PROTISTS AND FUNGI. KINGDOM PROTISTA Kingdom Protista Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei). Live in moist...
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Transcript of PROTISTS AND FUNGI. KINGDOM PROTISTA Kingdom Protista Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei). Live in moist...
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PROTISTS AND FUNGI
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KINGDOM PROTISTA
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Kingdom Protista
• Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei).
• Live in moist surroundings.
• Unicellular or multicellular.
• Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both.
• Some can move - others cannot.
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Often referred to as the “junk drawer” kingdom
• Animal-like •Fungus-like
•Plant-like
Broken into 3 categories:
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Animal-like Protists (Protozoans)
*Unicellular *Heterotrophs
*Groups based on movement: flagella, cilia, pseudopods and the
‘others’.
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Protozoans with pseudopods
• Pseudopods = ‘false feet’ • Cell membrane pushes in one
direction & the cytoplasm flows into the bulge. This allows the protozoan to move,
dragging the rest of the cell behind it.
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Pseudopods, cont.EXAMPLE OF HOW PSEUDOPODS MOVE
PUSH
FLOW
DRAG
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It can form 2 pseudopods to surround & trap food. Then form a food vacuole to break down food in the cytoplasm.
Pseudopods, cont.
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• Contractile vacuole - it collects extra H2O & expels it from cell
• Thin cell membrane -• no definite shape. • Example of a pseudopod -
Amoeba.
Pseudopods, cont.
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Protozoans with cilia
• Cilia (hairlike structures) help organisms move, get food and sense their environment.
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Cilia, cont.• Food vacuole breaks down food and
sends through cell.
• Anal pore sends out waste.
• Example - paramecium.
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ORAL GROOVE
CILIA
CONTRACTILE
VACUOLE
FOOD
VACUOLE
FOOD
VACUOLE ANAL PORE
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Protozoans with flagella• Organisms called zooflagellates
• Use flagella to move.
• Usually live inside other organisms.
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Other Protozoans• Called sporozoans - parasites
• Feed on cells & body fluids of hosts
Sporozoans like Plasmodium (causes malaria) have more than 1 host: mosquitoes and then humans
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Funguslike Protists
• Like animals - they are heterotrophs
• Like plants - they have cell walls
• Reproduce by spores (tiny cells that can grow into a new organism)
• Not in fungi kingdom because they can move at one point in their lives.
• An example is slime mold.
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Plantlike Protists• Better known as algae
• Autotrophs
• Size: unicellular to very large
• Contain different pigments so they come in different colors.
• Euglena: special type of algae -when there is no sunlight they become heterotrophic.
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Examples of Protists
Autotrophs• green algae
brown algaered algaediatomsdinoflagellateseuglenoids
Heterotrophs• amoeboids
ciliateszooflagellatessporozoansplasmodial slime moldscellular slime moldswater molds
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KINGDOM FUNGI
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Roles of Fungi
• Environmental decomposers
• Provide food
• Cause diseases
• Fight diseases
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Fungi Kingdom• Eukarayotes.• Heterotrophs• Use spores to reproduce.• Cell walls made of chitin• Non-motile• Need warm, moist places to grow.• Saprobes – live on dead organisms
• Examples: yeast, molds and mushrooms.
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Fungi -Obtaining food• use a structure called hyphae to get
their food.
• Except for yeast which are unicellular.
• Hyphae: threadlike tubes. Shape of fungi depends on how hyphae used.
AND...
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•Grows hyphae into food •Hyphae secrete digestive chemicals into food •Hyphae absorb nutrients
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Reproduction in Fungi
• produce spores with a protective covering: carried by water and air.
• spores land in a warm, moist place they grow.
AND...
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When very moist, fungi reproduce asexually by releasing the spores.When conditions are poor, they reproduce sexually, making new spores that are different from both parents.
Reproduction in Fungi, cont.
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• Since yeast is unicellular, they reproduce by budding. A well fed cell grows from the body of the mother cell and breaks off from the mother.
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Four classifications of Fungi
• Threadlike - produce spores in their threadlike hyphae (ex. Bread mold)
• Sac - produce spores in structures that look like sacs (ex. Yeast, lichen)
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Club - produce spores in structures that look like clubs (ex. Mushrooms)
Imperfect - those that cannot reproduce sexually, cause the most fungal diseases (ex. Penicillin, ringworm, athletes’ foot)
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Ticket Out
• Draw a venn diagram comparing and contrasting protists to fungi.
• You need to have at least 3 points in each category.