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Programs Conferring Categorical Eligibility for SNAP: State Policies and the Number and Characteristics of Households Affected

Final Report

February 2014

Elizabeth Laird Carole Trippe

This page has been left blank for double-sided copying.

Contract Number: AG-3198-K-13-0006

Mathematica Reference Number: 40202.900

Submitted to: U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service 3101 Park Center Drive Alexandria, VA 22302 Project Officer: Jenny Genser

Submitted by: Mathematica Policy Research 1100 1st Street, NE 12th Floor Washington, DC 20002-4221 Telephone: (202) 484-9220 Facsimile: (202) 863-1763 Project Director: Karen Cunnyngham

Programs Conferring Categorical Eligibility for SNAP: State Policies and the Number and Characteristics of Households Affected

Final Report

February 2014

Elizabeth Laird Carole Trippe

Programs Conferring Categorical Eligibility for SNAP Mathematica Policy Research

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CONTENTS

I Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1

II Overview of SNAP Eligibility Rules and Legislative History of Categorical Eligibility ........................................................................................................................ 1

III Purpose and Study Methodology .................................................................................. 5

A. Policy Data Collection Procedure .......................................................................... 6 B. SNAP QC Tabulations ........................................................................................... 6

IV Types of Programs Conferring Categorical Eligibility .................................................... 7

A. Traditional Public Assistance ................................................................................. 7 B. Narrow Categorical Eligibility ............................................................................... 10 C. Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility ...................................................................... 14

V Number and Characteristics of Households Affected By Categorical Eligibility Based on SNAP QC Data ............................................................................. 15

A. Categorically Eligible Households ....................................................................... 18 B. Households That Would Become Income Ineligible for SNAP If Non-

Cash BBCE Were Eliminated .............................................................................. 19 C. Growth in Percentage of Households Affected by Categorical Eligibility

Over Time ........................................................................................................... 20

APPENDIX A: STATE TABLES ............................................................................................. A.1

APPENDIX B: SNAP POLICY MANUAL LINKS ..................................................................... B.1


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TABLES

1 State Vehicle and Asset Policies for Non-Categorically Eligible Households, June 1, 2013 ................................................................................ 2

2 Narrow and Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility by State, June 1, 2013 ................................................................................................................. 8

3 States’ Traditional Public Assistance Categorical Eligibility Programs, June 1, 2013 ................................................................................... 9

4 States’ Targeted Cash Narrow Categorical Eligibility Programs, June 1, 2013 ........................................................................................................... 10

5 States’ Targeted Non-Cash Narrow Categorical Eligibility Programs, June 1, 2013 .................................................................................................. 12

6 States’ Broad-Based Non-Cash Categorical Eligibility Criteria by State as of June 1, 2013 ................................................................................ 15

7 Distribution of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Categorical Eligibility Status and by State, Fiscal Year 2011 ......................... 21

8.1 Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011 ................................................................. 23

8.2 Individuals in Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011 .............................................. 24

8.3 Benefits to Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011 .............................................. 25

9.1 Distribution of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility Status, Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by State, Fiscal Year 2011 ................. 26

9.2 Distribution of Individuals in Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility Status, Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by State, Fiscal Year 2011 ....................................................................................................... 28

9.3 Distribution of Benefits to Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility Status, Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by State, Fiscal Year 2011 ....................................................................................................... 30


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10.1 Characteristics of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011 ................................................................. 32

10.2 Characteristics of Individuals in Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011 ......................................... 34

10.3 Benefits to Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011 ................................................................................ 36

11 Average SNAP Benefits, Income and Deduction Amounts, Household Size, and Certification Period of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011 .............................. 38

12 Deductions of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011 ................................................................. 39

13.1 Categorically Eligible SNAP Households By Categorical Eligibility Status and Fiscal Year ................................................................................... 40

13.2 Categorically Eligible SNAP Households Failing a SNAP Income Test By Categorical Eligibility Status and Fiscal Year .................................... 41


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I. Introduction

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) helps low-income individuals purchase food so they can obtain a more nutritious diet. SNAP is the largest of 15 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), and serves a broad demographic spectrum of the needy population. During fiscal year (FY) 2012, SNAP served approximately 46.6 million people in an average month at a total annual cost of $78.4 billion, $74.6 billion of which went to SNAP benefits.

SNAP is available to all individuals who meet the federal eligibility guidelines set by Congress. In addition, SNAP households in which all members receive cash benefits from either Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), or general assistance (GA) are categorically eligible for SNAP and therefore not subject to the federal income and asset limits. Over the last decade, categorical eligibility has been expanded to a much larger group of households, including those receiving non-cash benefits and services funded by TANF block grants.

In this report, we present detailed information on the types of programs used by States to confer categorical eligibility to SNAP households as of June 1, 2013, how the programs vary by State, and the number and characteristics of households eligible through those programs. We begin with an overview of SNAP eligibility rules and a description of the three key types of categorical eligibility. These include traditional categorical eligibility based on receipt of needs-based cash assistance, and the newer “narrow” and “broad-based” categorical eligibility based on receipt of benefits or services under TANF block grants. Next, we discuss the methodology and goals of the study. We then summarize the detailed information we collected on State categorical eligibility programs and present the number and characteristics of households affected by categorical eligibility based on SNAP QC data.

II. Overview of SNAP Eligibility Rules and Legislative History of Categorical Eligibility

Regular SNAP federal eligibility rules. To be eligible under regular SNAP rules, households without elderly or disabled members must have gross income that does not exceed 130 percent of the federal poverty guideline and net income that does not exceed 100 percent of the federal poverty guideline. Households with an elderly or disabled member do not face a gross-income threshold but they must have net income that does not exceed 100 percent of the federal poverty guideline. Net income is determined by subtracting allowable deductions from gross income. Allowable deductions include a standard deduction and deductions for earned income, dependent care costs, medical expenses (for households with elderly or disabled individuals), child support payments, and excess shelter expenses.

In addition, household assets must not exceed $2,000 for households without elderly or disabled members, or $3,250 for households with an elderly or disabled member. (As stipulated in the 2008 Farm Bill, the asset thresholds are indexed to inflation, rounded to the nearest $250 increment. Prior to FY 2012, the asset threshold for households with an elderly or disabled member was $3,000.) Countable assets include cash, resources easily converted to cash (such as money in checking or savings accounts), and some nonliquid resources. The value of family homes, retirement and education savings accounts, and some types of property are not counted toward the asset limit.

However, a portion of the value of household vehicles may be counted toward the asset limit. Vehicles with equity below $1,500 are excluded from the asset test. Vehicles used as homes, to


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produce income, to transport physically disabled household members, or to transport fuel or water are also excluded. Otherwise, for one vehicle per adult and any vehicle used by a teenager in the household to drive to work or school, any fair market value in excess of $4,650 is counted toward the resource limit. Of the household’s remaining vehicles, the higher of (1) any fair market value in excess of $4,650 or (2) any equity is counted. States have the option, though, to further exclude the value of vehicles by aligning their SNAP vehicle rules with those in place for other programs, such as TANF or child-care assistance, as long as those rules are not more restrictive than the federal SNAP vehicle rules.

In FY 2013, all but five States or territories (Delaware, Minnesota, North Dakota, Virgin Islands, and Washington) aligned their vehicle rules with those of other programs. Twenty nine of those States have adopted rules that exclude all vehicles from the asset test. The State vehicle and asset policies used for non-categorically eligible households are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. State Vehicle and Asset Policies for Non-Categorically Eligible Households, June 1, 2013

State State Vehicle and Asset Policies

Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming

Exclude all vehicles.

Alaska, New York, and South Carolina

Exclude one vehicle per driver.

Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota

Exclude one vehicle per household.

Delaware, Minnesota, North Dakota, Virgin Islands, and Washington

Use Federal SNAP rules.

Guam Exclude one vehicle for single-parent households with children, and two vehicles for two-parent households with children (parents may include step-parents but not unmarried live-in partners). Use federal SNAP rules for vehicles in all other households.

Idaho Exclude one vehicle per adult. Total asset limit of $5,000.

Michigan Exclude one vehicle and then exclude $15,000 combined fair market value of remaining non-excluded vehicles. Total asset limit of $5,000.

Nebraska Exclude up to $12,000 fair market value from one vehicle.

New Hampshire Exclude one vehicle per adult.

Oregon Exclude $10,000 of combined vehicle equity.

Rhode Island, Vermont Exclude one vehicle per adult not to exceed two vehicles per household.

Texas Exclude up to $15,000 of the fair market value of one vehicle. Total asset limit of $5,000.


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Categorical eligibility. Categorical eligibility simplifies the application and eligibility-determination process and reduces the time States must spend verifying resources. It may also expand eligibility to low-income households with assets and gross income above the federal limits.

Households in which all members are authorized to receive means-tested cash assistance from specified low-income assistance programs have long been considered categorically eligible for SNAP benefits. Starting with the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-253), households in which all members received Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) cash assistance were exempt from the SNAP asset test (but not the income test). Under the Food Security Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-198), households in which all members received AFDC or SSI cash assistance were exempt from both the SNAP income and asset tests. Categorical eligibility was extended to recipients of State or local GA programs under the Mickey Leland Memorial Domestic Hunger Relief Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-614).

In 1996, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) eliminated the traditional AFDC cash assistance program and replaced it with the TANF block grant. The TANF block grant gives States broad flexibility to spend funds on a wide range of benefits and services to meet four goals of the program: “(1) provide assistance to needy families so that children may be cared for in their own homes or in the homes of relatives; (2) end the dependence of needy parents on government benefits by promoting job preparation, work, and marriage; (3) prevent and reduce the incidence of out-of-wedlock pregnancies and establish annual numerical goals for preventing and reducing the incidence of these pregnancies; and (4) encourage the formation and maintenance of two-parent families” (P.L. 104-193).

In response to questions from States about implementing categorical eligibility under PRWORA, USDA clarified in guidance released on July 14, 1999 that categorical eligibility applies to households receiving or certified to receive in-kind or other benefits funded under a State TANF program as well as households receiving traditional cash assistance. State TANF programs include those primarily funded with Federal money under Title IV-A, and with State money counted for maintenance of effort (MOE) purposes. States have substantial flexibility in the types of programs used for MOE purposes (funding for education assistance, diversion, healthy-marriage programs, pregnancy prevention, and so on), so the MOE-funded programs that confer categorical eligibility vary widely across states. USDA then updated SNAP regulations on categorical eligibility to provide more detailed guidance. The final regulations at 7 CFR 273.2(j), dated November 2000, require that States make categorically eligible for SNAP:

• Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive1 cash assistance through a public assistance (PA) program2 funded in full or in part with TANF or MOE dollars

1 The regulations at 7 CFR 273.2(j)(2)(iv) define “authorized to receive” as meaning that an individual has been

determined eligible for benefits and has been notified of this determination, even if the benefits have been authorized but not received or accessed, suspended or recouped, or not paid because they are less than a minimum amount.

2 Public assistance programs are defined in 7 CFR 271.2 as any of the following programs authorized by Title IV.A of the Social Security Act of 1935, as amended: old-age assistance; TANF, including TANF for children of unemployed fathers; aid to the blind, aid to the permanently and totally disabled; and aid to aged, blind, or disabled.


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• Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive non-cash or in-kind benefits or services from a program that is more than 50 percent funded with TANF or MOE dollars

• Any household in which one member receives or is authorized to receive non-cash or in-kind benefits or services and the State agency determines that the whole household benefits from the services

In addition, the regulations give States the option to confer categorical eligibility to households that receive or are authorized to receive non-cash or in-kind services from a program that is less than 50 percent funded with TANF or MOE dollars. Finally, any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive PA, SSI, and/or GA benefits are categorically eligible for SNAP.

USDA now defines three types of categorical eligibility policies:

• Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance: All States confer categorical eligibility to SNAP households in which all members receive SSI, cash TANF benefits, or in some States, GA.

• Narrow Categorical Eligibility: Some States provide narrowly targeted TANF/MOE-funded cash and non-cash services that confer categorical eligibility for SNAP to program participants. These benefits and services, which can include work support, child care, diversion assistance, transportation, mentoring, and other short-term assistance, are generally provided to only a small number of people.

• Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility: Many States use a simple TANF/MOE-funded non-cash service, such as a brochure on assistance programs, to confer categorical eligibility on a broad group of people. States with broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE) policies establish income and asset limits, and sometimes unit-composition constraints, for the program. Most States have eliminated the asset test and apply only a gross income eligibility limit of between 130 and 200 percent of the federal poverty guideline.3 The number of States (as well as the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) implementing BBCE policies has expanded rapidly in recent years, rising from 29 in FY 2009, to 39 in FY 2010, and 43 by June 1, 2013.

Categorical eligibility may not be extended to households in which a member has been disqualified for an intentional program violation or failure to comply with TANF work requirements.4 Households that are categorically eligible for SNAP must meet SNAP nonfinancial

3 States are required to impose a gross-income test at or below 200 percent of the poverty level to determine eligibility for TANF/MOE-funded programs conferring categorical eligibility for those aimed at achieving TANF goals 3 or 4 (reducing out-of-wedlock pregnancies or promoting two-parent families). TANF/MOE-funded programs aimed at achieving TANF goals 1 and 2 (assisting needy families so children remain in their own homes; or ending dependence through work, job preparation, and marriage) are targeted toward needy families and therefore already impose a State-specific income-based means test, so no further income test is required.

4 Many nonelderly nondisabled SNAP participants are required to register for work and must agree to accept any suitable job offered unless they are exempt from rules relating to work registration. Furthermore, nondisabled SNAP participants 18 to 49 years old who do not have dependents in the household are subject to work requirements in order to receive SNAP benefits for more than 3 months in a 36-month period. They are exempt from the time limits if they work at least 20 hours per week, participate in a qualifying employment or training program, receive a state exemption


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requirements, such as those relating to citizenship, and have their SNAP benefits determined under the same rules as other households.

SNAP benefits. Maximum SNAP benefits are based on the Thrifty Food Plan and vary by household size and location. A household’s SNAP benefit is calculated by subtracting 30 percent of a household’s net income from the maximum benefit amount to which it is entitled. Eligible households with one or two members receive at least the minimum SNAP benefit, which is $16 in FY 2013. However, all larger households must have net income low enough to be eligible for a positive SNAP benefit whether the household meets regular federal eligibility rules or is eligible through State categorical eligibility rules.

Proposed elimination of non-cash categorical eligibility in 2013 Farm Bill. A recent House version of the 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 1947) proposed eliminating categorical eligibility conferred by non-cash programs. The Senate version of the bill does not include similar language. Although the House version was rejected on June 20, 2013, it included the following language: Section 4005 of H.R. 1947 “amends section 5 of the Act by restricting categorical eligibility for SNAP to only those households receiving cash assistance through other low-income assistance programs.”5 Even though the proposed change would not have affected households that are categorically eligible through traditional pure cash PA, it would have made ineligible for SNAP any households qualifying through non-cash BBCE programs that fail the federal income or asset test. Although the latest House version of the Farm Bill failed, it is likely that the proposed elimination of non-cash categorical eligibility will be reconsidered in future versions.

III. Purpose and Study Methodology

The objectives of this study were to (1) update information previously collected by Trippe and Gillooly (2010) on the TANF-funded programs used by States to confer categorical eligibility to SNAP households, and (2) use more recent SNAP QC data to examine the number and the characteristics of these categorically eligible households. The study aimed to find information on the following:

1. The number of States that have categorical eligibility policies—BBCE and narrow

2. Which benefits or services confer categorical eligibility in these States, and a description of the benefits or services

3. The number and percentage of SNAP households that had categorical eligibility status conferred by these programs

4. The State asset and vehicle policies used to determine eligibility for SNAP households that are not categorically eligible

(continued) (up to 15 percent of those potentially facing time limits), or live in a location that qualifies for a waiver due to insufficient jobs.

5 See Section 4005 Section 4005 of the Section-by-Section Analysis of H.R. 1947: http://agriculture.house.gov/ sites/republicans.agriculture.house.gov/files/farm%20bill/2013FARRMSecbySec.pdf.


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A. Policy Data Collection Procedure

To collect information on programs that confer SNAP categorical eligibility, we employed a multistep process of policy and document review, followed by contact with SNAP and TANF State administrators. First, we reviewed information collected by Trippe and Gillooly (2010). This report provided information on State categorical eligibility policies and State vehicle policies through July 1, 2010. It also used FY 2008 SNAP QC data to examine the number and characteristics of households that were categorically eligible through these policies. Since completion of this report, several states implemented or changed existing BBCE policies, and because of the economic downturn and State budget situations, reduced or eliminated non-cash TANF programs that previously conferred narrow categorical eligibility.

We reviewed online State SNAP and TANF policy manuals to collect information on programs that confer categorical eligibility (in Appendix B, we provide links to these documents). We found that online SNAP policy manuals were available in all but four States or territories (Connecticut, Guam, New Jersey, and the Virgin Islands). In some States, the policy manual did not specify which TANF/MOE programs would offer categorical eligibility. In these cases, we examined information in TANF State plans and other web-based information, such as program brochures, information pages, PowerPoint presentations, and research reports.

We contacted State SNAP administrators to confirm and clarify information collected during the policy and document review. Contact consisted of email communication, telephone calls, and conference calls. Some States provided a TANF administrator contact to give us additional information on TANF/MOE programs that would confer categorical eligibility. To minimize State burden, we made up to three initial contacts per State. For some States, we had contact with up to five different administrators because we were referred from one to another; for other States, we had contact with only one administrator.

For each State and territory, we collected detailed information on programs conferring categorical eligibility. We identified such eligibility criteria as gross income, net income, asset requirements, and household composition. We documented the process for conferring categorical eligibility, including how workers would process cases, or, in some instances, how the data system would categorize these households. For BBCE policies and vehicle rules, we also confirmed the effective date. If a State conferred categorical eligibility through a narrow program, we requested that the State provide data on the number or percentage of households that would have received SNAP through these programs. As will be discussed in more detail below, most States were unable to provide these data.

B. SNAP QC Tabulations

We also used FY 2011 SNAP QC data to tabulate the number and characteristics of categorically eligible SNAP households and households that would be income ineligible for SNAP if non-cash categorical eligibility were eliminated, as proposed by H.R.1947. The SNAP QC data contain a sample of SNAP participants that are representative at the state level and is weighted to match adjusted SNAP program operations administrative totals for households, individuals, and benefits. The SNAP QC data include a variable that identifies households that are categorically eligible. When combined with data on receipt of TANF, SSI, or GA cash assistance and on State BBCE programs, this information allows us to identify households that are categorically eligible because all members receive cash PA or because they satisfy state-specified criteria for BBCE. We identify the remaining categorically eligible households as “other categorically eligible households”


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because it is not possible to determine using SNAP QC data which, if any, of those households are categorically eligible through receipt of narrow non-cash services.6

IV. Types of Programs Conferring Categorical Eligibility

In this section, we describe State categorical eligibility policies as of June 1, 2013. First, we outline traditional PA programs that confer categorical eligibility. Next, we discuss the State narrow categorical eligibility (NCE) programs that confer categorical eligibility. NCE programs range in eligibility requirements and duration and all provide households with targeted cash and non-cash benefits that fall outside of traditional PA programs. Finally, we describe BBCE programs that many States use to confer categorical eligibility on a broad group of people based on a simple TANF/MOE-funded non-cash benefit such as a brochure or referral information. In June 2013, 20 States had targeted cash NCE programs, 20 states had targeted non-cash NCE programs, and 43 states had BBCE programs (see Table 2). Appendix A provides a summary of each State’s categorical eligibility policies, and State-specific asset and vehicle rules for households that are not categorically eligible. Where available, we provide data on the number of households that are categorically eligible for SNAP through non-cash NCE programs.

A. Traditional Public Assistance

A household is categorically eligible for SNAP through pure cash PA status if each of its members receives cash TANF, SSI, or GA. States’ statutes and policies vary on which of these programs confer categorical eligibility (see Table 3).

All States include TANF as a program that confers categorical eligibility. In most States, if all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, or if some members receive or are authorized to receive TANF but the remaining members receive SSI (and/or GA), then the household is categorically eligible for SNAP. Six states (Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Nevada, Washington, and West Virginia) require that only one member of the household receive or be authorized to receive TANF to confer categorical eligibility on the entire household.

Receipt or authorization to receive SSI is also used to confer categorical eligibility in all but one State (California)7. Most States also consider households eligible to receive SSI but not receiving a cash benefit due to earnings as meeting the requirements for categorical eligibility.

Other cash PA programs, such as GA and programs for the aged, blind, or disabled, are less commonly included in States’ lists of programs that confer pure cash PA status. Nineteen of the 30 States that offer GA confer categorical eligibility for program participants. Programs for the aged, blind, or disabled confer categorical eligibility in 13 states.

6 Based on State reviews of a sample of these “other categorically eligible households,” only 19 percent were

confirmed as being eligible for SNAP through receipt of a non-cash narrow categorical eligibility service, and most (81 percent) were found to be eligible for other reasons (such as pure cash PA, BBCE, or regular SNAP rules) that could not be identified using SNAP QC data.

7 By law, SSI recipients in California are ineligible for SNAP because they receive a small additional state-funded cash supplement instead of SNAP benefits.


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Table 2. Narrow and Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility by State, June 1, 2013

Narrow Categorical Eligibility Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility State Targeted Cash Targeted Non-Cash

Alabama

X Alaska X X

Arizona X

X Arkansas X X

California

X Colorado

X X

Connecticut X

X Delaware X

X

District of Columbia

X Florida X X X Georgia X X X Guam

X

Hawaii

X X Idaho

X

Illinois

X Indiana

Iowa

X Kansas

X

Kentucky X

X Louisiana X

X

Maine X

X Maryland

X

Massachusetts

X Michigan

X

Minnesota X X X Mississippi

X

Missouri

X Montana X

X

Nebraska X X X Nevada

X X

New Hampshire

X New Jersey

X

New Mexico X

X New York

X

North Carolina

X X North Dakota X

X

Ohio

X X Oklahoma

X

Oregon X X X Pennsylvania X X X Rhode Island

X

South Carolina

X South Dakota

X

Tennessee

X Texas

X

Utah X Vermont

X X

Virgin Islands

X Virginia

X

Washington X

X West Virginia X X X Wisconsin

X

Wyoming Total 20 20 43


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Table 3. States’ Traditional Public Assistance Categorical Eligibility Programs, June 1, 2013

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

(TANF)

Supplemental Security Income

(SSI)

General Assistance

(GA)

Programs for the Aged, Blind, or

Disabled

Alabama X X Alaska X X Arizona X X X Arkansas X X Californiaa X X Colorado X X X

Connecticut X X X X Delaware X X X

District of Columbia X X Florida X X Georgia X X Guam X X X X

Hawaii X X Idaho X X X

Illinois X X X Indiana X X Iowa X X Kansas X X X Kentucky X X Louisiana X X Maine X X X Maryland X X X

Massachusetts X X X Michigan X X X

Minnesota X X X Mississippi X X Missouri X X X

Montana X X Nebraska X X X X

Nevada X X X New Hampshire X X X

New Jersey X X X New Mexico X X New York X X X North Carolina X X North Dakota X X Ohio X X X

Oklahoma X X Oregon X X X Pennsylvania X X X X

Rhode Island X X South Carolina X X South Dakota X X Tennessee X X Texas X X Utah X X X Vermont X X X

Virginia X X X Virgin Islands X X Washington X X X X

West Virginia X X Wisconsin X X Wyoming X X aBy law, SSI recipients in California are ineligible for SNAP because they receive a small additional state-funded cash

supplement instead of SNAP benefits.


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B. Narrow Categorical Eligibility

Targeted cash NCE programs provide a cash benefit to households that is not considered a TANF cash grant, but is funded through TANF/MOE. States have the option of conferring categorical eligibility on households receiving or authorized to receive benefits or services that are less than 50 percent funded by TANF/MOE. If the purpose of the program is to assist needy families and reduce their dependency, no additional SNAP means test beyond that already used for the TANF/MOE program is required. Twenty states confer categorical eligibility through targeted cash NCE programs (see Table 4). Some programs provide monthly cash payments, typically for a set period of time; others provide a one-time lump-sum payment to address an emergent need or to sustain employment.

Table 4. States’ Targeted Cash Narrow Categorical Eligibility Programs, June 1, 2013

Monthly Targeted Cash Assistance Lump-Sum Payment

Post-Employment Assistance

Kinship- Care

Assistance Refugee

Assistance Education Assistance

Housing Assistance

Employment Assistance

Diversion- Assistance

Job- Retention Payment

Alaska

X Arizona

X X

X

Arkansas X

X X Connecticut

X

Delaware

X

Florida

X

Georgia X

Kentucky X X

X

Louisiana X X

Maine

X

Minnesotaa X

X Montana X

Nebraska X

New Mexico

X

X

North Dakotaa X X

X Oregon X

X

Pennsylvania

X Utah

X

Washington

X West Virginia X

X

aMinnesota’s and North Dakota’s diversion assistance programs offer a time-limited four month cash payment.

Targeted cash NCE programs include post-employment assistance, kinship-care assistance,

refugee assistance, education assistance, housing assistance, and employment assistance. Post-employment assistance, conferred by 10 states (Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and West Virginia), provides a monthly cash payment, typically from three to six months, for households that have become ineligible for TANF due to employment earnings. State policies vary on income and eligibility requirements for participation in these programs: some require families be under 200 percent of the federal poverty guideline and others have no income restrictions. Four States confer categorical eligibility through kinship-care assistance (Arizona, Kentucky, Louisiana, and North Dakota) and four States for refugee assistance (Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, and Florida). Only two States offer education assistance (Maine and New Mexico), one offers housing assistance (Oregon), one offers employment assistance (Pennsylvania) and two (Minnesota and North Dakota) offer diversion assistance as a monthly cash program.


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Diversion-assistance programs confer categorical eligibility in 10 states (Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, and West Virginia). Typically these programs offer one-time lump-sum payments to families to solve an emergent need rather than have them begin receiving monthly cash TANF benefits. Many States require that households demonstrate that they will not require additional assistance beyond the lump-sum payment. The length of time these programs confer categorical eligibility differs by state: some are eligible only for the month the payment is received; others for a 12-month period, during which the household is locked out of receiving TANF (see the detailed Appendix A tables for more information on state-specific diversion-assistance programs). In addition to diversion assistance, Arkansas confers categorical eligibility for receipt of a job retention lump-sum payment, which former TANF households receive after retaining employment for a period of time.

Targeted non-cash NCE benefits or services confer categorical eligibility to a narrow population of needy households that, in most cases, formerly received TANF. These programs typically provide vouchers for such things as child care or services to promote job retention or to assist former TANF recipients from returning to cash assistance, such as case management or mentoring. Twenty States (Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia) offer categorical eligibility through non-cash NCE programs (see Table 5). Of those States, 12 also have BBCE policies (Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia).

Targeted non-cash NCE programs and eligibility criteria are the most variable. States typically confer categorical eligibility through the following:

• Case-management services/work-support services. These services were most often offered to former TANF households whose cases were closed due to employment earnings. Case-management services are designed to ensure that former TANF households receive help to retain employment and not return to cash assistance. The duration and eligibility criteria vary by State.

• Child-care assistance. This program, usually in the form of vouchers or arrangements with providers, is typically available to former TANF households whose cases were closed due to employment earnings. The duration and eligibility criteria vary by State.

• Education assistance. These programs are offered to low-income individuals pursuing a post-secondary education or for low-income households with school-age children in need of school supplies. Education-assistance programs’ purposes and eligibility criteria are defined by the State.

• Medical assistance. These services are most often offered to former TANF households that had their cases closed due to employment earnings. The duration and eligibility criteria vary by State.

• Mentoring services. These services are provided to youth or former TANF households that had their cases closed due to employment. These programs provide support to help individuals retain employment and meet other needs required for self-sufficiency.


12

Table 5. States’ Targeted Non-Cash Narrow Categorical Eligibility Programs, June 1, 2013

State TANF/MOE-

Funded Service Eligibility Criteria

Limit on Months of Categorical

Eligibility

Number of SNAP Households Categorically

Eligible

Alaska Case-Management Services

Household must have adult member employed at the time of TANF case closure.

6 months 0.5 percent of SNAP households

Arkansas Child-Care Assistance

Households with eligible child in which TANF case closed due to employment. Gross income less than 60 percent of state median income.

36 months Not available

Mentoring Services

Household must have TANF case closed due to employment.


Transportation Assistance



Case-Management Services



Colorado Family Preservation Services

Households with children living with caretaker or can be parent with unborn child; if child in foster care, meets requirements; family qualifies for and has signed treatment plan for family preservation services. Household with gross income less than $75,000 per year and over 130 percent of the FPL.

Varies by county Less than 1 percent

Florida Home Visiting Services

Households with members who are expectant or include a newborn in which an assessment indicated risk of child maltreatment or other adverse outcomes with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.


Georgia Transition Assistance


6 months Less than 1 percent

Hawaii Employer-Subsidy Program

Household members must be TANF recipients at time of employer-subsidy program entrance with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL, net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL, and assets less than or equal to $5,000.


Kansas Medical Assistance

Household members must have become ineligible for medical assistance due to increased earnings. No financial eligibility criteria for TransMed.


Medical Assistance

Household members must have become eligible for medical assistance at least three of last 6 months to receive extension. No financial eligibility criteria.


Work-Support Services

Household must have lost TANF cash eligibility and have gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL.


Minnesota Child-Care Assistance

Household must chose to discontinue cash assistance or lose eligibility for diversionary work program with having participated 3 of the last 6 months with gross income less than or equal to 120 percent of the FPL.


Child-Care Assistance

Household with gross income less than or equal to 47 percent of state median income.



13

Table 5 (continued)

State TANF/MOE-

Funded Service Eligibility Criteria

Limit on Months of Categorical

Eligibility

Number of SNAP Households Categorically

Eligible

Missouri Child-Care Assistance

Households with eligible child with gross income less than or equal to 127 percent of the FPL or receipt of TANF.

None 28,740 households

Mentoring Services

Individuals up to age 21 in need of mentoring services in select counties.

None 4 households

Nebraska Child-Care Assistance

Household must have TANF case closed due to employment with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL.


Medical Assistance

Household must have TANF case closed due to employment with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL.


Nevada Child-Care Assistance

Household must be on TANF with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL.


North Carolina Employment- Assistance

Household in which at least one member receives or is authorized to receive Work First Employment Services with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.

24 months 5,000 households

Ohio Prevention Services

Varies by County Varies by County Not available

Oregon Child-Care Assistance

Households with eligible child under age 12 with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL.

None Not available

Pennsylvania Education Assistance

Household with parent or expectant parent under age 22 with gross income less than or equal to 235 percent of the FPL.

Varies by Program

Not available

South Dakota Child-Care Assistance

Household with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.

None Not available

Tennessee Counseling Services

Household must receive TANF cash assistance or have TANF case closed and need assistance with one or more of the following: mental health, domestic violence, substance abuse, learning disabilities, or children's health or behavioral problems.


Vehicle Assistance

Household must receive TANF cash assistance or have TANF case closed, apply for the First Wheels program, and demonstrate need.


Vermont Education Assistance

Households in which adult member participates the Postsecondary Education Program with gross income less than or equal to 150 percent of the FPL.

48 months 1,093 households for combined education and income assistance programs

Employment- Assistance

Households which received a Vermont Earned Income Tax Credit payment within the 12 calendar months prior to certification or recertification.

12 months

Virginia Employment-Assistance

Households which receive TANF-funded services and programs with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL and net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.


West Virginia Education Assistance

Households with school age children and gross income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.



14

Most states are unable to provide information on the number of households eligible solely through targeted non-cash NCE programs. Of the 20 States that confer categorical eligibility through these programs, only 9 (Alaska, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, and Vermont) give a number or approximation of the percent of households that would fall into this category. Only 2 of those States (Missouri and Vermont) provide the exact number and percent of households (6.6 percent and 2.1 percent, respectively). Missouri previously gathered this information as part of a special request, and Vermont’s system collected this information. One State (North Carolina) estimates the number of households that would be eligible through its non-cash NCE program. Six States estimate that less than 1 percent of their SNAP households are eligible through non-cash NCE programs. The remaining 11 States cannot provide this information because they do not track different uses of TANF/MOE funds separately or because obtaining this information would require a special data request that would be expensive and time-consuming for the State.

C. Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility

BBCE benefits confer categorical eligibility on a broad group of people. The benefit is usually in the form of a simple brochure or referral information on a range of State-provided assistance programs available to households in need. Because the information is prepared with TANF/MOE funds, most households who receive the brochure or referral are categorically eligible for SNAP. States have flexibility in setting the eligibility criteria for receiving the brochure or referral, but most have eliminated the asset test and set a gross income eligibility limit of between 130 and 200 percent of the federal poverty guideline. Eliminating the asset test simplifies the SNAP eligibility process, reduces State workloads, and reduces errors associated with collecting detailed asset and vehicle information.

As of June 1, 2013, 43 States or jurisdictions (including the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) had implemented BBCE policies. Table 6 summarizes those policies by the eligibility criteria for receiving the benefit conferring BBCE and the effective date of the most recent policy. Appendix A tables identify historical BBCE policies for States that have revised their policies over time. In summary:

• 42 of the 43 States or jurisdictions have no restrictions regarding household composition. Only New Hampshire restricts eligibility to households containing a dependent child (under age 22) and a specified relative of the dependent child.

• 38 States have no asset test. Only Idaho, Michigan, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and Texas have an asset test. The asset limits range from $5,000 in Idaho, Michigan, and Texas, to $25,000 in Nebraska.

• 33 States have no net income test. Only Alabama, Colorado, Idaho, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Oklahoma have a net income test for at least some portion of the population. Even in States with no net income test, however, households (with more than two members) must have net income low enough to be eligible for a positive SNAP benefit.8

8 Eligible households with one or two members may receive at least the minimum SNAP benefit.


15

• 26 States set the gross-income limit higher than 130 percent of the federal poverty guidelines for all households (though three of the States also have an asset test).

• 14 States use a higher gross-income screen for households with elderly or disabled members (200 percent of the federal poverty guidelines) than for other households.

• 9 States set their BBCE eligibility criteria to gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the federal poverty guidelines for all households, and no asset or net income limit (Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Maryland, Nevada, North Carolina, Washington, and Wisconsin). This is the most common BBCE eligibility criteria used.

• 27 States provide a TANF/MOE-funded brochure to confer BBCE; other States use referral information (9) or information on the application (7).

• 14 States initially implemented BBCE policies after the enactment of the 2008 Farm Bill (October 1, 2009).

Table 6. States’ Broad-Based Non-Cash Categorical Eligibility Criteria by State as of June 1, 2013

TANF/MOE-

Funded Benefit

Effective Date

Household Composition

Income Limit as a Percentage of Poverty

Guideline

State Gross Net Asset Limit

Alabama Brochure

2/1/2010 No or some elderly or disabled

130% Determined by HH Size*

None

All elderly or disabled 200% 100% None

Arizona Referral information

6/1/2007 All households 185% Determined by HH Size*

None

California Brochure 4/24/2013 No elderly or disabled 130% Determined by HH Size*

None

Any elderly or disabled 200% Determined by HH Size*

None

Colorado Info on application

3/1/2011 No elderly or disabled 130% 100% None

Any elderly or disabled 200% 100% None

Connecticut Brochure 7/1/2009 All households 185% Determined by HH Size*

None

Delaware Info on application


None

District of Columbia

Brochure 3/15/2010 All households 200% Determined by HH Size*

None

Florida Referral information


None

Georgia Brochure 3/1/2008 No or some elderly or disabled


None

All elderly or disabled 200% Determined by HH Size*

None

Guam Brochure 1/1/2009 All households 165% Determined by HH Size*

None

Hawaii Brochure 10/1/2010 All households 200% Determined by HH Size*

None


16

Table 6 (continued)

TANF/MOE-

Funded Benefit

Effective Date



Guideline


Idaho Brochure 6/1/2011 No elderly or disabled 130% 100% $5,000 (exclude one vehicle per adult)

Any elderly or disabled None 100% $5,000 (exclude one vehicle per adult)

Illinois Brochure 3/1/2010 No elderly or disabled 130% Determined by HH Size*

None


None

Iowa Referral information


None

Kentucky Brochure 6/1/2010 No elderly or disabled 130% Determined by HH Size*

None


None

Louisiana Brochure 5/12/2010 No elderly or disabled 130% 100% None

Any elderly or disabled None 100% None

Maine Brochure 8/1/2010 All households 185% Determined by HH Size*

None

Maryland Brochure 10/1/2010 All households 200% Determined by HH Size*

None

Massachusetts Brochure 6/9/2008 Child under age 19 with caretaker, or any elderly or disabled


None

Adults age 19 to 59 only

130% 100% None

Michigan Info on application


$5,000 (exclude one vehicle plus $15,0000

combined FMV of remaining vehicles)

Minnesota Brochure 11/1/2010 All households 165% Determined by HH Size*

None

Mississippi Info on application



Montana Brochure 9/1/2010 All households 200% 100% None

Nebraska Brochure 10/1/2011 No elderly or disabled 130% 100% $25,000

Any elderly or disabled None 100% $25,000

Nevada Info on application


None

New Hampshire

Brochure 5/1/2009 Child under age 22 and specified relative


None

New Jersey Brochure 4/1/2010 All households 185% Determined by HH Size*

None

New Mexico Brochure 4/1/2010 All households 165% Determined by HH Size*

None


17

Table 6 (continued)

TANF/MOE-

Funded Benefit

Effective Date



Guideline


New York Brochure 3/1/2009 No elderly or disabled 130% Determined by HH Size*

None

Any elderly or disabled, or with dependent care expenses


None

North Carolina Brochure 7/1/2010 All households 200% Determined by HH Size*

None

North Dakota Info on application

10/1/2010 All households 200% 100% None

Ohio Referral information

10/1/2008 No elderly or disabled 130% Determined by HH Size*

None


None

Oklahoma Referral information



Oregon Brochure 12/1/2000 All households 185% Determined by HH Size*

None

Pennsylvania Brochure 6/1/2012 No elderly or disabled 160% Determined by HH Size*

$5,500 (exclude one vehicle per household)


$9,000 (exclude one vehicle per household)

Rhode Island Brochure 4/1/2009 No elderly or disabled 185% Determined by HH Size*

None


None

South Carolina Brochure 4/1/2009 No elderly or disabled 130% Determined by HH Size*

None


None

Texas Info on application


$5,000 (exclude $15,000 FMV from one vehicle per household)

Vermont Referral information


None

Virgin Islands Brochure 10/1/2013 No elderly or disabled 175% Determined by HH Size*

None


None

Washington Referral information


None

West Virginia Referral information

5/1/2013 No or some elderly or disabled


None

All elderly or disabled with no earned income


None


18

Table 6 (continued)

TANF/MOE-

Funded Benefit

Effective Date



Guideline


Wisconsin Referral information


None

* While there is no explicit net income test, in FY 2014, households with 3 to 8 persons must have a net income of less than 115% of the poverty guideline to receive a SNAP benefit greater than $0. Households with 1 or 2 persons with a net income above 100% of the poverty guideline receive the minimum SNAP benefit of $15.

V. Number and Characteristics of Households Affected By Categorical Eligibility

Based on SNAP QC Data

We used the SNAP QC data to examine the number and characteristics of SNAP households categorically eligible for SNAP benefits in FY 2011, including those that would be income ineligible for SNAP if non-cash categorical eligibility were eliminated. Because Nebraska initially implemented BBCE in FY 2012, the results reflect BBCE policies in 42 States rather than the 43 States with BBCE policies as of June 2013. We first summarize the overall number of households identified as categorically eligible through pure cash PA, BBCE, or other reasons (Table 7). Next, we present the number and percentage that would become income ineligible if non-cash BBCE were eliminated (Tables 8.1 through 8.3), and then we describe the characteristics of those households (Tables 9.1 through 12). We also present the number and percentage of categorically eligible SNAP households historically, from FY 2003 through FY 2011 (Tables 13.1 through 13.2).

Because it is not possible to determine which categorically eligible households in SNAP QC data are eligible solely through NCE programs, we focus our analysis on households eligible through BBCE policies but also make comparisons with pure cash PA households. To identify households eligible through BBCE policies that would fail the federal income tests, we apply the federal income limits to all SNAP households that are not pure cash PA but that meet State BBCE policies. Because the SNAP QC data do not include information on assets for most categorically eligible households, we cannot determine which SNAP households would fail the federal asset test.

A. Categorically Eligible Households

An estimated 20.8 million households participated in SNAP in an average month in FY 2011. Most of them (89.8 percent) were categorically eligible: 24.0 percent were traditional pure cash PA households, 65.1 percent were BBCE households that are not pure cash PA, and 0.8 percent were other categorically eligible households that are not pure cash PA and do not satisfy the State-specified BBCE criteria (Table 7). The percentage of SNAP households that satisfy the BBCE requirements in their States but did not appear to be traditional pure cash PA ranges from a high of 90.0 percent in the Virgin Islands to a low of 37.2 percent in New Hampshire. New Hampshire is the only State that restricts BBCE to households with children. California, with 50.1 percent of SNAP households meeting BBCE policies, expanded from covering only households with children to covering all households in April 2011. California and Idaho (which implemented an asset test in June 2011) are the only two States to change their BBCE policies midway through FY 2011.


19

B. Households That Would Become Income Ineligible for SNAP If Non-Cash BBCE Were Eliminated

In FY 2011, only 3.1 percent of all SNAP households and 3.4 percent of all SNAP individuals would have been income ineligible if non-cash BBCE were eliminated (Tables 8.1 and 8.2). Households that would have been income ineligible received less than 1 percent of SNAP benefits, reflecting that households failing federal income tests generally have higher incomes, and therefore lower benefits than income-eligible households (Table 8.3). Because pure cash PA households tend to have lower incomes than BBCE households, a much smaller proportion would become income ineligible (0.3 percent) if subject to SNAP income tests.

The percentage of SNAP households that would become income ineligible if BBCE were eliminated varies by State from a high of 12.2 percent in Wisconsin to a low of less than one percent in California, Georgia, Kentucky, and South Carolina (Table 9.1). The six States with the highest percentage of households that would become income ineligible (Delaware, Maine, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin) all have relatively high gross-income screens (between 185 and 200 percent of the poverty guideline) for the BBCE service conferring categorical eligibility. The States with the largest percentage of total SNAP benefits lost due to households failing the federal income tests include New Hampshire (4.6 percent), North Dakota (4.2 percent), Vermont (5.0 percent), and Wisconsin (3.7 percent) (Table 9.3). All of these States also have BBCE gross-income screens between 185 and 200 percent of the poverty screen, although New Hampshire also requires the household to have a child under age 22.

In general, households that would become income ineligible for SNAP if non-cash categorical eligibility were eliminated are more likely than other participating SNAP households to (1) have children, (2) have earned income, (3) have higher income, and (4) receive very low benefits.

Household composition. Among BBCE households that would become income ineligible for SNAP if non-cash categorical eligibility were eliminated, an estimated 54.8 percent include children, 16.2 percent include elderly individuals, and 12.8 percent include disabled nonelderly individuals (Table 10.1). Of the individuals in BBCE households estimated to become income ineligible, 74.9 percent are children (60.1 percent are school-age children), 10.1 percent are elderly individuals, and 11.2 percent are disabled nonelderly individuals (Table 10.2). In contrast to the relatively small percentage of disabled nonelderly individuals in BBCE households that would become income ineligible (11.2 percent), a large majority of individuals in income-ineligible pure cash PA households (72.9 percent) include disabled nonelderly individuals (Table 10.1). This is likely because many of these individuals are in households receiving SSI and are, therefore, categorically eligible through receipt of pure cash PA.

Income sources, poverty status, and benefit amounts. More than two-thirds of BBCE households that would become income ineligible if non-cash categorical eligibility were eliminated receive earned income (69.0 percent), and almost none receive TANF (0.1 percent), SSI (1.6 percent), or GA (0.3 percent) cash assistance (Table 10.1). Most (85.5 percent) have gross income between 131 and 185 percent of the poverty guideline, and only a small portion (4.6 percent) has gross income over 185 percent of the poverty guideline. Almost 92 percent of all benefits that would be lost if non-cash categorical eligibility were eliminated are received by households with earnings (Table 10.3). Monthly benefits of BBCE households failing the federal income tests tend to be low: 41.4 percent receive the minimum benefit, and 29.7 percent receive between the minimum and 25 percent of the maximum benefit (Table 10.1). The average benefit was only $83, compared with $281 among all SNAP households (Table 11).


20

Average income and deductions. Average income amounts are more than two times higher for BBCE households that would be income ineligible ($1,968) than for all SNAP households with positive income ($930) (Table 11). Deductions also tend to be higher for income-ineligible BBCE households ($707) than for all SNAP households ($509). Income-ineligible BBCE households are more likely to have every type of allowable deduction, and higher average amounts for earnings, dependent care, and child support deductions in comparison with all SNAP households (Table 12).

C. Growth in Percentage of Households Affected by Categorical Eligibility Over Time

The expansion in the number of States with BBCE over time means there are more households categorically eligible solely through BBCE and thus more households potentially affected by the elimination of non-cash categorical eligibility. The percentage of SNAP households that are not pure cash PA and satisfy State-specified criteria for BBCE increased from 10.6 percent in FY 2003 to 24.2 percent in FY 2008 and then to 65.1 percent in FY 2011 (Table 13.1). Although the percentage that would be income ineligible if non-cash BBCE were eliminated has remained very low over the entire period, it has increased from less than one percent of all SNAP households from FY 2003 through FY 2007, to only 3.1 percent in FY 2011 (Table 13.2).

21

Table 7. Distribution of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Categorical Eligibility Status and by State, Fiscal Year 2011

Total 20,803 18,679 89.8 4,985 24.0 13,536 65.1 158 0.8

Alabama 377 377 100.0 63 16.7 314 83.2 0 0.1Alaska* 35 10 30.0 10 27.7 0 0.0 1 2.3Arizona 456 456 100.0 62 13.6 394 86.4 0 0.0Arkansas* 205 39 18.8 34 16.3 0 0.0 5 2.5California 1,603 1,421 88.6 600 37.4 803 50.1 18 1.1Colorado (3/11)e 197 138 69.8 39 19.7 94 47.8 5 2.4Connecticut 201 200 99.6 53 26.6 146 72.8 0 0.2Delaware 61 61 100.0 14 22.5 47 77.4 0 0.1District of Columbia 76 76 100.0 26 34.2 50 65.7 0 0.1Florida 1,659 1,659 100.0 337 20.3 1321 79.6 1 0.1Georgia 781 779 99.8 90 11.6 686 87.9 3 0.3Guam 12 12 100.0 2 14.9 11 84.8 0 0.3Hawaii 79 79 100.0 25 31.5 54 68.5 0 0.0Idaho 95 95 100.0 11 11.6 84 88.4 0 0.0Illinois 852 852 100.0 150 17.6 701 82.3 1 0.2Indiana* 375 69 18.4 66 17.7 0 0.0 3 0.7Iowa (1/11)e 171 140 82.0 37 21.6 101 59.1 2 1.2Kansas* 136 34 24.6 30 21.9 0 0.0 4 2.7Kentucky 374 374 100.0 94 25.2 280 74.8 0 0.0Louisiana 381 381 100.0 70 18.4 310 81.3 1 0.3Maine 126 126 100.0 32 25.2 94 74.7 0 0.1Maryland 325 325 100.0 91 28.2 232 71.5 1 0.4Massachusetts 443 443 100.0 172 38.8 269 60.8 2 0.4Michigan 964 964 100.0 208 21.6 755 78.3 1 0.1Minnesota 243 243 100.0 106 43.4 136 55.8 2 0.8Mississippi 269 268 99.9 56 21.0 212 78.9 0 0.0Missouri* 427 129 30.1 99 23.1 0 0.0 30 7.0Montana 56 56 100.0 11 20.0 45 80.0 0 0.1Nebraska* 75 21 27.8 19 25.7 0 0.0 2 2.1Nevada 154 154 100.0 28 18.0 126 82.0 0 0.0New Hampshire 53 35 65.4 15 27.5 20 37.2 0 0.6New Jersey 367 366 99.8 142 38.6 223 60.9 1 0.3New Mexico 177 177 100.0 48 27.4 128 72.5 0 0.1New York 1,573 1,572 99.9 590 37.5 976 62.1 6 0.4See notes at end of table.

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

All Categorically Eligible Households

Broad-Based Categorically Eligible

HouseholdscOther Categorically Eligible Householdsd

Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance (PA)

Householdsb

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

AllSNAP

Households

Categorically Eligible SNAP Householdsa

Number (000s)

Row Percent

22

Table 7 (continued)

North Carolina 724 724 100.0 95 13.1 625 86.3 4 0.6North Dakota 27 27 100.0 6 20.8 21 78.3 0 0.9Ohio 837 837 100.0 215 25.7 621 74.1 2 0.2Oklahoma 267 267 100.0 54 20.3 212 79.5 1 0.2Oregon 416 416 100.0 70 16.7 342 82.3 4 1.0Pennsylvania 812 812 100.0 297 36.6 509 62.7 5 0.7Rhode Island 85 85 99.9 23 27.0 61 72.6 0 0.4South Carolina 385 385 100.0 58 15.0 328 85.0 0 0.0South Dakota* 43 13 31.1 9 20.8 0 0.0 4 10.4Tennessee* 590 138 23.3 119 20.2 0 0.0 18 3.1Texas 1,601 1,601 100.0 205 12.8 1,384 86.4 12 0.7Utah* 110 26 23.6 19 16.8 0 0.0 7 6.8Vermont 45 45 99.7 12 26.6 31 68.3 2 4.8Virgin Islands 9 9 100.0 1 10.0 8 90.0 0 0.0Virginia* 399 100 25.1 93 23.2 0 0.0 8 1.9Washington 535 535 100.0 165 30.9 370 69.1 0 0.0West Virginia 156 156 100.0 47 29.9 110 70.0 0 0.1Wisconsin 369 369 100.0 67 18.2 302 81.8 0 0.0Wyoming* 15 3 18.2 2 16.3 0 0.0 0 1.8

Note: States with an asterisk (*) did not have broad-based categorical eligibility policies in FY 2011.

eColorado and Iowa implemented BBCE policies during FY 2011 (see FY 2011 implementation dates in parentheses).

dOther categorically eligible households are those that are reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer but do not appear to betraditional pure cash PA or BBCE. It is not possible to determine using SNAP QC data which, if any, of these households are categoricallyeligible through receipt of narrow non-cash TANF/MOE-funded services.

AllSNAP

HouseholdsAll Categorically

Eligible Households



aCategorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible because they appear to be traditional pure cash public assistance (PA) or to satisfy State-specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). bTraditional Pure Cash PA households are those in which all members receive TANF, SSI, or General Assistance cash benefits. cBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.

Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance

Householdsb

Number (000s)

Row PercentState

Source: FY 2011 SNAP QC datafile

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent


Number (000s)

Row Percent

23

Table 8.1. Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011

Total Households 20,803 18,679 753 3.6 4,985 62 0.3 13,536 637 3.1 158 53 0.3

Households in States With:Broad-Based Policiese 18,395 18,098 746 4.1 4,486 60 0.3 13,536 637 3.5 76 50 0.3Narrow Policies Onlyf 2,019 509 6 0.3 430 3 0.1 0 0 0.0 79 4 0.2No Broad-Based or Narrow Policiesg 389 72 0 0.0 69 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 3 0 0.0

gIn FY 2011, 2 States reported having no narrow or broad-based programs conferring categorical eligibility (Indiana and Wyoming).

fIn FY 2011, 9 States reported having only narrow policies conferring categorical eligibility (Alaska, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, and Virginia).

Households Failing a SNAP Income TestTotal

Households Failing a SNAP Income Test



Row Percent

Source: FY 2011 SNAP QC datafileaCategorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible because they appear to be traditional pure cash public assistance (PA) or to satisfy State-specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). bTraditional Pure Cash PA households are those in which all members receive TANF, SSI, or General Assistance cash benefits. cBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.dOther categorically eligible households are those that are reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer but do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA or BBCE. It is notpossible to determine using SNAP QC data which, if any, of these households are categorically eligible through receipt of narrow non-cash TANF/MOE-funded services.

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Row Percent

eIn FY 2011, 42 States had broad-based policies conferring categorical eligibility. Note that Colorado and Iowa implemented BBCE policies during FY 2011. In these states, householdsthat were sampled before the broad-based policies were implemented are included in the count of total households in the state. Thus the total number of households in states with broad-based policies may be slightly overestimated.

All SNAP Households Total Total Total



Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance Householdsb

Broad-Based Categorically Eligible Householdsc

Other Categorically Eligible Householdsd

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

24

Table 8.2. Individuals in Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011

Total Individuals 44,148 39,544 1,738 3.9 8,221 142 0.3 30,944 1,498 3.4 379 98 0.2

Individuals in States With:Broad-Based Policiese 38,841 38,393 1,723 4.4 7,316 137 0.4 30,944 1,498 3.9 133 88 0.2Narrow Policies Onlyf 4,408 1,022 15 0.3 785 5 0.1 0 0 0.0 237 10 0.2No Broad-Based or Narrow Policiesg 900 129 0 0.0 120 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 9 0 0.0


Individuals in Categorically Eligible SNAP Householdsa





AllSNAP

Individuals Total




Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Source: FY 2011 SNAP QC datafileaCategorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible because they appear to be traditional pure cash public assistance (PA) or to satisfy State-specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). bTraditional Pure Cash PA households are those in which all members receive TANF, SSI, or General Assistance cash benefits.

eIn FY 2011, 42 States had broad-based policies conferring categorical eligibility. Note that Colorado and Iowa implemented BBCE policies during FY 2011. In these states, householdsthat were sampled before the broad-based policies were implemented are included in the count of total households in the state. Thus the total number of households in states with broad-based policies may be slightly overestimated.fIn FY 2011, 9 States reported having only narrow policies conferring categorical eligibility (Alaska, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, and Virginia).

Households Failing a SNAP Income TestTotal Total Total

dOther categorically eligible households are those that are reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer but do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA or BBCE. It is notpossible to determine using SNAP QC data which, if any, of these households are categorically eligible through receipt of narrow non-cash TANF/MOE-funded services.

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

cBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

25

Table 8.3. Benefits to Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011

Total Benefits 5,838,193 5,231,862 56,475 1.0 1,123,147 2,036 0.0 4,069,506 52,603 0.9 39,209 1,836 0.0

Benefits to Households in States With:

Broad-Based Policiese 5,157,684 5,091,705 56,027 1.1 1,014,790 1,971 0.0 4,069,506 52,603 1.0 7,408 1,453 0.0Narrow Policies Onlyf 563,075 123,327 448 0.1 92,951 65 0.0 0 0 0.0 30,376 383 0.1No Broad-Based or Narrow Policiesg 117,435 16,830 0 0.0 15,406 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 1,424 0 0.0


fIn FY 2011, 9 States reported having only narrow policies conferring categorical eligibility (Alaska, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, and Virginia).

Benefits to Categorically Eligible SNAP Householdsa





Total SNAP Benefits Total




Amount (000s)

eIn FY 2011, 42 States had broad-based policies conferring categorical eligibility. Note that Colorado and Iowa implemented BBCE policies during FY 2011. In these states, households thatwere sampled before the broad-based policies were implemented are included in the count of total households in the state. Thus the total number of households in states with broad-basedpolicies may be slightly overestimated.

bTraditional Pure Cash PA households are those in which all members receive TANF, SSI, or General Assistance cash benefits. cBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.dOther categorically eligible households are those that are reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer but do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA or BBCE. It is notpossible to determine using SNAP QC data which, if any, of these households are categorically eligible through receipt of narrow non-cash TANF/MOE-funded services.

Amount (000s)

Row Percent

Amount (000s)

Row Percent


Amount (000s)

Amount (000s)

Row Percent

Amount (000s)

Row Percent

aCategorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible because they appear to be traditional pure cash public assistance (PA) or to satisfy State-specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE).

Amount (000s)

Total Total TotalAmount (000s)

Amount (000s)


26

Table 9.1. Distribution of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility Status, Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by State, Fiscal Year 2011

Total 20,803 18,679 89.8 13,536 65.1 637 4.7 3.1

Alabama 377 377 100.0 314 83.2 - - - Alaska* 35 10 30.0 - - - - - Arizona 456 456 100.0 394 86.4 27 6.9 5.9 Arkansas* 205 39 18.8 - - - - - California 1,603 1,421 88.6 803 50.1 1 0.2 0.1 Colorado (3/11) 197 138 69.8 94 47.8 - - - Connecticut 201 200 99.6 146 72.8 11 7.3 5.3 Delaware 61 61 100.0 47 77.4 5 11.2 8.7 District of Columbia 76 76 100.0 50 65.7 2 4.8 3.1 Florida 1,659 1,659 100.0 1,321 79.6 43 3.3 2.6 Georgia 781 779 99.8 686 87.9 7 1.0 0.8 Guam 12 12 100.0 11 84.8 1 5.6 4.8 Hawaii 79 79 100.0 54 68.5 1 2.3 1.5 Idaho 95 95 100.0 84 88.4 - - - Illinois 852 852 100.0 701 82.3 10 1.4 1.2 Indiana* 375 69 18.4 - - - - - Iowa (1/11) 171 140 82.0 101 59.1 4 4.2 2.5 Kansas* 136 34 24.6 - - - - - Kentucky 374 374 100.0 280 74.8 0 0.0 0.0 Louisiana 381 381 100.0 310 81.3 - - - Maine 126 126 100.0 94 74.7 10 11.0 8.2 Maryland 325 325 100.0 232 71.5 23 10.1 7.2 Massachusetts 443 443 100.0 269 60.8 23 8.7 5.3 Michigan 964 964 100.0 755 78.3 75 10.0 7.8 Minnesota 243 243 100.0 136 55.8 10 7.4 4.1 Mississippi 269 268 99.9 212 78.9 - - - Missouri* 427 129 30.1 - - - - - Montana 56 56 100.0 45 80.0 2 3.9 3.1 Nebraska* 75 21 27.8 - - - - - Nevada 154 154 100.0 126 82.0 11 8.5 7.0 New Hampshire 53 35 65.4 20 37.2 4 18.3 6.8 New Jersey 367 366 99.8 223 60.9 17 7.7 4.7 New Mexico 177 177 100.0 128 72.5 4 3.2 2.3 New York 1,573 1,572 99.9 976 62.1 24 2.5 1.5 See notes at end of table.

Number (000s)

Row Percent (of all BBCE

Households)Row Percent (of All Households)

Number (000s) Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

All SNAP Households



Broad-Based Categorically Eligible Householdsb

All Households Failing a SNAP Income Test

Number (000s)

27

Table 9.1 (continued)

North Carolina 724 724 100.0 625 86.3 52 8.3 7.2 North Dakota 27 27 100.0 21 78.3 2 9.4 7.4 Ohio 837 837 100.0 621 74.1 16 2.6 1.9 Oklahoma 267 267 100.0 212 79.5 - - - Oregon 416 416 100.0 342 82.3 37 10.9 8.9 Pennsylvania 812 812 100.0 509 62.7 36 7.1 4.5 Rhode Island 85 85 99.9 61 72.6 5 8.2 5.9 South Carolina 385 385 100.0 328 85.0 2 0.6 0.5 South Dakota* 43 13 31.1 - - - - - Tennessee* 590 138 23.3 - - - - - Texas 1,601 1,601 100.0 1,384 86.4 74 5.4 4.6 Utah* 110 26 23.6 - - - - - Vermont 45 45 99.7 32 71.7 5 15.3 10.9 Virgin Islands 9 9 100.0 8 90.0 0 2.7 2.4 Virginia* 399 100 25.1 - - - - - Washington 535 535 100.0 370 69.1 44 11.8 8.2 West Virginia 156 156 100.0 109 69.4 2 1.9 1.3 Wisconsin 369 369 100.0 302 81.8 45 14.9 12.2 Wyoming* 15 3 18.2 - - - - -



Number (000s)

Number (000s) Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

cColorado and Iowa implemented BBCE policies during FY 2011 (see FY 2011 implementation dates in parentheses).

Number (000s)

Row Percent (of all BBCE

Households)Row Percent (of All Households)


a Categorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible after being identified as pure cash PA, or as meeting state specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). bBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.

All SNAP Households



Broad-Based Categorically Eligible Householdsb

All

28

Table 9.2. Distribution of Individuals in Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility Status, Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by State, Fiscal Year 2011

Total 44,148 39,544 89.6 30,944 70.1 1,498 4.8 3.4

Alabama 855 855 100.0 761 89.0 - - - Alaska* 86 21 24.7 - - - - - Arizona 1,049 1,049 100.0 939 89.6 60 6.4 5.7 Arkansas* 474 56 11.8 - - - - - California 3,656 3,459 94.6 2,036 55.7 3 0.1 0.1 Colorado (3/11) 447 298 66.7 236 52.8 - - - Connecticut 369 368 99.7 281 76.3 23 8.1 6.2 Delaware 133 133 100.0 109 81.7 12 11.1 9.1 District of Columbia 134 134 100.0 78 58.1 3 4.4 2.5 Florida 3,075 3,075 100.0 2,585 84.1 96 3.7 3.1 Georgia 1,760 1,753 99.6 1,616 91.8 10 0.6 0.6 Guam 40 40 100.0 35 89.3 2 5.7 5.1 Hawaii 158 158 100.0 118 74.5 4 3.6 2.7 Idaho 226 226 100.0 212 93.9 - - - Illinois 1,780 1,780 100.0 1,554 87.3 20 1.3 1.1 Indiana* 865 124 14.4 - - - - - Iowa (1/11) 371 301 81.3 226 61.1 10 4.6 2.8 Kansas* 294 60 20.4 - - - - - Kentucky 811 811 100.0 666 82.1 0 0.0 0.0 Louisiana 870 870 100.0 775 89.1 - - - Maine 246 246 100.0 188 76.4 28 15.0 11.5 Maryland 661 661 100.0 516 78.1 69 13.3 10.4 Massachusetts 807 807 100.0 536 66.4 66 12.3 8.2 Michigan 1,924 1,924 100.0 1,583 82.2 151 9.6 7.9 Minnesota 498 498 100.0 323 64.9 28 8.5 5.5 Mississippi 613 613 100.0 534 87.1 - - - Missouri* 930 280 30.1 - - - - - Montana 123 123 100.0 104 84.9 4 3.7 3.2 Nebraska* 171 40 23.6 - - - - - Nevada 328 328 100.0 281 85.6 22 7.9 6.8 New Hampshire 112 92 82.1 67 60.0 13 18.6 11.2 New Jersey 749 748 99.8 525 70.0 36 6.9 4.8 New Mexico 410 410 100.0 313 76.4 11 3.4 2.6 New York 2,957 2,954 99.9 2,205 74.6 50 2.2 1.7 See notes at end of table.

Row Percent (of All Households)

Individuals in All SNAP

Households



In Broad-Based Categorically Eligible Householdsc

All In Households Failing a SNAP Income Test

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent (of all BBCE Households)

29


North Carolina 1,564 1,564 100.0 1,410 90.1 132 9.4 8.4 North Dakota 60 60 100.0 50 83.5 5 9.4 7.9 Ohio 1,760 1,760 100.0 1,405 79.8 26 1.9 1.5 Oklahoma 605 605 100.0 535 88.4 - - - Oregon 762 762 100.0 638 83.8 84 13.2 11.0 Pennsylvania 1,707 1,707 100.0 1,261 73.9 87 6.9 5.1 Rhode Island 156 156 100.0 119 76.6 10 8.6 6.6 South Carolina 834 834 100.0 736 88.3 4 0.6 0.5 South Dakota* 100 31 30.4 - - - - - Tennessee* 1,231 290 23.6 - - - - - Texas 3,947 3,947 100.0 3,580 90.7 186 5.2 4.7 Utah* 280 55 19.7 - - - - - Vermont 89 89 99.8 64 71.7 13 21.0 15.1 Virgin Islands 22 22 100.0 20 92.4 0 1.6 1.5 Virginia* 843 189 22.4 - - - - - Washington 1,040 1,040 100.0 783 75.3 113 14.4 10.8 West Virginia 336 336 100.0 261 77.7 5 1.8 1.4 Wisconsin 798 798 100.0 678 85.0 112 16.5 14.1 Wyoming* 34 5 13.4 - - - - -


All In Households Failing a SNAP Income Test

Number (000s)

Number (000s)

Row Percent

a Categorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible after being identified as pure cash PA, or as meeting state specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). bBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.cColorado and Iowa implemented BBCE policies during FY 2011 (see FY 2011 implementation dates in parentheses).

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)


Row Percent (of All Households)


Individuals in All SNAP

Households



In Broad-Based Categorically Eligible Householdsc

30

Table 9.3. Distribution of Benefits to Categorically Eligible SNAP Households by Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility Status, Whether They Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, and by State, Fiscal Year 2011

Total 5,838,193 5,231,862 89.6 4,069,506 69.7 52,603 1.3 0.9

Alabama 110,705 110,705 100.0 100,243 90.5 - - - Alaska* 14,657 2,829 19.3 - - - - - Arizona 133,408 133,408 100.0 119,532 89.6 2,193 1.8 1.6 Arkansas* 57,925 5,253 9.1 - - - - - California 538,308 505,250 93.9 291,044 54.1 23 0.0 0.0 Colorado (3/11) 62,368 41,654 66.8 33,476 53.7 - - - Connecticut 51,690 51,650 99.9 38,102 73.7 780 2.0 1.5 Delaware 16,852 16,852 100.0 13,460 79.9 498 3.7 3.0 District of Columbia 18,963 18,963 100.0 11,063 58.3 83 0.7 0.4 Florida 427,056 427,056 100.0 361,097 84.6 4,622 1.3 1.1 Georgia 237,574 237,113 99.8 222,853 93.8 104 0.0 0.0 Guam 8,510 8,510 100.0 7,453 87.6 226 3.0 2.7 Hawaii 33,796 33,796 100.0 25,249 74.7 492 2.0 1.5 Idaho 29,722 29,722 100.0 28,054 94.4 - - - Illinois 245,626 245,626 100.0 217,605 88.6 365 0.2 0.1 Indiana* 113,257 16,316 14.4 - - - - - Iowa (1/11) 45,839 37,169 81.1 27,533 60.1 291 1.1 0.6 Kansas* 36,725 7,782 21.2 - - - - - Kentucky 101,507 101,507 100.0 86,759 85.5 5 0.0 0.0 Louisiana 111,590 111,590 100.0 101,659 91.1 - - - Maine 31,141 31,141 100.0 22,508 72.3 1,042 4.6 3.3 Maryland 82,359 82,359 100.0 64,428 78.2 2,986 4.6 3.6 Massachusetts 103,921 103,921 100.0 66,766 64.2 2,533 3.8 2.4 Michigan 258,634 258,634 100.0 204,799 79.2 5,264 2.6 2.0 Minnesota 56,445 56,445 100.0 34,454 61.0 693 2.0 1.2 Mississippi 75,018 75,014 100.0 67,406 89.9 - - - Missouri* 115,516 33,952 29.4 - - - - - Montana 15,839 15,839 100.0 13,518 85.3 227 1.7 1.4 Nebraska* 20,931 5,212 24.9 - - - - - Nevada 40,372 40,372 100.0 34,623 85.8 640 1.8 1.6 New Hampshire 13,129 10,299 78.4 7,263 55.3 602 8.3 4.6 New Jersey 97,886 97,807 99.9 63,796 65.2 1,072 1.7 1.1 New Mexico 51,223 51,223 100.0 38,774 75.7 401 1.0 0.8 New York 431,537 431,419 100.0 307,739 71.3 1,680 0.5 0.4 See notes at end of table.

Row Percent

Amount (000s)


Row Percent (of All

Households)

Benefits to All SNAP

Households





Amount (000s)

Amount (000s)

Row Percent

Amount (000s)

31


North Carolina 191,743 191,743 100.0 177,280 92.5 3,492 2.0 1.8 North Dakota 7,679 7,679 100.0 6,325 82.4 322 5.1 4.2 Ohio 243,442 243,442 100.0 194,531 79.9 385 0.2 0.2 Oklahoma 77,198 77,198 100.0 69,586 90.1 - - - Oregon 95,834 95,834 100.0 78,798 82.2 2,658 3.4 2.8 Pennsylvania 215,989 215,989 100.0 152,380 70.6 3,240 2.1 1.5 Rhode Island 21,450 21,450 100.0 15,933 74.3 447 2.8 2.1 South Carolina 108,651 108,651 100.0 97,918 90.1 77 0.1 0.1 South Dakota* 13,374 4,056 30.3 - - - - - Tennessee* 162,976 35,797 22.0 - - - - - Texas 489,158 489,158 100.0 453,231 92.7 7,390 1.6 1.5 Utah* 32,978 6,092 18.5 - - - - - Vermont 10,620 10,613 99.9 7,136 67.2 529 7.4 5.0 Virgin Islands 3,924 3,924 100.0 3,585 91.4 9 0.3 0.2 Virginia* 107,992 22,354 20.7 - - - - - Washington 129,797 129,797 100.0 91,854 70.8 3,782 4.1 2.9 West Virginia 39,626 39,626 100.0 31,742 80.1 61 0.2 0.2 Wisconsin 91,555 91,555 100.0 77,952 85.1 3,388 4.3 3.7 Wyoming* 4,178 514 12.3 - - - - -


Amount (000s)

Amount (000s)

Row Percent

a Categorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible after being identified as pure cash PA, or as meeting state specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). bBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.cColorado and Iowa implemented BBCE policies during FY 2011 (see FY 2011 implementation dates in parentheses). In these states, households that were sampled before the broad-based policies were implemented are included in the count of total households in the state. Thus the total number of households in states with broad-based policies may be slightly overestimated.

Amount (000s)

Row Percent

Amount (000s)


Row Percent (of All

Households)


Benefits to All SNAP

Households





32

Table 10.1. Characteristics of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011

Total Households 20,803 100.0 753 100.0 62 100.0 637 100.0 53 100.0

Household CompositionHouseholds With:

Children 9,794 47.1 393 52.3 26 41.6 349 54.8 19 34.8Under Age 5 5,153 24.8 181 24.0 6 9.7 166 26.0 9 17.0Age 5-17 7,304 35.1 299 39.7 22 35.1 265 41.6 12 22.0

Elderly Individuals 3,426 16.5 138 18.4 19 29.6 103 16.2 16 30.6Disabled Nonelderly Individualse 4,199 20.2 132 17.6 44 70.2 82 12.8 7 12.7Single Adults with Children 5,732 27.6 229 30.4 17 26.5 203 31.8 9 17.5Noncitizensf 1,214 5.8 42 5.6 2 2.5 38 5.9 3 6.1Citizen Children Living with Adult Noncitizensg 1,754 8.4 45 6.0 1 1.2 43 6.7 2 3.4

Countable Income Source and AssetsHouseholds With:

Earned Income 6,351 30.5 500 66.4 23 37.4 439 69.0 37 69.4Unearned Income 12,487 60.0 432 57.3 62 100.0 336 52.8 33 61.6TANF Income 1,591 7.6 15 2.0 14 23.1 1 0.1 0 0.6GA Income 844 4.1 6 0.8 4 6.9 2 0.3 0 0.0SSI 4,195 20.2 63 8.4 53 84.4 10 1.6 0 0.6Social Security Income 4,660 22.4 229 30.4 33 53.0 173 27.2 23 42.2Countable Assets 1,220 5.9 41 5.4 2 3.3 32 5.1 6 12.0

Gross Income as Percent of Poverty LevelAt or Below 100% of Poverty 17,342 83.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

No income 4,151 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.01-50 percent 4,719 22.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.051-100 percent 8,472 40.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Above 100% of Poverty Level 3,461 16.6 753 100.0 62 100.0 637 100.0 53 100.0101-130 percent 2,474 11.9 85 11.3 21 33.7 63 9.9 1 1.4131-185 percent 904 4.3 598 79.5 34 54.0 545 85.5 20 37.4186-200 percent 43 0.2 37 5.0 2 3.8 29 4.6 6 10.8201+ percent 40 0.2 32 4.3 5 8.5 0 0.0 27 50.4

See notes at end of table.

All SNAP Households

Categorically Eligible SNAP Households That Would Fail SNAP Income Tests a



Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent


Householdsb


Householdsc

33


Household Size1 10,125 48.7 242 32.1 11 17.5 209 32.8 22 40.82 4,119 19.8 263 35.0 36 57.6 202 31.8 25 47.03+ 6,560 31.5 248 32.9 16 24.9 226 35.4 7 12.2

Metropolitan StatusUrban 18,929 91.0 695 92.3 57 91.7 587 92.3 50 94.1Rural 1,557 7.5 45 5.9 4 7.2 38 5.9 2 4.3

Monthly Benefit as a Percent of MaximumMinimum 881 4.2 351 46.7 46 73.9 263 41.4 42 78.60-24 percenth 1,011 4.9 211 28.1 15 23.7 189 29.7 7 14.025-50 percent 2,845 13.7 158 20.9 1 2.1 153 24.0 3 6.351-75 percent 3,551 17.1 27 3.6 0 0.4 26 4.1 0 0.676-99 percent 4,020 19.3 2 0.3 0 0.0 2 0.3 0 0.4Maximum 8,495 40.8 3 0.4 0 0.0 3 0.4 0 0.0


dOther categorically eligible households are those that are reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer but do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA or BBCE. It is not possible to determine using SNAP QC data which, if any, of these households are categorically eligible through receipt of narrow non-cash TANF/MOE-funded services.

fNoncitizens who are eligible and participating. They do not include those who are outside the SNAP unit but reside in the same household.gCitizen children living in a household with a noncitizen adult, regardless of SNAP participation or eligibility status of the adult.

eUnits with disabled nonelderly individuals are those with either (1) nonelderly SSI-recipients, (2) medical expense deduction and no elderly individuals, or (3) nonelderly individuals who do not appear to be working and who are receiving Social Security, veteran's benefits, or worker's compensation. We recommend caution when using this row with the understanding that it probably undercounts the number of units with disabled individuals.

hUnits receiving the minimum benefit are excluded from this row.

Categorically Eligible SNAP Households That Would Fail SNAP Income Testsa



Householdsb



Column Percent

All SNAP Households


bTraditional Pure Cash PA households are those in which all members receive TANF, SSI, or General Assistance cash benefits. cBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

34

Table 10.2. Characteristics of Individuals in Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011

Total Individuals 44,148 100.0 1,738 100 142 100.0 1,498 100.0 98 100.0

Household CompositionIndividuals in Households With:

Children 31,603 71.6 1,249 71.9 79 55.6 1,122 74.9 49 49.4Under Age 5 17,373 39.4 599 34.5 18 12.9 558 37.2 23 23.8Age 5-17 25,407 57.5 1,001 57.6 70 49.4 900 60.1 31 32.0

Elderly Individuals 4,362 9.9 211 12.1 35 24.4 151 10.1 25 25.6Disabled Nonelderly Individualse 8,326 18.9 283 16.3 104 72.9 168 11.2 12 11.9Single Adults with Children 16,981 38.5 586 33.7 40 28.3 524 35.0 22 22.1Noncitizensf 3,223 7.3 115 6.6 3 2.3 106 7.1 6 6.2Citizen Children Living with Adult Noncitizensg 4,882 11.1 141 8.1 1 1.1 137 9.2 2 1.9

Countable Income Source and AssetsIndiviudals in Households With:

Earned Income 18,210 41.2 1,324 76.2 50 35.1 1,203 80.3 70 71.7Unearned Income 26,427 59.9 909 52.3 142 100.0 704 47.0 63 64.1TANF Income 4,822 10.9 47 2.7 43 30.5 3 0.2 1 0.9GA Income 1,304 3.0 13 0.7 8 5.8 5 0.3 0 0.0SSI 7,684 17.4 169 9.7 119 83.7 48 3.2 2 1.9Social Security Income 7,400 16.8 390 22.4 69 48.4 283 18.9 38 38.3Countable Assets 3,044 6.9 97 5.6 4 2.8 80 5.4 13 12.8

Gross Income as Percent of Poverty LevelAt or Below 100% of Poverty 36,234 82.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

No income 6,537 14.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.01-50 percent 12,229 27.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.051-100 percent 17,468 39.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Above 100% of Poverty Level 7,914 17.9 1,738 100.0 142 100.0 1,498 100.0 98 100.0101-130 percent 5,910 13.4 196 11.3 59 41.8 135 9.0 2 1.7131-185 percent 1,874 4.2 1,429 82.2 69 48.8 1,313 87.6 47 48.2186-200 percent 70 0.2 62 3.6 5 3.4 50 3.3 8 7.7201+ percent 60 0.1 50 2.9 8 6.0 0 0.0 42 42.4



Householdsb


HouseholdscAll SNAP Individuals

Individuals in Categorically Eligible SNAP Households That Would Fail SNAP Income Tests a



Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

35


Household Size1 10,125 22.9 242 13.9 11 7.7 209 13.9 22 22.22 8,238 18.7 527 30.3 72 50.7 405 27.0 50 51.23+ 25,786 58.4 969 55.8 59 41.6 884 59.0 26 26.6

Metropolitan StatusUrban 40,164 91.0 1,614 92.9 132 92.7 1,393 93.0 90 91.6Rural 3,443 7.8 107 6.2 9 6.6 92 6.1 6 6.1

Monthly Benefit as a Percent of MaximumMinimum 1,066 2.4 511 29.4 82 57.4 367 24.5 63 64.40-24 percenth 2,008 4.5 720 41.5 57 40.0 639 42.7 25 25.225-50 percent 6,631 15.0 427 24.6 3 2.4 415 27.7 9 9.451-75 percent 9,259 21.0 69 4.0 0 0.2 69 4.6 1 0.776-99 percent 10,530 23.9 4 0.2 0 0.0 4 0.3 0 0.2Maximum 14,654 33.2 5 0.3 0 0.0 5 0.3 0 0.0


Householdsb


Householdsc

dOther categorically eligible households are those that are reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer but do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA or BBCE. It is not possible to determine using SNAP QC data which, if any, of these households are categorically eligible through receipt of narrow non-cash TANF/MOE-funded services. eUnits with disabled nonelderly individuals are those with either (1) nonelderly SSI-recipients, (2) medical expense deduction and no elderly individuals, or (3) nonelderly individuals who do not appear to be working and who are receiving Social Security, veteran's benefits, or worker's compensation. We recommend caution when using this row with the understanding that it probably undercounts the number of units with disabled individuals.fNoncitizens who are eligible and participating. They do not include those who are outside the SNAP unit but reside in the same household.gCitizen children living in a household with a noncitizen adult, regardless of SNAP participation or eligibility status of the adult.hUnits receiving the minimum benefit are excluded from this row.

Number (000s)

Column Percent



Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

Number (000s)

Column Percent

All SNAP Individuals

Individuals in Categorically Eligible SNAP Households That Would Fail SNAP Income Tests a



36

Table 10.3. Benefits to Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011

Total Benefits $5,838,193 100.0 $56,475 100 $2,036 100.0 $52,603 100.0 $1,836 100.0

Household CompositionHouseholds With:

Children 4,040,573 69.2 46,663 82.6 1,428 70.1 44,041 83.7 1,194 65.0Under Age 5 2,279,563 39.0 25,373 44.9 407 20.0 24,344 46.3 622 33.9Age 5-17 3,163,503 54.2 35,686 63.2 1,272 62.4 33,605 63.9 809 44.1

Elderly Individuals 494,729 8.5 2,351 4.2 323 15.9 1,763 3.4 264 14.4Disabled Nonelderly Individualse 924,331 15.8 3,755 6.6 1,397 68.6 2,228 4.2 129 7.0Single Adults with Children 2,274,582 39.0 24,494 43.4 571 28.0 23,391 44.5 532 29.0Noncitizensf 407,427 7.0 3,594 6.4 34 1.7 3,425 6.5 135 7.3Citizen Children Living with Adult Noncitizensg 665,174 11.4 4,924 8.7 42 2.0 4,853 9.2 29 1.6

Countable Income Source and AssetsHouseholds With:

Earned Income 2,094,236 35.9 50,597 89.6 799 39.3 48,294 91.8 1,504 81.9Unearned Income 3,246,833 55.6 20,857 36.9 2,036 100.0 17,841 33.9 980 53.4TANF Income 679,824 11.6 1,022 1.8 917 45.0 98 0.2 8 0.4GA Income 199,236 3.4 142 0.3 70 3.5 72 0.1 0 0.0SSI 905,380 15.5 2,418 4.3 1,539 75.6 854 1.6 26 1.4Social Security Income 756,317 13.0 5,271 9.3 790 38.8 4,101 7.8 381 20.7Countable Assets 337,063 5.8 3,256 5.8 36 1.8 3,117 5.9 103 5.6

Gross Income as Percent of Poverty LevelAt or Below 100% of Poverty 5,337,310 91.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

No income 1,213,141 20.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.01-50 percent 2,005,435 34.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.051-100 percent 2,118,733 36.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Above 100% of Poverty Level 500,884 8.6 56,475 100.0 2,036 100.0 52,603 100.0 1,836 100.0101-130 percent 419,996 7.2 4,216 7.5 970 47.6 3,205 6.1 41 2.2131-185 percent 78,179 1.3 50,540 89.5 943 46.3 48,365 91.9 1,232 67.1186-200 percent 1,643 0.0 1,177 2.1 38 1.9 1,032 2.0 107 5.8201+ percent 1,065 0.0 542 1.0 85 4.2 0 0.0 457 24.9



Householdsb


HouseholdscBenefits to All SNAP

Households

Benefits to Categorically Eligible SNAP Households That Would Fail SNAP Income Tests a



Dollars (000)

Column Percent

Dollars (000)

Column Percent

Dollars (000)

Column Percent

Dollars (000)

Column Percent

Dollars (000)

Column Percent

37


Household Size1 1,547,218 26.5 6,086 10.8 195 9.6 5,457 10.4 434 23.62 1,120,627 19.2 14,707 26.0 626 30.7 13,416 25.5 665 36.23+ 3,170,348 54.3 35,682 63.2 1,215 59.7 33,730 64.1 737 40.1

Metropolitan StatusUrban 5,339,505 91.5 52,660 93.2 1,936 95.1 49,070 93.3 1,654 90.1Rural 431,762 7.4 3,423 6.1 89 4.3 3,182 6.0 153 8.3

Monthly Benefit as a Percent of MaximumMinimum 14,109 0.2 5,626 10.0 738 36.2 4,215 8.0 673 36.60-24 percenth 59,757 1.0 16,472 29.2 1,057 51.9 14,876 28.3 539 29.425-50 percent 450,005 7.7 25,451 45.1 217 10.7 24,718 47.0 516 28.151-75 percent 1,024,419 17.5 7,342 13.0 24 1.2 7,245 13.8 73 4.076-99 percent 1,604,777 27.5 636 1.1 0 0.0 601 1.1 35 1.9Maximum 2,685,125 46.0 948 1.7 0 0.0 948 1.8 0 0.0


Householdsb


Householdsc

dOther categorically eligible households are those that are reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer but do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA or BBCE. It is not possible to determine using SNAP QC data which, if any, of these households are categorically eligible through receipt of narrow non-cash TANF/MOE-funded services. eUnits with disabled nonelderly individuals are those with either (1) nonelderly SSI-recipients, (2) medical expense deduction and no elderly individuals, or (3) nonelderly individuals who do not appear to be working and who are receiving Social Security, veteran's benefits, or worker's compensation. We recommend caution when using this row with the understanding that it probably undercounts the number of units with disabled individuals.fNoncitizens who are eligible and participating. They do not include those who are outside the SNAP unit but reside in the same household.gCitizen children living in a household with a noncitizen adult, regardless of SNAP participation or eligibility status of the adult.hUnits receiving the minimum benefit are excluded from this row.

Dollars (000)

Column Percent



Dollars (000)

Column Percent

Dollars (000)

Column Percent

Dollars (000)

Column Percent

Dollars (000)

Column Percent

All SNAP Households

Benefits to Categorically Eligible SNAP Households That Would Fail SNAP Income Tests a



38

Table 11. Average SNAP Benefits, Income and Deduction Amounts, Household Size, and Certification Period of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that Would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011

SNAP Benefit 281 75 33 83 34

SNAP Benefit (Excluding Minimum) 292 127 80 130 102

Gross Income 744 1,983 1,883 1,968 2,276Gross Income (When Positive) 930 1,983 1,883 1,968 2,276

Net Income 338 1,311 1,552 1,261 1,629Net Income (When Positive) 568 1,316 1,552 1,266 1,629

Income By Type (When Positive)Earned Income 1,022 1,897 1,347 1,934 1,804Unearned Income 720 1,262 1,379 1,201 1,662TANF Income 396 458 456 533 389GA Income 235 405 121 1,027 .SSI 554 793 797 794 215SSI or GA Income 523 777 768 838 215Social Security Income 760 1,198 798 1,263 1,284Child Support Income 337 410 365 402 604

Deductions 508 672 331 707 647Deductions (When Positive) 509 672 331 707 647

SNAP Household Size 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 1.8

SNAP Certification Period 12 11 14 11 10



AverageValue ($)

cBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.dOther categorically eligible households are those that are reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer but do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA or BBCE. It is not possible to determine using SNAP QC data which, if any, of these households are categorically eligible through receipt of narrow non-cash TANF/MOE-funded services.

AverageValue ($)

AverageValue ($)

bTraditional Pure Cash PA households are those in which all members receive TANF, SSI, or General Assistance cash benefits.

Average Values

All SNAP Households

Categorically Eligible SNAP Households That Would Fail SNAP Income Testsa




Householdsb


Householdsc

AverageValue ($)

AverageValue ($)

39

Table 12. Deductions of Categorically Eligible SNAP Households that would Fail SNAP Income Tests if Subject to Them, By Categorical Eligibility Status, Fiscal Year 2011

Total Deductions 97.6 $509 100.0 $672 100.0 $331 100.0 $707 100.0 $647

Earned Income Deduction 30.5 205 66.4 379 37.4 269 69.0 387 69.4 360

Excess Shelter Deduction 71.8 376 69.8 288 41.5 162 74.0 295 53.0 281Shelter Expense 81.8 734 97.6 953 98.1 755 97.7 975 95.2 919

Dependent Care Deduction 3.9 223 13.8 302 2.1 132 15.6 303 5.8 320

Medical Deduction 4.4 141 12.6 115 14.4 87 11.5 111 23.0 161

Child Support Expense Deduction 2.0 245 4.4 361 1.8 142 3.9 377 14.1 341

Percent With

Deduction

Average Amount of Deductione

Source: FY 2011 SNAP QC datafileaCategorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible because they appear to be traditional pure cash public assistance (PA) or to satisfy State-specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). bTraditional Pure Cash PA households are those in which all members receive TANF, SSI, or General Assistance cash benefits. cBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.

Percent With

Deduction


Percent With

Deduction


eAverage deduction amounts are over households with the deduction.


All SNAP Households

Categorically Eligible SNAP Households That Would Fail SNAP Income Tests a



Percent With

Deduction


Percent With

Deduction



Householdsb


Householdsc

40

Table 13.1. Categorically Eligible SNAP Households By Categorical Eligibility Status and Fiscal Year

FY 2003 8,971 100.0 4,843 54.0 3,365 37.5 952 10.6 582 6.5

FY 2004 10,069 100.0 5,472 54.3 3,657 36.3 1,290 12.8 576 5.7

FY 2005 10,852 100.0 5,770 53.2 3,760 34.6 1,591 14.7 420 3.9

FY 2006 11,313 100.0 5,918 52.3 3,803 33.6 1,732 15.3 383 3.4

FY 2007 11,561 100.0 6,018 52.1 3,843 33.2 1,840 15.9 334 2.9

FY 2008 12,464 100.0 7,150 57.4 3,782 30.3 3,022 24.2 346 2.8

FY 2009 14,981 100.0 9,872 65.9 4,163 27.8 5,430 36.2 279 1.9

FY 2010 18,369 100.0 13,824 75.3 4,403 24.0 9,119 49.6 302 1.6

FY 2011 20,803 100.0 18,679 89.8 4,985 24.0 13,536 65.1 158 0.8

All SNAP Households



Column Percent


Householdsb


Householdsc

cBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.

aCategorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible because they appear to be traditional pure cash public assistance (PA) or to satisfy State-specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). bTraditional Pure Cash PA households are those in which all members receive TANF, SSI, or General Assistance cash benefits.



Source: SNAP QC Data for the years listed

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

41

Table 13.2. Categorically Eligible SNAP Households Failing a SNAP Income Test By Categorical Eligibility Status and Fiscal Year

FY 2003 8,971 100.0 103 1.1 30 0.3 55 0.6 19 0.2

FY 2004 10,069 100.0 96 1.0 30 0.3 51 0.5 15 0.1

FY 2005 10,852 100.0 129 1.2 26 0.2 89 0.8 13 0.1

FY 2006 11,313 100.0 148 1.3 32 0.3 99 0.9 16 0.1

FY 2007 11,561 100.0 156 1.4 35 0.3 102 0.9 20 0.2

FY 2008 12,464 100.0 195 1.6 42 0.3 135 1.1 18 0.1

FY 2009 14,981 100.0 320 2.1 39 0.3 250 1.7 31 0.2

FY 2010 18,369 100.0 496 2.7 28 0.2 423 2.3 45 0.2

FY 2011 20,803 100.0 753 3.6 62 0.3 637 3.1 53 0.3


Number (000s)

Row Percent

Source: SNAP QC Data for the years listedaCategorically eligible SNAP households are those that are: (1) reported to be categorically eligible by the QC reviewer; or (2) recoded to be categorically eligible because they appear to be traditional pure cash public assistance (PA) or to satisfy State-specified criteria for broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). bTraditional Pure Cash PA households are those in which all members receive TANF, SSI, or General Assistance cash benefits. cBroad-based categorically eligible households are those that satisfy State BBCE criteria and do not appear to be traditional pure cash PA.

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

Number (000s)

Row Percent

All SNAP Households

Categorically Eligible SNAP Households Failing a SNAP Income Test a



Householdsb



Number (000s)

Column Percent

APPENDIX A

STATE TABLES


A.3

Alabama Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance

Program Conferring CE

TANF, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF and/or SSI.

Broad-Based Non-Cash Categorical Eligibility (BBCE)


Brochure: "Putting It Together for Those Who Need Us" brochure provides information on state assistance programs and TANF partner programs and services.

Effective Date February 01, 2010

Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL. Households in which all members are elderly or disabled with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.

Vehicle Policy for Non-Categorically Eligible

Policy Exclude all vehicles.

Effective Date July 01, 2001

Alaska Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI


Narrow Categorical Eligibility (NCE)

Targeted Cash NCE Lump Sum Payment


Diversion-Assistance: provides a one-time lump-sum payment to assist with short-term need. Individuals are categorically eligible for three-month period.

Eligibility Criteria Household must be eligible for TANF and job-ready.

Non-Cash NCE Program Conferring CE

Case-Management Services: Post-TANF case-management services include: 1) family problem-solving and mentoring; 2) job retention or re-employment counseling; 3) child-care consumer education and referrals; and 4) referrals to community resources providing employment-related assistance needed after the family's eligibility for extended support services ends. Confers categorical eligibility for 6 months following TANF case closure.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have adult member employed at the time of TANF case closure.

Participation Percentage

0.5 percent of SNAP Caseload


Policy Exclude one vehicle per driver.

Effective Date October 01, 2001


A.4

Arizona Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF (including Tribal TANF), General Assistance (GA), and/or SSI.


Targeted Cash NCE Monthly Cash Assistance


Kinship-Care Assistance: provides monthly cash assistance to relative caregivers for foster child.

Eligibility Criteria Household must include foster child and relative caregiver.


Refugee Assistance: provides monthly cash assistance to refugees.

Eligibility Criteria Household must meet TANF eligibility requirements and hold refugee status.

Lump Sum Payment


Diversion-Assistance: "Grant Diversion" provides a one-time lump-sum payment to assist with expenses while the participant seeks full-time employment.

Eligibility Criteria Household must meet TANF eligibility requirements, be eligible for at least $1 of TANF benefits in approval month, and not have received TANF benefits in the application month or grant diversion in the month prior to the application. Grant diversion can only be received once in a 12-month period.



Referral Information: Health-e-Arizona website provides information on available medical coverage, Medicare, SNAP, TANF, and other resources.

Effective Date June 01, 2007

Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL.



Effective Date May 01, 2003


A.5

Arkansas Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance

Program conferring CE

TANF, SSI





Post-Employment Program: "Work Pays Program" provides monthly cash assistance for up to 24 months after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have TANF case closed due to employment, have a minor child in the household, and meet TANF work requirements with gross income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.

Lump Sum Payment


Diversion-Assistance: a one-time lump-sum payment to assist with a financial problem that jeopardizes employment.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have a minor child and be eligible for TANF if lost employment.


Job Retention Payment: a one-time lump-sum payment to enable job retention or resolve a job-related need within 12 months following a TANF case closure due to employment.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have TANF case closed due to employment.

Non-Cash NCE Program conferring CE

Child-Care Assistance: available for up to 36 months after date of TANF case closure.

Eligibility Criteria Households with eligible child in which TANF case closed due to employment. Gross income less than 60 percent of state median income.

Participation Data Not available.


Mentoring Services: available for up to six months after date of TANF case closure.




Transportation Assistance: available for two months after date of TANF case closure.




Case-Management Services: available for up to 12 months after date of TANF case closure.




Policy Exclude one vehicle per household.



A.6

California Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GA

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF (including TANF Two-Parent) and/or General Assistance (GA). GA must have income criteria equal to, or more restrictive than, the SNAP gross income test, and must not provide only one-time emergency payments.



Brochure: "Family Planning" brochure provides information on locating family planning providers and the benefits of family planning services available to assist households in need.

Effective Date April 24, 2013

Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL. Households with an elderly or disabled member and with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.

Historical BBCE Policies Program conferring CE

Brochure: See above.






Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL and with a child under age 18.



Effective Date September 01, 2004


A.7

Colorado Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, OAP, AND, AB, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Old Age Pension (OAP), Aid to the Needy Disabled (AND), Aid to the Blind (AB), and/or SSI.


Non-Cash NCE


Family Preservation Services: "Family Preservation Services" provides services to families where the children are at risk of out-of-home placement. Services include case planning, case management , counseling, family support programs, intensive family therapy, day treatment, home-based services, non-medical drug and alcohol treatment, and crisis intervention services.

Eligibility Criteria Households with children living with caretaker or can be parent with unborn child; if child in foster care, meets requirements; family qualifies for and has signed treatment plan for family preservation services. Household with gross income less than $75,000 per year and over 130 percent of the FPL. Note that if gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL, household considered under BBCE.


Less than 1 percent.



Information on Application: Households receive information about TANF-funded services on the application.

Effective Date March 01, 2011

Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.



Effective Date August 01, 2003


A.8

Connecticut Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, AABD, GA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Aid to Aged, Blind, and Disabled (AABD), General Assistance (GA), and/or SSI.








Brochure: "Help for People in Need" brochure provides information on state assistance programs and TANF partner programs and services.

Effective Date July 01, 2009 Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent

of the FPL.


Policy Exclude all vehicles. Effective Date July 01, 2007

Delaware Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, General Assistance (GA), and/or SSI.








Information on Application: Households receive information about TANF-funded pregnancy prevention on the application.




Policy Use Federal SNAP rules.



A.9

District of Columbia Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI




Brochure: provides information on domestic violence services.






Florida Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI








Home Visiting Services: "Healthy Families Florida" provides intensive home visiting services to expectant families and families of newborns who have been assessed as being at risk of child maltreatment and other adverse outcomes.

Eligibility Criteria Households with members who are expectant or include a newborn in which an assessment indicated risk of child maltreatment or other adverse outcomes with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.




Referral Information: ACCESS Florida website and document footers provide information on TANF-funded services.





Effective Date November 01, 2008


A.10

Georgia Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI


Narrow Categorical Eligibility (NCE) Targeted Cash NCE Monthly Cash Assistance


Post-Employment Program: "TANF Work Support Payments" (WSP) provides monthly cash assistance for up to 12 months after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings.

Eligibility Criteria Households in which TANF case closed due to employment.




Transition Assistance: "TANF Transitional Support Services” (TSS) provides support payment used to pay for or reimburse the cost of childcare, transportation, and incidental expenses for up to 6 months.

Eligibility Criteria Households in which TANF case closed due to employment.





Brochure: provides information on TANF community outreach services.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL. Households in which all members are elderly or disabled with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.



Effective Date January 01, 2005

Guam Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, OAA, AB, APT, GA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Aid to the Old Age Assistance (OAA), Aid to the Blind (AB), Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled (APT), General Assistance (GA), and/or SSI.



Brochure: "Information Guide for Low-Income Households" brochure provides referral information on available services for low-income households.




Policy Exclude one vehicle for single-parent households with children, and two vehicles for two-parent households with children (parents may include step-parents but not unmarried live-in partners). Use federal SNAP rules for vehicles in all other households.



A.11

Hawaii Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI



Non-Cash NCE


Employer-Subsidy Program: "Supporting Employment Empowerment” (SEE) provides employers with a wage subsidy and a payment equal to 14 percent of the subsidy or fringe for hiring TANF recipients for up to 12 months. If SEE household becomes ineligible for TANF due to employment income, it would be categorically eligible for SNAP for the 12-month SEE period.

Eligibility Criteria Household members must be TANF recipients at time of SEE program entrance with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL, net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL, and assets less than or equal to $5,000.





Brochure: provides information on state services including medical assistance, housing, domestic violence, and job assistance.







A.12

Idaho Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, AABD, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Aid to Aged, Blind, and Disabled (AABD), and/or SSI.



Brochure: provides information on 2-1-1 Idaho CareLine that offers referrals for community services such as child care, financial assistance, rental assistance, energy assistance, and medical assistance.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL. Total assets less than or equal to $5,000 after excluding one vehicle per adult.

Historical BBCE Policies Program Conferring CE



Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.


Policy Exclude one vehicle per adult. Total assets less than or equal to $5,000.


Illinois Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GA, SSI




Brochure: "Guide to Services" brochure provides information on available medical coverage, SNAP, TANF, and other resources.







A.13

Indiana Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI





Iowa Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI




Referral Information: Household automatically considered eligible for "Promoting Awareness of the Benefits of a Healthy Marriage Program" (PHMP). PHMP provides information about the benefits of a healthy and stable marriage.







A.14

Kansas Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GA, SSI



Non-Cash NCE


Medical Assistance: "TransMed" provides continued medical coverage for 12 months to household that lost medical assistance due to increased earnings.

Eligibility Criteria Household members must have become ineligible for medical assistance due to increased earnings. No financial eligibility criteria for TransMed.



Medical Assistance: "Four-Month Extended Medical" provides up to 4 months extended medical coverage for persons who became ineligible for medical assistance.

Eligibility Criteria Household members must have become eligible for medical assistance at least 3 of last 6 months to receive extension. No financial eligibility criteria for Four-Month Extended Medical.



Work Support Services: TANF work support services include transportation and special services allowance, education/job skills training/vocational education assistance, and contracted employment services for up to 12 months following loss of TANF cash eligibility.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have lost TANF cash eligibility and have gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL.






A.15

Kentucky Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which at least one member receives or is authorized to receive TANF. Any household in which all members receive SSI.




Post-Employment Program: "Work Incentive" (WIN) provides monthly cash assistance for up to nine months after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have TANF case closed due to employment earnings, have a minor child in the household, be employed, and have a work expense with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.




Lump Sum Payment


Diversion-Assistance: "Family Alternatives Diversion" (FAD) provides up to $1,300 over a three-month period to assist with a short-term need.

Eligibility Criteria Household must meet TANF eligibility requirements, not receive TANF, have a verifiable short-term need, and be determined self-supporting if short-term need is met.



Brochure: provides information on public assistance programs for which the household may be eligible.







A.16

Louisiana Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which at least one member receives or is authorized to receive TANF. Any household in which all members receive SSI.




Post-Employment Program: "Post-FITAP" provides monthly cash assistance after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings.







Brochure: provides information on state public assistance programs.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL, no gross-income test.





A.17

Maine Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive General Assistance (GA) and/or SSI. Any household in which any member receives or is authorized to receive TANF.




Education Assistance: "Parents as Scholars" (PaS) provides monthly cash assistance (same amount as TANF) to TANF eligible individuals who are pursuing degrees in two- or four-year post secondary degree programs.

Eligibility Criteria Household member must meet TANF eligibility requirements, be matriculating in two- or four-year post-secondary degree program, does not have a bachelor degree, does not have the skills to make 85 percent of Maine's median wage, possesses skills to complete, and selects a program that will increase ability for future earnings.



Brochure: "Resource Guide for Families" brochure provides information on state assistance programs and services.





Effective Date December 01, 2006

Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL that have a child under the age of 18, or 18 and a full time high school student, who lives with a parent or caretaker relative.




Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL that have a child under the age of 18, or 18 and a full time high school student, who lives with a parent or caretaker relative.





A.18

Maryland Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, TDAP, PAA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Temporary Disability Assistance Program (TDAP), Public Assistance to Adults (PAA), and/or SSI.



Brochure: "Family Planning, A Guide for You" brochure provides information on family planning.






Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL that have a related child under the age of 18, or related 18 or 19 year old child that will graduate in 19th year.




Massachusetts Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, EAEDC, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Emergency Aid to the Elderly, Disabled and Children (EAEDC), and/or SSI.



Brochure: "Help for Those in Need, A Resource Brochure" brochure provides information on state assistance programs and services.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL. Households with a child under age 19 with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.




Eligibility Criteria Households with a child under age 19 with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.





A.19

Michigan Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SDA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, State Disability Assistance (SDA), and/or SSI.



Information on Application: Households receive information about Domestic Violence Prevention Services (DVPS) on the application.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL with total assets less than or equal to $5,000 after excluding one vehicle with the highest fair market value and then excluding $15,000 combined fair market value of remaining non-excluded vehicles.


Information on Application: See above.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL with total assets less than or equal to $5,000 excluding $15,000 of combined fair market value of all vehicles.






Policy Exclude one vehicle with the highest fair market value and then exclude $15,000 combined fair market value of remaining non-excluded vehicles. Total assets less than or equal to $5,000.



A.20

Minnesota Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


GA, MSA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive General Assistance (GA), Minnesota Supplemental Aid (MSA), and/or SSI.




Post-Employment Program: "Work Benefit" provides monthly cash assistance for up to 24 months after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have TANF case closed due to employment, and meet TANF work requirements with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL and assets less than or equal $5,000.


Diversion-Assistance: "Diversionary Work Program" (DWP) provides a monthly cash assistance for up to four months prior to enrollment in TANF.

Eligibility Criteria Household must meet TANF eligibility requirements and non-excluded assets less than or equal to $2,000.


Child-Care Assistance: "Transition Year Child-Care " (TYCC) provides child-care assistance to households that have received or were eligible to receive TANF and chose to discontinue cash assistance or received DWP for at least 3 of the last 6 months before losing eligibility.

Eligibility Criteria Household must chose to discontinue cash assistance or lose eligibility for DWP with having participated three of the last 6 months with gross income less than or equal to 120 percent of the FPL.




Child-Care Assistance: "Basic Sliding Fee Child-Care” provides child-care based on need.

Eligibility Criteria Household with gross income less than or equal to 47 percent of state median income.





Brochure: "Domestic Violence Information" brochure provides information on the identification of domestic violence and resources available to victims of domestic violence.






Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with gross income less than or equal to 165 percent of the FPL. Total assets less than or equal to $7,000 for all households.





A.21

Mississippi Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI




Information on Application: Households receive information about Families First Resource Centers (FFRC) on the application.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL, no gross-income test.




Missouri Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SAB, SP, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Supplemental Aid to the Blind (SAB), Supplemental Payment (SP) benefits, and/or SSI.


Non-Cash NCE


Child-Care Assistance: available for TANF households.

Eligibility Criteria Households with eligible child with gross income less than or equal to 127 percent of the FPL or receipt of TANF.

Participation Numbers

28,740 (6.55 percent of SNAP households)


Mentoring Services: "Missouri Mentoring" provides structured job site mentoring through private companies to individuals up to age 21.

Eligibility Criteria Individuals up to age 21 in need of mentoring services in select counties.


4 (0.0009 percent of SNAP households)





A.22

Montana Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF (including Tribal TANF) and/or SSI.




Post-Employment Program: "TANF Post-Employment" provides monthly cash assistance for up to three months after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have received TANF cash assistance the month TANF case closed due to employment.



Brochure: "TANF Information and Referral (I&R) Services" brochure provides information and referrals to various agencies, programs, organizations, and community resources that provide assistance services and benefits.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.




Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL, no gross income test.





A.23

Nebraska Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, AABD, SDP, SSI, Emergency Assistance

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Aid to Aged, Blind, and Disabled (AABD), State Disability Program (SDP), and/or SSI. Any household in which any member receives or is authorized to receive Emergency Assistance.




Post-Employment Program: "TANF Post-Employment" provides monthly cash assistance for up to five months after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have TANF case closed due to employment with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL.

Non-Cash NCE Program conferring CE

Child-Care Assistance: "Transitional Childcare" available for up to five months after date of TANF case closure.




Medical Assistance: "Transitional Medicaid" provides up to five months extended medical coverage.





Brochure: provides information on assistance services for which the household may be eligible.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL, no gross-income test. Total assets less than or equal to $25,000.


Policy Exclude one vehicle up to $12,000 fair market value per household.



A.24

Nevada Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, IA, IGA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which at least one member receives or is authorized to receive TANF. Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive Interim Assistance (IA), Indian General Assistance (IGA) and/or SSI.


Non-Cash NCE


Child-Care Assistance: Child-care available to TANF households.

Eligibility Criteria Household must be on TANF with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL.




Information on Application: Households receive information about Nevada Public Health Foundation (NPHF) on the application.






New Hampshire Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, OAA, APTD, AND, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Old Age Assistance (OAA), Aid to Permanently & Totally Disabled (APTD), Aid to Needy Blind (AND), and/or SSI.



Brochure: "It Takes a Village" brochure provides information on state assistance programs and services.


Eligibility Criteria Households containing a dependent child under age 22 and a specified relative of the dependent child and with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL.


Policy Exclude one vehicle per adult.



A.25

New Jersey Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GA, SSI




Brochure: provides information on services available for needy families.






New Mexico Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI





Education Assistance: "Education Works Program" (EWP) provides monthly cash assistance to households in which at least one member is enrolled in post-secondary, graduate or post-graduate institution.

Eligibility Criteria Household with gross income less than or equal to 85 percent of the FPL. Total countable liquid assets less than or equal to $1,500 and countable non-liquid assets less than or equal to $2,000.

Lump Sum Payment


Diversion-Assistance: "Diversion Cash Assistance" provides one-time lump-sum cash payment in lieu of monthly cash assistance. Household is considered categorically eligible for 12 month period while locked out of TANF.

Eligibility Criteria Household with gross income less than or equal to 85 percent of the FPL. Total countable liquid assets less than or equal to $1,500 and countable non-liquid assets less than or equal to $2,000.



Brochure: provides information on assistance services for which the household may be eligible.







A.26

New York Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SNA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Safety Net Assistance, and/or SSI.



Brochure: "Helping Hands" brochure provides information on state assistance programs and services.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL. Households with dependent-care expenses and with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.




Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.




North Carolina Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI



Non-Cash NCE


Employment-Assistance: "Work First Employment Services" provide employment and support services such as vocational education, childcare, job readiness courses, transportation assistance, counseling, finance courses, and job search assistance.

Eligibility Criteria Household in which at least one member receives or is authorized to receive Work First Employment Services with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.

Participation Data 5,000 households.



Brochure: provides information on healthy marriages and teen pregnancy prevention.







A.27

North Dakota Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI





Post-Employment Program: "Transition Assistance" provides monthly cash assistance for up to six months after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have TANF case closed due to employment earnings.


Kinship-Care Assistance: provides monthly cash assistance to relative caregivers for foster child. Diversion-Assistance: "Diversion Assistance" provides cash assistance for up to four months during a 12 month period for a specific crisis or episode of need.



Diversion-Assistance: "Diversion Assistance" provides cash assistance for up to four months during a 12 month period for a specific crisis or episode of need.

Eligibility Criteria Household must meet TANF eligibility requirements and have a specific crisis or episode of need defined as temporary reduction or loss of income which results in inability to pay rent and utilities, disaster, or unmet needs which are integral to accepting or maintaining employment or attending school.



Information on Application: Households receive information about TANF Information and Referral Services on the application.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL and net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.




Eligibility Criteria Households with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.





A.28

Ohio Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, DFA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Disability Financial Assistance (DFA), and/or SSI.


Non-Cash NCE


Prevention Services: "Prevention, Retention and Contingency" (PRC) program provides benefits and services such as clothing and shelter, domestic violence, housing relocation, and disaster assistance, transportation assistance, and training, employment and work support.

Eligibility Criteria Varies by county.




Referral Information: Households provided information on or received services from the Ohio Benefit Bank.






Oklahoma Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI




Referral Information: Households provided information on the Oklahoma Marriage Initiative through the Department of Human Services website.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL and with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL, no gross income test.


Eligibility Criteria Exclude all vehicles.



A.29

Oregon Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, TA-DVS, EA, GA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Temporary Assistance for Domestic Violence Survivors (TA-DVS), Emergency Assistance (EA), General Assistance (GA), and/or SSI.




Post-Employment Program: "Post-TANF program" provides monthly cash assistance for up to 12 months after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have TANF case closed due to employment earnings, meet work requirements, reside with a qualifying child with gross income less than or equal to 250 percent of the FPL.


Housing Assistance: "Housing Stabilization Program" provides monthly cash assistance to low-income households with children that are homeless or at risk of homelessness.

Eligibility Criteria Households with children who are homeless or at risk for homelessness.


Child-Care Assistance: "Employment Related Day Care" (ERDC) provides childcare for low-income households.

Eligibility Criteria Households with eligible child under age 12 with gross income less than or equal to 185 percent of the FPL.




Brochure: "Resource Guide for Low-Income Households" brochure provides information on state assistance programs and services.




Policy

Effective Date

Exclude $10,000 of combined vehicle equity.

October 01, 2001


A.30

Pennsylvania Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GA, SBP, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, General Assistance (GA), State Blind Pension (SBP), and/or SSI.




Employment-Assistance: "Family Works" provides monthly benefits and services to households that are not participating in TANF and need employment assistance.

Eligibility Criteria Households in which one member is a minor child, pregnant woman who has no other children living with her, or non-custodial parent with gross income less than or equal to 235 percent of the FPL.


Education Assistance: “Education Leading to Employment and Career Training” (ELECT) program provides eligible expectant and parenting youth intensive case management, parenting and child development education, and health care and nutritional education.

Eligibility Criteria Household with parent or expectant parent under age 22 with gross income less than or equal to 235 percent of the FPL.




Brochure: "Help for Pennsylvanians in Need" brochure provides information on available services and programs.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 160 percent of the FPL and total assets less than or equal to $5,500 after excluding one vehicle. Households in which any members are elderly or disabled with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL and with total assets less than or equal to $9,000 after excluding one vehicle.













A.31

Rhode Island Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI




Brochure: "Rhode Island Department of Human Services TANF Information" brochure provides information on available services and programs.




Policy Exclude one vehicle per adult not to exceed two vehicles per household.


South Carolina Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI




Brochure: "South Carolina Family Independence Information and Referral Services" brochure provides information on available services and programs.






Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than 200 percent of the FPL.





A.32

South Dakota Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF (including Tribal TANF) and/or SSI.


Non-Cash NCE


Child-Care Assistance: "Child-Care Services" provides assistance to low-income households with child-care costs.






Tennessee Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI



Non-Cash NCE


Counseling Services: "Family Services Counseling" (FSC) provides counseling services to TANF and former TANF households that no longer receive cash assistance.

Eligibility Criteria Household must receive TANF cash assistance or have TANF case closed and need assistance with one or more of the following: mental health, domestic violence, substance abuse, learning disabilities, or children's health or behavioral problems.



Vehicle Assistance: "First Wheels" provides interest free car loans TANF and former TANF households that no longer receive cash assistance.

Eligibility Criteria Household must receive TANF cash assistance or have TANF case closed, apply for the First Wheels program, and demonstrate need.






A.33

Texas Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI




Information on Application: Households receive information about TANF funded programs and contact information on the application.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 165 percent of the FPL and total assets less than or equal to $5,000 after excluding up to $15,000 of the fair market value of one vehicle.


Policy Exclude up to $15,000 of the fair market value of one vehicle. Total assets less than or equal to $5,000.


Utah Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, EA, GA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Emergency Assistance Homelessness Prevention Program (EA), General Assistance (GA), and/or SSI.




Diversion-Assistance: "Diversion Payment provides cash assistance for up to three months for basic needs until a job begins or a source of income is received.

Eligibility Criteria Household must meet TANF eligibility requirements and have a job or source of income in the next few weeks.





A.34

Vermont Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, AABD, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, Aid to Aged, Blind, or Disabled (AABD), and/or SSI.


Non-Cash NCE


Education Assistance: "Postsecondary Education Program" provides funding for household members to attend post-secondary education programs.

Eligibility Criteria Households in which adult member participates the Postsecondary Education Program with gross income less than or equal to 150 percent of the FPL.


1,093 households for combined Postsecondary Education Program and EITC.


Employment Assistance: "Earned Income Tax Credit" (EITC) Program provides refundable tax credits to low-income working households.

Eligibility Criteria Households which received a Vermont EITC payment within the 12 calendar months prior to certification or recertification.


1,093 households for combined Postsecondary Education Program and EITC.



Referral Information: Households provided information on the Agency of Human Services Screen Door bookmark and through the website, application, and case notices.




Policy Exclude one vehicle per adult not to exceed two vehicles per household.


Virginia Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GR, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF, General Relief (GR) and/or SSI.


Non-Cash NCE


Employment-Assistance: TANF-funded services and programs.

Eligibility Criteria Households which receive TANF-funded services and programs with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL and net income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.






A.35

Virgin Islands Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI




Brochure: "Smart Family" brochure provides information on available services and programs, signature on application acknowledges receipt of brochure.











A.36

Washington Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, GA, ADATSA, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which at least one member receives or is authorized to receive TANF (including Tribal TANF). Any household in which all members receive General Assistance (GA), Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Treatment and Support Act (ADATSA), and/or SSI.


Targeted Cash NCE Lump Sum Payment


Diversion-Assistance: "Diversion Cash Assistance" provides a one-time lump-sum payment to assist with short-term need such as housing, transportation, medical bills, employment, or childcare. Individuals are categorically eligible for a four-month period.

Eligibility Criteria Household must be eligible for TANF.



Referral Information: Washington Department of Social and Health Services Community Services Offices (CSO) website provides information on available services and programs.




Referral Information: See above.







A.37

West Virginia Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI

Eligibility Criteria Any household in which all members receive or are authorized to receive TANF and/or SSI. Any household in which at least one member receives or is authorized to receive TANF.


Cash NCE Monthly Cash Assistance


Post-Employment Program: "Employment Assistance Program" provides monthly cash assistance for up to 12 months after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have TANF case closed due to employment earnings with gross income less than or equal to 150 percent of the FPL.


Post-Employment Program: "Support Service Payments" provides payments to assist with short-term needs after the household's TANF case was closed due to employment earnings. Household eligible for payments for up to 12 months.

Eligibility Criteria Household must have TANF case closed due to employment earnings, live with a TANF eligible child, and with gross income less than or equal to 150 percent of the FPL.

Lump Sum Payments


Diversion-Assistance: "Diversion Cash Assistance" provides a one-time lump-sum payment to assist with short-term need. Individuals are categorically eligible for a three-month period.

Eligibility Criteria Household with gross income less than or equal to 100 percent the state standard of need after a 100 percent earned income disregard.


Education Assistance: "School Clothing Allowance" (SCA) provides vouchers to households with school age children to provide for school clothing needs.

Eligibility Criteria Households with school age children and gross income less than or equal to 100 percent of the FPL.




Referral Information: Households are automatically mailed information after application submitted.


Eligibility Criteria Households with gross income less than or equal to 130 percent of the FPL. Households in which all members are elderly or disabled with no earned income with gross income less than or equal to 200 percent of the FPL.


Referral Information: See above.







A.38

Wisconsin Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI




Referral Information: JobNet access information provided on all notices.






Wyoming Traditional Pure Cash Public Assistance


TANF, SSI





APPENDIX B

SNAP POLICY MANUAL LINKS


B.3

Table B.1. Links to State SNAP Policy Manuals Available Online

State SNAP Policy Manual Link

Alabama http://dhr.alabama.gov/POE/Rev/Rev.163.pdf; and http://dhr.alabama.gov/POE/frameset.htm

Alaska http://dpaweb.hss.state.ak.us/manuals/fs/fsp.htm http://dpaweb.hss.state.ak.us/manuals/ta/740/740-3_other_public_assistance_programs.htm

Arizona https://extranet.azdes.gov/faapolicymanual/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm

Arkansas https://ardhs.sharepointsite.net/DHSPolicy/DCOPublishedPolicy/SNAP1000.pdf#1920

California http://www.cdss.ca.gov/shd/res/pdf/ParaRegs-Food-Stamps-Household-Composition.pdf

Colorado http://www.sos.state.co.us/CCR/SearchRuleDisplay.do?getEntireRule=yes&pageNumber=1&totalNumberOfResults=233&keyword=4011&type=keywordSearch&contentId=907602

Connecticut Not available online

Delaware http://regulations.delaware.gov/AdminCode/title16/Department%20of%20Health%20and%20Social%20Services/Division%20of%20Social%20Services/Delaware%20Social%20Services%20Manual/9000.shtml

District of Columbia http://dhs.dc.gov/page/chapter-12-categorical-eligibility; and http://dhs.dc.gov/page/chapter-1-determining-countable-assets

Florida http://www.dcf.state.fl.us/programs/access/docs/esspolicymanual/

Georgia http://www.odis.dhr.state.ga.us/3000_fam/3420_food/MAN3420.doc

Guam Not available online

Hawaii http://humanservices.hawaii.gov/admin-rules-2/

Idaho http://adminrules.idaho.gov/rules/current/16/0304.pdf

Illinois https://www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?Item=13473

Indiana http://www.in.gov/fssa/dfr/3301.htm

Iowa http://www.dhs.state.ia.us/policyanalysis/policymanualpages/polmanual.htm

Kansas http://content.dcf.ks.gov/EES/KEESM/Current/Home.htm

Kentucky http://manuals.chfs.ky.gov/dcbs_manuals/DFS/index_dfs.asp

Louisiana https://stellent.dss.state.la.us/LADSS/outlineSections.do?partID=23&agency=OFS&chapterID=3

Maine http://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/10/ch301.htm

Maryland http://www.dhr.state.md.us/documents/Manuals/FSP%20%28Food%20Supplement%20Program%29%20Manual/115%

Massachusetts http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dta/g-reg-365.pdf

Michigan http://www.mfia.state.mi.us/olmweb/ex/bem/bem.pdf

Minnesota http://www.dhs.state.mn.us/main/idcplg?IdcService=GET_DYNAMIC_CONVERSION&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=CombinedManual

Mississippi http://www.mdhs.state.ms.us/ea_snappolicy.htm

Missouri http://www.dss.mo.gov/fsd/iman/fstamps/1135-035-00.html

Montana http://www.dphhs.mt.gov/hcsd/fsmanual/

Nebraska http://dhhs.ne.gov/Pages/reg_t475.aspx

Nevada https://dwss.nv.gov/pdf/EP_Man_A-0100.pdf https://dwss.nv.gov/

New Hampshire http://www.dhhs.state.nh.us/fsm_htm/NEWFsm.HTM

New Jersey Not available online

New Mexico http://www.hsd.state.nm.us/isd/policies/

New York http://otda.ny.gov/programs/snap/SNAPSB.pdf

North Carolina http://info.dhhs.state.nc.us/olm/manuals/dss/ei-30/man/FSs620.htm#P10_70

North Dakota http://www.nd.gov/dhs/policymanuals/43005/43005.htm

http://dhr.alabama.gov/POE/Rev/Rev.163.pdf

http://dhr.alabama.gov/POE/frameset.htm

http://dpaweb.hss.state.ak.us/manuals/fs/fsp.htm

http://dpaweb.hss.state.ak.us/manuals/fs/fsp.htm

https://extranet.azdes.gov/faapolicymanual/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm

https://ardhs.sharepointsite.net/DHSPolicy/DCOPublishedPolicy/SNAP1000.pdf#1920

http://www.cdss.ca.gov/shd/res/pdf/ParaRegs-Food-Stamps-Household-Composition.pdf

http://www.sos.state.co.us/CCR/SearchRuleDisplay.do?getEntireRule=yes&pageNumber=1&totalNumberOfResults=233&keyword=4011&type=keywordSearch&contentId=907602

http://www.sos.state.co.us/CCR/SearchRuleDisplay.do?getEntireRule=yes&pageNumber=1&totalNumberOfResults=233&keyword=4011&type=keywordSearch&contentId=907602

http://regulations.delaware.gov/AdminCode/title16/Department%20of%20Health%20and%20Social%20Services/Division%20of%20Social%20Services/Delaware%20Social%20Services%20Manual/9000.shtml

http://regulations.delaware.gov/AdminCode/title16/Department%20of%20Health%20and%20Social%20Services/Division%20of%20Social%20Services/Delaware%20Social%20Services%20Manual/9000.shtml

http://dhs.dc.gov/page/chapter-12-categorical-eligibility;%20and

http://dhs.dc.gov/page/chapter-12-categorical-eligibility;%20and

http://www.dcf.state.fl.us/programs/access/docs/esspolicymanual/

http://www.odis.dhr.state.ga.us/3000_fam/3420_food/MAN3420.doc

http://humanservices.hawaii.gov/admin-rules-2/

http://adminrules.idaho.gov/rules/current/16/0304.pdf

https://www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?Item=13473

http://www.in.gov/fssa/dfr/3301.htm

http://content.dcf.ks.gov/EES/KEESM/Current/Home.htm

http://manuals.chfs.ky.gov/dcbs_manuals/DFS/index_dfs.asp

https://stellent.dss.state.la.us/LADSS/outlineSections.do?partID=23&agency=OFS&chapterID=3

http://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/10/ch301.htm

http://www.dhr.state.md.us/documents/Manuals/FSP%20%28Food%20Supplement%20Program%29%20Manual/115%25

http://www.dhr.state.md.us/documents/Manuals/FSP%20%28Food%20Supplement%20Program%29%20Manual/115%25

http://www.mfia.state.mi.us/olmweb/ex/bem/bem.pdf

http://www.dhs.state.mn.us/main/idcplg?IdcService=GET_DYNAMIC_CONVERSION&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=CombinedManual

http://www.dhs.state.mn.us/main/idcplg?IdcService=GET_DYNAMIC_CONVERSION&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=CombinedManual

http://www.mdhs.state.ms.us/ea_snappolicy.htm

http://www.dss.mo.gov/fsd/iman/fstamps/1135-035-00.html

http://www.dphhs.mt.gov/hcsd/fsmanual/

http://dhhs.ne.gov/Pages/reg_t475.aspx

https://dwss.nv.gov/pdf/EP_Man_A-0100.pdf

https://dwss.nv.gov/pdf/EP_Man_A-0100.pdf

http://www.hsd.state.nm.us/isd/policies/

http://otda.ny.gov/programs/snap/SNAPSB.pdf

http://info.dhhs.state.nc.us/olm/manuals/dss/ei-30/man/FSs620.htm#P10_70

http://www.nd.gov/dhs/policymanuals/43005/43005.htm


B.4

Table B.1 (continued)

State SNAP Policy Manual Link

Ohio http://emanuals.odjfs.state.oh.us/emanuals/GetDocument.do?doc=Document(storage%3DREPOSITORY%2CdocID%3D%23Ref_FSH)&locSource=input&docLoc=%24REP_ROOT%24%23Ref_FSH&username=guest&password=guest&publicationName=emanuals

Oklahoma http://www.okdhs.org/library/policy/oac340/050/

Oregon http://apps.state.or.us/caf/fsm/06fs-e.htm#Whatdoes

Pennsylvania http://services.dpw.state.pa.us/oimpolicymanuals/manuals/bop/fs/index.htm

Rhode Island http://www.dhs.ri.gov/AboutDHS/RulesRegulations/tabid/171/Default.aspx

South Carolina https://dss.sc.gov/content/library/manuals/snap.pdf

South Dakota http://dss.sd.gov/snap/manual/index.asp

Tennessee http://tn.gov/humanserv/adfam/fs_olm/1.0%20Table%20of%20Contents.htm

Texas http://www.dads.state.tx.us/handbooks/TexasWorks/B/400/400.htm#secB-470

Utah http://jobs.utah.gov/Infosource/eligibilitymanual/Eligibility_Manual.htm

Vermont http://humanservices.vermont.gov/on-line-rules/esd/group-food-stamp-rules/view

Virgin Islands Not available online

Virginia http://www.dss.virginia.gov/about/manuals.html

Washington http://www.dshs.wa.gov/manuals/eaz/sections/CatEligFoodAssist.shtml#388-414-0001

West Virginia http://www.wvdhhr.org/bcf/policy/imm/new_manual/immanual/manual_pdf_files/chapter_01/ch1_4.pdf

Wisconsin http://www.emhandbooks.wisconsin.gov/fsh/fsh.htm

Wyoming https://sites.google.com/a/wyo.gov/dfswebembeds/combined-manual

http://emanuals.odjfs.state.oh.us/emanuals/GetDocument.do?doc=Document(storage%3DREPOSITORY%2CdocID%3D%23Ref_FSH)&locSource=input&docLoc=%24REP_ROOT%24%23Ref_FSH&username=guest&password=guest&publicationName=emanuals



http://www.okdhs.org/library/policy/oac340/050/

http://apps.state.or.us/caf/fsm/06fs-e.htm#Whatdoes

http://services.dpw.state.pa.us/oimpolicymanuals/manuals/bop/fs/index.htm

http://www.dhs.ri.gov/AboutDHS/RulesRegulations/tabid/171/Default.aspx

https://dss.sc.gov/content/library/manuals/snap.pdf

http://dss.sd.gov/snap/manual/index.asp

http://tn.gov/humanserv/adfam/fs_olm/1.0%20Table%20of%20Contents.htm

http://www.dads.state.tx.us/handbooks/TexasWorks/B/400/400.htm#secB-470

http://jobs.utah.gov/Infosource/eligibilitymanual/Eligibility_Manual.htm

http://humanservices.vermont.gov/on-line-rules/esd/group-food-stamp-rules/view

http://www.dss.virginia.gov/about/manuals.html

http://www.dshs.wa.gov/manuals/eaz/sections/CatEligFoodAssist.shtml#388-414-0001

http://www.wvdhhr.org/bcf/policy/imm/new_manual/immanual/manual_pdf_files/chapter_01/ch1_4.pdf

http://www.emhandbooks.wisconsin.gov/fsh/fsh.htm

https://sites.google.com/a/wyo.gov/dfswebembeds/combined-manual

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