Protecting DoD Maritime Mobility — The UN and the IMO
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Transcript of Protecting DoD Maritime Mobility — The UN and the IMO
Protecting DoD Maritime Mobility —Protecting DoD Maritime Mobility —The UN and the IMOThe UN and the IMO
CDR John Kauffman, JAGC, USNCDR John Kauffman, JAGC, USNHead, Law of the Sea Department, Office of the Navy JAG Head, Law of the Sea Department, Office of the Navy JAG
International & Operational Law DivisionInternational & Operational Law Division
CDR James Kraska, JAGC, USN, CDR James Kraska, JAGC, USN, Oceans & Maritime Policy, Oceans & Maritime Policy,
Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5), The Joint StaffStrategic Plans and Policy (J-5), The Joint Staff
Maritime MobilityMaritime Mobility
PDD 32 “Freedom of Navigation” PDD 32 “Freedom of Navigation”
DoDI C-2005.1 “Freedom of Navigation” DoDI C-2005.1 “Freedom of Navigation” ProgramProgram
CJCSI 2420.10B, “United States Freedom CJCSI 2420.10B, “United States Freedom of Navigation Program”of Navigation Program”
UNCLOSUNCLOS
BaselinesBaselines
Territorial SeaTerritorial Sea
Exclusive Economic Exclusive Economic
ZoneZone
High SeasHigh Seas
Straits Used for International NavigationStraits Used for International Navigation
UNCLOS - EEZsUNCLOS - EEZs
United NationsUnited NationsForumsForums– UNICPOLOS and UNGAUNICPOLOS and UNGA
IssuesIssues– MPAs in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction MPAs in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
(ABNJ) – Network of High Seas MPAs(ABNJ) – Network of High Seas MPAs– Eco-system Approach to Management (EAM)Eco-system Approach to Management (EAM)– Precautionary ApproachPrecautionary Approach
1992 Rio Declaration1992 Rio Declaration
Marine Protected Areas Marine Protected Areas
Designation processDesignation process– New implementing Agreement?New implementing Agreement?
Definition(s)Definition(s)
Protective measuresProtective measures– Clearly delineated impactClearly delineated impact– Strong causal linkStrong causal link– Consistent with UNCLOSConsistent with UNCLOS
Undefined or competing definitionsUndefined or competing definitions– Does “ecosystem” include humans?Does “ecosystem” include humans?
Ignores Juridical Boundaries Ignores Juridical Boundaries
Application of the Precautionary Application of the Precautionary ApproachApproach
Ecosystem Approach to Ecosystem Approach to ManagementManagement
International Maritime OrganizationInternational Maritime Organization
ForumsForums– MEPCMEPC– MSCMSC
IssuesIssues– PSSAsPSSAs
Torres StraitTorres Strait
Baltic SeaBaltic Sea
Particularly Sensitive Sea Particularly Sensitive Sea AreasAreas
PSSA GuidelinesPSSA Guidelines
Straits Used for International Straits Used for International NavigationNavigation– Torres Strait PSSATorres Strait PSSA
High Seas and the EEZHigh Seas and the EEZ– Baltic Seas PSSABaltic Seas PSSA
Australia proposed Australia proposed compulsory pilotage compulsory pilotage in the Torres Straitin the Torres StraitIMO approved a IMO approved a “recommendatory” “recommendatory” pilotagepilotageMandatory pilotage Mandatory pilotage as a condition of as a condition of port entryport entry
Torres Strait PSSATorres Strait PSSA
Baltic Sea PSSABaltic Sea PSSA
EU-supported proposal EU-supported proposal
Russia opposed – Russia opposed – overlap TS overlap TS
Northwestern Hawaiian IslandsNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands
USG actions – impact as precedent USG actions – impact as precedent
Questions?Questions?