Properties of Matter

To identify a chemical change look for observable signs such as:

• Color change

• Bubbling and fizzing

• Light production

• Smoke

• Presence of heat or cold

• Formation of precipitate

Phase Changes

Exo-releases heat to environment

Endo-absorbs heat from environment

Phase Changes Requiring Energy

• Melting

• Vaporization

• Sublimation

Phase Changes the Release Energy

• Condensation

• Deposition

• Freezing

An extensive property of a material depends upon how much matter is is being considered.

An intensive property of a material does not depend upon how much matter is is being considered.

• mass

• length

• volume

• density

• temperature

• color

Extensive and Intensive Properties

DensityDensity

• Density is a property that describes the relationship between mass and volume

• Density can be found by dividing mass by volume

Density of FluidsDensity of Fluids• A fluid is defined as any matter that has the ability

to flow

• You can find the density of a fluid by measuring both mass and volume and then plug it into the density equation

• Most liquids are less dense than the solid form because the particles in a solid have a fixed arrangement and do not have the ability to flow.

What is What is Viscosity?Viscosity?

•A measure of a material’s A measure of a material’s resistance to flowresistance to flow

Which substance here has a higher viscosity?

Effect of heat on viscosity Effect of heat on viscosity • Increased heat will reduce the

viscosity of a fluid and thus the fluid friction.

• A good example is how warm ketchup flows quicker than cold .

• Some people describe viscosity as thickness or sluggishness.

Changing surface Changing surface characteristics characteristics

• You can reduce the friction of a fluid sliding along a surface by improving the surface characteristics or texture of the solid object.

• A rough surface texture will provide more resistance than a smooth surface in most cases. Even if the surface is smooth, having protrusions such as rivets and screw heads can increase the friction.

ViscometerViscometer• Uses timer and photogates to measure speed of object moving through a liquid

• Indicates the liquid’s resistance to flow