PsychologistsWeek 4

Wilhem Wundt

Structuralism

Remember him, you should.

William James

1842-1910 New York

Wrote Principle of Psychology (published in 1890)

Functionalist

Promoted the idea that the mind and consciousness itself would not exist if it didn’t serve a practical and adaptive purpose.

Sir Francis Galton

Sir Francis Galton

1822-1911

England

Supposedly related to Charles Darwin (evolution guy)

Traveled around the world and created maps, received an award Royal Geographical Society

After 1859, studied identical twins and worked on first intelligence test

Created phrase “nature and nurture”

Studied inheritable traits and eugenics (a science that deals with the improvement of hereditary qualities)

Max Wertheimer

1880-1943

Prague

Gestalt method

Was studying “feebleminded” children and music Found that a melody cannot be understood merely in terms of its individual notes; but he went beyond this formulation. He demonstrated, among other things, that the recognition of an altered melody does not depend on the number of notes changed but on the notes’ positions in the melody’s structure.

Kurt Koffka

1886-1941

Berlin

Did experiments on perception

Wanted to stress an holistic approach psychological phenomena cannot be interpreted as combinations of elements: parts derive their meaning from the whole, and people perceive complex entities rather than their elements.

Gestalt method

Wrote a book on “Growth of the Mind: An introduction to Child Psychology”

Mary Whiton Calkins

1863-1930

Connecticut

First women to become a Psychologist

Mary Whiton Calkins

Took classes at Harvard, but wasn’t allowed to actually attend

Did research on dreams

Invented the paired association technique

Created self-psychologyExplains that the self is an active agent acting consciously and purposefully

Freud

Freud

Wait, its funny, she thinks she is a dog!!!!!!

Sigmund Freud

1856-1939

Austrian neurologist

Known as the father of psychoanalysis

http://www.biography.com/people/sigmund-freud-9302400?page=1

Sigmund Freud

In 1900, published The Interpretation of Dreams Based on his analysis of “neurotic and hysterical” patients

Theorized that forgetfulness or slips of the tongue were not accidental, but it was the “dynamic unconscious”

Looked at personality as being part of the Id, Ego, and Superego

Developed the “talking cure”

Psychoanalytic Psychologist

Ivan Pavlov

1849-1936

Russia

Between 1891 and 1900, did a lot of research on the physiology of digestion

Studied dogs and their digestive system, rang a bell and gave meat, eventually the dogs drooled by just hearing the bell

This led to the conditioned reflexes

B.F. Skinner

1904- 1990

Pennsylvania

Behaviorist

Operant conditioning

Found that behaviors are dependent on what happens after the response

Abraham Maslow

1908-1970

Brooklyn New York

Humanist

(Was classified by psychologists as mentally unstable when he was a kid)

Albert Bandura

Born in Canada in 1925

A survey in 2002 said he ranking in the top 5 most cited psychologists.

Some would say he is a behaviorist, he would say that he was a “social cognitivist”

Looked at modeling and imitation

Talks a lot of about self-efficacy

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Jean Piaget

1896-1980

France

Cognitivist

Observational studies on children

Children are born with basic mental structure

http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html

Carl Rogers

1902-1987

Oak Park, IL

Humanist

Creator of client-centered counseling and student-centered education

Took Maslow’s ideas furtherOpen-ness and self discloser, acceptance, seen with positive regard, and empathy

"As no one else can know how we perceive, we are the best experts on ourselves."

Roger Sperry

1913- 1994

Connecticut

Psychobiologist

1960’s did extensive experiments on a patient with epilepsy

They cut his corpus collosum

Found that people are of two minds: the right brain and the left brain

Leonard Doob

1909-2000

New York

Sociopyschologist

Self described as a liberal social psychologist.

Focused on propaganda during WWII and public opinion

Spent time on conflict resolution in Africa

Time Reports Reading

Jean Piaget Sigmund Freud