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PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION: THE JOURNEY
SO FAR FROM POLICY AND REGULATION TO IMPLEMENTATION
A.K. OFOSU AHENKORAH
PRESENTATION OUTLINE• Ghana’s development policy & challenges facing the energy sector
• Energy sector policy framework: objectives & actions – the energy efficiency option
• Historical events leading to adoption of energy efficiency & conservation policy
• Institutional arrangement for energy efficiency
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION programs & INTERVENTIONS –achievements, challenges
• The potential of standards and labels as a tool for energy saving – 1998 study & the Ghana EXPERIENCE WITH STANDARDS AND LABELS room air conditioner standard -2001
• The era of EFFICIENT LIGHTING
• Renewable energy initiatives – 200,000 rooftops
• Next steps – SOLAR EFFICIENT APPLIANCE & ENDORSEMENT LABEL
GHANA’S DEVELOPMENT POLICY & CHALLENGES FACING THE ENERGY SECTOR
• ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICY GOALS • BRINGING DOWN THE COST OF LIVING
• CREATING JOBS
• PROVISION OF AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE
• IMPROVE ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION
• POVERTY REDUCTION
• CHALLENGES FACING THE ENERGY SECTOR• HIGH DEMAND GROWTH
• INSUFFICIENCY IN HYDRO POWER GENERATION
• INADEQUATE FUEL FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS
• HIGH COST OF THERMAL POWER
• SUPPLY – DEMAND IMBLANCE – IMPORTS
• DETERIORATED DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE
• OPERATIONAL INEFFICIENCIES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES
• OVER-RELIANCE ON WOOD FUELS
• INEFFICIENT PRICING OF ENERGY SERVICES ……
• HIGH LEVELS OF ENERGY END-USE INEFFICIENCY!
GHANA’S ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION POLICY – CHARACTERISTICS
OF GHANA ECONOMY -1
▪ Annual growth in demand for fuelwood and charcoal is estimated at 3%.
▪ Electricity demand is growing between 6%-7%
▪ Petroleum product demand is estimated to increase at about 5% per
annum.
▪ Losses in the production, transportation and use of energy are high.
GHANA’S ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION POLICY – CHARACTERISTICS
OF GHANA ECONOMY -2
▪ System losses in electricity distribution are about 25%, with wastage in
the end-use of electricity also estimated at about 30%. (2007).
▪ Energy efficiency and conservation can help mitigate these high growth
rates.
▪ Reduction of losses in energy supply and more efficient use of energy
would also mitigate the demand for energy.
ELECTRICITY DEMAND FORECAST 2007 (SOURCE VRA MASTER PLAN 2007)
Electricity Generation Capacity
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
Year
MW Thermal
Hydro
Installed capacity as at December 2015 was 3,656 MW,
compared with forecast of 3500MW by 2020
TRENDS IN PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
kto
e
Year
Natural Gas
Hydro
Oil
Wood
TRENDS IN FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
0.0
1,000.0
2,000.0
3,000.0
4,000.0
5,000.0
6,000.0
7,000.0
8,000.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
kto
e
Year
Electricity
Petroleum
Biomass
TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
GW
h
Year
Solar
Thermal
Hydro
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY CONSUMER CLASS
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
GW
h
Year
Street Lighting
Industrial
Non-Residential
Residential
ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO POWER PRODUCTION
• Reduces cost to consumer
• Saved energy can be sold to another consumer, utility investment in
new power infrastructure could be delayed (cost saving to utility)
• Industries become more competitive
• Resources could be channelled to other sectors of economy
• Favourable environmental impact
• It is cheaper to conserve than to produce
• BUT ENERGY EFFICIENCY GAP EXISTS DUE TO MARKET IMPERFECTIONS
POLICY GOAL
Government is committed to ensuring efficient production and
transportation, as well as end-use efficiency and conservation of
energy.
Challenge
The challenge is to promote and finance energy conservation and
efficiency.
POLICY DIRECTION - 1
• Establish appropriate pricing regime for energy services that would
provide incentives to domestic and industrial consumers to voluntarily
manage their energy consumption;
• Develop and implement programmes and measures to help consumers
optimise their energy use;
POLICY DIRECTION - 2
• Support a sustained and comprehensive public education and
awareness creation campaign on the methods and benefits of
energy conservation; and
• Promote the establishment of centres of energy efficiency.
Electricity
• Discontinue, through legislation, the local production, importation
and use of inefficient electricity consuming equipment and
appliances.
HISTORICAL EVENTS LEADING TO THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION PROGRAMME
• 1975 ARAB OIL EMBARGO – WORLDWIDE
• 1979 – NIGERIAN OIL EMBARGO – AFFECTED ONLY GHANA
• 1983-84, DROUGHT, BUSHFIRES, POWER SHORTAGE
• 1985 – MINISTRY OF FUEL & POWER REPORT ON ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
• 1985 – NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD ESTABLISHED, ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMME INITIATED
THE NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD (NEB) (PNDC LAW 62), 1985
• Established in 1985 to advise the ministry of fuel and power and government on
overall national energy policy planning matters, leading to the rational
development and use of Ghana's energy resources.
• The functions of the board as set out in the enabling legislation were:
• To formulate overall policy on energy for consideration and approval by the
government,
• to assess the country's energy resources and monitor the operations of public
bodies responsible for energy development and utilization in Ghana;
• To secure a firm basis of comprehensive data and information on national energy
resource for decision making.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION PROGRAMME OF NEB
• The NEB was thus the first public entity to be charged with the responsibility for directing the
development and demonstration of Ghana's renewable energy resources, including fuel wood and
charcoal which together provide the bulk of the country's energy needs and propagating the
benefits of energy efficiency.
• ONE of the programmes of the NEB were:
• Efficiency & conservation programme designed to create awareness of the opportunities and
benefits of energy conservation; to achieve savings in energy consumption in all areas of energy
use; and to develop indigenous Ghanaian professional capability for identification and
implementation of energy saving measures.
THE ENERGY FUND
• To support the activities of the NEB, the government instituted a special "energy fund made up of
levies on petroleum products and electricity, together with external donations and grants. The fund
was used to finance the NEB's operating budget and work programmes, particularly demonstration
and evaluation studies and projects on energy conservation, renewable energy and manpower
development.
HISTORICAL EVENTS
• 1985-86- FIRST PLANNED ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMME
• 1988 – UNDP, ESMAP, CIDA, NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD - INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMME
• 1991- NEB DISSOLVED, MINISTRY OF ENERGY TAKES OVER ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMME
• 1993-1994- REVIEW OF UNDP PROJECT AND SURVEY OF 100+ INDUSTRIES
HISTORICAL EVENTS
• 1994-POWER SHORTAGE – VRA-INDUSTRY DISPUTE
• 1995 – ESMAP-MINISTRY OF ENERGY PREPARATION FOR VRA -GHANA THERMAL PLANT PROJECT – ELECTRICITY DEMAND MANAGEMENT COMPONENT
HISTORICAL EVENTS
• 1995 – POWER SECTOR REFORM COMMITTEE FORMED
• 1996 – ESMAP –WORLD BANK STUDY TO PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY– ALLIANCE TO SAVE ENERGY
DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) COMPONENT OF PSRP
• The GOG requested for the IDA credit (as part of the Takoradi project) so as to enable it
implement an expanded programme on energy efficiency improvements in the industrial and
commercial sectors (MME, 1994).
• World bank acceded to the GoG’s request and granted an IDA credit of us$ 4 million for the DSM
component, which was to be implemented over a three-year period at an estimated cost of us$
8.5 million.
• Objective of DSM programme:
• To assist Ghana to develop and implement market-based strategies and programmes to promote
and sustain the application of electricity efficiency and conservation measures at the end-use level.
• Originally implemented by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of the MME, the DSM component
was transferred to the Energy Foundation (EF) – a quasi-public set up. Established in November
1997 (collaboration between MME, PEF)
ENERGY FOUNDATION
• Established in 1997 as part of Power Sector Reform to promote Energy Efficiency
& Conservation
• Implementing the energy efficiency & conservation programme originally initiated
by the national energy board but in a more focused and stakeholder
participatory manner, in collaboration with the Private Sector.
THE ENERGY FOUNDATION
• THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE EF:
• To promote sustainable development of energy resources and efficient consumption of energy in all its
forms;
• To educate consumers through publicity campaigns, educational programmes and seminars about the
rights and responsibilities of consumers, benefits of reducing energy waste
• To advocate policies that address customer service issues and promote national policies for sustainable
development of energy and adoption of energy-saving technologies;
• To strengthen the private sector to improve economic productivity by developing energy efficiency,
renewable energy and productive use of electricity programmes and businesses; and,
• To undertake other energy related research and development activities for itself and on behalf of
other entities.
POWER FACTOR SURCHARGE
• Power factor surcharge (PFS) (payable from January 1995) was designed to levy
a penalty which will be equivalent to 1% increase in maximum demand charge
for each 1% decrease in power factor below the minimum performance standard
of 0.95 (the standard was later reduced to 90%).
• PFS is avoidable - once a customer takes the necessary measures to correct the
surcharge is eliminated.
• Electricity demand management fund (EDMF) to be used to expedite the bulk
procurement and importation of the equipment.
1998 APPLIANCE OWNERSHIP STUDY• Implementing a European type minimum energy performance standard for refrigerators could
result in saving up to US$ 50 million by 2010 for consumers, and reduce carbon emissions over the
same period by 230,000 tonnes;
• A 10% saving in energy consumption for room air conditioners could save residential consumers
nearly US$ 8 million and reduce carbon emissions by 38,000 tonnes by 2010; and
• For lighting, saving 10% of the residential load through policy and regulation would translate into
US$ 6 million in consumer savings by 2010 for urban customers only. The carbon reductions in this
case will amount to 24,000 tonnes (Energy Foundation, 1999).
PENETRATION OF CFLS
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
No.of CFL
1998 1999 2001
CFLin 1000
ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS & LABELS – POTENTIAL SAVINGS BY 2010
• REFRIGERATORS.. $50MILLION
• CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTION OF 230,000 TONS
• ROOM A/C ..10 % ENERGY SAVINGS EQUALS
• SAVINGS OF $8MILLION, CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTION OF 38,000 TONNES
• LIGHTING: ..10% LOAD REDUCTION =$6M IN SAVINGS AND CARBON REDUCTION OF 24,000 TONNES.
• TOTAL SAVINGS POTENTIAL: US$64MILLION
• IMPLEMENTATION COST: US$3-5MILLION
HISTORICAL EVENTS
• 1997 – PURC, ENERGY COMMISSION, ENERGY FOUNDATION ESTABLISHED
• 1997 –1998 – COMMENCEMENT OF ACTIVITIES OF ALL THREE INSTITUTIONS
• 1998 – POWER CRISIS, LOAD MANAGEMENT, SAVE A WATT CAMPAIGN ETC.
HISTORICAL EVENTS
• 2002 – CFL DUTY WAIVER
• 2003 – DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & LABELS
• 2003- GHANA- NETHERLANDS AIJ PROJECT ($240K)
• 2005 – FIRST LEGISLATION ON PF CORRECTION, STANDARDS AND LABELS FOR CFL, AC
HISTORICAL EVENTS
2006 – POWER SHORTAGE2007 – NATIONAL LIGHTING EFFICIENCY PROJECT2008- REFRIGERATOR STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
The Ghana Energy Efficiency Label,
RACs, CFLs
STANDARDS AND LABELS AS AN ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROMOTION TOOL
• EXPERIENCE FROM THE USA
US REFRIGERATOR STANDARDS
Annual
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpti
on (
kil
ow
att
hours
)
Market Push Market Pull
•Eliminate inefficient products from the market
•“Push” manufacturers to produce more
efficient appliances and lighting
•Stimulate consumer demand for energy
efficient products
•Help manufacturers of appliance and lighting
products to overcome investment and market
barriers
“RAISE THE FLOOR!” “RAISE THE CEILING!”
EFFECTIVE MARKET TRANSFORMATION IS THE ONLY WAY FORWARD
APPLIANCE STANDARDS FORCE DEPLOYMENTOF ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY
13-Aug-07 Energy Consumption of Refrigerators in Ghana 7
Comparative Energy Use
y = 386.19x + 109.17
R2 = 0.6057
y = 176.23x + 75.288
R2 = 0.5358
y = 1246.5x + 543.1
R2 = 0.1409
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Exterior Volume (cubic meters)
En
erg
y U
se
(k
Wh
/ye
ar)
US (California) Ghana Europe (A++ rating) Proposed Standard
Linear (US (California)) Linear (Europe (A++ rating)) Linear (Ghana)
Energy Consumption in Refrigeration in Ghana, 2007
Appliance
Annual Energy Consumption, kWh/year
***** 5-
Star
**** 4-Star *** 3-Star ** 2-Star * 1-Star
Refrigerators and
Refrigerator/Freezers<250 250 – 300 300 – 350 350-400 400 – 500
Freezers <300 300-350 350-400 400 – 500 500 – 650
Proposed Standards for Refrigerators in Ghana, 2007
THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT
3
Refrigerator/Freezer Type: zyx
Manufacturer: Logo Model No. : abc123
Fresh Food Volume l: XYZFrozen Food Volume l: XYZ
Refrigerant: Rxx
Climate Class: STCooling Star Rating: ****
*Actual consumption will depend on how the appliance is used and where it is located. Further information is contained in product brochures
Removal of this label before first retail purchase is an offence under LI 1541.
360Energy Consumption
kWh/yr*(Based on standard
test result for 24h)
The Ghana
Refrigerator
Energy
Efficiency
Label
LABELLING REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPORTATION OF NEW REFRIGERATORS, AIR CONDITIONERS AND COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS (CFLS)
Energy Commission : Telephone: 0302-813756 / 7, Email: [email protected], Website: www.energycom.gov.gh
Ghana Standards Board: Telephone: 0302-500231, Email: [email protected], Website: www.gsb.gov.gh
THE IMPORTATION OF UNLABELLED NEW REFRIGERATORS, AIR CONDITIONERS AND CFLs IS PROHIBITED BY
LAW
THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT
3
Refrigerator/Freezer Type: zyx
Manufacturer: Logo Model No. : abc123
Fresh Food Volume l: XYZFrozen Food Volume l: XYZ
Refrigerant: Rxx
Climate Class: STCooling Star Rating: ****
*Actual consumption will depend on how the appliance is used and where it is located. Further information is contained in product brochures
Removal of this label before first retail purchase is an offence under LI 1541.
360Energy Consumption
kWh/yr*(Based on standard
test result for 24h)
THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT
1
THIS MODEL’S EFFICIENCY
APP LIANCE : RO O M AIR CO NDIT IO NER TYP E: NO RE VERSE CYCLE LO UVE RED SIDESCO O LING C APACITY: 3.2 kW /hrM AN UFACT URER: C O M PANY BM O D EL: 4 321REF RIG ERA NT: R 22
* EER (Energy Efficiency Ra tio) is the me a sure of e ne rgy e fficie ncy for Air Conditione rs,
expresse d a s Wa tt of c ooling pe r Wa tt of e le ctric a l power input. Only models betwee n 2.5 a nd 11.5 kW/hr c ooling c apa city a nd with the sa me fe ature s are use d for this sc ale .
The given data a re a cc ording to Gha na Energy Efficiency La belling require me nts for
non-ducte d air c onditioners under Gha na Sta nda rd Number GS36 2.
* *Ba sed on 2, 000 hours use . Ac tua l consumption may va ry depending on a ctua l use of the product.
Re mova l of this la be l be fore first retail purc ha se is a n offe nce unde r LI 1 541
E N E RG Y C O N S UM P TIO N O F TH IS U N IT IS3,274 k Wh/yr**
THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT
REFRIGERATORS AIR CONDITIONERS CFLs
ALL IMPORTED NEW REFRIGERATORS, AIR CONDITIONERS AND CFLs SHOULD BE PROPERLY LABELLED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF LIs 1958, LI 1970 & 1815
THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT
3
Refrigerator/Freezer Type: zyx
Manufacturer: Logo Model No. : abc123
Fresh Food Volume l: XYZFrozen Food Volume l: XYZ
Refrigerant: Rxx
Climate Class: STCooling Star Rating: ****
*Actual consumption will depend on how the appliance is used and where it is located. Further information is contained in product brochures
Removal of this label before first retail purchase is an offence under LI 1541.
360Energy Consumption
kWh/yr*(Based on standard
test result for 24h)
Energy efficiency labels
• Economic Sustainability,
• Climate Change Mitigation and
• Energy Security
• If there is no Label, the Appliance is
probably not Good, Avoid it!
Importance of standards labelling
The dumping cycle
The face of standards labelling
HISTORICAL EVENTS
2010 – GHANA WINS EE GLOBAL AWARD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
THE EFFICIENT LIGHTING PROJECT 2007
The government of Ghana on the advice of the Energy Commission
procured and distributed for FREE 6million CFLs as direct replacement
of 6 million incandescent lamps as load reduction measure to reduce
impact of power shortages in Ghana in 2007
Ghana is the first country in Africa to take such action.
All 6 million lamps were distributed and installed in 3 months
OBJECTIVES OF LAMP PROJECT
Peak electricity demand reduction 200-220MW
Stabilisation of electricity grid system
Reduction of brownout and transformer
overloads
Reduction of diesel and other thermal generators
to supplement the existing power generation mix
Distribution of CFLs by Region
Region No. Of Bulbs installed
Greater Accra 2, 001, 346
Ashanti 993, 150
Western 670,069
Eastern 412, 000
Central 373, 000
Brong Ahafo 349, 500
Volta 352, 850
Northern 233, 800
Upper East 213, 200
Upper West 188, 700
Total 5, 807, 073
*Plus Allocation to MDA’s 221, 517 = 6,028,590(Total CFLs and T5’s)
Map below showing CFLs distribution by district where darker colours represent districts with higher allocations and lighter colours represents districts with lower allocations.
How it was done
National project implementation committee, chaired by the Minister
for Energy
Members:
▪ Executive Secretary – Energy Commission
▪ Chief Executive – Energy Foundation
HOW IT WAS DONE - 2
Bulk transportation – Energy Commission
Distribution –District Assemblies, using local youth, military, police,
prisons
Massive public education campaign
TRANSPORTATION
LAMP TRANSPORTATION
TRAINING REPLACEMENT GANGS
PUBLIC EDUCATION BILL BOARDS
PUBLIC EDUCATION
PROJECT LAUNCH
PROJECT LAUNCH
RETRIEVED INCANDESCENT LAMPS
RETRIEVED INCANDESCENT LAMPS
RESULTS
Peak saving of 124 MW
Energy saving of 452mwh per day or 162.7gwh per
annum
At US$120/bbl, energy cost saving is US$3.3million per
month or US$39.5million per annum.
Between October 2007 and June 2008 savings of
us$29.6million.
Co2 savings of 105,000tons per annum.
Factories established to produce CFLs in Ghana
y = 6.8034x + 916.74
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
Jan-05 Mar-05 May-05 Jul-05 Sep-05 Nov-05 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06
Pe
ak
Lo
ad
(M
W)
Months
Monthly Averages of Ghana Peak Load MW (Jan 05 -Aug 06
Demand Growth before Efficient Lighting Project
y = 1.1865x + 1074.9
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
Oct-07 Nov-07 Dec-07 Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08
Pe
ak
Lo
ad
(M
W)
Months
Monthly Averages of Ghana Peak Load MW (Oct 07 - July 08
Demand Growth after Efficient Lighting Project
124MW
Effect of CFL on National Electricity Demand
2010 EE GLOBAL AWARD
HISTORICAL EVENTS
• 2011 – 2014 REFRIGERATOR EFFICIENCY PROJECT
REFRIGERATORSPOTENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS
SURVEY RESULTS-1
• REFRIGERATOR, FREEZER SATURATION – 95%
• METROPOLITAN AREAS, ACCRA, KUMASI-95%
• OTHER URBAN AREAS – 94%
• RURAL AREAS – 2%
ENERGY USE
• REFRIGERATORS ACCOUNT FOR 25%-30% OF HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY
• HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY =50% OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY USED IN GHANA
• INDUSTRY – 35%
• COMMERCIAL – 15%
TYPE OF UNITS
• REF/FREEZER – 77%
• REF. ONLY – 10%
• FREEZER ONLY –13%
• 2-DOOR – 49%
• 1-DOOR- 51%
TYPE
• TOP MOUNT FREEZER –67%
• BOTTOM MOUNT FREEZER – 29%
• ICEBOX – 3%
• SIDE – 1%
DEFROSTING MECHANISM
• MANUAL DEFROST – 81%
• AUTOMATIC DEFROST – 19%
MANUFACTURERS
• SNOWCAP –8%
• SANYO - 12%
• SAMSUNG – 10%
• PHILLIPS – 22%
• INDESIT –15%
• BOSCH –33%
USAGE PATTERNS
• 90% - DOMESTIC USE
• 10 % - COMMERCIAL USE
NEVER UNPLUGGED – 59%
UNPLUGGED, JULY-SEPT – 10%
UNPLUGGED OCT-DEC – 29%
UNPLUGGED APRIL-JUNE-2%
FORECAST
• URBAN
• KWH/YR/REF =570KWH
• SATURATION – 95%
• HOUSEHOLDS-962,000
• % ANNUAL CHANGES IN STOCK
– 16%
• AVERAGE ANNUAL SHIPMENTS –
88,000/YR
• RURAL
• KWH/YR/REF =570KWH
• SATURATION – 2%
• HOUSEHOLDS –1,638,000
• % ANNUAL CHANGES IN STOCK – 16%
• AVERAGE ANNUAL SHIPMENTS –N/A/YR
FORECAST
• BY 2010, 140,000 REF. WILL BE SOLD IN GHANA
• STOCK – 1.8MILLION
ENERGY USE =1.8MILLION X570KWH
=1,026,000,000KWH
=1,026GWH
REFRIGERATOR EFFICIENCY PROJECT
2007 survey – average refrigerator in Ghana consumes
1,200kwh per annum
New efficiency standards limits to 650kwh/annum
• Potential saving per refrigerator is 550kwh/year
• Assume 1million out of 2.7million refrigerators are
removed in 3 years
• Saving is 550x1million =550,000,000kwh
• 324,000 tons of CO2 per annum
THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT
3
Refrigerator/Freezer Type: zyx
Manufacturer: Logo Model No. : abc123
Fresh Food Volume l: XYZFrozen Food Volume l: XYZ
Refrigerant: Rxx
Climate Class: STCooling Star Rating: ****
*Actual consumption will depend on how the appliance is used and where it is located. Further information is contained in product brochures
Removal of this label before first retail purchase is an offence under LI 1541.
360Energy Consumption
kWh/yr*(Based on standard
test result for 24h)
The Ghana Refrigerator Energy Efficiency Label
Refrigerator with Label on Ghana Market
PUBLIC EDUCATION TOOLS
TREND OF REFRIGERATING APPLIANCE IMPORTS
COMBINED PRODUCT TABLES
GROUPING YEAR NEW USED TOTAL
AGGREGATED 2005 28,032 224,100 252,132
AGGREGATED 2006 39,996 296,057 336,053
AGGREGATED 2007 70,195 339,111 409,306
AGGREGATED 2008 88,930 315,096 404,026
AGGREGATED 2009 71,779 318,220 389,999
AGGREGATED 2010 90,593 373,012 463,605
AGGREGATED 2011 148,166 403,611 551,777
AGGREGATED 2012 169,610 419,145 588,755
AGGREGATED 2013 209,824 158,699 368,523
AGGREGATED 2014* 66,062 3,448 69,510
AGGREGATED GRAND TOTAL 983,187 2,850,499 3,833,686
BACK TO MENU
2011 IMPORT DUTY REMOVAL ON LED LAMPS
Government on the advice of the energy commission has in January
2011 removed import duty and VAT on all lighting made of LED.
LED is used in renewable energy and grid electricity applications
Standards and labels being developed for LED to protect consumers
from inferior products
HISTORICAL EVENTS
• 2014 – ECOWAS ADOPTS GHANA’S LIGHTING & LABELS INITIATIVE
• 2014 – 70MW DEMAND SAVINGS ACHIEVED BY VOLUNTARY TURNING OFF OF
REFRIGERATING APPLIANCES
• 2015 – LED LIGHTING STANDARDS AND DRAFT REGULATIONS DEVELOPED
SUMMARY OF RESULTS• Compliance to the labeling regime is very high - about 95%.
• The label is now a household information. Axiom of "no label no good" has actually sunk very well.
• Appetite of Ghanaians for energy efficient appliances raised. Shops do complain about difficulty in
selling one star rated fridges. Consumers want to buy appliances with more stars. The label has become
infectious. You can find it in the neighboring Benin.
• The rebate programme, designed as a special purpose vehicle to accelerate the injection of energy
efficient fridges into homes has yielded positive results. As at end of October 2014, 8,500 efficient
refrigerators have been exchanged for same amount of inefficient ones.
• The average consumption rate of 1,200kwh per year in 2006 has declined to 385kwh/year.
• Enforcement of the standards is high. In April 2014, the EC ordered a recall of a sub standard chest
freezers from the market. The importer was ordered to re-export the recalled and what he had in his
warehouse. A total of 2000 chest freezers were shipped out in July 2014.
• Challenges in enforcing the ban on importation of used refrigerating appliances. In spite of that,
between June 2013 and October 2014, over 24,000 units of used appliances have been seized and
destroyed at the ports.
SOME HISTORICAL ACHIEVEMENTS
• POWER FACTOR
• M&T
• IEAC
• BEMS
• MOTOR CENTERS
• LOAD MGT
• CAPACITY BLDG
• 30MVA REACTIVE POWER FREED* (PROJECT COMPLETED, PRIVATE SECTOR TAKE OVER)
• 10 SITES, 3 WEANED
• 18 AUDITS 40 STUDENTS TRAINED
• MOME PILOT – 10MILLION CEDIS IN 1999, 21% SAVINGS
• ASSOCIATION OF MOTOR REPAIRERS FORMED
• 75MW SAVINGS POTENTIAL- TOU, PURC TO INTRODUCE TARIFFS
• 54 PERSONS FROM 23 ORGANISATIONS TRAINED, GHAESCO FORMED, BANKS INTRODUCED TO ECO FINANCING, 3 BANKS HAVE SET UP ENERGY DESKS
NEXT STEPS
• 2016-LED RETROFITS EXPECTED TO REDUCE STREET LIGHTING LOAD FROM 100 MW TO 55MW
• 2016 – RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL LED RETROFIT
• 2016- 200,000 ROOFTOP SOLAR INITIATIVE
• 2016 – TIMER SWITCHES INITIATIVE
• BEYOND 2016 – REVIEW OF REFRIGERATOR STANDARDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF 18 NEW
STANDARDS
• INTRODUCTION OF SOLAR EFFICIENT ENDORSEMENT LABELS
Country : USA & International
Product : Computer, Monitor
Type of Label : Endorsement
Country : EUROPE
Product : Appliances
Type of Label : Eco-Label
THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT!!!
THANK YOU