Project GreenLight

Presentation for the……

Dr. Gregory HidleyCalifornia Institute for Telecommunications and Information

Technology, UCSD

Project GreenLight

ICT is a Key Sector in the Fight Against Climate Change

Applications of ICT could enable emissions reductions

of 7.8 Gt CO2e in 2020, or 15% of business as usual emissions.

But it must keep its own growing footprint in check and overcome a number of hurdles

if it expects to deliver on this potential.

www.smart2020.org

ICT Industry is Already Actingto Reduce Carbon Footprint

Application of ICT Can Lead to a 5-Fold GreaterDecrease in GHGs Than its Own Carbon Footprint

Major Opportunities for the United States*– Smart Electrical Grids– Smart Transportation Systems– Smart Buildings– Virtual Meetings

* Smart 2020 United States Report Addendum www.smart2020.org

“While the sector plans to significantly step up the energy efficiency of its products and services,

ICT’s largest influence will be by enabling energy efficiencies in other sectors, an opportunity

that could deliver carbon savings five times larger than the total emissions from the entire ICT sector in 2020.”

--Smart 2020 Report

GreenLight Motivation: The CyberInfrastructure (CI) Problem

• Compute energy/rack : 2 kW (2000) to 30kW in 2011

• Cooling and power issues now a major factor in CI design

• IT industry is “greening” huge data centers … but today every $1 spent on local IT

equipment will cost $2 more in power and overhead

• Academic CI is often space constained at departmental scale

• Energy use of growing departmental facilities is creating campus crises of space,

power, and cooling

• Unfortunately, little is known about how to make shared virtual clusters energy

efficient, since there has been no campus financial motivation to do so

• Challenge: how to make data available on energy efficient deployments of rack scale

hardware and components?

The NSF-Funded GreenLight ProjectGiving Users Greener Compute and Storage Options

• PI is Dr. Thomas A. DeFanti• $2.6M over 3 Years to construct GreenLight Instrument

– Start with Sun Modular Data Center• Sun Has Shown up to 40% Reduction in Energy• Measures Temperature at 5 Levels in 8 Racks• Measures power Utilization in Each of the 8 Racks• Chilled Water Cooling input and output temperatures

– Add additional power monitoring at every receptacle– Add web and VR interfaces to access measurement data

• Populate with a variety of computing clusters and architectures– Traditional compute and storage servers– GP GPU arrays and specialized FPGA based coprocessor systems– DC powered servers– SSD equipped systems

• Turn over to investigators in various disciplines • Measure, Monitor and Collect Energy Usage data

– With the goal of maximizing work/watt

The GreenLight Project: Instrumenting the Energy Cost of Computational Science

• Focus on 5 Communities with At-Scale Computing Needs:– Metagenomics– Ocean Observing– Microscopy – Bioinformatics– Digital Media

• Measure, Monitor, & Web Publish Real-Time Environmental Sensor Output– Via Service-oriented Architectures– Allow Researchers Anywhere To Study Computing Energy Cost– Enable Scientists To Explore Tactics For Maximizing Work/Watt

• Develop Middleware that Automates Optimal Choice of Compute/RAM Power Strategies for Desired Greenness

• Partnering With Minority-Serving Institutions Cyberinfrastructure Empowerment Coalition

Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2; GreenLight PI

GreenLight Goals: More Work/Watt

• Build a full-scale virtualized device, the GreenLight Instrument

• Measure then minimize energy consumption

• Develop middleware to automate optimal choice of compute/RAM power

strategies

• Discover better power efficiency configurations and architectures

• Teach future engineers who must scale from an education in Computer Science

to a deeper understanding in engineering physics

• Measure, monitor, and make publicly available, via service-oriented

architectures, real-time sensor outputs

• Focus on 5 communities: metagenomics, ocean observing, microscopy,

bioinformatics, and digital media

• Allow researchers anywhere to study the energy cost of at-scale scientific

computing

GreenLight Research activitiesLeading to Greener CI Deployments

• Computer Architecture – FPGA, GP GPU systems – Rajesh Gupta/CSE

• Software Architecture – Virtualization, memory management, networking and modeling– Amin Vahdat, Ingolf Kruger/CSE

• CineGrid Exchange – mixed media storage, streaming, and management– Tom DeFanti/Calit2

• Visualization – Using 2D and 3D modeling on display walls and CAVEs – Falko Kuster/Structural Engineering, Jurgen Schulze/Calit2

• Power and Thermal Management – Tajana Rosing/CSE

• DC Power Distribution– Greg Hidley/Calit2

http://greenlight.calit2.net

Calit2/UCSD [http://greenlight.calit2.net]

Monitoring, Modeling and Management

GLIMPSEDecision Support System

http://glimpse.calit2.net

Situational Awareness

Calit2/UCSD [http://greenlight.calit2.net] 12

“Tap” for details

Dashboard interface

Power utilization

Multiple perspective

s

Enterprise reach

Datacenter vitals

2010.08.20 Calit2/UCSD [http://greenlight.calit2.net] 13

Input/Output

sampling

Live/Average

data

Live Temperatur

e

Live/average

Fan speeds

Environmentals

Heat Exchangers

Domain specific views


Control elements

Real-time heatmap

Realistic models

Airflow dynamics


Live fan speeds

Airflow dynamics

Heat distribution


Combined heat + fans

Realistic correlation

Heat Trends


Trends over past 24h

Heat exchangers

Hotspot identification

Past changes in airflow


Fan slicesrpm

Potential for failures

Trends over past 24h

Heat distribution

changes

Power spikes


1 minuteresolution

Unused asset

Average load

IT assets

Peak computation

Computation zone

Zoom-in Analysis


History over several days.

Zoom on desired time range.

Hint on each sample point.

Automatic average area.

Multiple sensors per asset with up to 1 min sampling resolution.

The GreenLight Project Focuses on Minimizing Energy for Key User Communities

• Microbial Metagenomics• Ocean Observing• Microscopy• Bioinformatics• Digital Media—CineGrid Project

– Calit2 will Host TBs of Media Assets in GreenLight CineGrid Exchange to Measure and Propose Reductions in the “Carbon Footprint” Generated by:• File Transfers and • Computational Tasks

– Required for Digital Cinema and Other High Quality Digital Media Applications

GreenLight Project: Putting Machines To Sleep Transparently

22

Peripheral

Laptop

Low power domain

Network interface

Secondary processor Network interface

Managementsoftware

Main processor,RAM, etc

IBM X60 Power Consumption

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Sleep (S3) Somniloquy Baseline (LowPower)

Normal

Po

we

r C

on

su

mp

tio

n (

Wa

tts

)

0.74W(88 Hrs)

1.04W(63 Hrs)

16W(4.1 Hrs)

11.05W(5.9 Hrs)

Somniloquy Enables Servers

to Enter and Exit Sleep While Maintaining

Their Network and Application Level Presence

Rajesh Gupta, UCSD CSE; Calit2

Improve Mass Spectrometry’s Green Efficiency By Matching Algorithms to Specialized Processors

• Inspect Implements the Very Computationally Intense MS-Alignment Algorithm for Discovery of Unanticipated Rare or Uncharacterized Post-Translational Modifications

• Solution: Hardware Acceleration with a FPGA-Based Co-Processor– Identification and Characterization of Key Kernel for

MS-Alignment Algorithm– Hardware Implementation of Kernel on Novel FPGA-based Co-

Processor (Convey Architecture)• Results:

– 300x Speedup & Increased Computational Efficiency

Large Savings in Energy Per Application Task

Virtualization at Cluster Level for Consolidation and Energy Efficiency

• Fault Isolation and Software Heterogeneity, Need to Provision for Peak Leads to:– Severe Under-Utilization– Inflexible Configuration– High Energy Utilization

• Usher / DieCast enable:– Consolidation onto Smaller

Footprint of Physical Machines– Factor of 10+ Reduction in

Machine Resources and Energy Consumption

Original Service

Virtualized Service

Source: Amin Vadhat, CSE, UCSD

Usher

DC Power: UCSD is Installing Zero Carbon EmissionSolar and Fuel Cell DC Electricity Generators

San Diego’s Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant Produces Waste Methane

UCSD 2.8 Megawatt Fuel Cell Power Plant Uses Methane

2 Megawatts of Solar Power Cells at UCSD, 1 MW to be

Installed off campus

Available Late 2011

Zero Carbon GreenLight Experiment:DC-Powered Modular Data Center

• Concept—Avoid DC to AC to DC Conversion Losses– Computers Use DC Power Internally– Solar and Fuel Cells Produce DC– Both Plug into the AC Power Grid– Can We Use DC Directly (With or Without the AC Grid)?

• DC Generation Can Be Intermittent – Depends on Source

• Solar, Wind, Fuel Cell, Hydro– Can Use Sensors to Shut Down or Sleep Computers– Can Use Virtualization to Halt/Shift Jobs

• Experiment Now Underway– Collaboration with Sun, EPRI, DPTI and LBNL– NSF GreenLight Year 2 and Year 3 Funds

Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2; GreenLight PI

Sun Box <200kWatt

DC Power Distribution• Today's data center AC based distribution model:

– 480-V AC power from the grid is converted to DC to charge a battery-based UPS

– DC stream from the UPS is converted to AC and transformed to 208-VAC for distribution

– The above AC is then rectified back to 380-VDC in each server's power supply

• DC distribution offers a comparatively simpler scheme:– a single rectifier turns 480-V AC into 380-V DC that both charges the UPS and

supplies the servers.

Energy Power Research Institute (EPRI) and Duke Energy Corp. measured a 15 percent reduction in power consumption in a test of 380-V DC distribution at the utility's Charlotte, N.C., data center. Net energy savings could be twice that, they claim, once the cooler-running equipment's reduced air conditioning burden is factored in.

UCSD Two Rack DC Experiment

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Project GreenLight

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