Progress in Kenya on activities for aflatoxin management by IITA and partners
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Transcript of Progress in Kenya on activities for aflatoxin management by IITA and partners
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium
Progress in Kenya on activities for
aflatoxin management by
IITA and its partners
On behalf of IITA, KALRO, NIB
Kenya group meeting, ILRI, Nairobi, 5 May 2015
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Aflasafe KE01 development
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
• Thrust: Identifying the causative
agent for acute aflatoxicosis
(knowing the enemy)
• Exploring potential for biological
control
• Key: USDA-ARS; Peter Cotty,
Claudia Probst
Phase I: 2004-2009
Outbreak of an Acute
Aflatoxicosis in Kenya in
2004: Identification of the
Causal Agent (2007).
Claudia Probst, Henry
Njapau, and Peter J. Cotty; Applied Environmental
Microbiology
Districts in grey: reported
aflatoxicosis outbreaks
(2005,2006)
Aspergillus community
structure is an important
factor in the
development of aflatoxins in
maize in Kenya
Kitui
Machakos
Makueni
Impact of Aspergillus section
Flavi community structure
on the development of lethal
levels of aflatoxins in Kenyan
maize (Zea mays)
C. Probst1, F. Schulthess2
and P.J. Cotty1,3; Journal of
Applied Microbiology, 2009
>3400 isolates from 4 provinces
• Rift Valley, Eastern, Coast, Nairobi
96 atoxigenic
isolates
• Rift Valley, Eastern, Coast, Nairobi
13 isolates
• Efficacy, wide location, Multiple substrates, Multiple years
Identification of atoxigenic Aspergillus
flavus isolates to reduce Aflatoxin
contamination of maize in Kenya (2011).
Probst, C.,Bandyopadhyay, R., Price, L.
E., Cotty, P. J., Plant Disease.
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Phase II: 2010-2012
• On station trials:
• Efficacy
• Sensitizing
• Capacity development
• IITA, KALRO, AATF
• Sites: KALRO Katumani, KALRO Kiboko, KALRO
Kampi ya Mawe, NIB Bura and Hola irrigation schemes
(proposed by KSTCIE)
Bura/Hola • No cultivation beyond the schemes • No permanent shelter-nomadic pastoralists • No agriculture without irrigation • Security
• Site/Scheme under the National Irrigation Board (NIB)
• Why chosen: High levels of aflatoxin in maize grain • Irrigated
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
On-station trials: Outcome
13 isolates 4 isolates:
KN00A, KN001,KN011,KN012
• Repatriation
• Planting
• Soil sampling and
inoculation
• Harvesting
• Laboratory analyses
Widely distributed; colonize
multiple substrates; recovered
naturally across years; ability to
displace toxigenic fungi; ability to
reduce aflatoxin; inability to
produce CPA
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Phase III: On farm Trials
• 2012 to date (continuous data
generation)
• Lower Eastern, Upper Eastern, Tana
River
• Application under farmer conditions
• 2 rates tested-PCPB recommendation
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Sites:
• 16 sites: Evurore; Siakago; Embu East,
Wote, Kaiti, Makindu, Mbooni East,
Machakos Central, Kangundo, Matungulu,
Kathinai, Nzambani, Ikutha, Kitui Central,
Bura, Hola
• About 1100 farmers (Treatment and
control)
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Bura Irrigation Scheme, Coast Province, Kenya: 2012 Tests Treatment = Aflasafe KE01 10 kg/ha (Top); 20 kg/ha (Bottom)
Tota
l Aflato
xin
s in
harv
este
d m
aiz
e
Percent of Fields
16.1 - Treated
122.9 - Control
87% Reduction
3.9 - Treated
92.1 - Control
96% Reduction
Top Chart: 10 kg/ha
(Recommended Rate)
Bottom Chart: 20 kg/ha
(Rate Test Requested by PCPB)
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
74 ppb - Treated
1,133 ppb - Control
93.5% Reduction
Mutomo, Kitui County, Kenya: 2012 Tests
Short Rain Season Farmer Field Trials
Deadly
Average 2,750 ppb!
Range 1,790 ppb to 3,710 ppb.
Safe Food
510 ppb
Percent of Fields
Tota
l Aflato
xin
s in
harv
este
d m
aiz
e
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Roll out plan by the Kenya
Government
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County Ha under maize Ha to be treated
Aflasafe (tons)
Machakos 149,338 2,000 20
Makueni 102,825 2,000 20
Kitui 77,210 2,000 20
Embu 45,215 2,000 20
Tharak/Nithi 26,769 2,000 20
Tana River 6,269 2,800 28
Kilifi 72,672 4,000 40
Kwale 39,490 4,000 40
Lamu 20,127 3,000 30
Galana 1,600 1,500 15
Murang’a 43,000 2,000 20
Total 584,515 27,300 233
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Activity Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Procurement of aflasafe
Staff mobilization
Training of Trainers
Sensitization of farmers
Phase 1 Application
Phase 2 Application
Phase 3 Application
Monitoring
Grain sampling
Sample analyses
Report and recommendations
submission to the MALF)
2015 2016
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
So far……..
• NIB: Procured 8.1 tons in March
• MoALF: Procured 221 tons in March;
currently being manufactured.
• First initiative for area wide application
• Sampling at schemes by NIB with IITA
assistance
• NIB and NCPB to independently verify
efficacy
• Scope for economic impact assessment
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Bura
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Bura
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Galana-Kulalu
• Model farm 10,000acres
• Work in progress
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
So far seeded about 500 acres
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
• Scaling up initiative and promotion of other
ready-to-go aflatoxin management
technologies
– Part of a 10-country initiative
• Involve partnership
– Storage
– Drying
– Economic impact studies
– Health impact studies…..still under
discussion, e.g. with Nutrition innovation lab-
Tufts University
USAID Kenya Initiative
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
• Involve maize value chain management
• Engage private sector and assess various
models for distribution and marketing of
Aflasafe KE01 in order to improve up
scaling efforts
• Increase local capacity
• Communication
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Communication Initiative (USAID KE)
• To match the increasing demands for aflasafe and rate of
uptake
• Develop a communication strategy for aflasafe technology
• Develop tools for dissemination
• Dissemination
• MoALF (NIB, NCPB, KALRO, CGA, CMA, Food and feed
manufacturers, EAGC, EAFF, KAVES, MoH)
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 6-05-2015
Local aflasafe Manufacture
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Purpose • Provide inoculum for area wide application
• Provide material for research: product
development and improvement
• Business incubation
• Capacity building
• Architect identified
• NEMA assessment almost done
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Mycotoxin Research Lab • Support biocontrol
research in the EAC
region
• Support national
programs in mycotoxin
research
• Capacity building
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org
Thank you……..
• USDA-ARS
• MoALF
• Kenya Agricultural and Livestock
Research Organization (KALRO)
• National Irrigation Board (NIB)
• Pest Control Products Board (PCPB)
• Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate
Services (KEPHIS)
• ACDI-VOCA
• African Agricultural Technology
Foundation (AATF)
• Farmers
• Prof Ruth Oniang’o
• Dr. Joseph Mureithi
• Dr. Wilson Songa
• Joseph Ngetich