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Are you a book worm or a bibliophile? Book worm: (]pkvXI- p-gp): Devoted to books

only for learning facts for the purpose of scoringmarks.

Bibliophile (]p-kvXI kvt\ln): A genuine loverof books.The literature includes fiction, non fiction,fables, travelogues, poetry etc.

Fiction is writing that the author creates fromimagination (I-ev]n-X-I-Y).

Non fiction is writing about real life.Eg. essays, history, biography, autobiographyetc.

Fact × Fiction Fable : A moral story. (kmtcm-]-tZi IY-IÄ)

Aesop’s Fable contains moral stories ofanimals.

Travelogue : Experiences of an author as atraveller (k©mc-km-ln-Xyw).

Sonnet : A poem of fourteen lines. Elegy : A poem mourning someone’s death

(hnem-]-Im-hyw).

Burlesque : A literary work that usesexaggeration or imitation for ridicule

(lm-kym-\p-I-c-Ww)

Farce : An excessive comedy. ({]-l-k-\w)

Satire : A ridiculing comedy (Bt£-]-lm-kyw)

Plagiarism : Stealing one’s creative work.

? Find out the oddman(a) Lampoon (b) Satire(c) Comedy (d) Tragedy

D¯cw (d) Tragedy: aäp-Åh FÃmw tIma-Un-I-fm-Wv.Lampoon F¶m Hcp hyànsb tXtPm-h[wsN¿p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ At£-]-lm-ky-am-Wv(satire).

Lyrics : mh-Ko-X-§Ä Epics : CXn-lm-k-§Ä Ode : k¦oÀ¯\w Saga : Record of the oral part of history. Biography : Poh-N-cn{Xw Parallel Lives is the first biography in litera-

ture. Its author is Plutarch. Autobiography : Bß-IY Memoirs : kvac-Wn-IIÄ Reminiscence : HmÀ½-¡p-dn- p-IÄ Catharsis : Purification or purgation of emotions

through drama. Greek critics consideredCatharsis as the aim of tragedies.

Greek LiteratureGreek literature(bh\ kmln-Xyw) is the oldest

and most influential national literature in the westernworld. Greek culture is also known as Hellenic Culture Iliad and Odyssey are the two famous Greek

epics written by Homer. Iliad tells the story of Trojan War. Its hero is

Achilles.

WORLDINDIANae-bmfw

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Achilles’ heel Fs¶mcp ssien Xs¶-bp-­v.The weak point or vulnerable point in one F¶m-Wn-Xnsâ AÀ°w.

{Ko¡v lotdm Bbn-cp¶ A¡n-e-kns\ h[n-¨XvA¼v At±-l- nsâ D¸p-än-bn Xd- n- n«m-Wv. Hcphcw kn²n- -Xn\m At±-l- nsâ ico-c- n asäm-cn-S¯pw At¼Â¡n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.

Odyssey relates to the adventures of theGreek hero Odysseus or Ulysses.

Odyssey: Therefore the word also means a long,hazardous, adventurous journey. Well known Greek dramatists are Aeschylus,

Sophocles, Euripides and Aristophanes.Aristophanes wrote comedies, and others areclassical tragedy writers.

Dramatist = Playwright Herodotus : Father of history. Demosthenese : Well known Greek orator. Xenophon : Greek historian, philosopher and

soldier. Ct±lw tkm{I-«o-knsâ injy-\m-bn-cp¶p.

Sophocles : Oedipus the King Oedipus Complex : An unconscious sexual

desire that a son feel forhis mother.

Electra Complex : An unconscious sexualfeeling that a daughterfeels for her father.

Plato : The Republic

Socrates was a famous Greek Philosopher. Hemlock : tkm{I-«o -kns\ h[n-¡m³

\ÂInb hnjw.

tkm{I-«o-knsâ injy-\m-bn-cp¶p t¹täm,t¹täm-bpsS injy³ þ Acn-tÌm-«nÂ.

Aristotle : Poetics, Politics Aristotle was the tutor of Alexander the

Great Nostradamas : Centuries

There is a general feeling that the predictionsmade by Nostradamas in his books provedto be true in modern times.

The motto of Epicurean philosophy - Eat, drinkand be merry, for tomorrow we may die.

Hedonism is another name for Epicureanphilosophy.

Sappho was the famous Greek poetess. Nikos Kazantzakis : The Last Temptation of

Christ.Cu ]pkvX-I-amWv {InkvXp-hnsâ Bdmw Xncp-ap-dnhv F¶ \mSIambn ]n.-Fw. BâWn ae-bm-f- n Ah-X-cn- n- -Xv.

Latin LiteratureThe writings of ancient Rome are classified as

Latin Literature. Virgil : Aeneid

The hero of Aeneid is Aeneas. Horace is another well known Latin writer who

specialised in both lyric and satire. Seneca is the well known stoic philosopher

of the first century AD. Stoic means unmoved by either pain or plea-

sure. Ovid : Metamorphoses

Italian Literature Dante : The Divine Comedy Giovanni Boccaccio : Deccameron

Stories Nicholo Machiavelli : The Prince

IuSn-Ãysâ AÀ°-im-kv{X-t¯mSv D]-an-¡m-hp¶ ]pkvX-I-amWv Zn {]n³kv.

Bkq-{Xn-X-ambn IW-¡p-Iq-«ep-IÄ \S¯nAXn-\-\p-k-cn¨v X{´-]qÀÆw Bfp-Isf

TOPPERS CORNER

Novel : F¶ hm¡nsâ AÀ°w ]pXn-bXv (new)F¶-Xm-Wv.

Murasaki Shikibu of Japan wrote the first novelin the world The Tale of Genji.

A Summary of French History, Century by Centuryis the first book for the blind printed in 1837 usingbraille, a system of raised dots invented by LouisBraille.

The Murder in the Rue Morgue written by EdgarAllan Poe is the first true detective story.

Whodunit = detective story Journey to the Centre of Earth written by Jules

Verne is the first science fiction (imkv{X-t\m-hÂ).

Sully Prudhomme, the French poet won the firstNobel Prize for Literature (1901).

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Ipcp-¡p-¶-hnÃs\ Machiavellian villainF¶p hnfn-¡p-¶p.

Petrarch is the Italian poet celebrated for hissonnets.

Mario Puzo (USA) : The Godfather

Victor Hugo : Les Miserables: The Hunchback of

Notre Dame \me- m«v \mc-b-W-ta-t\m³ Les Miserables

F¶ t\mh-ens\ ]mh-§Ä F¶ t]cnÂXÀÖa sNbvXn-«p-­v.

Alexander Dumas : The Count of MonteCristo

: The Three Musketeers Emile Zola : Nana Jules Verne : Around the World in

EightyDays Jules Verne was the founder of the science

fiction novel (imkv{X t\mh-ep-IÄ)

German Literature Goethe : Dr. Faust

: The Sorrows of YoungWerther

Sigmond Freud : Interpretation of Dreams knÜ­v t{^mbn-Unsâ \mSv Bkv{Sn-b.

Herman Hesse : Siddhartha Hesse, the winner of the Nobel Prize for

Literature - 1946, is the grandson of HermanGundert (slÀa³ Kp­À«v).

Gunter Grass : The Tin Drum (X-I-c-s -­) He won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1999.

Adolf Hitler : Mein Kampf Hitler was known as Fuhrer (the leader) The

meaning of the term Mein Kampf is “MyStruggle”.

Karl Marx : Das Capital (aqe-[-\w) Communist Manifesto was jointly written

by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. Franz Kafka : The Castle

: The Trail: The Metamorphosis

His vision of lonely individuals trapped inbureaucratic or legal labyrinths (\nb-a-¡p-cp-¡p-IÄ) can be seen as a powerfulmetaphor for modern experience.

Friedrich Nietzsche (s{^-U-dnIv \ntj) was awell known German philosopher. He argued thatGod is dead and therefore people were free tocreate their own values. \mkn-k-¯nsâ hn¯p-IÄ Ct±-l- nsâ

X¯z-Nn- -I-fn thtcm-Sp-¶-Xmbn ImWmw.Hcp AXn-a-\p-jysâ krjvSn (Superman)

am^nb (mafia) kwL-§Ä¡v t]cv tI«Øe-amWv Cä-en-bnse knkn-en. knkn-en-bn \n¶pw Ata-cn-¡³ sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fn-te¡v IpSn-tb-dnb Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nsâ IY-bmWv tKmUv mZ-dnse DÅ-S-¡w.

Pope John Paul II : Crossing the Threshold ofHope.

French Literature {^©v X¯z-Nn- -bnse {XnaqÀ¯n-IÄ F¶-dn-

b-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cmWv, Montesquieu, Voltaire andRousseau

Rousseau : The Social Contract “Man is born free but everywhere he is in

chains” is a quote of Rousseau. “Liberty, equality, fraternity,” the slogan of

French Revolution, are also the words ofRousseau

Balzac : 19þmw \qäm-­nse {]i-kvX-\mb {^©vt\mh-en-Ìv. The Human Comedy bmWv {][m-\-Ir-Xn.

Guy de Maupassant : {]ikvX {^©v sNdp-I-Ym-Ir- v. {][m\ IY Ball of Fat.

Albert Camus : The Outsider: The Rebel: The Plague

Jean-Paul Sartre: Age of Reason. Sartre refused to accept the Nobel Prize for

Literature. He belonged to the class of writers known

as existentialists. (AkvXn- z-hm-Zn-IÄ)

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bpsS Bh-iy-IX Ct±-l- nsâ X¯z-Nn´ shfn-s¸-Sp- p-¶p.

American Literature America is known as New England. Washington Irving : Rip Van Winkle Harriet Beecher Stowe : Uncle Tom’s Cabin ASn-a-Xz- n-s\-Xnsc Fgp-X-s¸« t\mh Nathaniel Hawthorne : The Scarlet Letter Herman Melville : Moby Dick Hcp jmÀ¡v ({km-hv) s\ tI{µ-I-Ym-]m-{X-am¡n

Fgp-Xnb t\mhÂ. Ralph Waldo Emerson : Self Reliance

: Nature Mark Twain : Adventures of Tom

Sawyer: Adventures of

Huckleberry Finn amÀIvsSzbnsâ bYmÀ°-t]cv Samuel Clemens Robert Frost : The Pasture,

: Mending WallThe woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep And miles to go before I sleep.

are the famous lines of Robert Frost William Faulkner : The Sound and the

Fury

1949  t^mÄ¡-\À¡v kmln-Xy-¯n\vt\m_ k½m\w e`n- p.

Ezra Pound : A Retrospect (Essay) Eugine O’Neil : Emperor Jones (Drama) Arthur Miller : Death of a Salesman

(Drama) Hellen Keller was the U.S deaf and blind author

and educator. Thomas Paine : English left wing, political writer.

His impotant books are the Commonsense, TheRights of Man. He was active in American andFrench Revolutions. Ata-cn-¡³ hn¹-h- n\v{]tNm-Z\w \ÂInb ]pkvX-I-amWv Common-sense.

Henry David Thoreau : Walden: Civil Disobedience.

Walt Whitman : Leaves of Grass Sylvia Plath : The Bell Jar

{]ikvX Ata-cn-¡³ Ih-bn-{Xn-bmbknÂhn-b 29-þmw hb-kn Bß-lXysNbvXp. Cw¥ojv Ihn Ted Hughes s\hnhmlw Ign¨p F¦nepw ]n¶oSv AhÀthÀ]n-cn-ªp.

Earnest Hemingway : The Old Man and theSea

: A Farewall to Arms: For Whom the Bell

Tolls: The Snows of

Kilimanjaro 1954þÂ sl½nMv thbv¡v t\m_Â k½m\w

e`n-¨p.

He committed suicide to end his colourful literary andadventurous life.

English Literature Geoffrey Chaucer : The Canterbury

TalesChaucer is the father of English poetry.

Pearl. S. Buck : Good Earth Lewis Caroll : Alice in Wonderland Charles Dickens : The Pickwick Papers,

: A Tale of Two Cities

EXTRA POINTS

World Book Day and Copyright Day- April 23

April 23 is the birthday as well as the deathday of William Shakespeare, the Englishdramatist.

International Book Year (UN)-1972 World Literacy Day: September 8 World Mother Language Day: February 21 International Literacy Year - 1990 Year of Books (India)2001-02 “Books for All and All for Books” – slogan

for the Year of Books (2002) UNESCO has adopted New Delhi as the World

Books Capital for 2003.

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: David Copperfield: Oliver Twist: Great Expectations

Daniel Defoe : Robinson Crusoe Sir Arthur Conan

Doyle : The Adventures ofSherlock Holmes

T.S. Eliot : The Waste Land.: Murder in the Cathedral

E.M. Forster : A Passage to India. Oliver Goldsmith : The Vicar of Wakefield Jane Austen : Pride and Prejudice

: Sense and Sensibility John Milton : Paradise Lost

: Paradise Regained George Orwell : Nineteen Eighty Four

: Animal Farm “All animals are equal, some animals are

more equal” is a quote from Animal Farm.

The Bard of Avonkmln-Xy-N-cn-{X- nse A\-iz-c-\mb \mS-I-Ir-¯mWv hnÃyw tjIvkv]n-bÀ (1564 þ 1616). Bardof Avon F¶ t]cn Ct±lw Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

Bard = Poet Cw¥-­nse Stratford Upon Avon BWv

tjIvkv]n-b-dpsS P·-Ø-ew.

April 23, Shakespeare’s death anniversary(also birth anniversary) is observed asWorld Book Day every year.

C´y³ tjIvkv]n-bÀ F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶XvImfn-Zm-k\mWv.

Henry VI Part I is Shakespeare’s first playand The Tempest is supposed to be hislast play.

Shakespeare wrote 37 dramas, a few po-ems and numerous sonnets.

Major Tragedies of Shakespeare Hamlet Romeo and Juliet King Lear Othello Macbeth

Major Comedies of Shakespeare A Midsummer Night’s Dream The Merchant of Venice Much Ado About Nothing

As You Like It Twelfth Night All’s Well that Ends Well The Comedy of Errors Love’s Labours Lost

Roman Plays of Shakespeare JuliusCeasar Antony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Ceaser and Cleopatra F¶ IrXn George

Bernard Shaw bptS-Xm-Wv. Other important Plays of Shakespeare

The Taming of the Shrew The Two Gentlemen of Verona Measure for Measure The Winter’s Tale The Tempest

William Wordsworth isthe most famous naturepoet in English literature. “Child is the father of

man” F¶ {]kn-²-hm-¡p-IÄ WordsworthtâXm-Wv.

John Keats : Ode on a Grecian Urn “Beauty is truth, and truth beauty” and

“A thing of beauty is a joy for ever” “Heardmelodies are sweet but those unheard aresweeter” are the famous lines of Keats.

Sir Thomas Moore : Utopia ka¯z kpµ-c-amb Hcp BZÀi-tem-I-amWv

Dt«m-]y. Utopian ideas F¶m {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡m³

Ign-bm¯ Bi-b-§Ä F¶mWv AÀ°w. R.L. Stevenson : The Treasure Island H.G. Wells : Time Machine

: The Invisible Man Oscar Wilde : The Importance of

Being Earnest John Ruskin : Unto This Last

Unto This Last is the book whichinfluenced Mahatma Gandhi to have a newvision in life.

George Bernard Shaw: The Apple Cart: Arms and the Man: Candida

Wordsworth

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: Caesar and Cleopatra: Doctor’s Dilema

Alfred Tennyson : The Lotus Eaters: In Memmorium

W.M. Thackeray : Vanity Fair Cu t\mh-ens\ Bkv]-Z-am¡n aoc-m\m-bÀ

kwhn-[m\w sNbvX kn\n-a-bmWv VanityFair.

Sir William Golding: Lord of the Flies

Larry Collins &Dominique Lapiare : Freedom at Midnight It is about India’s freedom struggle written

in the form of a novel James Joyce : Ulysses Samuel Beckett : Waiting for Godot Emily Bronte : Wuthering Heights Edmund Burke : On Government S.T. Coleridge : The Ancient Mariner Edward Gibbon : History of the Decline

and Fall of the RomanEmpire

Edmund Spenser : Fairie Queen John Bunyan : The Pilgrim’s Progress Alexander Pope : Rape of the Lock John Dryden : The Battle of Books Jonathan Swift : Gulliver’s Travels Samuel Richardson : Pamela Samuel Johnson : well known lexicogra-

pherwho compiled the first dictionary in English.

Richard Sheriden : The Rivals: The School for Scan-

dal Thomas Grey : Ode to a Country

Churchyard Lord Byron : Child Harold’s Pil-

grimage P.B. Shelley : Ode to the Westwind

: Adonis “If winter comes can spring be far behind”

sjÃn-bpsS hcn-I-fm-Wv.

Walter Scott : Kennilworth: Ivanhoe

kn.-hn. -cm -a³ ]nÅbmWv tIc-f-¯nsehmÄ«Àkvt¡m«v F¶-dn-b-s -Sp-¶-Xv.

Charles Lamb : Tales from Shakespeare ‘Elia’ is Lamb’s pen name.

Thomas De Quincey: Confession of anEnglish Opium Eater.

George Eliot : Adam Bede,: Silas Marner: The Mill on the Floss

Mary Ann Evans is the real name of GeorgeEliot.

Thomas Hardy : Far from the MaddingCrowd

: The Mayor of CasterBridge

: Tess of the d’Urberville: Return of the Native

Most of his novels are set in rural Wessex. D.H. Lawrence : Lady Chatterley’s

Lover: Sons and Lovers

Virginia Woolf : To the Lighthouse Stream of Consciousness (t_m-[-[mcm coXn)

F¶ cN\m kt¦Xw D]-tbm-Kn¨v t\mh-ep-IÄ cNn- -h-cpsS Iq«- n hcp¶ Fgp- p-Im-cmWv Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, Will-iam Faulkner XpS-§n-b-hÀ.

Aldous Huxley : The Brave New World Graham Greene : The Power and Glory Kingley Amis : Lucky Jim

Russian Literature Leo Tolstoy : War and Peace

(bp²hpw kam-[m-\-hpw)

: Anna Karenina: Resurrection

(DbÀs -gp-t¶Â v)

Tolstoy was Mahatma Gandhi’s favouritenovelist.

Anton Chekov : Cherry Orchard Fydor Dostoevskey : Crime and

Punishment

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: Brother Karamazov Human conflict and psychology are

portrayed well in Dostoevskey’s novels. Maxim Gorky : The Mother (A-½)

The Mother is written in the pre-revolutionary background of Russia.

Boris Pasternak : Dr. Zhivago tUm. jnhmtKm F¶ ]pkvXIw djy-bn \ntcm-

[n -¨n -cp -¶p. Cu ]pkvX-I-¯n\v t\m_Âk½m\w \ÂIn F¦nepw ]mÌÀ\m¡v AXv \nc-kn-¨p. kmln-Xy-¯n\v BZy-ambn t\m_Âk½m\w e`n¨ djy³ kmln-Xy-Im-c-\mWvt_mdnkv ]mÌÀ\m-¡v.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn : Cancer Ward Mikhail Sholokov:And Quiet Flows the Don Alexander Pushkin: was a well known Russian

poet and writer.

Latin American LiteratureZ£nW Ata-cn-¡³ cmPy-§-fn Fgp-X-s¸«

kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fmWv emän³ Ata-cn-¡³ kmln-Xyw.sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-¯n-sâbpw tkzÑm-[n-]-Xy-¯n-tâbpwcq]-h-i-§Ä A\p- -hn¨ hen-sbmcp P\-X-bpsS Bßm-hn-jvIm-c-amWv Cu kmln-Xyw.

Gabriel Garcia Marquez: One Hundred Years

of Solitude: Love in the Time of

Cholera: The Autumn of the

Patriarch: Of Love and Demons

He won Nobel Prize in 1982. Magical realism F¶ cN\mcoXn-bmWv

amÀt¡mkns\ {it²-b-\m-¡n-b-Xv.

Pablo Neruda : Dario Ruben temI-{]-i-kvX-\mb Cu Nnen-b³ Ihn¡v

1971 -þÂ kmln-Xy -¯n -\pÅ t\m_Âk½m\w e`n- p.

Che Guera : Bolivian Diary kzmX-{ -k-ac tk\m-\nbpw hn¹-h-Im-cnbpw

Kdnà t\Xm-hp-am-bn-cp¶ tNKp-hc t_mfn-hnb³ ]«m-f-¡mcm cà-km-£n¯zwhcn- p.

Chilean Poet Gabriela Mistral became the firstLatin American (1945) to receive the Nobel Prizefor Literature.

Octavia Paz (Mexico) : In Light of India

HARRY POTTER

J.K.Rowling sâ t\mh ]c-¼-c-bmWv Harry Potter. temI-sa-¼m-Sp-apÅ

Ip«n-I-fpsS a\-Ên Ønc {]Xn£vT t\Sm³ lmcn-t]m-«À¡v Ign-ª-XmWv

dufn§ns\ temI {]i-kvX-bmb Fgp- p-Im-cn-bm¡n amän-b-Xv.

1. Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix2. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone3. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret4. Harry Potter and Prisoner of Azkaban5. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire6. The Harry Potter and Half Blood Prince.

The last and 7th book in the serious has been released in 2007 its name is7. Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows.

lmcn-t]m-«À ]c-¼c ChnsS Ah-km-\n-¡p¶p F¶mWv Fgp- p-Imcn kqNn- n- -Xv.

Swan Song (lwk-Km-\w): Hcm-fpsS Ah-km\ IrXn AsÃ-¦n Ah-km-\s¯ Ah-X-c-W- n\v(\m-S-I-\-S³, IY-Ifn \S³) Swan Song F¶mWv ]d-bp-I.

Debut: First performance, maiden speech, maiden appearance, BZy {]kwKw, BZym-h-Xc-Ww.

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saIvkn-¡³ Ihn-bmb Ct±-l-¯n\v 1990-þÂkmln-Xy- n\v t\m_Â k½m\w e`n- p.C´y-bnse saIvkn-¡³ Øm\-]-Xn-bmbpwCt±lw tkh\w A\p-jvTn- n-«p-­v.

African American LiteratureAfrican American literature is written by black

American of African descent. Toni Morrison : Jazz

: Song of Solomon Toni Morrison became the first African

American writer (1993) to be awarded NobelPrize for Literature.

Black Literature Wole Soynika : The Lion and the Jewel

Wole Soynika, the Nigerian author and dra-matist is the first African (1986) to receiveNobel Prize for Literature.

Ken Sara Wiva was the Nigerian poet and hu-man right activist who was hanged by the gov-ernment for his unconventional views.

Japanese Literature Kawabata Yasunari : Snow Country He was the first Japanese (1968) to win Nobel

Prize for Literature

Ancient Indian Authors Kalidasa : Abhijana Sakuthalam

: Malavikagnimitra: Megadoot: Raghuvamsa

Chanakya : Arthasastra Panini : Ashtadhyayi Vaghbata : Ashtangahridaya Aswaghosh : Buddhacharita Abul Fazal : Ain-i-Akbari

: Akbarnama Jayadeva : Gita Govinda Megasthanese : Indica Banabhatta : Kadambari

: Harshacharita Vatsyayana : Kamasutra Bhaskaracharya : Leelavathi

: Siddhanta Shiromani Manu : Manusmriti Visakhadatta : Mudrarakshasa Bharata Muni : Natyasastra Vishnu Sharma : Panchathantra Kalhana : Rajatarangini Harsha Vardhana : Ratnavali Tiruvalluvar : Tirukkural Bilhana : Viramangadevicharitha Bhavabhoothi : Uttara Ramacharitham Bhasa : Swapnavasavadatta Sattanar : Manimekhalai Thulasi Das : Ramacharitamanas

: Vinaya Patrika

PEN NAMES OF FAMOUS WRITERS

Names Pen Names

Charles Dodgson ........................ Lewis CarrollMary Ann Evans ...........................George EliotSamuel Clemens ............................ Mark TwainH.H. Munro............................................... SakiWilliam Sydney Porter ........................ O. HenryCharles Dickens ......................................... BozCharles Lamb ............................................. EliaFrancis Marie Arouet ............................ VoltaireErick Blair ................................... George Orwell

Alexi Maksimov Peshkov .......... Maxim GorkeyJ.K.Chesterton ........................................ OrionGeorge Bernard Shaw ............................... G.B.SAnne Bronte ................................... Acton BellCharlotte Bronte ..................................... CurrerEmile Herzog ............................ Andre MauroisCharles Farrar Browne ............... Artemus WardFrederic Dannav and Manfred B. Lee.................................................... Ellery QueenEmily Bronte ........................................Ellis BellAmandine Dupin .......................... George SandDavid Cornwell ............................. John le CarreAgatha Christie .................... Mary WestmacottBenjamin Franklin ......................... Poor Richard

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Indian LiteratureChithirappavai ............................. P.V. AkilandamThe Fall of a Sparrow ............................ Salim Ali {]i-kvX- ]£n\nco-£-I-\mWv (Ornithologist)

kenw Aen

Ganadevata ............. Tara Shankar BandopadyayaHimalayan Blunder ................................ J.P. DalviI am Not an Island ................................ K.A. AbbasI Dare ...................................... Parmesh Dangwal CXv Inc¬ t_Zn-bpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-amWv

I Follow the Mahatma ....................... K.M.MunshiIndia for Sale ....................... Chitra SubramaniamIndia of Our Dreams .......................... K.V. KamathA Tribute to Indian Judiciary ..... Poornima AdvaniInside CBI .................................... Joginder SinghThe Judgement ............................... Kuldip NayyarKagaz Te Kanwas ........................... Amrita PritamKanthapura ............................................ Raja RaoKanyadaan ................................. Vijay TendulkarKashmir: A Tragedy of Errors .......... Tavleen SinghKashmir- Behind the Vale .................... M.J. AkbarLaw Verses Justice .....................V.R. Krishna IyerManeaters of Kumaon ........................ Jim Corbett Jim Corbett National Park (Uttaranchal) Ct±-l-

¯nsâ kvac-WmÀ°w \ÂIn-b-Xm-Wv.

Mother India ................................ Katherine MayoPratham Pratishruti ..................... Ashapurna DeviReminiscences of the Nehru Era ........ M.O. MathaiRiding the Nuclear Tiger ........................... N. Ram Hindu ]{X-¯nsâ Editor BWv N. RamSatyartha Prakash ..Swami Dayananda SaraswathiSavithri ......................................Aurobindo GhoshStolen Harvest ................................. Vandana Siva{]ikvX ]cn-ØnXn {]hÀ¯-I-bmWv hµ\ inh

Tamas ........................................... Bhishma SahniYama ........................................... Mahadevi VarmaYayati ........................................... V.S.KhandekarYears of Pilgrimage .................. Dr. Raja RamannaZulfi my Friend .................................... Piloo Mody

Indian Writers in EnglishSalman Rushdie : Step Across this Line(Settled in England) : The Fury

: Juguar Smile: Midnight’s Children: Satanic Verses: The Moor’s Last Sigh: The Ground Beneath Her Feet

Shalimar the ClownRohinton Mistry : Family Matters,(Settled in Canada) : A Fine BalanceAnita Desai : Fasting and Feasting

: A Village by the Sea

Arundhati Roy : The God of Small Things(Booker Prize - 1997) : The End of Imagination

: Greater Common Good: Algebra of Infinite Justice

Vikram Seth : The Golden Gate,: Avion and the Dolphin: An Equal Music: A Suitable Boy, Two Lives

Nirad C. Chauduri : A Passage to England(passed away in : The Autobiography of in England) an Unknown Indian,

: Culture in the Vanity BagShashi Tharoor : The Great Indian Novel

: God’s Own CountryV.S. Naipaul : Half a Life(Settled at Trinidad) : Beyond Belief

: A House for Mr. Biswas: In a Free State: The Enigma of Arrival

Kiran Desai : The Inheritance of Loss She is the daughter of

Anitha Desai and winnerof 2006 Man Booker Prize.

Rushdie Rohinton

Anita Desai Arundhati Vikram Seth Chauduri

Shashi Tharoor V.S. Naipaul Kiran Desai

2 3 1

Gitanjali , Chandalika,Post Office ............................ Rabindranath TagoreThe Coolie,The Untouchable ........................ Mulk Raj AnandLife Divine .................................Aurobindo GhoshThe Guide,Malgudi Days,Swami and Friends .......................... R.K. NarayanAnandmath ,Durgesh Nandini ......Bankim Chandra ChatterjeeBroken Wings, Bird of Time ............. Sarojini Naidu Naidu is known as the ‘Nightingale of India’Godan ............................................... Prem ChandA Train to Pakistan,Book of Unforgettable Women,Truth, Love and a Little Malice ... Kushwant Singh

James W. Laine : A Hindu King inIslamic India

Vikram seth : Two Lives Anand Kurian : The Pedler of Soaps

C´y³ Cw¥ojv t\mh cwKs¯ Fgp- p-Im-

c\mWv B\-µv

K. Venkata Subramanian(He is the member of Planning Commission)

: Transformation of Indiaas Knowledge of SuperPower : Strategies forAction

Peter Murray : World Cup Cricket s^{_-h-cn-bn \S-¶ temI-I¸v {In¡-äp-

ambn _Ô-s¸« BZy ]pkvX-I-am-Wn-Xv Tyeb Mehta : Where Art Thou?

Biography of M.F. Hussain Satish Gujral : A Brush with Life Sharat Chandra

Chatterjee : Devdas Andrew Morton : Diana, The True Story Daleep Kaur : Katha Kaho Urvasi

Amitav Ghosh : Circle of Reason: The Countdown: The Glass Palace

Stephen Ambrose : The Wide Blue Manil Suri : Death of Vishnu Taslima Nasreen : Lajja

: French Lover: Untamed Wind: Utal Hawa: My Childhood Days

David Davidar : The House of BlueMangoes

Yann Martel : Life of Pi 2002-þse am³ _p¡À ss{]kv e`n- Xv Cu

]pkXvI- n-\m-Wv. Raj Kamal Jha : The Blue Bedspread Girish Karnad : The Fire and the Rain Amit Chaudhari : Freedom Song Manjula Padmanabhan

: Harvest Gao Xinggjian : Soul Mountain

He is the winner of Nobel Prize for Literature(2000).

Imre Kertesz : Fateless: Kudish for a Child Not

Born He is the winner of Nobel Prize for Literature

2002. Peter Carey : True History of

KellyGang This won the Booker Prize of 2001.

IMPORTANT JUBILEES ANDTHEIR SPAN OF TIME

Celebrations YearsIron ........................................................... 5Tin ........................................................... 10Crystal ..................................................... 15China ....................................................... 20Silver ....................................................... 25Pearl ......................................................... 30Coral ........................................................ 35Ruby........................................................ 40Sapphire ................................................... 45Golden ..................................................... 50Emerald .................................................... 55Diamond ............................................. 60/65Platinum ................................................... 75Centinary ............................................... 100

2 3 2

temIs¯ amän-a-dn-¡m³ F´mWv Ffp- -amÀ¤w?Write and publish books. If masses takes fancyfor your book, the world gets changed.

Interpretation of Dreams: Sigmond FreudBkv{Sn-b³ a\:imkv{X-

Ú-\mb knÜ­v t{^mbvUv(Sigmond Freud) sâ Cu]pkvXIw temI-¯n\ v]pXnb Hc-\p- -h-Xew am{X-aà k½m-\n¨Xv. a\p-jy-a-\-Ênsâ \nKqU D]-t_m[ Xe-§-fn-te¡v Dufn-bn-«nd§n a\-

Ênsâ kw{`-a-P-\-I-§-fmb hn{`m- n-Isf Xncn- -dn-bm-\p-apÅ DÄ¡mgvN Fgp- p-ImÀ¡v \ÂIn.a\p-jy\v uXnI cq]-¯n-\p-]-cn-bmbn kq£va-ambnA{]-{K-Yn-¡-s¸-tS­ B´-cnI temI-ap-s­¶Adnhv kmln-Xy-tem-Is¯ am{X-aà a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-¯ns\ Xs¶ ASn-apSn kzm[o-\n-¨p. IYm am[y-a-§-fn a\-:im-kv{X-hn-i-I-e-\-¯n\v CXv XpS¡wIpdn-¨p. kmln-Xy -¯n psychoanalysis-\v]pXnb am\-§Ä \ÂInb asämcp a\:imkv{X-Ú-\mWv Karl Jung.

The Origin of Species: Charles DarwinEnglish \m¨-dn-en-Ìmb

Charles Darwin sâ Cu]pkvXIw bmY-mkvYnXnItemI-¯ns\ sR«n-¡p-IbpwDd¡w sISp¯pIbpwsNbvX -Xnsâ Ae -IÄCt¸mgpw Ah-km-\n- n-«n-Ã.]cn-]m-h-\-amb ssZh-kr-jvSn-

bmbn a\p-jy-\pÄs¸-sS-bpÅ Poh-Pm-e-§sfI­p-sIm­v Xr]vXcm-bn-cp¶ Hcp kaq-l- nÂ,X§Ä ]cn-Wmaw hgn krjvSn-¡-s¸«XmsW¶vsXfnhv klnXw Xsâ ]pkvX-I- n {]Xn-]m-Zn¡pt¼mÄ sR«-ep-­m-bn-sÃ-¦nte AÛp-X-s¸tS-­-XpÅp . ]cn -Wm -a -kn -²m -´-¯nsâ(Theory of Evolution) A´-: k¯ DÄs¡m-

Åp¶ ]pkvX-I-amWv Origin of Species. Descent of Man is Charles Darwin’s another im-

portant book.Das Capital (aq-e-[-\w): Karl Marx

{]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s -«-tXmsStemI-N-cn-{X- n\v KXn-amäw(hyXn -bm\w) hcp -¯nb]pkvX-I-amWv ImdÂamÀIvknsâ (Karl Marx) ZmkvIm¸n-ä AYhm aqe-[-\w.temI¯v tkmjy-en-khpwI½yq -Wn -khpw hfÀ¶vhcm\pw tkmhn-bäv bqWn-b³,

ssN\, F¶n-h-bpsS krjvSn¡pw Ing-¡³ bqtdm-¸y³ cmPy-§Ä sNs¦mSn ab-am-¡m\pw Imc-W-amb{]Xyb imkv{X¯nsâ thcp-IÄ aqe-[-\¯nÂImWmw. a\p-jy-N-cn{Xw \ne-\n¡p¶ Ime-t¯mfwCu ]pkvX-I-w {]k-à-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

Imd amÀIvkpw s^U-dn¡v FwKÂkpw tNÀ¶vFgp-Xnb The Communist Manifesto F¶IrXnbpw CtXm-sSm¸w {]k-à-am-bn.

km¼- nI cwK¯v Ne-\-§Ä krjvSn¨ IrXn-bm-Wv The Wealth of Nations by Adams Smith

Gandhiji sb kzm[o-\n¨ ]pkvX-I-amWv Unto theLast by John Ruskin.

temI-¯pÅ Ip«n-Isf hnkva-b- nsâ apÄap-\-bn \ndp¯n ckn- n-¡p¶ Fgp- p-Im-cn-bmWvHarry Potter IY-I-fpsS D]-Úm-Xm-hmbJ.K. Rowling.

temI-¯pÅ {InkvXob hnizm-kn-Isf sNmSn-¸n¨IrXn-bm-Wv Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown

Umhn©n tImUv F¶ kn\na kwhn-[m\wsNbvXXv Ron Howards.

temI- nse Gähpw henb k¼-¶-\mb _nÂtKävkv DÄs -sS-bpÅ B[p-\nIsc Ccp n Nn n-¸n¨ IrXn-bmWv The World is Flat by ThomasL. Friedman.

THE EASIEST WAY TO CHANGE THE WORLD

R.K. Narayan : The Writerly Life Margaret Atwood : The Blind Assassin Pat Barkar : The Ghost Road Usha Jesudasan : I Will Lie Down in Peace Manju Kapur : Difficult Daughters Allan Sealy : The Everest Hotel Ismail Merchant : My Passage from India

Judith Cornell : Healing the Heart of theWorld

Biography of Matha Amrithanandamayi bythe Dutch author)

John Kenneth Galbraith : A China Passage

2 3 3

Stanley Wolfer : A Tryst with Destiny Arthur Hailey : Airport Janardhan Thakur: All the Prime Minister’s

Men Richard Burton : Arabian Nights Lewis Wallace : Benhur Joseph Heller : Catch 22 Agatha Christie : The Mouse Trap Henry Ibsen : Doll’s House

Ibsen is well known as Norwegian dramatist

Fatima Meer : Higher than Hope CXv s\Âk¬ at­-e-bpsS Poh Ncn-{X-

amWv. Rudyard Kipling : Jungle Book Michael Crichton : Jurassic Park Graham Swift : Last Orders Thomas Hobbes : Leviathen Omar Khayyam : Rubiyat Adam Smith : Wealth of Nations

AutobiographiesA Passion for Dance .......... Yamini KrishnamurthiMy Music, My Life ........................... Ravi ShankarTiger’s Tale ......................Mansur Alikhan PataudiAn Indian Pilgirm ...............Subash Chandra BoseThe Tunnel of Time ............................ R.K. LaxmanLong Walk to Freedom ................. Nelson MandelaMy Experiments with Truth ......... Mahatma GandhiIn the Afternoon of Time ..... Harivansh Rai BachanMan of Everest ............................. Tenzing NorgeyNothing Venture, Nothing Win Sir Edmund HillaryRasidi Ticket .................................. Amrita Pritam

Renowned Personalitiesand their Books

Jhumpa Lahiri ........... The Interpreter of MaladiesIndira Parthasarathy ........................... RamanujanIan McEwan ..........................................AmsterdamBill Gates ......... Business at the Speed of Thought, The Road AheadIan Barbour ........... Issues of Science and ReligionDr. Abraham Varghese ............... My Own CountryS.S. Gill ................... The Pathology of CorruptionP.V. Narasimha Rao ............................. The InsiderDalai Lama ................................ Freedom in ExileAhmed Kathrada ......... Letters from Robben IslandSwami Vivekananda ...........................Bhakti YogaBalwant Gargi .............................. Naked TriangleK.P.S Gill .......... Punjab: The Knight of FalsehoodNadine Gordimer ............................... The Pick upPupul Jayakar ......... Indira Gandhi : A biographyRichard Attenborough ............ In Search of Gandhi

FAMOUS CHARACTERSAND THEIR CREATORS

Desdemona ................................. ShakespeareDon Juan ...................................... Lord ByronAnna Karenina ............................ .Leo TolstoyAriel ............................................ ShakespeareBrutus ......................................... ShakespeareChristian .................................... John BunyanDon Quixote .................................... CerventesGora ................................Rabindranath TagoreMicky Mouse ...............................Walt DisneyFriday ......................................... Daniel DefoeHercule Poirot ........................ Agatha ChristieIago ............................................ ShakespeareJames Bond ................................... Ian FlemingJean Val Jean ................................ Victor HugoKim ....................................... Rudyard KiplingSancho Panza .................................. CervantesSherlock Holmes .............. Arthur Conan DoyleDr. Watson ...................... Arthur Conan DoyleDr. Zhivago ............................. Boris PasternakBatman ............................................ Bob KanePhantom .................................... Leon Lee FalkMandrake.................................. Leon Lee FalkPeanuts ................................... Charles SchtluzTintin .................................................... HergeAsterix .............................. Gossini and UderzoMowghuli ............................. Rudyard KiplingTarzan .............................. Edge Rice BurroughDracula ...................................... Bram StockerRobinson Crusoe ........................ Daniel Defoe

2 3 4

Mark Tully........................... India in Slow MotionShobha De ................................Socialite EveningsK.P.S. Menon .................... Memories and MusingsR.K. Laxman .............................. Servants of IndiaAmartya Sen ................. Development as Freedom, Poverty and Famine He won Nobel Prize for Economics in 1998.M.S. Swaminathan ................ From Rio de JaneirotoJohnasburgStephen Hawking .............. A Brief History of Time,

The Universe in a NutshellKiran Bedi ............................ It is Always Possible,

What Went Wrong?, As I See

Noam Chomsky .......................... The Rogue StatesDomanique Lapierre and Javier Moro ........................................ It was Five Past Midnight in Bhopal

Nicholas Negroponte: .......................Being DigitalKaterine Frank ............ Indira - The Life of Indira-

Nehru and GandhiRam Jethmalani ................... Big Egos, Small MenVarghese Kurian ............... The Unfinished DreamJust. V.R. Krishna Iyer ................. Death and AfterLouis Fischer........................ A Week with GandhiGunnar Myrdal ................. An American Dilemma,

Asian DramaSir John Hunt ....................... Ascent of the EverestSwaraj Paul ........................... Beyond BoundariesMira Nair......................................... Vedic Stories

Indian Summers... John Wright (former New Zealand Captain)

Falling Over Backwards .......... Arun ShourieThe Da Vinci Code .................... Dan BrownHarvard Crimson ......... Kaavya ViswanathanMemories of the Rationalist ... Vasanth SatheHow Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild andGot a Life ..................... Kaavya Viswanathan

The Illustrated History of the Sikhs........................................... Khushwant Singh

Pakistan Papers ..................... Mani Shankar Aiyar

Journey of a Legend ..................... Najma Heptullah

Voices in the City ................................ Anita Desai

Tsunami - 7 Hours that Shook the World

..................................................... Satinder Bindra

The Future of India : Economics, Politics andGovernance ......................................... Bimal Jalan

We Need to Talk about Kevin .........Linonel Shriver

This book won 2005 orange prize for fiction

Deception Point ...................................Dan Brown

Digital Fortress ...................................Dan Brown

The Last Mughal ....................... William Darlymple

Iron Harvest .................................... C.P.Surendran

Buddha’s Warriors .......................... Mikel Dunham

From Surprise to Victory ................ Gen. V.P. Malik

God’s Little Soldier ........................ Kiran Nagarkar

Impossible Allies ............................ C. Raja Mohan

Blood Brothers .................................... M.J. Akbar

Identity and Violence :

The Illusion of Destiny .............. Prof. Amartya Sen

The Google Story ............................. David A. Vise

I Too Had a Dream ...................... Varghese Kurien

Out of My Comfort Zone ................... Steve Waugh

As I See ................................................. Kiran Bedi

The Future of India ......................... Dr. Bimal Jalan

Sacred Games ............................... Vikram Chandra

Utopia-A Bold New World ................ Shishir Gupta

Peeling Onions ................... Autobiography of the

Nobel laureate Guenter Grass

India Legal System

.............................. Can it be saved Fali S. Nariman

Blood Brothers .................................... M.J. Akbar

2 3 5

Books by Political LeadersMargaret Thatcher ................. The Path to PowerNelson Mandela ................ Long Walk to FreedomBoris Yeltsin ........................... Against the GrainsMikhail S. Gorbachev....................... August CoupBill Clinton ................. Between Hope and HistoryHillary Clinton.............................. Living HistoryHenry Kissinger ................................. Diplomacy,

White House YearsShuttle Diplomacy bpsS D]-Úm-Xm-hmWv

sl³dn Inkn©À

Z A. Butto ............................... If Iam AssassinatedBenazir Bhutto .. Pakistan - The Gathering Storm,

Daughter of the EastDalai Lama.................. Ethics for New MillenniumAung San Suu Ki ................... Freedom from FearP\m-[n-]Xyw Øm]n-¡m³ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶

aym³am-dnse {]Xn-]£ t\Xm-hmWv Hm³ km³kqNn.

Sheikh Mujibur Rehman .......... Friends and Foes_w¥m-tZ-insâ cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hmWv apPo_qÀ

dÒm³

Winston Churchill ..................... Gathering Storm, The Second World War

c­mw temI alm-bp²w \S-¡p-t¼mÄ {_n«-Wnse {][m\ a{´n-bm-bn-cp¶p NÀ¨nÂ.

Atal Behari Vajpayee ............... New Dimensions ofIndia’s Foreign Policy

P.C. Alexander ............... The Perils of Democracy,India in the New MillenniumJaswant Singh ............................ Defending IndiaL.K. Advani ...................... A Prisoners Scrap BookArun Shourie .......................... A Secular Agenda,

Worshipping False GodsJawaharlal Nehru ........ Glimpses of World History,

An Autobiography,A Bunch of Old Letters,

Discovery of IndiaDr. S.Radhakrishnan ........... A Hindu View of Life,

Indian Philosophy,Bhagavat Gita

Annie Besant ................................. Wake up IndiaLala Lajpat Rai ............................. Unhappy IndiaGandhiji ..................................... Conquest of Self,

Hindi Swaraj,Indian Homerule,

My Early Life, Story of My Experiments with Truth

Chandra Shekar ....... Dynamics of Social ChangeRajesh Piolet ....................... Flight to ParliamentA.P.J. Abdul Kalam ........................... Wings of FireSubhash Chandra Bose .......... The Indian struggleRajendra Prasad ............................. India DividedJayaprakash Narayan ...................... Prison DiaryIndira Gandhi ................................. Eternal India,

My TruthMaulana Abdul Kalam Azad ... India Wins FreedomV.V.Giri ...................................... Job for Millions,

Voice of Conscience,Life and Times

J.N. Dixit ........................... My South Block years]mÀe-saânsâ ku¯v t»m¡n-emWv C´y³

{][m-\-a-{´n-bpsS Hm^okv ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶-Xv.

V.S. Sarvarkar ... The War of Indian IndependenceE.K. Nayanar ..................................... My StruggleE.M.S. Namboodiripad ............... Crisis into ChaosDadabhai Naoroji.................... Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India

Manohar Joshi ......................... A Speaker’s DiaryR. Ramanathan ............................. Who is Kalam?This is a biography of A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Books by Sports PersonsKapil Dev ................................... By God’s Decree,

One Day WondersSunil Gavaskar ............................................. Idol,

Sunny DaysAjit Wadekar .............. The Making of a CricketerTiger Wood ............................. How to play Golf?Allan Border ...................... Beyond Ten ThousandDhyan Chand ............................................... GoalJaved Miandad ........................... The Cutting Edge(Autobiography of the former Pakistan cricket captainJaved Miandad)

2 3 6

‘Just as I would not like to be aslave, so I would not like to bea master.’

‘A Government of the people,by the people and for the peo-ple.’

‘The unexamined life is notworth living.’

Well Known Quotations ‘The throne is but a piece of

wood covered with velvet.’ ‘Give me good mothers, I shall

give you a good nation.’ ‘There is no word such as im-

possible in my dictionary.’- Napolean Bonaparte

“Et tu Brute.” Vini Vidi Vici (I came, I saw,

I conquered)

- Abraham Lincoln ‘Give us tools and we will fin-

ish the job.’ ‘I have nothing to offer but

blood, toil, tears and sweat.’

- Sir Winston Churchill ‘If God didnot exist, it would

be necessary to invent him.’ ‘Crush the infamous thing .’

- Voltaire ‘The unexamined life is not

worth living.’ ‘Other men live to eat. I eat to

live.’ ‘Nothing can harm a good man,

either in life or after death.’ ‘I know nothing except that

facet of my ignorance.’

- Socrates ‘The gods help them who help

themselves.’- Aesop

‘The State? It is me.’- Louis XIV

‘I am not a culprit.’

- Fidel Castro ‘It was only one life, what is

one life in the affairs of a state.’- Benitto Mussolini

‘Success is the sole earthlyjudge of right and wrong.’

- Adolf Hitler

- Julius Caesar ‘I am dying with the help of too

many physicians.’- Alexander the Great

‘Let a hundred flowers bloomand let a thousand schools ofthought contend.’

‘‘Power flows from the barrel ofa gun.’’-Mao-Tse-Tung

‘‘We can secure peace only bypreparing for war.’’- John F. Kennedy

‘The living need charity morethan the dead.’- George Arnold

‘Reading maketh a full man,conference a ready man andwriting an exact man.’

‘Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed andsome few to be chewed and di-gested.’

2 3 7

‘Studies serve for delight, forornament and for ability. ’-Francis Bacon

‘All the world is a stage and allthe men and women merelyplayers.’

‘The empty vessel makes thegreatest sound.’

‘Something is rotten in the stateof Denmark.’

‘There is nothing either goodor bad but thinking makes it so.’

‘Brevity is the soul of wit.’ ‘Frailty thy name is woman.’ ‘To be or not to be, that is the

question.’ ‘Cowards die many times be-

fore their death, thevaliant never taste death butonce.’

‘Virtue is the mean state be-tween two vices, the one of ex-cess and other deficiency.’

‘End justifies the means.’- Nicholo Machiavelli

‘Genius is one percent inspira-tion and ninety nine percentperspiration.’

- Thomas Alva Edison ‘Knowledge is power.’

-Thomas Hobbes ‘Superstition is the religion of

feeble minds.’- Edmund Burke

‘The style is the man himself .’- Buffon

‘Proper words in proper place.’- Johnathan Swift

‘Nature never did betray theheart that loved her.’

‘The child is the father of man.’- William Wordsworth

‘A little knowledge is a danger-ous thing.’

‘Fools rush in where angels fearto tread.’

- Alexander Pope ‘A thing of beauty is a joy for-

ever.’ ‘Heard melodies are sweet but

those unheard are sweeter.’

- William Shakespeare ‘Our sweetest songs are those

that tell of saddest thought.’ ‘If winter comes can spring be

far behind.’- P.B. Shelley

‘Till Earth and Sky stand pres-ently at God’s great judgementseat.’

‘East is East and West is Westand never the twain shall meet.’- Rudyard Kipling

‘Man is by nature a politicalanimal.’

‘The roots of education are bit-ter, but fruit is sweet.’

- Aristotle ‘The more things a man is

ashamed of, the morerespectable he is.’- Bernard Shaw

‘Where wealth accumulates,men decay.’

‘Wisdom makes but a slow de-fence against trouble, thoughat last a sure one.’- Oliver Goldsmith

‘Let them eat cakes.’- Marie Antoinette

‘‘My God, My God, why hastthou forsaken me.’’- Jesus Christ

‘Nevertheless, it moves.’

- Galileo ‘Play the game in the spirit of

game.’- Baron Peirre de Coubertin

‘All our knowledge brings usnearer to our ignorance.’- T.S. Eliot

2 3 8

‘‘Beauty is truth and truthbeauty.’’- John Keats

‘Power tends to corrupt andabsolute power corrupts abso-lutely.’

‘Romanticism is disease clas-sicism is health.’- Von Goethe

‘Taxation without representa-tion is tyranny.’ - James Oits

‘No thought without prosper-ity .’- Jacob Moleschott

‘Thank God I have done myduty.’- Last words of Lord Nelson

‘Virtue is its own reward.’ ‘The good of the people is the

chief law.’- Cicero

‘To every action there is anequal and oppositereaction.’

‘Good government is no sub-stitute for self government.’ - Morley

‘I think therefore I am.’ - Descartes

‘Truth and non-violence are myGod.’

‘Do or die.’ ‘Hai Ram’ ‘Untouchability is a crime

against God and mankind.’ ‘A customer is the most impor-

tant person in our premises.’

- Lord Acton ‘Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.’ ‘Man is born free, yet every-

where he is in chains.’ - Jean-Jacques Rousseau

‘Whom the gods love dieyoung.’-Lord Byron

‘It takes two to speak the truth- one to speak and the other tohear.’-Henry David Thoreau

‘The history of the world is butthe biographies of great men.’- Thomas Carlyle

‘Better to reign in hell thanserve in heaven.’

- John Milton ‘Patriotism is the last refuge of

a scoundrel.’- Dr. Samuel Johnson

‘Better a live sparrow than adead eagle.’-Fitzgerald

- Sir Isaac Newton ‘‘Give me a place to stand and I

can move the entire earth.’’ ‘Eureka ! Eureka ! (I have

found it)’- Archimedes

‘Religion is the opium of thepeople.’-Karl Marx

‘Man is a tool making animal.’-Benjamin Franklin

‘Direct Action’- Mohammed Ali Jinnah

‘Genius is one percent inspira-tion and ninety nine percentperspiration.’-Thomas Alva Edison

‘One small step for men ,aleap for mankind.’- Neil Armstrong

- Mahatma Gandhi ‘Ram and Rahim are the two

different names of the sameGod.’- Kabir Das

2 3 9

‘Kerala is a lunatic asylum.’ ‘Live fast; die young. ’

one as this ever in flesh andblood walked up on this earth.’- Einstein (About Gandhi)

‘Garibi Hatao’

OFFICIAL BOOKS

Blue Book ........................................................................ BritishGreen Book ............................................................... Italy & IranOrange Book ..................................................... The NetherlandsWhite Book ....................................... Germany, China & PortugalWhite Paper ........................................................................ IndiaGray Book ......................................................... Japan & BelgiumYellow Book ..................................................................... France

‘Swaraj is my birthright I shallhave it.’ - Balagangadhara Tilak

‘Dilli Chalo.’ ‘Give me blood; I shall give

you freedom.’- Subhash Chandra Bose

‘Aiming low is a crime’

- Swami Vivekananda ‘Back to Vedas’

- Swami Dayananda Saraswati ‘We have now to fight for

peace with the same courageand determination as we foughtagainst aggression.’

‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan.’- Lal Bahadur Shastri

‘One caste, one God, one reli-gion for man.’- Sree Narayana Guru

“The whole universe is mynative land’’

- Kalpana Chawla ‘Generations to come, it may be,

will scarce believe that such a

- Indira Gandhi ‘Freedom is in peril. Defend it

with all your might.’ ‘Work like a bull and live like a

hermit.’- Dr. Ambedkar

‘Play the game in the spirit ofthe game.’

‘We have made a tryst withdestiny.’

‘Aram Haram Hai.’ ‘At the stroke of midnight hour

when the world sleeps India willwake to life and freedom.’

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam "Hscmä aX-ap-­p-e-In-¶p-bncmw

t{]a-a-sXm-¶tÃm

]cs¡ \s½-¸m-e-ar-Xq«pw

]mÀhW iin-_nw_w'

þ DÅqÀ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-¿À

"\mSy-{]-[m\w \Kcw Zcn{Zw

\m«n³]pdw \³a -I -fmÂkar²w'

þ Ipän- p-d¯p tIi-h³\m-bÀ

"aX-ta -Xm-bmepw a\p-jy³\¶m-bm aXn'

þ {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp

"X¶-Xnà ]c-\pÅ Im«p-hmþ

s\m¶pta \c-\p-]-mb-ao-iz-c³

C¶p mj-b-X-]qÀW-an-§tlm

h¶pt]mw ]ng-bp-aÀ°-i-¦-bmÂ!'

"amäp-hn³ N«-§sf kzb-a-sÃ-¦nÂ

- Jawaharlal Nehru

2 4 0

amäp-a-Xp-Ifo \n§-sf- m³'

"kzmX{´yw Xs¶-b-ar-Xw,kzmX{´yw Xs¶ PohnXw]mc-X{´yw am\n-IÄ¡v arXn-tb-¡mÄ bm-\Iw'

"kvt\l-am-W-Jn-e-km-c-aq-gn-bnÂ

kvt\l-km-c-an-l-k-Xy-ta-Iamw'

þ F³. Ipam-c-\m-im³

"t`mK-§-sfÃmw £W-{]- m-N-©ew

thtK\ \jvS -am -am -bp-Êp -tamÀ¡ \o'

þ Xp©-s -gp- -ѳ

"Hma-\- n-¦Ä¡n-Smthm þ \Ã

tIma-f-¯m-a-c-¸qthm'

þ Cc-bn-½³X¼n

"`mcX-sa¶ t]À -tI-«mÂ

A`n-am-\-]q-cn -X-am-I-W-a-´-cwKw'

þ hÅ-t¯mÄ \mcm -bWtat\m³

"hcnI hcnI kl-Ptc

kl\ ka-c-k-a-b-ambv'

þ Awin- \m-cm-b-W-]nÅ

"A\- -a-Úm-X-a-hÀW-\ob

aotem -I-tKmfw Xnc -nbp¶amÀKw;

AXn-¦-se-§m-s­m-cn -S-¯n-cp¶p

t\m¡p¶ aÀ¯y³ IY-sb-´p-I­p!'

þ \me- m«v \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³

"I]-S-tem-I- n-em-ßmÀ°-am-sbmcp

lrZ-b-ap-­m-b-Xm-sW³ ]cm-Pbw'

þ N§-¼pg IrjvW-]nÅ

"shfn¨w Zp:Jam-Wp®n

Xa-ÊtÃm kpJ-{]Zw'

þ A¡n¯w ANyp-X³ \¼q-Xncn

"A¦-W -ssX-am-hn \n¶m-Zys¯ ]gw-hogvsI'

-þ sshtem-¸nÅn {io[-c-ta-t\m³

Newspapers & Magazines:Founders

Young India (M), Harijan(M),Indian Opinion (NP),Navajeevan (M). ....... : Mahatma Gandhi

National Herald (NP) .................................. Jawaharlal Nehru Vande Matharam(NP), Karma Yogi(M) ..... Aurobindo Ghosh New India (NP) ................................................. Annie Besant Voice of India (NP) ..................................... Dadabhai Naoroji Al-Hilal(NP) .............................. Edited by Abdul Kalam Azad Kesari (NP), The Mahratta (NP) .............. Bal Gangadhar Tilak Deshabhimani (NP) ....................................... T.K. Madhavan Kerala Kaumudi(NP) ................................... C.V. Kunjuraman Malayala Manorama(NP) ........ Kandathil Vargheese Mappila Mathrubhumi ......................................... K.P. Kesava Menon

2 4 1

{]mNo-\ -I-hn-{X-b-§Ä

Fgp- -ѳ, sNdp-tÈ-cn, Ip©³ \¼ymÀ

Ip©³ \¼ymÀ : (18-þmw \qäm-­v) Xpų {]Øm-\- nsâ D]-Úm-Xmhv, IhnX Nm«-hm-dm-¡nbIhn; P\-Iob lmky-I-hn. InÅn-¡p-dnÈn awK-e¯v P\-\w (]m-e-¡m-Sv).

IrXn-IÄ: {ioIr-jvW-N-cnXw aWn-{]-hm-fw,IeymW kuK-Ôn-Iw, tLmj-bm-{X, kya- -Iw,koXm-kz-bw-h-cw, \f-N-cnXw Infn- m-«v, Ime-\n-Ãm-Imew

BZy-Xp-ÅÂ IrXn -þ Ieym-W- ku-K-ÔnIw

XpÅÂ hr¯w þ Xcw-Kn-Wn.

Hm«³, ]d-b³, ioX-¦³ F¶v XpÅ aq¶phn[w.

Fgp- -ѳ (16-þmw \qäm-­v) : B[p-\nI ae-bm-f- `m-j-bpsS ]nXm-hv, Infn- m«v {]Øm-\- nsâD]-Úm-Xm-hv. Xp©³ ]d-¼n P\-\w (a-e-¸pdw).

IrXn-IÄ: A²ym-ß-cm-am-bWw Infn-¸m-«v, lcn-\m-a-IoÀ¯-\w, tZho-am-lm-ßyw, mK-hXw Infn- m-«v,`mcXw Infn- m-«v.

sNdp-tÈcn (15-þmw \päm-­v) : EXp-¡-fpsS Ihn.

tIme- p-\mSv DZ-b-hÀ½sâ t{]cW {]ImcwaRvPcn- hr- - n cNn-¨XmWv IrjvW-Km-Y.

KmYm-hr¯w : aRvPcn

D®m-bn-hm-cyÀ : 18-þmw \qäm-­n-Â Pohn- n-cp-¶p.

IrXn-IÄ: \f-N-cnXw B«-IY (tI-c-f-¯nsâ imIp-´fw F¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p), KncnPm Ieym-Ww.

tIc-f-hÀ½ henb tImbn- ¼p-cm³ : tIcfImfn-Zm-k³.

IrXn-IÄ: aWn-{]-hm-f-im-Ip- fw (A- n-Úm-\-im-Ip- -f- nsâ BZy-a-e-bmfw ]cn- m-j), abq-c-k-tµ-iw, al- -cnX kw{K-lw.

F. BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ (1863-þ1918) : tIcf]mWn\n.

IrXn-IÄ: tIcf ]mWn-\o-bw, ae-b-hnem-kw,hr¯-a-RvP-cn, mjm- q-j-Ww, kmln-Xy-km-lyw.

kn.-hn. cma³ ]nÅ (1848 þ 1922) : tIcfm kvtIm«v

IrXn-IÄ: amÀ¯m-WvU-hÀ½, (BZy Ncn-{X-t\m-hÂ) [À½-cm-P, cma-cm-P-_-l-ZqÀ, t{]am-arXw (km-aq-ly-t\m-hÂ)

H.- N´p-ta-t\m³: (1847 -þ 1899)

IrXn-IÄ: Cµp-te-J, imcZ

]q´m\w (1547 þ 1640) : `à-I-hn, `mh-Km-b-I³

IrXn-IÄ: Úm\- m-\, {ioIr-jvW-IÀ®mar-Xw,k´m-\-tKm-]m-ew.

B[p-\nI Ihn-{X-b-§ÄF³. Ipam-c-\m-im³, DÅqÀ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-¿À,hÅ-t¯mÄ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³.

F³. Ipam-c-\m-im³ (1873 þ1924) : kvt\l Kmb-I³, alm-Im-hysagpXmsX alm-I-hn-bmb hyàn.]Ã-\-bm-än AIm-e-a-c-Ww.

IrXn-IÄ: Nn´m-hn-jvS-bmb koX, {]tcm-Z-\w,eoe, Icp-W, \fn-\n, hoW-]q-hv, ]pjv]-hm-Sn,hnNn{Xhntbm-Kw, NWvUme `n£p-In, Zpc-h-Ø,{io_p-²-N-cnXw XpS-§n-b-h.

Bimsâ BZy-IrXn : hoW-]qhv

Ah-km-\-IrXn : IcpW

Bim³ kvamcIw þ tXm¶-bv¡Â.

"kvt\l-am-W-Jnekmc-aq-gn-bnÂ',

"kvt\ln-¡-bp®o \o \ns¶ t{Zmln-¡p¶ P\-

s¯bpw' F¶o hcn-IÄ {]kn-²-§-fm-Wv.

DÅqÀ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-¿À (1877 þ 1949) : ae-bm-f- nse B[p-\nI mjm-K-Zy- nsâ ]nXm-hv.

IrXn-IÄ: Dam-tI-cfw (a-lm-Im-hyw) ]nwK-f, IÀ®-`q-j-Ww, Nn{X-ime, t{]a- kw-KoXw, Inc-Wm-h-en,`àn-Zo-]n-I, tIcf kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw.

"Imt¡ Imt¡ IqsS-hnsS' F¶ {]ikvXt\gvkdn-Km\w Ct±-l- n-sâ-Xm-Wv.

ae-bmf kmlnXyw

2 4 2

hÅ-t¯mÄ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³ (1878-þ1958) :

tIc-f- nsâ tZiob Kmb-I³, tIc-f- nsâ ]q¦p-bnÂ, tIc-f-hm-evao-In.

IrXn-IÄ: _[n-c- hnem]w (hn-em-]-Im-hyw) _Ô-\-Ø-\mb A\n-cp-²³, Nn{X-tbm-Kw (a-lm-Im-hyw),amXr-h-µ-\w, kmln-Xy-a-RvP-cn, injy\pw aI-\pw,

AÑ\pw aI-fpw, sIm¨p-ko-X, aKvZ-e-\-a-dn-bw.

"`mc-X-sa¶ t]cp-tI-«m-e- n-am\ ]qcn-X-am-IWw

A -cwKw' F¶ hcn {]i-kvXw.

1930-þÂ tIc-f-I-em-a-WvUew Øm]n-¨p.

C.-hn.-Ir-jvW-]nÅ (1894 þ1938) : ae-bmf ^enX

kmln-Xy-Im-c³.

IrXn-IÄ: Fw.FÂ.kn. IY-IÄ, Ihn-X-t¡kv,

t]meokv cmam-b-Ww, {]W-b-I-½o-j³, PohnXkvac-W-IÄ, Nncn-bpw-Nn- -bpw, _mjv]-hÀjw,AIm-e-§Ä, Pohn-X-kva-c-W-IÄ (B-ß-I-Y)

sI.-]n. tIi-h-ta-t\m³ (1886 þ1978) : 1923-þÂ amXr-`q-an-]{Xw Øm]n- p. BZy ]{Xm-[n-]À.

IrXn-IÄ: Zm\- q-an, AkvX-a-bw, cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hv,\h-`m-cX inÂ]n-IÄ, PohnX Nn -IÄ, tbip-tZ-h³, \mw apt¶m«v, qXhpw mhn-bpw, Ign-ª-Imew(B-ß-I-Y), _nem¯n hntijw (bm-{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww).

]n.-tI-i-h-tZhv (1905 þ 1983)

IrXn -IÄ: HmS -bn \n¶ v , {`m´m -e -bw,Ab¡mÀ, `mhn-h-c³, Xd-hm-Sv, FXnÀ¸v, Xncn-ªp-t\m-«w, Rm\n¸w I½yq-Wn-Ìm-hpw.

ImcqÀ \oe-I-WvT-]nÅ (1898 þ 1975)

IrXn-IÄ: B\-¡m-c³, tamXn-cw, Ag-I\pw ]qhm-en-bpw, k½m-\w, cmP-Ip-am-cnbpw qX-hpw, ]qh-¼-gw, ac- m-h-IÄ, clkyw

Pn.-Ip-am-c-]nÅ (1923 þ 2000)

IrXn-IÄ: Ac-fn- q-¡Ä, k]vX-kz-cw, acp- q-an-bnse In\m-hp-IÄ, iXm-_vZ-§-fpsS i_vZw, HmÀ½-bpsS kpK-Ôw.

F³. IrjvW-]nÅ (1916 þ 1988): \mS-I-Ir- v,\ncq-]-I³. "tIcf C_vk³' F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

IrXn-IÄ: á- -h-\w, I\y-I, _em-_-ew, ssIc-fn-bpsS IY, A\p-c-RvP-\w, apS-¡p-ap-XÂ, Agn-ap-J-t¯-¡v, A\p- -h-§Ä A`n-a-X-§Ä (B-ß-IY) {]Xn-]m{Xw mj-W-t`-Zw.

Ipän- p-g- Ir-jvW-]nÅ (1900 þ 1971) : hnNm-c-hn-¹-h- nsâ Xo¸- w.

IrXn-IÄ: kmln-Xobw, \h-ZÀi-\w, Zo]m-h-en,\nco-£-Ww.

Pn.-i-¦-c-¡p-dp¸v: (1901 þ 1978)

IrXn-IÄ: kqcy-Im- n, HmS-¡p-gÂ, hniz-ZÀi-\w, Cfw Np­p-IÄ, ap¯pw Nn¸n-bpw, ]mtY-bw,kmln-Xy-Iu-XpIw (aq¶p `mKw), shÅn¸-d-h-IÄ, sN¦-Xn-cp-IÄ, CX-fp-IÄ, HmÀa-I-fpsS Hmf-§-fnÂ, KoXm-RvPen (hn-hÀ -\w), hnem-k-e-lcn,kmln-Xy-]-cn-Nbw.

Pn. i¦-c- nÅ : (1930 þ 1939)

IrXn-IÄ: kvt\l-Zq-X³, tXmäw-]m-«v, Incm-Xw,

Fgp-¯p-ImcpwXqen-Im-\m-a-§fpw

ANyp-X³ \¼q-Xncn .........................................A¡n w]n.-kn.-Ip-«n-Ir-jvW³................................................ Ddq_vIa-em kpc¿ ................................................... am[-hn-¡p«nFw.-sI. tat\m³ ............................................. hnem-kn\nhn.-sI. \mcm-b-W³Ip«n............................... hn.-sI.-F³sI.-\m-cm-b-W³ \¼q-Xncn................ F³.-F³.-I-¡mSvsI.-{io-Ip-amÀ ........................................... Bjm tat\m³hn.-am-[-h³ \mbÀ ........................................................amenFw.-BÀ. \mbÀ .................................................kRvP-b³]n.-Ip-ª-\-´³ \mbÀ............................. Xnt¡m-Sn-b³Fw.-hm-kp-tZ-h³ \mbÀ........................................ kn\nIvtPmÀÖv hÀKokv ........................................... Im¡-\m-S³kp{_-alvWyw \¼q-Xn-cn- mSv ......................... Hf-¸-a®F³.-\m-cm-b-W³ ]nÅ....................................... HmwtNcnFw.-]n.- -«-Xn-cn- mSv .................................................... t{]wPn]n.-hn.-A-¿- ³ .................................................... tImhn-e³tKmhnµ ]njm-cSn ............................................... sNdp-ImSvsI.-hn.-]p-«¸ ........................................................... Ipshw]vth§-bn Ipªn-cm-a³ \mb-\mÀ.................. tIkcnän.-kn.-tPm-k^v ....................................................... CS-a-dpIvtIi-h³ \mbÀ ...................................................Ipän- pdwsI.-C.-a- mbn .................................................. ]md- p-d¯vc_o-{µ-\m-Y -Sm-tKmÀ .................................. `m\p -kn³lIm\w ..............................................................C.-sP. ^nen¸vsI.-]m-\qÀ ....................................................... Ipªn-cma³\´-\mÀ ............................................... ]n.-kn. tKm]m-e³t_mt[-iz-c³.................................................. tIi-h-]nÅUn.-kn.-In-g-t¡-apdn ......................... sUma-\nIv Nmt¡mthfqÀIr-jvW³Ip«n...............F³.-sI.-Ir-jvW³Ip«nknÌÀ tacn s_\nRvP .................. taco-tPm¬tXm«ws]mä-¡mSv ........................................................ i¦-c³¡p«nkpcmkp ........................................ _me-tKm-]m-e-¡p-dp¸vF.-Sn.-tIm-hqÀ .......................................F{_-lmw-tXm-akvIrjvW-ssN-X\y.............................sI.-Ir-jvW³\m-bÀt{]wPn ............ apÃ-aw-K-e¯v ]c-ta-iz-c³ «-Xn-cn-¸mSv

2 4 3

Hme- m-«v, s]mbvap-J-§Ä, k_ÀaXn Zqsc-bm-Wv,{`m´m-e-bw, c-X-hm-Iyw, Idp- - ssZ-h-s -t¯-Sn, ¹mhn-e-sXm- n, hnhmlw kzÀ¤- n \S-¡p-¶p, hne§pw hoW-bpw, Ddp-¼p-I-fpsS temIw.

N§-¼p-g- IrjvW-]nÅ (1911) : ae-bmf Imhy-tem -Is¯ Km\-K-ÔÀƳ, ae-bm -f-¯nsâHmÀ^yqkv.

IrXn-IÄ: cà]p-jv]-§Ä, kv]µn-¡p¶AØn-am-Sw, kzc-cm-K-kp-[, Bcm-[-I³, _mjv]m-RvPen, tla- -N-{µn-I, k¦-ev]-Im- n, tZh-Ko-X,

a\-kzn-\n, ]mSp-¶- ]n-imNv, XpSn-¡p¶ Xmfp-IÄ(B-ß-I-Y), ca-W³.

Dä-kp-lr-¯m-bn-cp¶ CS-¸Ån cmL-h³ ]nÅ-bpsSBß-l-Xy-bn a\w-s\m v cNn¨ \mS-Iob hnem-]-Im-hy-amWv ca-W³

""I]S temI- n BßmÀ°-am-sbmcp lrZ-b-ap-­m-b-Xm-sW³ ]cm-Pbw''. þ Cu hcn-IÄ{]kn²w

kztZ-im- n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]nÅ (1875 þ1916) :kztZ-im- n-am\n ]{X-¯nsâ BZy-]-{Xm-[n-]³.

IrXn-IÄ: Fsâ \mSp-I-S- Â (B-ß-I-Y)

]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ : kmlnXy ]©m-\\³

IS-½-\n« cma-Ir-jvW³ : (1935)

IrXn -IÄ: an{i-Xmfw, ISn -ªqÂs]m-«³,ag- s]¿p¶p a±fw sIm«p-¶p, tKmtZm- -sb -Im¯v(hn-hÀ¯-\w), kqcy-in-e.

ae-bm-äqÀ cma-Ir-jvW³ (1927 þ 1998)

IrXn-IÄ: kÀÆokv tÌmdn, b£n, b{´w, inc-Ên hc- -Xv (A-]qÀ®w) , thcp-IÄ, s]m¶n,s\«qÀaTw, Fsâ sF.-F.-F-kv Zn\-§Ä, {_ntK-Un-bÀ IY-IÄ. A©v skâ v, AarXw tXSn, Admw-hn-cÂ

]n.-kn.-Ip-«n-Ir-jvW³ : (1915 þ 1979) Ddq_v

IrXn-IÄ: AWn-b-d, Xpd-¶n-« -Pm-e-Iw, Ipª-½bpw Iq«p-Im-cpw, an­ms¸®v, Ban-\, em¯nbpw]q¡-fpw, DÅ-hcpw CÃm-¯-h-cpw, D½m-¨p,Npgn¡p ]nt¼- Np-gn, A½n-Wn, cm¨n-b-½, \oe-na-e, aªn³a-e-bnse kqcy³, XosIm­v Ifn-¡-cp-Xv, kpµ-cnIfpw kpµ-c³amcpw (a-e-_mÀe-l-f-bp-sSbpw c­mw-tem-I-a-lm-bp-²-¯n-sâbpw ]Ým- -e- n Fgp-Xn-b-Xv)

]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ (1927 þ 1991)

IrXn-IÄ: C\n- Rm-\p-d-§-s«, ¹qt«m {]nb-s¸«¹qt«m, ambm¯ kÔy-IÄ, kn²nbpw km[-\-bpw,Sn¸p-kp¯m³, {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp

CS-tÈcn tKmhn-µ³ \mbÀ (1906 þ 1974) : iàn-bpsS Ihn

IrXn-IÄ: ]qX- m-«v, Imhnse ]m«v, Hcp ]nSns\Ãn-¡, ]p¯³ Iehpw Acn-hmfpw, Idp- -sN«n-¨n-IÄ, XXz-im-kv{X-ap-d-§p-t¼mÄ, Iq«p-Ir-jn,\men-XÄ ]q¡Ä.

th§-bn Ipªn-cm-a³ \mb\mÀ : (1861 þ 1914)"tIkcn' F¶ \ma- n Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶p.

Ipªn-cm-a³ \mb-\m-cpsS "hmk-\m-hn-IrXn' bmWvae-bm-f- nse BZy sNdp-I-Y (1891).

IYm-]m-{X-§fpwIrXn-Ifpw

¢mknt¸À ................................................... IbÀ (XIgn)]¸p .................................... HmS-bnÂ\n¶v (tIi-h-tZhv)Kucn ..............................................Kucn (Sn.-]ß-\m`³)N{ -¡m-c³ ............ [À½-cmPm (kn.-hn.-cm-a³]nÅ){io[-c³

........ Hcp- tZ-i- nsâ IY (Fkv.-sI.-s]m-ä-¡mSv)`oa³ .............. c­m-aqgw (Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h³\m-bÀ)am[-h³.......................... Cµp-teJ (H.-N- p-ta-t\m³)sNý ...................IÅn-s -ý (Pn.-hn-th-Im-\-µ³)chn .......... Jkm-¡nsâ CXn-lmkw (H.-hn.-hn-P-b³)lcn-]-©m-\\³ ...... [À½-cmP (kn.-hn.-cm-a³]nÅ)]m¯p½

...]m¯p-½-bpsS BSv (ssh¡w- ap-l-½-Zv_-joÀ)]f\n ...................................................... sN½o³ (XIgn)adnbw ........................... aKvZ-e\ adnbw (h-Å-t¯mÄ)I{Xo³ amtbm ................................. Nn{X-ime (DÅqÀ)-]©pta-t\m³ ............. Cµp-teJ (H.-N- p-ta-t\m³)Ipµ³ .................. acp- q-an-IÄ D­m-Ip-¶Xv (B\µv)ca-W³ ..............................................ca-W³ (N§-¼pg)N{µnI ...............................................ca-W³ (N§-¼pg)B\-hm-cn- cm-a³\m-b

..................B\-hm-cnbpw s]m³Ip-cnipw (_joÀ)ssh¯n-¸«À ..............................imcZ (N´p-ta-t\m³)kp`{Z

................. amÀ¯m-WvU-hÀ½ (kn.-hn.-cm-a³]nÅ)tKmhn-µ³Ip«n

..............Akp-c-hn v (Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h³\m-bÀ)A¸p®n ...... \mep-sI«v (Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h³\m-bÀ)A¸p-¡nfn

.............. Jkm-¡nsâ CXn-lmkw (H.-hn.-hn-P-b³)tZmkvtX-hnkvIn

Hcp k¦oÀ¯\w t]mse (s]-cp-¼-Shw {io[-c³)

2 4 4

]mem \mcm-b-W³ \mbÀ (1911)

IrXn-IÄ: tIcfw hf-cp-¶p, ASn-a, A´y-]q-P,Aar-X-I-e, F\n¡p Zmln-¡p-¶p, Pohn-X-Im-l-fw,\h-bp-Kw, ]mem-gn-]q-¡Ä, ae-\m-Sv, _mjv]-cw-Kw,ae-\m-«nse \À¯-In, cmKm-em-]-\w.

Fw.-Sn . -hm -kp-tZ -h³ \mbÀ (1933): tIcfslanKvth, \nf-bpsS IYm-Im-c³

IrXn-IÄ: ]cn-W-bw, aªv, Imew, Akp-c-hn-¯v,Ccp-«nsâ Bßm-hv, tKm]p-c-\-SbnÂ, \mep-sI-«v,]mXn-cmhpw ]IÂsh-fn- -hpw, Hmfhpw Xoc-hpw,Ipt«y-S- n, c­m-aq-gw, hmc-Wm-kn, hm\-{]-Øw,Hmt¸mÄ, ImYn-Isâ ]Wn-¸p -c, Zb F¶s]¬Ip«n, _Ô-\w, A¡ÂZmabn ]q¡Ä hnS-cp-t¼mÄ, \nÀ½m-eyw, BÄ¡q-«- n X\ntb(bm-{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww).

]n.-Ip-ª-\´³ \mbÀ (1916) : Xnt¡m-Sn-b³

IrXn-IÄ: Nph-¶-I-SÂ, Biz-lr-Z-bw, aS-¡-bm-{X, Ac-§p- Im-Wm¯ \S³ (B-ß-I-Y),PohnXw, {]k-hn-¡m¯ A½, Xos¸m-cn, I\ym-Zm\w (\m-S-Iw).

Fw.-BÀ. \mbÀ (1919) : kRvP-b³

IrXn-IÄ: lmkymRvP-en, At´ym-]-lm-cw,kmlnXy \nI-jw, Xntem-Z-Iw, HYtÃm (XÀÖ-a)

tXm¸n `mkn : (1924 þ 1992)

IrXn -IÄ: \n§-sfs¶ I½yq-Wn -Ìm -¡n ,Hfn-hnse HmÀ½-IÄ, Aiz-ta-[w, apSn-b-\mb]p{X³, kÀtÆ-¡-Ãv,aqe-[-\w, ic-i-¿, Iq«p-Ip-Sw-_w, ssIbpw- X-ebpw ]pd- n-S-cp-Xv.

hb-emÀ cma-hÀ½ (1928 þ 1975): hn¹hIhn,XqenI -]-S-hm-fm-¡nb Ihn.

IrXn-IÄ: kÀK-kw-Ko-Xw, Bbn-j, F\n¡pacW-an-Ã, \mSnsâ \mZw, sIm´bpw ]qWq-epw,{Kma- nse kÔy, cmh-W-]p-{Xn, ]mZ-ap-{Z-IÄ,Hcp PqUmkv P\n-¡p-¶p, ]pcp-jm-´-c-§-fn-eqsS.

IrXn-IÄ: "kvt\ln-¡-bnà Rm³ t\mhp-am-ßm-hns\, kvt\ln-¨n-Sm -s¯mcp XXz -im -kv{X-s¯bpw' hb-em-dnsâ {]kn² hcn-IÄ

ssh¡w apl-½Zv _joÀ : (1908 þ 1994)t_¸qÀkp¯m³.

IrXn-IÄ: sâ¸p- m-s¡m-cm-t\-­mÀ¶vp, aXn-ep-IÄ, _mey-Im-e-k-Jn, ]m¯p½-bpsS BSv, B\-¸qS, hniz-hn-Jym-X-amb aq¡v, B\-hm-cnbpws]m³Ip-cn-ipw, t{]a-te-J-\w, PohnX \ng¸m-Sp-IÄ, t\cpw \pW-bpw, bm Cem-ln, HmÀ½-bpsSAd-IÄ (B-ß-I-Y).A\ÀL-\n-an-jw, i_vZ-§Ä

{it²-b-amb ae-bmfIrXn-Ifpw IÀ¯m-¡fpw

sN½o³ ............................... XIgn inh-i-¦-c- nÅD½m¨p ................................. Ddq_vka-Xz-hmZn .......................... ]pfn-am\tIc-f-N-cn{Xw ..................... sI.-]n.-]-ß-\m- -ta-t\m³{]hmkn ............................... tImhn-e³Iotbm Iotbm ................... Fkv. inh-ZmkvA£cw ............................... H.-F³.-hn.-Ip-dp¸vA¼-e-aWn ........................ kpK-X-Ip-amcnI®p\oÀ¯pÅn .............. \me- m-«p-\m-cm-b-W ta-

t\m³`mc-X-]-cy-S\w .................... Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀap³t] ]d-¡p¶ ]£n-IÄ................................................ kn. cm[m-IrjvW³ka-b-{]-hm-lhpw kmln-Xy-I-ebpw................................................ sI.-]n.-A- ³A[n-Imcw ........................... hn.-sI.-F³Bene ................................. bqk- -en -tI-t¨cntIt -cn-¸pg ....................... bqk- -en- tI-t¨cnO-{Xhpw Nma-chpw.......... Fw.-]n.-i-¦p-®n-\m-bÀ\nim-KÔn.......................... ]n.-\m-cm-b-W-Ip-dp¸vapJ-sa-hnsS........................ hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W³ \¼q-

Xncns{]bvkv Z temÀUv ......... k¡-dnbIfn-bm«w .............................. Sn.-hn.-sIm-¨p-_mhHcp ZfnXv bph-Xn-bpsS IZ-\-IY................................................ Fw.-ap-Ip-µ³Bfn-Ãm-¡-tk-c-IÄ......... sN½\w Nmt¡m]pXnb BImiw ]pXnb qan................................................ sI.-Sn. apl-½Zv{`m´³]q-¡Ä .................. t{KkncmPk` ................................ C{_mlnw sh§c]cn-Wm-a-¯nsâ ]cn-Wmaw................................................ tUm. F.-F³. \¼q-XncnZn¡-dn-bm¯ bm{X.......... Pn.-hn-th-Im-\-µ³tZhn-{Kmaw, sdbn³ Un-bÀ................................................ N{µ-aXn`h- bw ................................. Sn.-hn. sIm¨p-_mhNnXÂ hcpw Imew ......... tZi-aw-Kew cma-IrjvW³tIc-fw- h-f-cp¶p............... ]mem \mcm-b-W³\m-bÀNnt´cv ................................ sN½\w Nmt¡mFsâ BÂ_w ................ än.-F³.-tKm-hn-µ³\m-bÀ{S©v ...................................... GI-e-hy³

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]pXnb ae-bmf ]pkvX-I-§Ä

sjÀeIv, hmc-Wmkn .......................................... Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h³ \mbÀ]ßm-k\w .....................................................................................H. hn. hnP-b³

kkvt\lw ..........................................................Iaem kpc¿ (am-[-hn-¡p-«n)]pg IS¶v ac-§-fpsS CS-bn-tebv¡v.....................................Sn. ]ß-\m- ³A{ip]qP ...........................................................................tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

Aem-l-bpsS s]¬a-¡Ä....................................................... kmdmtPmk v]m¼³ ]me- n\p ap³]v ................................................... kn.-hn. {iocm-a³Xncn-ªp-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ..............................................Fw.-]n. hotc-{µ-Ip-amÀthZ-i-_vZ-c-Xv\m-Icw.................................................... tUm.-Un.-_m-_p-t]mÄae-bm-fhpw ae-bm-fn-Ifpw......................................]·\ cma-N-{µ³ \mbÀ\h-bm-{X-IÄ .................................................................... kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSvssIap-{Z-IÄ.....................................................................................................tkXp\mem-as¯ BWn ......................................................................................B\µvkakvX tIcfw ]n.-H. ...........................................................Un. hn\-b-N-{µ³Fsâ kmlnXy \ncq-]-W-§Ä................................... BÀ. \tc-{µ-{]kmZvAaqÀ -amb AaÀj-§Ä......................s{]m^-kÀ ]n.-F.hmkp-tZ-h³Km«pw ImWm- -c-Sp-Ifpw ..............................................Fw.-]n. hotc-{µ-Ip-amÀAØn-bpsS ]q¡Ä .................................................... Fkv. Kp]vX³ \mbÀIme-¯nsâ tIme-§Ä........................................................... Pn. Ipam-c-]nÅtZh-Zmkn ...........................................................................................kpK-X-Ip-amcnCu ]pcm-X\ In¶mcw ....................................................... H.-F³.-hn. Ipdp¸v]cn-{Iaw ...........................................................hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W³ \¼q-XncnAcq-]n-bpsS aq¶mw {]mhv .......................................... s]cp-¼-Shw {io[c³]cmK tImi-§Ä.........................................................................Bjm-ta-t\m³tIihsâ hnem-]-§Ä ...............................................................Fw. apIp-µ³Xe-ap-d-IÄ .......................................................................................H.-hn. hnP-b³sslµ-h-\pw AXn-ssl-µ-h\pw ...............................................H.-hn.hnP-b³Pohn-Xhpw \nb-ahpw ..............................................PÌnkv sI. kpIp-am-c³krãnbpw {kãmhpw ................................................... Fkv. Kp]vX³ \mbÀlm v Hm¸¬Uv tUmÀ ..................................................Fw. -tam-l³ IpamÀ\r¯w ................................................................................................Fw. apIp-µ³th«¡m-c\pw hncp-¶p-Im-c-\pw ................................................................B\µvPn¶ hmPvt]bv Htc apJw ....................................................C.-sI. \mb-\mÀBtcm-lWw............................. hn.-sI. F³ (B-t£] lmky t\mhÂ)Amma – A Living Saint ..... Judith Cornell (amXm Aar-Xm-\-µ-a-bn-bptS

PohNcn-{X-amWv Cu ]pkvX-Iw)

IhmSw ................................................................................................Iaem kpc¿NnX hcpw Imew ............................................... tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW³Hcp k¦oÀ¯\w t]mse........................................... s]cp-¼-Shw {io[-c³AKv\n-¡n-\m-hp-IÄ.............................................. ]p\-¯n Ipª-_vZpÅPohn-Xta \o F´ v ...................................................... kn.-hn.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³sImSp-¦mäpw sIm¨p-h-Åhpw.................................................... F.-A-¿-t\ va[pcw KmbXn ..................................................................................H.-hn.-hn-P-b³lcn-Zzm-dn aWn apg-§p¶p ........................................................Fw.-ap-Ip-µ³`qan-imkv{Xw .......................................................................... Sn.-hn. sIm¨p-_mh

]n.-hn.-A-¿- ³ : (1923) tImhn-e³

IrXn-IÄ: X«-Iw, iIp-\w,tXmä-§Ä, Ggm-sa-S-§Ä, lnam-e-bw, F ssa\kv _n, {]hm-kn.

XI-gn- in-h-i-¦-c- nÅ : "Ip«-\m-Snsâ CXn-lm-k-Im-c³,-tI-cftam -km-Mv'.

IrXn-IÄ: XymK- nsâ {]Xn-^ew (B-Zy-t\m-hÂ), sN½o³,GWn-¸-Sn-IÄ, IbÀ, tXm«n-bpsS aI³, c­n-S-§-gn, Hutk-¸nsâ a¡Ä, A\p-`-h-§Ä]mfn- -IÄ, amwk-¯nsâ hnfn,Ata-cn-¡³ Xnc-Èoe (bm-{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww), ASn-sbm-gp-¡p-IÄ, aI-fpsS aIÄ, shÅ-s¸m¡-¯nÂ,Hcp Ip«-\m-S³ IY, tLmj-bm-{X, Fsâ h¡o PohnXw (B-ß-I-Y).

"Im¯' F¶ t]cn {]kn-²-bmb Ia-em -£n-b-½-bmWv]Xv\n.

sshtem-¸nÅn {io[-c-ta-t\m³(1911 þ 1985) : ae-bm-f- nsâ"{io' F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

IrXn-IÄ: I¶n-s¡m-bv v, aI-cs¡m-bv¯v, HmW-¸m-«p-IÄ,am¼-gw, klysâ aI³, Ibv]-h-Ã-cn, hnS, ] -¡p-Xn-c, IpSn-sbm-gn-¸n-¡Â, IrjvW-bp-K-§Ä, Imhy-tem-I-kva-c-W-IÄ(B-ß-I-Y).

"Im¨n-¡p-dp-¡nb Ihn-X-IÄ'sshtem-¸nÅn Ihn-X-I-fm-Wv.

hn.-Sn. `«-Xn-cn- mSv : (1896 þ1982) kmaq-ly-]-cn-jvIÀ¯mhv

IrXn-IÄ: I®ocpw In\m-hpw(B-ß-I-Y), shSnsh«w, cP-\o-cw-Kw, t]mwh-gn, IÀ½-hn-em-]w,ASp-¡-f-bn \n¶v Ac-§-t¯bv¡v (\m-S-Iw)

Fkv.sI.- s]m-ä-¡mSv (1913 þ1982): k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Im-c³

IrXn -IÄ: Im¸n -c n -I-fpsS

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\m«nÂ, Hcp tZi- nsâ IY,Hcp sXcp-hnsâ IY, hnj-I-\y-I, \mS³ t{]aw, aqSp-]-Sw, \nim-KÔn, ]pÅnam³, Fsâ hgn-b-¼-e-§Ä, t{]a-in-ev]n, _men-Zzo-]v, ss\ÂU-b-dn, Ggn-ew-]me

kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv (1926) :"thZn-bnse Pzme' F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp¶ {]kw-KI³.IrXn-IÄ: X¯z-a-kn, X¯zhpw a\p-jy-\pw, ]pXp]pjv]-§Ä, koXm-hm-Iyw, F´n\v`mcX\h-bm-{X-IÄ

A¿¸¸Wn-¡À (1930)IrXn-IÄ: Ipcp-t£-{Xw, ]I-ep-IÄ, cm{Xn-IÄ, IpSpw-_-]p-cm-Ww, tKm{X-bm\w

sI.-C.-a- mbn : (1924 þ 1981)]md- p-d¯vIrXn-IÄ: ]Wn-Xo-cm¯ hoSv,Ac-\m -gnI t\cw , \nWa-Wnª Imev]m-Sp-IÄ, aIt\\n\-¡p-th-­n, At\z-jn- p- I-s­-¯n-bn-Ã, BZy-In-c-W-§Ä,kqk¶, BIm-i- nse ]d-h-IÄ.

H.-F³.-hn.- Ip-dp¸v (1931)IrXn-IÄ: Aán-i-e-`-§Ä,A£-cw, D¸v, arK-b,- D-Ö-bn-\n, Idp-¯-]-£n-bpsS ]m«v,`qan¡v Hcp Nc-a-Ko-Xw, abnÂ]o-en, A]-cm-Ów, imÀMvK-I¸-£n-IÄ, kzbw-h-cw, ss`c-hsâXpSn, Hcp XpÅn shfn- w, \oe-¡-®p-IÄ, amäp-hn³ N«-§sf(I-hn-Xm-k-am-lm-cw).

H.-hn.- hn-P-b³ (1931)IrXn-IÄ: Kpcp-km-Kcw, Jkm-¡nsâ CXn-lm-kw, [À½-]p-cm-Ww, a[pcw Kmb-Xn, {]hm-N-Isâhgn, Xe-ap -d -IÄ ,Aim´n, ISÂXo-c-¯v, C¯n-cn-ZÀi-\w, sslµ-h-\pw AXn-ssl-µ-h\pw, ]md-IÄ,

s]m³Ip¶w hÀ¡n (1910)IrXn-IÄ: hnIm-c-k-Z-\w, i_vZn-

]pXnb ae-bmf ]pkvX-I-§Ä

Hcp sNdp-]p-©ncn ................................................ Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h³ \mbÀNqssf-ta-Snse ih-§Ä...................................................F³.-F-kv. am[-h³hn¡v ......................................................................................................k¨n-Zm-\-µ³th\-en Hcp ag ...............................................................................tdmkv tacnshfn- ta \o FhnsS? ........................................................kn.-FÂ.-tPm-k^vAt\z-jn¨p Is­- n-bnà ........................................................... ]md- p-d¯vI\ym-h-\-§Ä ........................................................ ]p\-¯n Ipª-_vZpÅ

\ng-ep-d-§p¶ hgn-IÄ .......................................................................]n.-h-Õe

]cn-Wmaw ......................................................................... Fw.-]n.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ{`jvSv .......................................................................................amS¼v Ipªp-Ip-«³acWw ZpÀ_ew ............................................................................. sI.-kp-tc-{µ³jmlnZv \ma ...............................................................................................H.-hn.-Djka-X-e-§Ä¡- pdw.......................................................... tPmÀÖv HmW-¡qÀ

Hc-Ñsâ HmÀ½-¡p-dn- p-IÄ ....................................... än.hn. Cu -c-hmcn-bÀkacw Xs¶ PohnXw ............................................hn.-F-kv. ANyp-Xm-\-µ³kzmX{´yw sIm­v \mw F´p-sNbvXp? .............................Fw.-hn. tZh³K{_n-tbe k_m-än\n PohnXw Fgp-Xp-t¼mÄ............ hn\p F{_lmwamÀIvkn-te-¡pÅ hgn-IÄ ...................................................... tkma-ti-J-c³Pm¸mWw ]pI-bne............................................................................ Im¡-\mS³Ihn-X-bnse hgn- n-cn-hp-IÄ .......................................... H.-F³.-hn. Ipdp¸va\-km-kva-cman ............................................................... Fkv. Kp]vX³ \mbÀsN½o³-þ-Hcp \ncq-]Ww ................................... hn.-hn. thep-¡p«n Ac-b³Xpd-¶n« hmXn ............................................................................]n.-än. Nmt¡m\ocm-gn-¡-¸pdw ...................................................BÀ. {ioteJ sF.-]n.-F-kv.

¡p¶ Ie-¸, lrZ-b-Km-\w,A´n- n-cn, Xncp-ap ¡mgvN,Zmlw, a{´n-s¡-«v, Fsâ hgn-¯n-cnhv (B-ß-I-Y)

_me-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡mSv (1957)IrXn-IÄ: Aam-hm-kn, KkÂ,{Um¡p-f, NnZw-_-c-kva-c-W, am\-km-´-cw.

Ipªp-®n-amjv : (1927)IrXn-IÄ: hn¯pw ap¯pw,A£-c-s¯-äv, DuWv sXm«vDd¡w hsc

kn. cm[-Ir-jvW³: (1939)IrXn-IÄ: ap³t] ]d-¡p¶]£n-IÄ, kv]µ-am-]n-\n-Itf\µn, IcÄ ]nfcpw Imew, Hä-b-Sn-¸m-X-IÄ.

F³.-hn.- Ir-jvW-hm-cyÀ: (1916 -þ 1989)

IrXn-IÄ: KmÔnbpwtKmUvskbpw, sIm¨p-sXm-½³, \o­ Ihn-X-IÄ, Iptd-¡qSn \o­ Ihn-X-IÄ.

]n. k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ : (1936)B\µvIrXn-IÄ: Ipcp-t£-{Xw, Fgp-¯-Ñ-s\-gp-Xp-t¼mÄ, Ihn-_p-²³, tZim-S-\w, tKmhÀ²-\sâbm{X-IÄ, acp-`q-an-IÄ D­m-Ip-¶-X v, \mem-as¯ BWn,th«-¡m-c\pw hncp-¶p-Im-c-\pw,A`-bmÀ°n-IÄ, hymk\pwhnLvt\-iz-c-\pw, A]-l-cn-¡-s¸« ssZh-§Ä.

Fw. apIp-µ³ : (1942) "a¿-gn-bpsS IYm-Im-c³'IrXn -IÄ: \r¯w, ssZh-¯nsâ hnIr-Xn-IÄ, a¿-gn- p-g-bpsS Xoc-§-fnÂ, BZn-Xy\pw

2 4 7

cm[bpw aäp Nne-cpw, lcn-Zzm-dn aWn-ap-g-§p-¶p,Hcp ZfnXv bph-Xn-bpsS IZ-\-I-Y, tIi-hsâ hnem-]-§Ä, djy, UÂln, Bhn-em-bnse kqtcym-Z-bw, koX

ap«- p-hÀ¡n: (1915 þ 1989)IrXn-IÄ: A¡-c- - , CW-{]m-hp-IÄ, adn-b¡p-«n, ]mSm-¯-ss]-¦n-fn, Ieym-W-cm-{Xn, Bßm-RvPen, Hcp IpSbpw Ipªp s]§-fpw.

_mem-a-Wn-b½ : (1909) ae-bmf kmln-Xy-¯nsâamXmhvIrXn-IÄ: A¼-e- nÂ, tkm]m-\w, A½, {]am-Ww, Iq¸p-ssI, [À½-k-¦-S- nÂ, shfn- - nÂ,`mh-\-bnÂ, ap¯-Èn, agp-hnsâ IY, kv{Xolr-Z-bw, Pohn-X- n-eqsS, shbn-em-dp-t¼mÄ.

am[-hn-¡p«n (I-a-em-kp-c-¿) (1932)IrXn-IÄ: \oÀam-Xfw ]q¯ Imew, \cn- o-dp-IÄ ]d-¡p-t¼mÄ, Xcn-ip-\n-ew, Hä-b-Sn- m-X,tNt¡-dp¶ ]£n-IÄ, k½À C³ I¡- ,\jvS-s¸« \oemw-_-cn, Ub-dn-¡p-dp- p-IÄ, ISÂabqcw, Fsâ IY, Nµ-\-a-c-§Ä.

efn-Xmw-_nI A´ÀP\w: (1909 -þ 1987)IrXn-IÄ: Aán-km-£n, XIÀ¶ Xe-ap-d, amWn-¡³, HmW-¡m-gvN, Infn-hm-Xn-en-eq-sS, aqSp-]-S- nÂ,\ni-_vZ-kw-Ko-Xw, Bbn-cw-Xncn, tKmkmbn ]d-ª-I-Y, hniz-cq]w, efn-Xm-RvP-en, `mh-Zo-]vXn, Hcps]m«n- n-cn, Infn-hm-Xn-en-eq-sS, Hcm-apJw (B-ß-IY)

sI. \mcm-b-W³ \¼q-Xncn : F³.-F³. I¡m-Sv.IrXn-IÄ: ie- -Ko-Xw, ]mXm-f- nsâ apg-¡w,k^-e-ao-bm-{X.

tUm.-Fw. eoem-hXn : (1929)

IrXn-IÄ: Ihn-Xm-[z-\n, hÀ®cm-Pn, Pn.bpsSImhy-Po-hn-Xw

kpK-X-Ip-amcn : (1934)

IrXn-IÄ: cm{Xn-a-g, A¼-e-a-Wn, cm[-sb-t¯-Sn,CcpĨnd-Ip-IÄ, tZh-Zm-kn, Imhp-Xo-­-tÃ, kz]v\-`q-an, IrjvW-I-hn-X-IÄ, ]mhw am\-h-lr-Z-bw, Ipdn-ªn-¸q-¡Ä, Xpem-hÀj¸¨.

]n.Ipªn-cm-a³ \mbÀ: (1906 þ 1978)

IrXn-IÄ: Xma-c-t¯m-Wn, HmW-k-Zy, ]q¡-fw, Ifn-b-ѳ, koX, Aa-c-knw-l³, Fs¶ Xnc-bp¶pRm³, \nXy-I-\y-Isb tXSn, Ihn-bpsS ImÂ]m-Sp-IÄ

hn.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W³Ip«n: (1932) hn.-sI.-F³.IrXn-IÄ: A[n-Im-cw, P\-d Nm¯³kv, ]nXm-a-l³, ]¿³ IY-IÄ, a©Â.

]pcm-X\ ]pkvX-I-§fpwIÀ¯m-¡fpw

amÀ¯m-WvU-hÀ½............ kn.-hn.-cm-a³]nÅDam-tI-cfw ............................ DÅqÀNWvUm-e- n-£pIn ............ Bim³ca-W³................................... N§-¼pg[À½-cmPm ............................ kn.-hn.-cm-a³]nÅCµp-teJ .............................. H. N´p-ta-t\m³Ipµ-eX ................................ A¸p -s\-Sp-§mSnIptN-e-hr¯w.................... cma-]p-c- p-hm-cyÀD -cm-kz-bw-hcw............... Cc-bn-½³ X¼n\f-N-cnXw B«-¡Y ......... D®m-bn-hm-cyÀ]m«-_m¡n ........................... sI. Zmtam-Z-c³cXn-km-{amPyw ..................... \me- m-«p-\m-cm-b-W-

ta-t\m³kwt£-] -th-ZmÀ°w ...... ^m: ¢aâ v ]nbm-\kvcma-N-cnXw ............................ Nocm-a³ba-I-Imhyw......................... hmkp-tZ-h- -«-Xncn`mjm-`m-cXw......................... sImSp-§-ÃqÀ Ipªn-¡p-

«³ X¼pcm³tIi-hobw............................ sI.-kn.-tI-i-h-]nÅIm©-\-koX ....................... kn.-F³.-{io-I-WvT³\m-bÀA²ym-ß-cm-am-bWw......... Fgp- -ѳIrjvWdmw ........................... sNdp-tÈcnabq-c-k-tµiw...................... tIc-f-hÀ½-h-en-b-tIm-bn-

-¼p-cm³`mjm qjWw .................... F.-BÀ.-cm-P-cm-P-hÀ½sFXnlyame ..................... sIm«-mc-¯n i¦p®nae-b-hn-emkw ..................... F.-BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½Ima-tamlnXw...................... kn.-hn.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³`qX-cm-bÀ .............................. A¸³ X¼p-cm³htµ-am-Xcw .......................... C.-hmkpcma-N-{µ-hn-emkw ............... Ag-I¯v ]ß-\m- -¡p-dp¸vhÀ¯-am-\-]p-kvXIw ....... ]mtd-am-¡ÂtXmam

I -\mÀ{io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp.............. F³.Ipam-cm-\m-i³tIcf almßyw ................ AÚmX IÀXrIwtIc-tfmÂ]¯n ................. AÚmX IÀXrIwae-_mÀ am\ph ............ hneyw temK³aqjI hwiw ....................... AXpe³i¦c \mcm-bWobw.......... i¦c\mcm-bW³ipI ktµiw ..................... e£vao Zmk³tImIne ktµiw ............. DZWvU imkv{Xn-IÄBtßm-]-tZi iXIw ..... {io\m-cm-b-W-KpcpthZm-[n-Imc \ncq-]Ww ... N«¼n kzman-IÄÚm\- m\ ........................ ]q´m\wlcn-\m-a-IoÀ¯\w ........... Fgp- -ѳ\mcm-b-Wobw...................... ta -¯qÀ \mcm-bW

`«-¯ncn

2 4 8

]n. ]Zva-cm-P³ : (1945 þ 1991)IrXn-IÄ: \£-{X-§tf ImhÂ, {]Xn-abpw cmP-Ip-am-cn-bpw, hmS-Ibv¡v Hcp lrZ-bw, s]cp-h-gn-b-¼-ew, CXm Chn-sS hsc

D®n-Ir-jvW³ ]pXqÀ : (1933)IrXn-IÄ: B\- -I, B«p-I-«nÂ, _en-¡-Ãv, \mgn-I-a-Wn, Aar-X-a-Y-\w.

kÀZmÀ sI.-Fw. ]Wn-¡À : (1895 þ 1963)IrXn-IÄ: ]d-¦n-¸-S-bm-fn, tIcfknwlw, Qm³kndmWn-bpsS Bß-I-Y, D]-\ym-k-ame.

]p\- n Ipª-_vZpÅ : (1941)IrXn-IÄ: kvamc-I-in-e-IÄ, Aen-K-Unse XS-hp-Im-c³, I\ym-h-\-§Ä, Aán-¡n-\m-hp-IÄ

tPmk^v ap­-tÈcn : (1903 þ 1977)IrXn-IÄ: sIm´-bn \n¶v Ipcn-Èn-te-bv¡v, cmP-cm-Psâ amsäm-en, Icn- n-cn, \mS-Im´w Ihn-Xzw,sImgnª Ce-IÄ (B-ß-I-Y).a\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Km-bn-IÄ, Hä-t\m-«-¯nÂ, Ime-¯nsâ I®m-Sn,]mÝm-Xy-km-lnXy kao-£.

s]cp-¼-Shw {io[-c³ : (1938)IrXn-IÄ: A -bw, Hcp k¦oÀ¯\w t]mse, Acq-]n-bpsS aq¶mw {]mhv.

Sn.-hn. sIm¨p-_mh : (1955)

IrXn-IÄ: hr²-k-Z-\w, s]cp-¦-fn-bm«w

k¡-dnb : (1945)

IrXn-IÄ: s{]bvkv Z temUv, Hcn-S- v, F´p­vhntijw ]oem-t¯mtk?

kn.-sP. tXmakv : (1918 þ 1960)

IrXn-IÄ: B a\p-jy³ \o Xs¶, Ch-s\sâ{]nb-]p-{X³, CuUn¸kv cmPm-hv, Bân-K-Wn.

s{]m^. Fkv. Kp]vX³\m-bÀ : (1919)

IrXn-IÄ: Ck§Ä¡-¸p-dw, krjvSnbpw {kjvSm-hpw, AØn-bpsS ]q¡Ä. {Im -ZÀin-IÄ, SmKqÀ,Xncbpw Npgn-bpw.

]n.- hÂke : (1938)

IrXn-IÄ: s\Ãv, ]mf-bw, KuX-a³, Ac-¡nÃw,Btá-bw, Iqa³sIm-Ãn.

hnjvWp\mcm-b-W³ \¼q-Xncn : (1936)IrXn-IÄ: DÖ-bn-\n-bnse cm¸-I-ep-IÄ, qan-Ko-X-§Ä, A]-cm-Pn-X, C´y-sb¶ hnIm-cw, apJ-sa-hnsS, dn¸-»nIv, `qan-Ko-X-§Ä.

Fw.-]n. hotc-{µ-Ip-amÀ (1936)IrXn-IÄ: cmasâ ZpxJw, Km«pw ImWm- -c-SpIfpw,_p²sâ Nncn.

]m«-_m¡n : sI. Zmtam-Z-csâ \mS-Iw. sFXn-ly-am-e -bpsS IÀ¯mhv sIm«m-c-¯nÂ

i¦p®n. t]mªn-¡c dm^n-bpsS hnJymX IrXn-I-fmWv

kzÀ¤-Zq-X³, Hmtcm-{]m-s\m-_o-kv. i_vZ-Xm-cm-henbpsS IÀ¯mhv {ioI-WvtT-izcw

Pn. ]ß\m- -]nÅ. tIcf {KÙ-imem kwL- nsâ apJ-]-{X-amWv

{KÙ-tem-Iw. Ddm-«n, Sn.-kn. tPmWnsâ {]ikvX t\mh-em-Wv. Fw. IrjvW³ \mbÀ : kmlnXy \ncq-]-I³.

t\ct¯ ae-bmf \mSv hmcn-I-bn-epw, ]n¶oSv Iem-Iu-ap-Zn-bnepw Ct¸mÄ ae-bmfw hmcn-I-bnepw{]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ kmln-Xy hmc- ew Ct±-l-¯nsâ ]wàn-bm-Wv.

tZh-kv]-µ\w Fw.-hn. tZhsâ {]kn-²- Ir-Xn-bmWv. Sn. -sI. cma-Ir-jvW³ Fgp-Xnb t\mh-emWv

IÃnse Xos¸mcn-IÄ. tN«sâ \ng-en F¶ IrXn cNn-¨Xv eoem Zmtam-

Zc tat\m³ BWv. "tIkcn' F¶ A]-c-\m-a-¯n th§-bnÂ

Ipªn-cm-a³ \mb\mcpw (I-hn) Fw.-_m-e-Ir-jvW-]nÅ (\n-cq-]-I³) bpw Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

kuµ-cy-\n-co-£-Ww, kmln-Xy-hn-Nm-cw F¶nhFw.-]n. t]mÄ cNn¨ \ncq-]W {KÙ-§-fm-Wv.

hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvWsâ {]kn² IrXn-bmWv tcmK-¯nsâ ]q¡Ä.

k¡-dn-b-bpsS {]kn² cN-\-bmWv F´p­vhntijw ]oem-t¯mtk?

2 4 9

Fsâ \mSp-I-S-¯Â .........................kztZ-im- n-am\ncma-Ir-jvW-]nÅ

PohnX kacw .....................................kn. tIi-h³Bß-IY ..............................................C.-Fw.-F-kv.Fsâ PohnX kvac-W-IÄ ............a¶¯v ]ß-\m-

`³Rm³.......................................................F³.-F³. ]nÅXpSn-¡p¶ Xmfp-IÄ .........................N§-¼pg IrjvW-

]nÅFsâ PohnX IY ............................Fkv.-]n. ]nÅHmÀ½-bpsS Xoc-§-fnÂ...................XIgnFsâ _mey-Ime kvac-W-IÄ ...kn. ANyp-X-ta-

t\m³]n¶n« PohnX]mX ..........................tUm. Pn. cma-N-

{µ³kÀhokv tÌmdn ................................ae-bm-äqÀ cma-Ir-

jvW³DtZym-K- ]Àhw.....................................tXm«w cmP-ti-J-

c³Hcp kÀPsâ HmÀ½-¡p-dn- p-IÄ.................................................................. tUm.]n.-sI.BÀ.

hmcyÀIgnª Imew ....................................sI.-]n. tIi-h-ta-

t\m³Fsâ PohnX IY ............................F.-sI. tKm]m-e³ssa kv{SKnÄkv .................................C.-sI. \mb-\mÀBß-IY ..............................................kÀZmÀ sI.-

Fw.]Wn-¡ÀPohn-X]mX ..........................................sNdp-ImSv (tKm-hn-

µ-¸n-jm-c-Sn)Hfn-hnse HmÀ½-IÄ .........................tXm¸n mknFsâ IY-bn-Ãm-bva-IÄ...................F.-]n. DZ-b- m\pFsâ IpXn¸pw InX¸pw ................^mZÀ tPmk^v

hS-¡³

sImgnª Ce-IÄ............................tPmk v ap­-tÈcn

PohnX kvac-W-IÄ ..........................C.-hn. IrjvW-]nÅ

HmÀ½-bpsS Hmf-§-fn ...................Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸vIhn-bpsS Imev]m-Sp-IÄ .................]n. Ipªp-cm-a³

\mbÀHmÀ½-I-fpsS temI¯v ...................tIi-h-tZhvFsâ hgn- n-cnhv .............................s]m³Ip¶w

hÀ¡nFsâ hgn-b-¼-e-§Ä......................Fkv.sI. s]mä-

¡mSvHmÀ½-bpsS Ad-IÄ .........................ssh¡w apl-½Zv

_joÀBß-I-Ybv¡v Hcp BapJw ........efn-Xmw-_nI

A´ÀÖ\wBß-tcJ ............................................sh®n-¡pfw

tKm]m-e-¡p-dp¸vA\p- -h-§Ä A`n-a-X-§Ä...........F³

IrjvW]nÅPohn-Xhpw Rm\pw ............................sI. kptc-{µ³A\p-`-h-§-fpsS kwKoXw .............]h-\³\oÀam-Xfw ]q¯ Imew/Fsâ Bß-IY..................................................................am[-hn-¡p«nFsâ \mSI kvac-W-IÄ ..............]n.-sP. BâWnA`n-\-b-Nn- -IÄ ..............................Im¼n-tÈcn Icp-

Wm-I-c³HmÀ½-bpsS IY .................................F³. tKmhn-µ³

Ip«nAc§pw AWn-b-dbpw ....................Iem-a-Þew,

IrjvW³ \mbÀXnc-t\m«w..............................................Iem-a-Þew,

cma³Ip«n \mbÀAc-§p- Im-Wm¯ \S³ ................Xnt¡m-Sn-b³

Bß-I-Y-I-fpw IÀ¯m¡fpw