyne.edu

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The Forebrain

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The Midbrain