MARLAW IMO

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International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of

Ships

Adoption: 23 June 1969; Entry into force: 18 July 1982

The Convention, adopted by IMO in 1969, was the frst successulattempt to introduce a universal tonnae measurement system!

"reviously, various systems were used to calculate the tonnae o

merchant ships! #lthouh all went bac$ to the method devised by%eore Moorsom o the &ritish &oard o Trade in 1'(), there were

considerable di*erences between them and it was reconi+ed thatthere was a reat need or one sinle international system!

The Convention provides or ross and net tonnaes, both o which arecalculated independently!

The rules apply to all ships built on or ater 1' uly 19'- . the date oentry into orce . while ships built beore that date were allowed toretain their e/istin tonnae or 1- years ater entry into orce, or until1' uly 199)!

This phase.in period was intended to ensure that ships were iven

reasonable economic saeuards, since port and other dues arechared accordin to ship tonnae! #t the same time, and as ar as

possible, the Convention was drated to ensure that ross and net

tonnaes calculated under the new system did not di*er too reatlyrom those calculated under previous methods!


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List of Abbreviations

ACP : The Panama Canal AuthorityAMSA

: Australian Maritime Safety Authority

Cb : Block Coefficient

CL!"#$%& : Convention on the International !egulations for preventing collisions

at Sea'()%&*

"SCAP : +nite, -ations "conomic an, Social Commission for Asia an, the

Pacific

"C : "uropean Commission

"+ : "uropean +nion

.A : .oo, an, Agricultural rganisation

#!T : #ross !egister Tonnage' in tons

#T : #ross Tonnage' as per ITC$/)

IAP0 : International Association of Ports an, 0arbours

IC.T+ : International Confe,eration of .ree Tra,e +nions

IL : International Labor rgani1ation

IMC : Inter$#overnmental Maritime Consultative rgani1ation

IM : International Maritime rgani1ation

ITC$/) : International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships'()/)

LL$// : International Convention on Loa, Lines' ()//

L!S : Lloy,s !egister of Shipping

"C2 : rganisation for "conomic Co$operation an, 2evelopment

+-CLS : +nite, nations convention on the La3 of the Sea' ()4&

M!" : Maritime !eal "state

MSC : Maritime Safety Committee

-IS : -or3egian International Ship !egister

-!T : -et !egister Tonnage' in tons

-T : -et Tonnage' as per ITC$/)

"C2 : rgani1ation for "conomic Co$operation an, 2evelopment

S5 : ffshore Supply 5essels

PC$-T : Panama Canal -et Tonnage

PC$+MS : Panama Canal +niversal Measurement System

P!C : Policy !esearch Corporation
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PSC : Port State Control

SBT : Segregate, Ballast TankerSC$-T : Sue1 Canal -et Tonnage

SL. : Sub$committee on Stability an, Loa,lines an, on .ishing 5essels

Safety 6IM7

SLAS$/8 : International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea'()/8

SLAS$%9 : International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea'()%9

STC : International Convention on Stan,ar,s of Training' Certification an,

atchkeeping for Seafarers' ()%4' as amen,e,

T"+ : T3enty$foot ";uivalent +nit

TT < Toll Tonnage

+= : +nite, =ing,om

+- : +nite, -ations

+-CTA2 : +nite, -ations Conference on Tra,e an, 2evelopment*

+S : +nite, States of America


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!ecor,s of measurement of a ship>s si1e can be trace, back to the (?th

century* Accor,ing to .rench 6()%?7' @shipping tonnage was a useful indicator

of a countrys commercial (and military) strength especially during a century

when countries concentrated so much of their energy in extending their

commercial empires* It 3as also use, for imposing taes on ships' in,icating

physical carrying capacity of ships an, comparison of tra,e an, movement of

goo,s*

The tonnage measurement metho,s in the ()th

an, &8th

centuries 3ere

mostly base, on @Moorsom>s System>(' though the national rules varie, 3i,ely

across the 3orl,* In early &8th

century' it 3as recognise, that there is a great

nee, for a single international system* It 3as one of the priorities 3hen IMC6no3 IM7 first met in ())*

The current international stan,ar, for tonnage measurement' is the

@International Convention on Tonnage measurement of Ships' ()/)> 6ITC$/)7'

a,opte, on &?r,

une ()/)* It entere, into force on (4th

uly' ()4& an, 3as

progressively implemente, to cover all merchant ships 3ithin the net (&

years*

ITC$/) 3as primarily aime, to establish an internationally acceptable

system for measuring a ship>s si1e* It 3as ,rafte, in such a 3ay that the gross

an, net tonnages' calculate, through a relatively easier metho,' ,i, not ,iffer

greatly from those calculate, un,er previous metho,s* It resulte, in a

transition from tra,itionally use, terms #ross !egister Tons 6#!T7 an, -et

!egister Tons 6-!T7 to #ross tonnage 6#T7 an, -et tonnage 6-T7*

.rom the me,ieval times' the ship$,esigners' shipbuil,ers an, ship$

o3ners ma,e every effort to get the lo3est possible tonnages for a given

,ea,3eight' even by compromising the safety or cre3 3elfare aspects* This

continue, even un,er ITC$/)*

After ITC$/) 3as a,opte, 98 years ago' substantial ,evelopments have

taken place in the si1es an, types of ships* Though the tonnage of every type

of ship can be ascertaine, un,er ITC$/)' it 3as reporte, that the regulations

in ITC$/) are not consistent 3ith the subse;uent ,evelopments in ,esign an,

operational aspects of ships' lea,ing to commercial ,isa,vantages for certain

ne3 type of ships*


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years to make necessary changes an, up,ate the provisions of ITC$/) to

a,,ress ,eficient areas* The problems highlighte, 3ere mainly relate, to

safety issues connecte, 3ith imaginative an, fleible interpretation by

,esignersDo3ners to re,uce tonnage' penali1ation for safety measures suchas higher freeboar,' specific commercial ,isa,vantage to some types of ships'

an, various threshol,s for applicability of IM conventions*

Although it 3as inten,e, at the time of a,option of the ITC$/) that the

regulations shoul, not influence the shape an, layout of ships' eperience

sho3s that this has not necessarily been achieve, an, that the tren,s have

been against improvement of safety stan,ar,s* The ITC$/) has not been

amen,e, since its a,option in ()/)' though IM has a,opte, resolutions an,

circulars as interim measures* The nee, for early amen,ments an, up,ating

of ITC$/)' to remain as a uniform metho, to ,etermine the ship>s si1e' as

inten,e, originally' has become increasingly evi,ent ,uring the last fe3 years*

Base, on the submissions from member countries to IM' a 3ork

programme 3as approve, by the 4(st

Session of Maritime Safety Committee

on the @,evelopment of options to improve effect on ship ,esign an, safety of

the ITC$/)>* At present' various proposals are un,er consi,eration by the

@Tonnage Correspon,ence #roup> re$establishe, at the &n,

session of SL.Sub$committee an, targete, for completion by &8(( 6IM'&884a< IM'&884b7*


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Accor,ing to Moorsom 6(4a7' the purpose of the term @tonnage>' as

originally applie, to vessels' is not une;uivocally set forth in ,ocuments* It is not

clearly ,istinguishe, 3hether @tonnage> referre, to the @3eight carrying capacity> or

@volume capacity> or @cargo space>* The 3or, has meanings&

so ,ifferent bet3een

them that the tonnage of a vessel measure, in one kin, of @ton> significantly ,iffers

from the tonnage measure, in a ,ifferent kin, of @ton> 6Lane'()/97*

It is necessary to un,erstan, an, ,ifferentiate bet3een the follo3ing

terms use, to epress the relative magnitu,e of ships for various purposes' both

past an, present?*

6i7* .reight tonnage* #eorge Moorsom9

calle, the freight tonnage the

Emeasurement cargo at 40 ft to a ton which a ship can carryE6Lane'()/97*

.reight tonnage is ,epen,ant on the cargo volume' not the 3eight

6tonneau daffretement, tonnellata di nolo). .or easy comparison' it can be

consi,ere, analogous to current cubic capacity terms such as bale capacity or
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2isplacement tonnage

2isplacement tonnage is the 3eight of sea3ater ,isplace, by a vessel at

a particular ,raft* T3o kin,s of ,isplacement tonnage 3ere in use' @light,isplacement tonnage> 6deplacement lege, dislocamento leggiero) an,

@,isplacement tonnage loa,e,> 6deplacement en charge, dislocamento a pieno

carico)* The ,isplacement tonnage 3as use, mainly for construction estimates

of battle ships' an, apparently not use, before the ()th

century

6Lane'()/9 an, the @,isplacement

tonnage loa,e,> is calle, @,ea,3eight tonnage>' i*e*' the 3eight of a,,itional

3ater ,isplace, ,ue to cargo 3eight* In ol,er ,ays' the 3eight of cargo 3as

,etermine, by 3eighing an, counting the loa,e, units in,ivi,ually* .or or,inary

3oo,en vessels' ,ea,3eight tonnage 3as about 8G of its ,isplacement

tonnage loa,e,> 6Lane'()/9 or @Bur,en> 3as also use, to in,icate the cargo capacity

6=eene'()%47* Accor,ing to 2avis 6()/&7' the term @tons bur,en> 3as use, in

the (4th

century to ,enote @the number of tons which would lade an empty ship

down to her minimum safe freeboard or loadline*

Measure, tonnage 6or >l, registere, tonnage>7

In me,ieval times' ships 3ere @rated for a particular voyage* The

@rating ,epen,e, on the cargo capacity' ship>s age' length an, circumstances

of inten,e, voyage 6i.e., expected weather conditions and operating sea-

area7' space allotte, for stores an, arms 6piracy was prealent those days7'

an, in a,,ition' on the Hu,gement of ship3rights' masters an, officials base,

on the above factors* 0ence' there 3as plenty of room for arguments an,

negotiations bet3een ship$o3ners' charterers an, ta authorities' an, a ship

coul, have entirely ,ifferent @rating for ,ifferent voyages or ,ifferent purposes

or by ,ifferent persons*

This practice create, confusion an, ,ifficulties' since the ship ha, to be

@rate,> each time it saile, #ra,ually official estimate of the ship>s @rating> 3as


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,etermine, from the principal ,imensions

6.rench'()%?*

In .rench an, Italian terminology' they 3ere terme, ton @de !auge" or "dista##a"* The @measure, tonnage> is also terme, @old registered tonnage>' after

the intro,uction of @registere, tonnage> in (%4//6.rench'()%?s registration ,ocuments is calle, @registere, tonnage>* The @registere,

tonnage> 3as roughly t3o$thir, of the @measure, tonnage>' roun,e, ,o3n to

the nearest 3hole number 6McCusker'()//7*

In (%4/' the la3 re;uire, all vessels to in,icate the @measure, tonnage>

,uring registration* Thereafter the @measure, tonnage> is same as the

@registere, tonnage> 6.rench'()%?7*

#ross register tonnage6#!T7

The @registere, tonnage> 3as inten,e, as an in,icator of total @3eight> of

a ship 6Moorsom'(4a7* The 3eight of cargo 3as assume, to be 8G of the

@registere, tonnage>* As the carriage of lighter cargoes such as cotton became

more fre;uent' more space 3as nee,e, for sto3age* Spaces other than cargo

space 3ere also utilise, for cargo' an, ships 3ith higher volume ha, higher

earning potential* .urther' the formula$base, metho, for @registere, tonnage>

le, to the construction of ill$forme, vessels 3ith lo3 tonnage' an, the@registere, tonnage> ,i, not realistically represent the actual @3eight> of the

ship*

2ue to these reasons' a ne3 term @#ross register tonnage 6#!T7> 3as

intro,uce, in the (49 British Act%* #!T is ,etermine, from the total volume

of enclose, spaces* "ach (88 ft?

6or &*4? m?7 is counte, as one ton' an, #!T

is obtaine, by ,ivi,ing the total enclose, volume in ft?

by (88 6or by &*4? if in

m?7* The #!T coul, have ,ecimal values 6Lane'()/9


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capacity* Some part of the cargo space 3as allocate, for propulsion machinery

in steamships 60ughesF!eiter'()47* The tra,itional ,esire to relate tonnage

to income yiel,ing cargo capacity' le, to the ,evelopment of another

registere, tonnage' calle, the @net register tonnage> 6-!T7*

-et register tonnage6-!T7@-et register tonnage> 3as inten,e, to represent the earning capacity* It is

obtaine, by ,e,ucting the volume of spaces not available for cargo 6such as

space for propulsion machinery an, cre3s ;uarters7' from the volume for

#!T' an, ,ivi,ing the resultant volume in ft?

by (88 6or by &*4? if in m?7* The

-!T also coul, have ,ecimal value 6Lane'()/9s System' they ,iffer in some

aspects such as ,e,uctions an, eemptions* The (4%? rules are still follo3e,

for SC$-T 6Abu$el$hassan'()%9s System an, Sue1

Canal rules' 3ere ,evelope, for PC$-T in ()(?* The principles of ITC$/)

3ere incorporate, into the rules in ())9' an, no3 it is calle, @Panama Canal

+niversal Measurement System> net tonnage' PCD+MS$-T 6BarnettF!uben'

&88


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-et Tonnage 6-T7

-et tonnage is ,etermine, accor,ing to !egulation$9 of ITC$/)* It is

,epen,ent on the total volume of cargo spaces' number of passengers' ,epth'

,raft' an, the #T of the vessel* It is also calculate, by a formula an, the finalfigure is roun,e, ,o3n 3ithout ,ecimals to get -T 6IM'()4?a


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carrying capacity is the gross tonnage 60ughesF!eiter'()47*

Tonnage figures are use, for comparison of national fleets' framing of

policies on tra,e an, shipping' granting of subsi,ies' comparison of

shipbuil,ingDscrapping' regulatory applications' basis for manning' charging,ues from ships' registration an, survey charges' insurance premiums an,

limitation of liability in cases of pollution 6"SCAP'())(*

In the (?th

century' 3ine 3as the maHor cargo an, ships 3ere levie,

accor,ing to the 'tuns'4

63ine$casks7 they coul, carry* Subse;uently this criterion

became the norm by 3hich all ships 3ere levie,' an, 3as calle, @ tunnage' 3hich

later on became @tonnage 6=en,all'()94

evolution of ,ifferent measurement metho,s*

The @tunnage> of a vessel 3as base, on the maimum number of

@amphores 6or tuns7 it coul, carry' an, the freight rates an, ,ues for a ship 3ere

base, on its @tunnage>* These earthen Hars 3ere heavy an, increase, the 3eight of

cargo 63ine7 to be transporte, by about /G' thereby submerging the vessel to

permissible ,rafts even 3ithout filling up the available cargo space* In a,,ition' there

3as unutili1e, space ,ue to the ship>s hull form an, peculiar shape of amphores* To

account for the loss of revenue from such empty spaces' the @occupie, space> for an

amphore 3as calculate, an, relate, to its actual 3eight*

The intro,uction of 3oo,en casks significantly re,uce, the 3eight of the

containers from /G to about 4G* This establishe, a ne3 average relationship

bet3een cargo63ine7 3eight an, cargo space on ships* The same ship coul, carry

more 3oo,en casks' resulting in a higher @tunnage>* A 3ine$cask measure, about

98ft?' but @occupie,> about /8 ft

?,ue to its shape* 0o3ever' only 98ft

?6instea, of /87

3as allotte, by ship$o3ners for payment of one @tun>' to earn more revenue* .urther'

98 ft?Dton 3as the average sto3age factor of prominent cargoes This measure of 98


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ft?

is terme, as a @freight ton>* Subse;uently 98 ft?Dton 3as a,opte, as the volume$

3eight ratio for all cargoes other than 3ine 62avis'()/


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an, assuming ,epth as BD&* Accor,ing to Salisbury6())7' the ,ivisor(?

@)9> 3as

obtaine, by eperiment to get the @burthen> 6or @cargo 3eight>7 an, later use, for

statutory purposes* 2uring most part of the (4th

century' tonnage 3as calculate,

using this metho, 6.rench'()%? 6Moorsom'(4a'p*(%)7* The report

therefore recommen,e, a simpler metho, consisting of only a fe3 internal(/


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A secon, commission' appointe, in (4??' recommen,e, that the

@internal capacity> of a vessel 3as the fairest stan,ar, of measurement* The rules

constructe, on the above principles 3ere establishe, by the Act of British

Parliament in (4?/* Though the ne3 rules correcte, some of the 3orst features ofits pre,ecessor' they 3ere foun, to be @greatly open to easion>' @as obnoxious to

complaints as the old law>' an, 3ere subHecte, to abrogation

6Moorsom'(4bs System 6(497

Base, on numerous complaints concerning the (4?/ tonnage

regulations' the British #overnment appointe, a thir, commission in (49)' 3ith

#eorge Moorsom as the Secretary' to secure greater uniformity in the measurement

an, registration of ships 6=en,all'()94 an, a total internal volume of ?/?'9(&'888 cubic feet' or

)4*&& ft?Dregistere, ton* This figure 3as roun,e,$up as (88 ft?Dregistere, ton for the

purposes of easier calculation an, propose, that the gross register tonnage 6#!T7

may be obtaine, by ,ivi,ing the total internal volume of ships by (88

6ohnson'()8/< =en,all'()94


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estimate, #!T of @-oah>s Ark>' the first ship recor,e, in history or legen,' 3oul, be

aroun, ('888 tons 6=en,all'()947*

Tra,itionally tonnage 3as relate, to the carrying capacity of the ship*

0o3ever' Moorsoms concept relate, tonnage to the total volume of enclose,

spaces* The tra,itional ,esire to relate tonnage to income yiel,ing cargo capacity

resulte, in the ,evelopment of a secon, kin, of tonnage' calle, -!T(4

6#raham'()/< Lane'()/97* -!T is ,erive, by ,e,ucting the tonnage of spaces not

available for cargo' such as machinery an, boiler spaces' from the #!T*

Being the colonial po3er' the British maritime legislation ha, a profoun,

influence on the ,evelopment of maritime legislation throughout the 3orl,

6MukherHee'&88&7* 2uring the secon, half of the ()

th

century' Moorsom>s System3as the basis for tonnage measurement aroun, the 3orl,' though the rules varie,

from one Huris,iction to another 6Lane'()/97*

Though -!T 3as intro,uce,' sailing ships ha, only one tonnage' i*e'

#!T* In (4/% the la3 3as change, 3ith the intention to encourage better living

;uarters for the cre3' an, allo3e, ,e,uction of seamen>s living spaces from the

#!T' 3hich initiate, a system of net tonnage for sailing ships also 6#raham'()/7*

Moorsom>s System 3as amen,e, later base, on a ,ecision by the

0ouse of Lor,s in (4%' in the case of S*S*Bear* Certain spaces provi,e, 3ith

$tonnage openings 3ere consi,ere, open an, hence eempte, from measurement'

though these coul, be use, for carriage of cargo an, ma,e @sea$proof> 3hen

necessary 6Comstock'()/%s System 3as one of the reasons 3hich prompte,

the Sue1 an, Panama Canal authorities to have separate rules* The +S ,i, not

accept this concept of eemption until ()( 6ohnson et al'()987*The tonnage

measurement la3 promulgate, in the +nite, States in (4/ 3as base, on

Moorsom>s System an, the rules provi,e, a ,etaile, metho, for calculation

6Butts'(4/7*

Accor,ing to =en,all 6()947' #!T 3as a statutory figure in Britain

re;uire, for registration of ships' comparative statistics in shipping an, shipbuil,ing'

an, as a basis for subsi,y' 3hile -!T 3as use, for the calculation of port ,ues an,

charges' light ,ues' an, time$charter rates of hire*

2anube> rules 6(4%(7

In or,er to improve the navigation facilities on the 2anube !iver an, to


16/29

collect tolls from ships' the @"uropean Commission of 2anube> 3as forme, in (4/*

.rom (4/8 on3ar,s' the toll on vessels navigating in 2anube river 3as base, on

the tonnage un,er Moorsom>s System* But the lack of 3orl,3i,e uniformity in

tonnage rules resulte, in a complicate, charging system for tolls on the 2anube*The efforts to bring about uniform tonnage la3s bet3een maritime nations in "urope

3ere also unsuccessful 6Corkhill'()48

rules in (4%( 6revoke, in (4%/7' rectifying the contentious provisions in Moorsom>s

System regar,ing shelter$,eck spaces an, allo3ance for propelling po3er* In the

Sue1 Canal tonnage rules of (4%?' the allo3ance for propelling po3er 3as base, on

the (4%( @2anube> rules* .rom (4%/' the Sue1 Canal net tonnage 3as a,opte, for

tolls in 2anube 6ohnson'()8/ F ()(?7*

Sue1 an, Panama an, Canal Tonnage

Initially' the -!T 3as use, as a basis for Sue1 Canal tolls* Since the

revenue 3as ina,e;uate to meet the epenses an, o3ing to the ;uestionable

propelling po3er ,e,uctions for steamers 6Lin,say'(4%/7' #!T 3as a,opte, as the

basis from uly (4%&' lea,ing to higher charges* The shipping companies an, ship$

o3ners oppose, this change* The @International Tonnage Commission>' forme, to

resolve the issue' a,opte, separate rules for Sue1 Canal tonnage in (4%? atConstantinople* It 3as epecte, that the (4%? rules 3oul, be a,opte, by the

countries represente, at Constantinople as 3ell' lea,ing to a universal system*

0o3ever' British la3 coul, not be amen,e, ,ue to heavy opposition from British

ship$o3ners' as the resulting net tonnage un,er Sue1 Canal rules 3as higher than

eisting -!T* Britain 3as a maHor maritime po3er an, most of the maritime nations

3ere base, on the British rules* Thus separate rules for Sue1 Canal tonnage came

into eistence 6ohnson'()(?< ilson'()?7*

The Sue1 Canal tonnage rules are base, on Moorsom>s System' 3ith some

,ifferences in the ,e,uction of propelling po3er allo3ance an, cre3 accommo,ation

spaces* The shelter$,eck eemptions un,er British rules are not grante, in the Sue1

Canal tonnage rules* Conse;uently' the Sue1 Canal tonnages are

higher than British tonnages by (8G$&8G 6Computation of

tonnage'n*,


17/29

6Bro3n'()&8


18/29

,eliberation on ,ifferent proposals' base, on both eisting an, ne3 concepts' the

final tet a,opte, ,uring the conference provi,e, a soun, an, practical basis for a

universal measurement system 6ilson'()%87*

Though the Sue1 Canal Authority an, Panama Canal Company

atten,e, ITC$/) as observers' they continue, 3ith their separate metho,s for

tonnage measurement even after a,opting ITC$/)*

ITC$/) applies to ships above &9 metres in length&

an, came into force on (4th

uly

()4& 6Tet of ITC$/) at Appen,i$%7* A phase$in perio, 3as given for the ships built

before that ,ate to retain the eisting tonnage figures up to (4th

uly ())9' for a smooth

transition to the ne3 system* (8 States amounting to )4*))G of 3orl, tonnage have

ratifie, the Convention' as of ?(st

uly' &8(8

+n,er ITC$/)' the overall si1e an, useful capacity of a ship are in,icate, by

,imensionless figures' #T an, -T respectively 6instead of '*& under +oorsoms

ystem7' calculate, base, on the total moul,e, volume of enclose, spaces an, volume

of cargo spaces 6IM'()4&b7

2evelopments after a,option of ITC$/)

In or,er to promote ITC$/) tonnage as a basis for charging tolls' the

member #overnments 3ere re;ueste, to assist the Panama Canal

Commission an, Sue1 Canal Authority in their stu,ies to ,etermine

conversion factors for assessing canal ,ues base, on the ne3 system

6IM'()4&c7* 0o3ever' the Panama Canal Commission an, Sue1 Canal

Authority continue, 3ith their earlier metho,s for assessing tonnage* Ships

nee, to have separate tonnage certificates for the Sue1 an, Panama Canals

even no3*

Base, on ;ueries raise, by member States ,uring the implementation

stage' interpretation an, clarification of technical terms in ITC$/) 3ere issue,

from IM 6IM'()%)


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provi,e, 3ith higher freeboar, an, a ,e$3atering system 6Payer'&88(7* 3ing

to the higher freeboar,' these ships have higher #T than a conventional

container ship of the same ,isplacement 60uismannF5ermeer'())(7* After

recognising this ,isa,vantage' a circular 3as issue, in ())? 6IM'())?a7follo3e, by a resolution in &88/ 6IM'&88/,7 to calculate the re,uce, #T of

open$top container ships* 0igher #T of other ship$types such as Livestock

carriers' !o$!o vessels 3ere also reporte, 60eirung'())/7*


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2evelopments after ITC$/) came into force*

Though IM ha, a,opte, interim measures from time to time' the

,ra3backs of ITC$/) an, its conse;uences 3ere looming large* The += mentione,

in its submission&%6IM'&88&b7 that there is evi,ence of eploiting the loa,line rules

to minimise #T an, the increase, reserve buoyancy re;uirements of the propose,

changes in loa,line rules' 3ill lea, to higher #T an, a ,eman, to ,iscontinue

tonnage as a means of charging port ,ues*

#ermany ma,e a submission about the substantial changes in ship

,esign after ITC$/) entere, into force' an, state, that the issues concerning

a,measurement of open$top containerships an, carriage of ,eck cargo are still not

resolve, 6IM'&88?a7* #ermany also pointe, out that the &8G ,isa,vantage

suffere, by big open$top container ships un,er the ITC$/) is consi,ere,

unacceptable an, is lea,ing to unilateral action by flag States

6IM'&889b


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+nilateral measures taken by a flag state an, the @a,Huste, approach> of re,ucing

the #T' 3ere oppose, by the +S*

Australia informe, IM 6IM'&88%a7 that AMSA is investigating the

option of using @maritime real estate> measure' instea, on -T' as the basis of

charging in Australian ports' an, stresse, the nee, to inclu,e @tacit acceptance

proce,ure> along 3ith other amen,ments in ITC$/)*

IC.T+?8

pointe, out 6IM'&88/a also mentions about the #T penalty on safer ,esigns

60eirung'())/7* Port authorities maintain that the safety at sea is not their concern

an, leaves the issue to IM to change the tonnage rules' 3hile IM states it ,oes

not control the ports an, thus is unable to ,isallo3 their use of #T as a basis* Some

countries' like .rance' have been using other parameters for charging such as

length' brea,th an, ,raft' but in most ports #T continues to be the basis 6Safer

ships'&88(7*

Accor,ing to Payer 6&88(7' open$top container ships are penalise, for higher tonnage


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cost penalty in operation' ,espite the improve, safety aspects of these vessels

60atchcoverless'&88(b


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Appen,i$& : +se of #T in International Maritime Conventions

Convention ChapterThreshol,values of #T Item

SLAS ID? 88 SLAS Application

ID4 88 Survey NSafety ";uipment

II$(D?$/ &8888 Means of access

II$(D&)(8888'%8888

Steering #ear

II$(D?8 98888 Steering #ear

II$(D?( (/88 Steering #ear

II$(D9? 888 "mergency Source of Po3er

II$(D9 (/88 Protection against shock

II$&D)*%*& 9888 Containment of fire

II$&D(8*&*((888' (/88'9888' /888

.iremains

II$&D(8**/ &888 .ie, fire etinguishing system

II$&D(?*9*(*? (888 Means of escape

IIID/ ?88 LSA$communications

IIID?? &8888 Launching of lifeboat 3hile un,er3ay

I5 ?88 !a,io communications

5 ?88' 88 Safety of navigation

5D()

?888'(8888'8888

-avigational e;pt

5D&8 ?888 52!

JI$(D? (88' ?88 IM -umber

MA!PL Anne$I (8' 988 Survey an, certification

STC IID('&'? 88' ?888 Manning on -avigation si,e

MLC &88/ !"#*? ?888' (8888Accommo,ation' !ecreation' .oo,Catering


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endments enter into orce at the end o - years 0or specifed period rom the date o adoption at

(8 o the world %T

#mendment "roposal adopt

Appen,i$? : Propose, amen,ments to Article (46?7*

!evise, proce,ure recommen,e,' for amen,ments to technical !egulations at

the Anne to ITC$/)

"isting tet of Article (46?7 may be replace, by the follo3ing tet:

(3). Amendment after consideration within the Organization:

(a) Any amendment proposed by a ontracting !o"ernment to the present

#rotoco$ or the on"ention sha$$ be submitted to the %ecretary&!enera$

of the Organization who sha$$ then circu$ate it to a$$ embers of the

Organization and a$$ ontracting !o"ernments to the on"ention at

$east si months prior to its consideration.

(b) Any amendment proposed and circu$ated as abo"e sha$$ be referred to

the aritime %afety ommittee of the Organization for consideration.

(c) %tates which are ontracting !o"ernments to the present #rotoco$

whether or not embers of the Organization sha$$ be entit$ed to

participate in the proceedings of the aritime %afety ommittee for the

consideration and adoption of amendments

(d) Amendments sha$$ be adopted by a two&thirds ma*ority of the

ontracting !o"ernments to the present #rotoco$ present and "oting in

the aritime %afety ommittee epanded as pro"ided for in

subparagraph (c) (hereinafter referred to as +the epanded aritime%afety ommittee+) on condition that at $east one third of the

ontracting !o"ernments sha$$ be present at the time of "oting.

(e) Amendments adopted in accordance with subparagraph (d) sha$$ be

communicated by the %ecretary&!enera$ of the Organization to a$$

ontracting !o"ernments to the present #rotoco$ for acceptance.

(f) (i) An amendment to an artic$e to the present #rotoco$ or an amendment

to an artic$e of the on"ention sha$$ be deemed to ha"e been


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accepted on the date on which it is accepted by two thirds of the

ontracting !o"ernments to the present #rotoco$.(ii) An amendment to the Anne&, to the on"ention sha$$ be deemed to

ha"e been accepted:

(aa) at the end of two years from the date on which it is

communicated to ontracting !o"ernments to the present

#rotoco$ for acceptance- or

(bb) at the end of a different period which sha$$ not be $ess than

one year if so determined at the time of its adoption by a two&

thirds ma*ority of the ontracting !o"ernments present and

"oting in the epanded aritime %afety ommittee.

owe"er if within the specified period either more than one third of the

ontracting !o"ernments or ontracting !o"ernments the combined

merchant f$eets of which constitute not $ess than twenty fi"e per cent

of the gross tonnage of a$$ the merchant f$eets of a$$ ontracting

!o"ernments notify the %ecretary&!enera$ of the Organization that

they ob*ect to the amendment it sha$$ be deemed not to ha"e been

accepted.

(g) (i) An amendment referred to in subparagraph (f)(i) sha$$ enter into

force with respect to those ontracting !o"ernments to the present#rotoco$ which ha"e accepted it si months after the date on which it

is deemed to ha"e been accepted and with respect to each ontracting

!o"ernment which accepts it after that date si months after the date

of that ontracting !o"ernment's acceptance.

(ii) An amendment referred to in subparagraph (f)(ii) sha$$ enter into

force with respect to a$$ ontracting !o"ernments to the present

#rotoco$ ecept those which ha"e ob*ected to the amendment

under that subparagraph and which ha"e not withdrawn such

ob*ections si months after the date on which it is deemed to ha"e

been accepted. owe"er before the date set for entry into force

any ontracting !o"ernment may gi"e notice to the %ecretary&

!enera$ of the Organization that it eempts itse$f from gi"ing effect

to that amendment for a period not $onger than one year from the

date of its entry into force or for such $onger period as may be

determined by a two&thirds ma*ority of the ontracting

!o"ernments present and "oting in the epanded aritime %afety

ommittee at the time of the adoption of the amendment.


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Appen,i$9 : Propose, amen,ments to !egulation &

Propose, amen,ments 6sho3n in bol,7 to inclu,e aspects relate, to ,eck

cargo*

6A7* 2efinition of cargo space at !egulation &6%7 be amen,e, as:

Cargo spaces to be inclu,e, in the computation of net tonnage are

enclose, or open spaces appropriate, for the transport of cargo 3hich

is to be ,ischarge, from the ship' provi,e, that such spaces have been

inclu,e, in the computation of gross tonnage* Such cargo spaces shall

be certifie, by permanent marking 3ith the letters CC 6cargo

compartment7 to be so positione, that they are rea,ily visible an, not to

be less than (88 millimetres 69 inches7 in height. ; an,'

6B7* after !egulation &647' the ,efinition of ,eck space may be a,,e,' as:

(/) Deck cargo space

0ec1 cargo space to be inc$uded in the ca$cu$ation of !2 and

2 is the maimum "o$ume of a$$ spaces a$$ocated on an

open dec1 for carriage of cargo. 2he $ength breadth and

height of stowage on open dec1 spaces sha$$ be certified by

permanent mar1ing with the $etters O% (Open argo %pace)

to be so positioned that they are readi$y "isib$e and not to be

$ess than 455 mi$$imetres (6 inches) in height.


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Appen,i$ : Propose, ne3 Article &67A an, !egulation ?$(

Propose, amen,ments 6sho3n in bol,7 to inclu,e toll tonnage*

6A7* A ne3 Article &67A be inclu,e,' as:

(7A) 8to$$ tonnage9 means the measure for co$$ecting dues from

the ship determined in accordance with the pro"isions of the

present con"ention.< an,'

6B7* a ne3 !egulation ?$( be a,,e, as :

egu$ation 3&4

Toll Tonnage

2he 2o$$ 2onnage (22) of a ship sha$$ be determined by the fo$$owing

formu$a:

22; d)

where d)

=; $ength in metres as defined at Artic$e ?()

>; breadth in metres as defined at egu$ation ?(3) and

d; mou$ded draft in metres as defined at egu$ation 6(4)(c).


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Appen,i$/ : Propose, amen,ments to the International Tonnage Certificate

Propose, amen,ments 6highlighte, belo37 are:

6A7* on page (' a,, @2O== 2OA!BC> after @-"T T--A#"O> '

an, 6B7* on page$&' a,, @%paces for 0ec1 argo' un,er -"T T--A#"


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MARLAW IMO

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