Protein Synthesis
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Transcript of Protein Synthesis
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Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
““From code into Flesh From code into Flesh && BloodBlood””
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Why RNA Synthesis is Why RNA Synthesis is “easier”“easier”
Whole DNA molecule not unwound:Whole DNA molecule not unwound:
no single-stranded binding proteinsno single-stranded binding proteins
no topoisomeraseno topoisomerase RNA polymerse, not DNA RNA polymerse, not DNA
polymerasepolymerase
no primer neededno primer needed
still 5’still 5’ 3’ (but no lagging strand, 3’ (but no lagging strand, no Okazaki fragments)no Okazaki fragments)
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Protein Synthesis: Prok Protein Synthesis: Prok vs. Euk vs. Euk
LocationLocation mRNA processingmRNA processing
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Fig. 17-3a-1Fig. 17-3a-1
TRANSCRIPTIONDNA
mRNA
(a) Bacterial cell
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Fig. 17-3a-2Fig. 17-3a-2
(a) Bacterial cell
TRANSCRIPTIONDNA
mRNA
TRANSLATIONRibosome
Polypeptide
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Fig. 17-3b-1Fig. 17-3b-1
(b) Eukaryotic cell
TRANSCRIPTION
Nuclearenvelope
DNA
Pre-mRNA
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Fig. 17-3b-2Fig. 17-3b-2
(b) Eukaryotic cell
TRANSCRIPTION
Nuclearenvelope
DNA
Pre-mRNARNA PROCESSING
mRNA
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Fig. 17-3b-3Fig. 17-3b-3
(b) Eukaryotic cell
TRANSCRIPTION
Nuclearenvelope
DNA
Pre-mRNARNA PROCESSING
mRNA
TRANSLATION Ribosome
Polypeptide
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mRNA “processing”mRNA “processing”
1)1) ““Head” end – “5’ cap” = modified Head” end – “5’ cap” = modified guanineguanine
2)2) ““Tail” end – 3’ “poly-A’ tailTail” end – 3’ “poly-A’ tail
3)3) ““splicing” of message!?!splicing” of message!?! Cut out “introns”Cut out “introns” ““exons” are expressedexons” are expressed
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Eukaryotic cells modify RNA Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcriptionafter transcription
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Three Types of RNAThree Types of RNA
mRNAmRNA tRNAtRNA rRNArRNA
All single strandedAll single stranded All transcribed from DNA “genes”All transcribed from DNA “genes” Only mRNA translated into proteinOnly mRNA translated into protein
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Fig. 17-14aFig. 17-14a
Amino acidattachment site
(a) Two-dimensional structure
Hydrogenbonds
Anticodon
3
5
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Fig. 17-14bFig. 17-14b
Amino acidattachment site
3
3
5
5
Hydrogenbonds
Anticodon Anticodon
(b) Three-dimensional structure(c) Symbol used in this book