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CEREMONYCEREMONY

Impact of AILA on Family Structure of

Southern Part of Bangladesh

Tuhin Kumar JodderID No.: MSS-101638

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated and disaster prone country.

Cyclone AILA hit on the coastal areas of Bangladesh and eastern part of the West Bengal province of neighbouring country India on the mid-day of May 25, 2009.

The wind speed of AILA not too higher in comparison to cyclone SIDR of 2007. The water of AILA was 10-12 feet higher than normal height.

Approximately 352 Unions and 62 Upazilas in 14 Districts have been affected. Death toll was counted as 179 along with almost more than 8000 missing.

Around 250,000 houses were fully damaged and around 400,000 houses were partially damaged and over 1 million livestock were killed.

After 2 years later, the affects of AILA is not lessen. Now water flow and damages of riverside embankment also creates problem.

Family life, economy, livestock, infrastructures, croplands, shrimp farms and environment of the community as a whole are suffers problems. Therefore, their family structure and life is so vulnerable.

This study mainly attempt to analyze the effect on family structure due to AILA and many others side of their livelihood problems on the southern coastal area.

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

Bangladesh is the most disaster prone area. There have various type of study complete on

disaster and livelihood patternOnly a little level of study on family structure.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To know the pre and post family structure of AILA affected period.

2. To know the livelihood status of the respondents.

3. To identify the GoB and NGO’s role in AILA management

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

• Family structure divested due to cyclone AILA.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Decreases Family Income

Decreases Family Income

Increases Drop-out Children

Increases Drop-out Children

Raises Child LaborRaises Child Labor

Problem in Water, Health & NutritionProblem in Water, Health & Nutrition

Breakup Family TiesBreakup

Family Ties

Family Displacement

Family Displacement

Independent VariableIndependent Variable

Cyclone AILACyclone AILA

Changes Family StructureChanges Family Structure

Dependent VariableDependent Variable

Intermediate VariablesIntermediate Variables

Losses of Family Resources and

Production Sector

Losses of Family Resources and

Production Sector

Problem in Livelihood Pattern

Problem in Livelihood Pattern

Losses of Economy and Infrastructure

Losses of Economy and Infrastructure

DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPTS

Family: Family, basic social group united through bonds of kinship or marriage, present in all societies. 

Family Structure: Family  structure  means  the composition  and  membership  of  the  family  and  the organization  and  patterning  of  relationships  among individual family members.

Family Ties: Ties are to make a connection or link between people or things. 

Family Dependency: Family dependency denote dependence or trust in family member.

Household: People who live together in a single home are denote the household. 

AILA: AILA  (RSMC  Designation:  BOB02,  JTWC designation:  02B,  also  known  as  severe  cyclonic  storm AILA) was the second tropical cyclone to form within the northern Indian Ocean during 2009

The Southern Part of Bangladesh: The  southern part  of  Bangladesh  is  situated  in  the  central  portion  of Ganges  delta  with many  part  of Meghna  riverbank  also situated  between  the  inhabited  portion  and  the  bay  of Bangle. 

Disaster: Disaster  means  damaging  or  destructive events  that  causes  serious  loss,  destruction,  hardship, unhappiness  or  death.  Here  we  study  about  natural disaster.

METHODOLOGY

Study Design: Households survey and questionnaire technique. 

Study Area: Jhaliakhali village under the Kamarkhola Union of Dacope Upazila, Khulna district. 

Unit of Analysis: Member of the household. Population of the Study: Total Households of Jhaliakhali village 

• Sampling Procedure and Sample Size Determination: By  using  sample  size  calculator  software here we also determine our sample. Here confidence interval, confidence level and population is need to determine sample. 

Total union

Total village

Total households or

family

Sample households or

family

Confidence level

Level of significance

01 09 332 178 95% 5%

Here,

Source: Sample size calculator, (http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm)

Sources of Data:1. Primary sources, like household survey2. Secondary sources, like various types of relevant 

documents, journals and project paper

• Techniques of Data Collection: Questionnaire method.

• Development of Study Instrument: Interview schedule 

• Field Work: Household survey and field observation.

Analysis and Interpretation of Data:

1. Statistical presentation: Frequency distribution, percentage, cross tabulation, pie diagrams and bar diagram etc.

2. Software: Statistical Package for Social Science-(SPSS) 16, Microsoft Excel, Geographical Information System-(GIS), Sample size calculator (web based), end note etc.

CONCLUSION

Their agricultural activity is hampering due to natural disaster in terms of inundation, overflow of water, cyclone, drought etc.

When inundation of seawater occurs in the coastal area, it damages water embankment and creates water logging problem there.

They became dependent, and all of these are greatly affects on their family structure.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Basar, M. A. (2009) This study was to analyze, the reasons of ongoing changes of livelihood patterns of these communities and to examine the strength of government policies against environmental exploitation.

Kumar, B. G. et al (2009) Specifically, the paper has examined, (i) socio-economic profile of the tsunami-affected farmers (ii) changes in crop profile, cropping pattern and employment pattern in different seasons, (iii) changes in livestock holdings of farmers, (iv) changes in freshwater fisheries cultivation practices, and (v) constraints in crop, livestock and aquaculture farming at the field level.

Mallick et al (2010) in his report find out the socio-economic and environmental scenario of the affected people and their present livelihood condition .

Roy, K. et al (2009) in his report state the output of the assessment study in AILA (25 May 2009) affected areas in Bangladesh with focus on Khulna District.

Paul R. A. (2008) mainly focuses on the changes the family structure, also influences by divorce, non-marital births, non-marital cohabitation, cultural change, implications for children, implications for adults and implications for U.S. society. After AILA influence, many family also divested and that is type of difficulties emerged.

Sampling Procedure and Sample Size Determination:

p)-(1*p*)1(

N*p)-(1*p*22

2

zNe

zn

+−=

Here,n= size of sample, z=the value of standard variate at a given confidence level and to be worked out from Normal curve area table and it is 1.96 for the 95% confidence level p=sample proportion of success which is 0.05 (assumed)e= acceptable errors, which is 0.05N=size of population (total numbers of households), which is 332.

According to Kothari

35.1780.5)-0.5(1*)96.1()1332(*)05.0(

332*0.5)-0.5(1*)96.1(22

2

=+−

=n

So, our sample size is 178.35 or 178.

REFERENCE

Ahmad, M. (2003) Coastal Livelihoods: an introductory analysis. Dhaka, Program Development Office for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (PDO-ICZM)

Basar, M. A. (2009) Climate Change, Loss of Livelihood andthe Absence of Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A CaseStudy of Shymnagar, Bangladesh. Lund University.

Banglapedia (2010) Coastal Development Partnership (2008)Haque, S. A. (2006) Salinity Problems and Crop Production in

Coastal Regions of BangladeshKhan, B. A. (1990) Social Structure: A Theoretical and

Methodological Justify. Centre for Bangladesh Studies, Dhaka.

Kothary, C. R. (2006) Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques. New Delhi.

Kumar, B. G. et al. (2009) Socio-economic Impact Assessment of

Livelihood Security in Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture on the Tsunami-hit Lands of Andaman. Agricultural Economics Research Review.

Mallick et al. (2010) Living with Cyclone AILA. Coastal Research Foundation, Khulna, Bangladesh.

Mosby's Dictionary (2009)

Microsoft Encarta Dictionary (2009). Microsoft Corporation.Paul, R. A. (2008) Recent Changes in Family Structure:

Implications for Children, Adults, and Society. Pennsylvania State University, USA.

Roy, K. et al (2009) Cyclone AILA, Initial Assessment, ReportWith focus on Khulna District”, Unnayan Onneshan-The

Innovators, Khulna. Bangladesh. Sample Size Calculator - Confidence Level, Confidence Interval,

Sample. http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htmSiwar, C. et al (2006) Impact of Tsunami on Fishing, Aquaculture

and Coastal Communities in Malaysia. UKM Bangi.