Properties of Matter

CHAPTER

the BIG ideathe BIG idea

CHAPTER OUTLINE

Matter has properties that can be changed by physical and chemical processes.

Matter has observable properties.2.12.1

Changes of state are physical changes.2.22.2

Properties are used to identify substances.2.32.3

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KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

Matter has observable properties.2.12.1

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

density

physical property

physical change

• Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance.• Physical changes can change some physical properties but do not change the substance.

chemical property

chemical change

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KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

Matter has observable properties.2.12.1

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

density

physical property

physical change

• Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance.• Physical changes can change some physical properties but do not change the substance.• Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances.• Chemical changes create new substances.

chemical property

chemical change

VISUALIZATION

See how materials can go through physical and chemical changes.

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condensation

freezing

melting

evaporation

Changes of states are physical changes.2.22.2

SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE

freezing

freezing point

melting point

sublimation

Matter is commonly found in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

Solid Liquid

Liquid Gas

melting

evaporation, boiling

boiling

boiling point

condensation

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Properties are used to identify substances.2.32.3

SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE

Physical properties that can be used to identify substances include:

• density

• heating properties

• solubility

• electric properties

• magnetic properties

Mixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances they contain.

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KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

I. Matter has observable properties.

A. Physical properties describe a substance.

B. Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances.

2.12.1

KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

Matter has observable properties.

1. Physical Properties

2. Density

3. Physical Changes

density

physical property

physical change

chemical property

chemical change

1. Chemical Properties and Changes

2. Signs of a Chemical Change

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2.22.2

KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

Changes of states are physical changes.

II. Changes of states are physical changes.

A. Matter can change from one state to another.

B. Solids can become liquids, and liquids can become solids.

1. Evaporation

2. Boiling

C. Liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids.

1. Melting

2. Freezing

melting

evaporation

freezing

freezing point

melting point

sublimation

boiling

boiling point

condensation

3. Condensation

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KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

III. Properties are used to identify substances.

A. Substances have characteristic properties.

1. Identifying Unknown Substances

2. Properties Used for Identifying Substances

B. Mixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances in them.

2.32.3

KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

Properties are used to identify substances.

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