Progressives on Progressives on the National Stagethe National Stage

Three PresidentsThree Presidents

Roosevelt, Taft, and WilsonRoosevelt, Taft, and Wilson Shared a commitment to reformShared a commitment to reform Challenged industrial giants and Challenged industrial giants and

worked to end corruptionworked to end corruption All expanded the power of the All expanded the power of the

presidencypresidency

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

Square DealSquare Deal– Regulate big businessRegulate big business– Protect workers and consumersProtect workers and consumers

William TaftWilliam Taft

Supported by TRSupported by TR Limited power of big corporationsLimited power of big corporations Added land to national forest systemAdded land to national forest system Passes Payne-Aldrich TariffPasses Payne-Aldrich Tariff

– Tarnished his record as a progressiveTarnished his record as a progressive

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Roosevelt believes Taft betrayed Roosevelt believes Taft betrayed progressive idealsprogressive ideals– TR decides to run againTR decides to run again– As 3rd party after Taft chosen by As 3rd party after Taft chosen by

RepublicansRepublicans– Bull-Moose PartyBull-Moose Party– Wilson= DemocratWilson= Democrat

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

New FreedomNew Freedom– Limit power of trustsLimit power of trusts– Greater voice to American citizensGreater voice to American citizens– Reduce corruptionReduce corruption– Creation of Federal Trade CommissionCreation of Federal Trade Commission

Industrialization led to…Industrialization led to…

Unsafe productsUnsafe products Environmental damageEnvironmental damage Corruption in public lifeCorruption in public life

Busting TrustsBusting Trusts

RooseveltRoosevelt Sherman Anti-Trust ActSherman Anti-Trust Act

–Fairly ineffectiveFairly ineffective Reputation of “trustbuster”Reputation of “trustbuster” Hepburn ActHepburn Act

–Gave gov’t authority to set Gave gov’t authority to set maximum railroad ratesmaximum railroad rates

WilsonWilson

Clayton Anti-Trust ActClayton Anti-Trust Act– 19141914– Strengthened the Sherman Anti-trust ActStrengthened the Sherman Anti-trust Act– Prohibited corporations from acquiring the Prohibited corporations from acquiring the

stock of another if doing so would create a stock of another if doing so would create a monopolymonopoly

– Company officers could be prosecuted for Company officers could be prosecuted for doing thisdoing this

– Today, still on the booksToday, still on the books– When companies merge, they have to get When companies merge, they have to get

approval from the federal governmentapproval from the federal government

Protecting Consumers and Protecting Consumers and WorkersWorkers

RooseveltRoosevelt– Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act

Created Food and Drug AdministrationCreated Food and Drug Administration– Test and approve drugs before going to Test and approve drugs before going to

marketmarket– Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act

Inspect packaged meatInspect packaged meat In reaction to novel In reaction to novel The JungleThe Jungle

– Government involved during United Mine Government involved during United Mine Workers StrikeWorkers Strike

Taft/WilsonTaft/Wilson Laws stop hiring of kids under 14 yrs. OldLaws stop hiring of kids under 14 yrs. Old 8 hr. workday created for most jobs8 hr. workday created for most jobs EnvironmentEnvironment

– Preservation vs. Conservation???Preservation vs. Conservation??? Preservation- protection of wilderness Preservation- protection of wilderness

lands from all forms of development lands from all forms of development (John Muir)(John Muir)

Conservation- limited use of resourcesConservation- limited use of resources– RooseveltRoosevelt

– Created US Forest ServiceCreated US Forest Service– Protect natural areas from excessive Protect natural areas from excessive

developmentdevelopment

Banking SystemBanking System Federal Reserve ActFederal Reserve Act

– 12 regions each with a Federal Reserve 12 regions each with a Federal Reserve BankBank

– Private banks remain independent but Private banks remain independent but agree to operate under rules of Federal agree to operate under rules of Federal Reserve SystemReserve System

– Safety net to private banksSafety net to private banks– Regulate amount of $ in circulationRegulate amount of $ in circulation– Makes financial system more stableMakes financial system more stable

TaxesTaxes– Gov’t needed $ to pay for new programsGov’t needed $ to pay for new programs– 16th amendment- allowed gov’t to 16th amendment- allowed gov’t to

impose an income taximpose an income tax– Graduated income tax- people with Graduated income tax- people with

higher incomes pay a larger % of higher incomes pay a larger % of earnings than those with lower incomesearnings than those with lower incomes

SenatorsSenators– Constitution says senators are chosen Constitution says senators are chosen

by state legislaturesby state legislatures– Senators often had connections to Senators often had connections to

corporationscorporations– 17th amendment- direct election of 17th amendment- direct election of

senators by popular votesenators by popular vote– Gave avg. citizen more influenceGave avg. citizen more influence

ProhibitionProhibition– Women’s Christian Temperance Union Women’s Christian Temperance Union

and Anti-Saloon Leagueand Anti-Saloon League– Believe that drinking alcohol made men Believe that drinking alcohol made men

unable to support their familiesunable to support their families– 18th amendment- bans manufacture, 18th amendment- bans manufacture,

sale, or transportation of alcoholsale, or transportation of alcohol End of Progressive MovementEnd of Progressive Movement

– With the advent of WWI in Europe, the With the advent of WWI in Europe, the Progressive era endedProgressive era ended

– Wilson’s new focus would be on how to Wilson’s new focus would be on how to stay out of the European fight, and stay out of the European fight, and remain neutralremain neutral