PROMASEAL® Mortar

For Cables And Pipes Penetration Seals

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Penetration Seals

General Information

Introduction

While fire resisting compartments are created to contain fire andsmoke from spreading within building structures, this also presentsa parallel threat as most concealed cavities between fire resistingwalls and floors are interlinked. The importance of sealing gaps inthis type of construction is therefore vital to ensure thecompartmentation systems work to their maximum ability to savelife and property. Such gaps are typically at service penetrationsthrough walls and floors, but would also include gaps left forstructural movement and gaps left due to poor workmanship.

Recognising this, the development of effective solutions to sealgaps at service penetrations has increased over the past few yearsand Promat has become a world leader in supplying such solutions.Note should be taken that every service passing through fireresistant building elements react in different ways to fire, so there isno single solution or product that will protect all services.

Services must be tested in accordance with the test method set outin appropriate standards. Tests are generally carried out inaccordance with the General Principles of BS476: Part 20: 1987 orEN1366: Part 3 and 4 covering both penetration seals and linearjoint seals respectively. In addition, many countries use theAustralian Standard AS4072: Part 1: 2005 (Components for theProtection of Openings in Fire-Resistant Separating Elements),which specifies testing in accordance with the test method set outin AS1530: Part 4: 2005. It is important to note that although all ofthe above test methods can be considered similar, there are somemajor differences which can affect a particular application (seefollowing pages for comparison of test methods).

Failure Criteria

Failure is measured in terms of integrity and insulation. Stability (orStructural Adequacy) is not recorded for service penetrations,except those which are required to be loadbearing, e.g.PROMASTOP® Cement.

Integrity failure occurs when cracks, holes or openings occurthrough which flames or hot gases can pass. This is measured indifferent ways, depending upon the Standard used.

For instance, AS1530: Part 4: 2005 measure integrity failure asflaming on the unexposed face for a time greater than 10 seconds.Other Standards measure integrity failure using the same criteriabut with different methods of measurement.

a) Using a cotton pad, held against any gap, to see if the cottonpad ignites within 10 seconds; or

b) If the gap is equal to or greater than 150mm x 6mm; or

c) If a 25mm diameter probe can pass through a gap.

Insulation failure occurs when the temperature rise on theunexposed surface of the service, on the unexposed face of thebuilding element 25mm from the penetration or on the seal itselfexceeds 180°C. Insulation failure is inevitable on many metalservice penetrations and is often waived as a failure criterion bylocal building regulations. Under such circumstances it is essentialthat combustibles be kept at least 100mm clear of these servicesat the point of penetration.

The PROMASEAL® and PROMASTOP® range of products wereintroduced to complement Promat’s wide range of fire protectionboard systems.

Due to continuous development of draft fire test standards for thisapplication, and the regular improvements and additions to theproduct range, only brief details are given in this section of thehandbook concerning the products available at the time of writing.

For detailed information and advice on the current range ofPROMASEAL® products, please contact Promat.

IMPORTANT: Because of the diversity of applications and the

on-going test programme, the above and the following notes in

this section are of a general nature only and it is essential to

confirm that the system specified or being installed is approved

for use. Always contact Promat to confirm the specification is

correct prior to usage.

Penetration Seals

Comparison of Building Standards

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Requires representative specimenin bo th o r i en ta t i ons . Fo rasymmetrical specimens, a testshould be conducted from eachside using separate specimens.

Representative or standard serviceconfigurations tested both inhorizontal and vertical orientation.

Requires full size or representativespecimen and testing in bothhorizontal and vertical orientationif intended for use in bothorientation. Provide standard testconfigurations.

UL requires both orientations mustbe tested unless it can be demon-strated that testing in a singleorientation does not affect theresults. ASTM does not specify butthere are differences in tempera-ture and pressure measurementsfor the two orientations so that, bydefault, both would be required.

Does not specify projectiondistances of through penetratingelements. The end conditions ofpipes should reflect the “asinstalled” conditions.

The services shall be installed sothat they extend 500mm on eachside of the supporting construction,of which at least 300mm shallextend beyond the extremities ofthe sealing system. No part of theservice shall be <200mm from thefurnace wall or another service.Movement joint seals shall beinstalled in uniform design cross-sectional area and to maximumlength that can be accommodatedby separating test element. Fornon-movement joint seals a shorterlength may be used subject to aminimum of 900mm.

The ends of the services shall besealed on the exposed side of thefurnace, to simulate normalextension through compartment.If the end condition of the theunexposed side is unspecified, itshall be left unsealed. Thepenetrating element shall extend500mm into the furnace and2000mm outside the furnace forplastic pipes, all other elementsare 500mm inside and outsidethe furnace.

The penetrating item should extendinto the furnace by 300mm and outof it by 910mm. The end of the itemon the exposed face is capped, butuncapped on the unexposed side,unless is it to represent a closedsystem in which case it may becapped. The periphery of thespecimen should not to be closerthan 1.5 the thickness of theassembly, or 300mm to the furnaceedge, whichever is greater.

Materials shall, at time of test, beat a condition approximating thestate of strength and moisturecontent that would be expected innormal service.

The test specimens shall not betested until both strength andmoisture content approximatevalues the service expects to attain.

The test specimens shall not betested until both strength andmoisture content approximatevalues the service expects to attain.

Prior to fire testing, each testsample and test assembly is tobe conditioned, if necessary, toprovide a moisture condition likelyto exist in similarly constructedbuildings.

Ambient temperature should bewithin 5-35°C prior to heatingperiod, and temperature mea-surements on the unexposed facemust be in draught-free conditions.

Provide reference for test framesand the ambient condition must be20°C(±10°C) at the commence-ment of test. During testing, thelaboratory temperature shall notdecrease >5°C or increase by>20°C for all insulated separatingelements while they still satisfy theinsulation criterion.

Not specified except that theinitial furnace temperature must benot less than 10°C and not morethan 40°C.

The testing equipment and testsample are to be protected fromany condition of wind or weatherthat might influence the test results(i.e. ambient temperature at thetime of testing must be within 10-32°C while the velocity of air acrossthe sample must not exceed 1.3mper second).

At mid height of vertical systems,the pressure differential is 15Pa,and the same pressure 100mmbelow horizontal systems.

For a vertical system with height<1000mm, the pressure differentialshould be 15±2Pa. If the height>1000mm, pressure differentialshould be 20±2Pa at the top of thespecimen. In this case penetrationsshould be included in the zonewhere the pressure is >10Pa.

For a horizontal system, thepressure differential should be20±2Pa at 100±10mm under thesupporting construction.

Not less than 20Pa at notional100mm below the soffit height ofhorizontal element or at a level withlowest point of the penetration sealof a vertical element it should be15Pa±3.

Except for the first 10 minutes ofthe test, the furnace pressure shallbe at least 2.5Pa greater than thepressure on the unexposed side ofthe following locations:

a) Wall – at lowest elevation ofthe test specimen;

b) Floors – at the location ofthe pressure probes.

Test sponsor may also specify aunique pressure condition in whichcase it must be maintainedthroughout the duration of the test,excluding the first 10 minutes,within 20% of the specification.

British Standards

BS476: Part 20: 1987

European Standards

EN1366: Part 3: 2004/

EN1366: Part 4: 2006

Australian Standards

AS4072: Part 1: 2005/

AS1530: Part 4: 2005

United States Standards

ASTM E814: 1997/

UL1479: 1998

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Penetration Seals

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British Standards

BS476: Part 20: 1987

European Standards

EN1366: Part 3: 2004/

EN1366: Part 4: 2006

Australian Standards

AS4072: Part 1: 2005/

AS1530: Part 4: 2005

United States Standards

ASTM E814: 1997/

UL1479: 1998

a) Cotton pad test;

b) Gap gauge;

c) Sustained flaming ofmore than 10 seconds.

a) Cotton pad test is generally performed. For penetrationseal tests the use of reduced size cotton pad ispermitted if necessary.

b) Whilst gap gauge is used for measurement in generaltest specimens, it shall not be used for evaluation ofpenetration and linear joint seals tests.

c) Sustained flaming.

Failed when:

a) Cotton pad test, or

b) Flaming takes place at theunexposed face of thespecimen for a periodexceeding 10 seconds.

Shall not permit thepassage of flame through-out the fire test, or waterthrough the hose streamtest. Mandatory for allratings in both standards,i.e. ASTM and UL.

The insulation of thespecimen is judged to havefailed if the temperature onthe unexposed side andon penetrations reaches180°C above the initialtemperature.

The insulation of the specimen is judged to have failedif the temperature on the unexposed side and onpenetrations reaches 180°C (K) above its initialtemperature.

The criteria for failure ofinsulation is if the tempe-rature of any of the thermo-couples on the unexposedside reaches 180°C abovethe initial temperature.

Shall not permit the passageof flame through the firetest, or water through thehose stream test or allowthe temperature to increaseby 180°C on the unexposedside. Mandatory for T ratingin both standards.

No specification. No specification. No specification.

For both F and T ratings, aduplicate specimen is sub-jected to a fire exposure testfor period half of the desiredrating but not more than 60minutes. Immediately afterthe f i re exposure, thespecimen shall be subject tothe hose stream test. Sametest assembly can be usedfor both tests but must takeplace within 10 minutesfrom the completion of thefire test.

a) Integrity;

b) Insulation;

c) Loadbearing capacitywhere applicable.

a) Integrity;

b) Gap gauge (not applicable for penetration andlinear joints seal tests);

c) Cotton pad;

d) Insulation;

e) Insulation area 2 (if the test element incorporatingtwo discrete areas of different thermal insulation).

AS1530: Part 4 states resultsto be expressed in:

a) Structural adequacy;

b) Integrity;

c) Insulation;

d) Resistance to incipientspread of flame.

Specified in terms of F ratingwhich require a hosestream test, and T ratingwhich does not require ahose stream test, measuresthe insulation. UL have anadditional L rating for air-leakage.

a) Temperature data fromall specified criticalthermocouple;

b) A detailed description ofall penetrating services;

c) A detailed description ofthe test construction.

In addition to requirements of EN1363: Part 1, thefollowing are necessary for penetration seal tests:

a) For tests on pipes, statement of the pipe endconfiguration (capped or uncapped);

b) For cables, the cable dimensions;

c) For metallic pipes, the pipe dimensions;

d) For unsupported seals, the maximum areafree of services;

e) Whether multiple penetrations have been testedin a single test construction.

For linear joint seal test, the following shall be included:

a) Full description of any procedure used to inducerelative movement of the seal faces;

b) Orientation of test specimen;

c) The limits of the range of nominal widths andthe movement capability successfully tested;

d) Full description of the splicing method(s) used.

In addition to the require-ments of AS1530: Part 3, thereport should have:

a) Temperature data fromall specified criticalthermocouple;

b) A detailed description ofall penetrating services;

c) A detailed description ofthe test construction.

Report must have:

a) Description of assemblyand materials;

b) Relative humidties;

c) Temperature recordings;

d) The achieved rating;

e) Location of pressureprobes and differentialpressure of the test;

f) Record ofall observations;

g) Correction factor.

For positions of thermo-couples and other items notspecified in this standard,laboratories refer to the ENstandard.

These standards are now in effect for use within theindustry.

Comprehensive and simplestandard configurations, aswell as details on per-missible variations.

UL also have an addition Lra t ing which is to bereported as the largestleakage rate determinedfrom the air leakage test.

Penetration Seals

User Guide

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Which System(s) To Use

As penetrations can occur in various building elements, there are a number of important criteria that require consideration in determining theappropriate type of sealing system to be used, simplified in the following chart.

Limitations of Use

• Size of opening • Flexibility of seal(s) • Ambient conditions • Frequecy of change to services

• Penetration services • Smoke or gas lightness • Design life • Parent construction (typeof substrate)

Special Considerations

In instances where electrical and mechanical services are involved, the selection of penetration sealing system also require the followingadditional elements to be carefully considered.

Compatability Considerations

• Intumescent systems in lightweight constructions • Smoke or toxicity in populated zones

• Rigid seals in “dynamic” barriers • Dusty or friable materials in clean-room applications

• Large spans and thermal expansion

30 to 240 minutesInsulation

requirement?Vibration

Movement?Wall, floor, linear gap?

Performance criteria+

Horizontal/vertical orientation

Thermalexpansion

Fire resistanceperiod?

Loadbearing?

Mechanicalstrength?

Fire rated With damper

Electric cables

Types of services

Cable traysCable bundlesSingle calesConduit and

trunking

Ducting

Non ferrousmetals

Steel or cast iron

Plastic

Pipes

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PROMASEAL® Mortar 81.24.1SM

Maximum 600mm

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Maximum 400mm

1 For FRL up to -/240/180*, insulation criteria will vary depending on

application and types of the services and penetrating elements.

PROMASEAL® Mortar

*Insulation is the time to failure measured on the surface of the

PROMASEAL® Mortar. In some instances, where insulation

measured upon the services is the required criteria, this time to

insulation failure can be substantially shorter, e.g. for a steel or

copper pipe passing through the barrier. If insulation measured

upon the services is the relevant criteria for a specific project,

please consult Promat Technical Department to ensure the

appropriate performance can be obtained.

2 25mm wide steel Zed clips at nominal 300mm centres

3 Metal pipes

4 Electrical cables

5 Steel cable tray

6 Masonry or concrete floor slab

NOTE: PROMASEAL® AN Acrylic Sealant to be liberally applied to all

joints and contact points between the barrier and services, and the

barrier on the substrate (not shown above).

T E C H N I C A L D A T A

PROMASEAL® Mortar is a specially formulated, lightweight (densityapproximately 700kg/m3), hydraulic cement composition supplied as apremixed dry powder. It can be trowelled into position for sealing of openingsrequired for the passage of services such as electrical cables/pipes, buswaysand busbars, telecommunication cables/conduits etc. through floors andwalls, thus maintaining the fire resistance of building elements that have beenpenetrated. It can also be used to seal openings after services have beenremoved or where no services are present.

PROMASEAL® Mortar has been successfully tested and assessed to AS1530:Part 4 and BS476: Part 20 for fire ratings up to 240 minutes depending onservice penetration. Insulation criteria will vary depending upon thepenetrating services.

PROMASEAL® Mortar is grey in colour and is packaged in convenient 20kgbags. It can be mixed with varying quantities of clean water for differentconsistencies.

Installation Guide

Maximum sizes of openings for PROMASEAL® Mortar without the need foradditional framing are:

Floors: Maximum 600mm x 400mmWalls: Maximum 600mm x 600mm

For larger openings, please consult Promat Technical Department.

For floors, 25mm wide Zed clips of 30mm x 50mm x 30mm x 1mm thick must beplaced around the top of the opening at 300mm centres. Where the mortar abuts awall this clip is replaced with 25mm wide L-angle of 100mm x 30mm x 1mm thickfixed to the wall, ensuring that at least 50mm is below the top level of the mortar.

Recommended Specification

Where appropriate, with or without service penetrations, the specified floor/wallopenings should be properly fire stopped using PROMASEAL® Mortar capableof providing fire resistance of -/240/- when tested and assessed in accordancewith AS1530: Part 4 and/or BS476: Part 20: 1987. Installation of any firestopping product should be carried out according to the manufacturer’srecommendations. Please consult Promat for more details.

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PROMASEAL® Mortar 82.24.1SM

Minimum

90mm

Max

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600

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Maximum 600mm

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1 For FRL up to -/240/240*, insulation criteria will vary depending on

application and types of the services and penetrating elements.

PROMASEAL® Mortar

*See same note on opposite page

2 Steel ventilation duct with appropriate support

3 Metal pipe with appropriate support and damper where required

4 Electrical cables

5 Steel cable tray with appropriate support

6 Cable tie

7 Masonry or concrete wall

NOTE: PROMASEAL® AN Acrylic Sealant to be liberally applied to all

joints and contact points between the barrier and services, and the

barrier on the substrate (not shown above).

T E C H N I C A L D A T A

Coverage & Mixing Guide

When mixed with 12 to 16 litres of water, 20kg of the powder will produceapproximately 35 litres of mix which will fill an area approximately 0.35m2 ofclear opening at 100mm depth. This equates to approximately 3 x 20kg bagsof PROMASEAL® Mortar per 1m2 of clear opening at 100mm depth or around30 bags per m3.

PROMASEAL® Mortar can be mixed to a consistency to suit the application.For floors, if the services are close together and difficult to access, it may benecessary to make a wet pouring mix. However if the PROMASEAL® Mortarcan be easily installed, use a medium dry mix. If the mortar has to be stackedin a wall opening, make a dry mix. The following may be used as a guide inpreparing the required mix:

• Dry (packing) mix: 10 litres of water to 20kg of powder;

• Medium dry mix: 12 litres of water to 20kg of powder;

• Wet (pourable) mix: 16 litres of water to 20kg of powder.

Care should be taken on the order of mixing. Water should be added into thePROMASEAL® Mortar powder.

PROMASEAL® Mortar can be premixed and kept for several hours in a plasticbucket with an air tight lid. This enables an installer to do a number of smallopenings in a building without have to make several mixes on the site. Themix may set within a few hours of installation. However, setting time isdependent on weather conditions.

In some applications it may be necessary to provide bond breakers aroundservices that may move as a result of natural building or thermalmovement. This can be achieved using PROMASEAL® IBS™. Always applya bead of PROMASEAL® AN Acrylic Sealant at the junction of the servicesand PROMASTOP® Cement as this will provide an effective smoke, water andmovement seal.

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For latest information of the Promat Asia Pacific organisation,please refer to www.promat-ap.com

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1. This document is produced on the basis of information andexperience available at the time of preparation. Promat isconstantly reviewing and updating all of its test data and reservesthe right to change products and specifications without notice.

2. Promat is not responsible if recipients of fire test reports,assessments or literature incorrectly interpret said contents anduse products based on those interpretations.

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