Protein Synthesis
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Transcript of Protein Synthesis
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Protein Synthesis
Yes, it is still chapter 3!
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It is the DNA in the nucleus that stores instructions for protein synthesis and this DNA is contained in chromosomes.
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Human body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Each chromosome contains DNA strands wrapped around special proteins called histones.
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GeneThe functional unit of
heredity.Consists of all the triplets (3
bases that specify an amino acid) needed to produce a specific protein.
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Protein SynthesisDivided into transcription and
translation.Transcription is the production
of RNA from a single strand of DNA.
Translation is the assembling of a protein by ribosomes, using information carried by RNA molecule.
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Transcription
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TranscriptionTakes place inside of the nucleus.A codon is 3 bases on the new RNA
strand. DNA RNA
G CC GA UT A
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Step 1Begins when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of a gene.
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Step 2Enzymes promote the synthesis of a mRNA strand using nucleotides complementary to those in the gene.
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Step 3Continues until DNA stop signal is reached. The enzyme and mRNA detach and the complementary DNA strand reattaches.
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TranslationOccurs in the ribosomes.Process of assembling
proteins from information carried by the mRNA molecule.
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Step 1 Begins at the “start” codon of the
mRNA. Ribosome binds to the mRNA molecule
near the codon at the beginning of the messenger strand.
Joined by the first tRNA which carries the amino acid methionine (UAC).
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Step 2Small and large ribosomal
subunits interlock around mRNA strand.
Second tRNA arrives at the next binding site of the ribosome.
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Step 3Anticodon of second tRNA binds
to the next mRNA codon.
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Step 4First amino acid is detached
from tRNA and joined to the next amino acid by a peptide bond.
First tRNA detaches as next arrives and attaches to mRNA.
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Step 5Amino acid chain continues to
elongate until the stop codon is reached.
Components separate.As the chain of amino acids
develops, it folds into the unique shape of a functional protein molecule.
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DNA mRNA –codon tRNA-anticodon
Amino acid
AAA
TAT
CCT
GGT
AGA
ATT
ATG
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Anticodon Amino acid
AAA Lysine
AAU Asparagine
ACU Threonine
AGA Arginine
AUG Methionine
AUU Isoluecine
CAA Glutamine
CAU Histidine
CCU Proline
GAA Glutamic acid
GAU Aspartic acid
GCU Alanine
GGU Glycine
GUU Valine
UAA Stop codon
UAU Tyrosine
UCU Serine
UGG Tryptophane
UGU Cysteine
UUA Leucine
UUU Phenylalanine
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1. Summarize in your own words the process of transcription.
2. Summarize in your own words the process of translation.
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1. What is the function of DNA?2. Suppose that a DNA segment has
the following nucleotide sequence: CTC ATA CGA TTC AAG TTA. What is the nucleotide sequence that would be found in a complementary mRNA strand?
3. Summarize in your own words the process of transcription.