Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL functions for lathes and milling machines

Programming coordinates and interpolation parameters

Absolute input of coordinate values relative to the workpiece zero point

Incremental input of coordinate values relative to the current tool position

Absolute input of the interpolation parameters relative to the workpiece zero point

T-addresses for tool change

Tool storage place in the tool revolver or holder

Selection of the number of the offset memory

Incremental tool radius or cutting edge offset in the selected offset memory

Incremental tool length offset in the selected offset memory (milling)

Incremental tool length offset in Z direction in the selected offset memory (turning)

Incremental diameter offset in X direction in the selected offset memory (turning)

Additional M-functions1' according to PAL

Clockwise spindle rotation, coolant ON

Counter clockwise spindle rotation, coolant ON

Spindle and coolant OFF

PAL functions for lathes

XA, YA, ZA

XI, Yl, Zl

IA, KA

T

TC

TR

TL

TZ

TX

End of sub program M17 M13

Constant feed

M60 M14

M60 + corner shaping

M61 M15

G-functions Types of interpolation Cutter compensation

GO Rapid travel/motion G40 Cancel tool radius offset TRO

G1 Linear interpolation with feed rate G41 Tool radius offset TRO to the left of the

G2

G3

G4

Circular interpolation, clockwise

Circular interpolation, counter clockwise

Dwell time

G42 programmed contour

Tool radius offset TRO to the right of the

programmed contour

G9 Exact stop Feeds and speeds

G14 Travel to configured tool change point G92 Rotational speed limitation

G61 Linear interpolation for contour routing G94 Feed in mm per minute

G62

G63

Circular interpolation for contour routing,

clockwise

Circular interpolation for contour routing,

counter clockwise

G95

G96

G97

Feed in mm per revolution

Constant cutting speed

Constant rotational speed

Reference points Program features

G50 Cancellation of incremental zero point G22 Call sub program

shift and rotations G23 Repeat program section

G53 Cancellation of all zero point shifts and

rotations

G29 Conditional jumps

Cycles G54- Adjustable absolute zero points

G57 G31 Thread cycle

G59 Incremental Cartesian zero point shift and

rotation

G32 Tapping cycle

G33

G80

Thread chasing cycle

Completion of a machining cycle contour Machining planes and rechucking

G18 Selection of the plane of rotation description

G17 Face machining planes G81 Longitudinal rough-turning cycle

G19 Shell surface/segment surface machining G82 Rough facing cycle

planes G83 Rough-turning cycle parallel to the contour

G30 Rechucking/opposed spindle takeover G84 Drilling cycle

Dimensions G85 Undercut cycle

G70

G71

G90

G91

Inch input confirmation

Metric input confirmation (mm)

Absolute dimensions

Input of incremental dimensions

G86

G87

G88

G89

Radial grooving cycle

Radial contour cutting cycle

Axial grooving cycle

Axial contour cutting cycle

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

G-functions for lathes

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL cycles for lathes

G31 Thread cycle

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL functions for milling machines

G-functions

Types of interpolation, contours Tool offsets

GO Rapid motion G40 Cancel cutter compensation

G1 Linear interpolation with feed rate G41- Cutter compensation left

G2 Circular interpolation, clockwise G42 Cutter compensation right

G3 Circular interpolation, counter clockwise Feeds and speeds

G4 Dwell time G94 Feed in mm per minute

G9 Exact stop G95 Feed in mm per revolution

G10 Rapid motion in polar coordinates G96 Constant cutting speed

G11 Linear interpolation with polar coordinates G97 Constant spindle speed

G12 Circular interpolation with polar coordinates,

clockwise Program features

G13 Circular interpolation with polar coordinates,

counter clockwise

G22 Call sub program

G45 Linear tangential approach to a contour G23 Repeat program section

G46 Linear tangential retraction from a contour G29 Conditional jumps

G47 Tangential approach to a contour in a Fixed cycles

quarter circle

G48 Tangential retraction from a contour in a G34 Start-up of the contour pocket cycle

quarter circle G35 Rough-machining technology of the contour

G61 Linear interpolation for contour routing pocket cycle

G62 Circular interpolation for contour routing,

clockwise

G36 Residual material technology of the contour

pocket cycle

G63 Circular interpolation for contour routing, G37 Finishing technology of the contour pocket cycle

counter clockwise G38

G80

Contour description of the contour pocket cycle

Completion of the G38 cycle

Reference points, rotation, mirror images, scaling G39 Call contour pocket cycle with material removal

G50 Cancellation of the incremental zero point shift either parallel to the contour or in meanders

and rotations G72 Rectangular pocket milling cycle

G53 Cancellation of all zero point shifts and G73 Circular pocket and spigot milling cycle

rotations G74 Slot milling cycle

G54-

G57

Adjustable absolut zero points G75 Circular slot milling cycle

G58 Incremental zero point shift, polar and G81 Drilling cycle

rotation G82 Deep drilling cycle with pecking

G59 Incremental Cartesian zero point shift and G83 Deep drilling cycle with pecking and full retraction

rotation G84 Tapping cycle

G66 Mirror image across the X or Y axis,

mirror image off

G85 Reaming cycle

G67 Scaling (enlarging or reducing or cancellation) G86

G87

Boring cycle

Plunge milling cycle

Plane selection, dimensions G88 Internal thread milling cycle

G17- Plane selection, 2V2 D processing G89 External thread milling cycle

G19 G76 Multiple cycle call on a straight line (line of holes)

G70 Inch input confirmation G77 Multiple cycle call on a pitch circle (line of holes)

G71 Metric input confirmation (mm) G78 Cycle call at a particular point (polar coordinates)

G90 Input of absolute dimensions G79 Cycle call at a particular point (Cartesian

G91 Input of incremental dimensions coordinates)

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL cycles for milling machines

G1

Linear interpolation with feed rate

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL functions for milling machines

G45

Linear tangential approach to the contour G46 Linear tangential retraction from the contour

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL cycles for milling machines

G81 Drilling cycle

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL cycles for milling machines

G86 Boring cycle

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL cycles for milling machines

G72 Rectangular pocket milling cycle

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL cycles for milling machines

Program structure with CNC machines according to PAL

PAL functions for milling machines

Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL

PAL cycles for milling machines

G62/G63 Circular interpolation for contour routing